THOMAS LINCOLN

CASEY

LIBRARY

1925

TRANSACTIONS
OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

LONDON.

THE
TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

LONDON

FOR THE YEAR

1396.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY SIMMONS AND BOTTEN, LIMITED,
44, SHOE LANE, LONDON, E.C.
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET,
CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.,
AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,,
PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.; AND NEW YORK.

1896.

DATES OF PUBLICATION IN PARTS.

Part I. (TRANS., pp. 1-128, Proc., i-xvi) was published 30th March, 1896.
ee LCs, 129-252, ,, xXvii—xxviil) » Ist June, As
Pre Gl He Qe 253-450, ,, XxIx-xxxvi) ,, 30th Sept., 3
aval Vi-3 (Cid ass 451-594, ,, xxxvii-lvi) » 18th Dec., 5
» WV. (———-—— _,, _vii-lxi) » 30th Jan., 1897.

Gwe)
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

FOUNDED, 1833.

INCORPORATED BY RoyaL CHARTER, 1885.

OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the Session 1896-97.

Jiresident.
Proressor RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S.

Vice-Presidents.

Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., M.B., F.B.S.
ROLAND TRIMEN, F.RB.S., F.LS.
WALTER F. H. BLANDFORD, M.A., F.ZS.

Greasurer.
ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Secretaries.

HERBERT GOSS, F.L.S.
THe Rey. Canon FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

Librarian.
GEORGE C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Council.

WALTER F. H. BLANDFORD, M.A., F.Z.S.
GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Tue Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
HERBERT GOSS, F.LS., F.G.S.

Sir GEORGE F. HAMPSON, Bart., B.A.
ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Pror. RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S.
Pror. EDWARD B. POULTON, M.A., F.RB.S.
OSBERT SALVIN, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS.

Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., M.B,, F.R.S.
ROLAND TRIMEN, F.R.S., F.L.S., ete.

THE Lorp WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.
CoLtoneEL JOHN WILLIAM YERBURY, tare R.A.

Resident Librarian.
Ae eee oO OD

THE
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
1883—1896.

The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows
at the following reduced prices :—

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”
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The JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGs is bound up with the TRANSACTIONS.

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© vin. 4)

CONTHN Ts:

Kixplanation of the Plates

Errata 6 2% aa Bae ae ae coe Sos

List of Fellows ... ou sat WY 7 acc oe eee
Additions to the bray os5 es ve as oe a 500

MEMOIRS

J. On the Heteromerous Coleoptera of St. Vincent, Grenada, and
the Grenadines. By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

II. New and little-known Palwarctice Perlide. By KENNETH JOHN
Morton, F.E.S. oD 3 eae :

IIT. On the Relation of Mimetic Patterns to the ouae ul Form. By
Dr. Freperick A. Dixgy, M.A., M.D., Fellow of Wadham
College, Oxford S00

TV. The Rhynchophorous Galen of Aina. Rants 1Vie Otio
rhynchide and Sitonides, and a genus of doubtful position
from the Kurile Islands. By Dr. DAvip Suarp, M.A.,M.B.,
F.R.S., ete. = oe ase os ses wae

VY. Notes on Flower-Haunting Diptera. By Grorce FRANCIS
Scorr-Eniiot, M.A. ee Se., F.L8., ete., communicated by
HERBERT Goss, F.L ., Secretary, Entom. Society... eC

VI. Notes on Bee a ae Hpermenia, Chrysocoris, and
Beeron torus: By Dr. THomAs ALGERNON CHAPMAN, ee
F.E.S sa ie a0 605 é

WT Meee tions of New Genera and Species of Coleoptera from
ae Africa, chiefly from Zambezia. By Louis PéRINGUEY,

AVATHIIE eee Gee of New Scolytid trom the Indo-Malayan and
Austro-Malayan Regions. By aoe F. H. BLanprorp,
M.A., F.Z.S. ot: 500

IX. Notes on Dyscritina ioitgteedbeds Westw. By E. Ernesr
GREEN, F.E-S. bey we -

X. On the Courtship of certain rr Acridiidie. By Pro-
fessor Epwarp B. Poutron, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8., ete. ...

XT. Onthe Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). By Professor
SAMUEL WILLIsToN (Dolichopodidz, and Phoridx# by Pro-
fessor J. M. ALDRICH), communicated by Dr. Davin SHarp,
M.A., F.R.S., on behalf of the Committee for Investigating
the Flora and Fauna of the West Indies aes

b

SL

117

129

149

191

229

233

253

(ava)

XII. Supplementary Note to my previous Papers on the Heteromerous
Coleoptera of Australia and Tasmania. By GrorGE

PAGE

CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S. AAT
XIII. On the classification of three subfamilies of Moths of the
family Pyralide: the Epipaschiinwe, Endotrichine, and
Pyraline. By Sir GreorGe Francis Hampson, Bart.,
B.A., F.E.S. 2 Ere ds il
XIV. Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism in South African Rhopalocera,
By Guy A. K. Marswatt, F.E.S oo 5ol
XV. On the Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera from a
pupal and oval standpoint. By Dr. THomAs ALGERNON
CuapmMaNn, M.D., F.E.S. ... : é Sos. AIT
XVI. Termites in captivity in England. By GrorcE D. HAVILAND,
M.A., and Dr. Davin SHarp, M.A., F.R.S., ete. 580
Proceedings for 1895... a2 = ats Ste i ets .eei—Lxi
President’s Address Ixii
Index xevl
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Plate T. See pages 1—54 Plates VIMI., LX.,
ile . 55—63 OG 2-Glan OUTS
SS DS Veg Vic 55 65—79 XIIT., & XIV. See pages 253—416
55 Will ey WAL a 129—147
ERRATA.
TRANSACTIONS.
Page 456, and throughout Sir George Hampson’s paper, for Hulst., read

Hulst.
Pages 456, 457, 458, and 481, for Ivis read Isis.
Page 468, and throughout the paper, for Berg., read Berg.
Page 485, for Avri read Aru.
Page 506, line 2 from bottom of page, dele Z.

Page 507, line 6 from bottom, for Zeit. read Treit. In same line, for vii.

read vi.
Page 560, for octaira read octavia, and throughout the paper.
Page 563, for ‘‘ Kuysua” read “ Knysna.”’
Page 564, for Crose-Smith read Grose-Smith.

PROCEEDINGS.

” ses

Page xxvi., line 25, for *‘ eosta,”’ read ‘‘imner edge.”

List of Fellotus

Or THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Date of HONORARY FELLOWS.

Election.

1894 ForeEL, Professor Auguste, M.D., The University, Zitrich.

1884 Miuuer, Dr. Fritz, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

1884 OsTEN SACKEN, Baron C. R., Wredeplatz, Heidelberg.

1884 PackARD, Dr, Alpheus S., Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A,

1872 Saussure, Henri F. de, Tertasse, 2, Geneva.

1895 ScuppER, Samuel Hubbard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

1871 Senys-Lonccuamps, Baron M. E. de, Liége.

1885 SNELLEN, Pieter Carl T., Rotterdam.

1895 THomson, Dr. C. G., The University, Lund, Sweden.

1893 Warrenwyt, Hofrath Dr. Carl Brunner Von, Trautsohngasse, 6,
Vienna.

FELLOWS.
Marked * is an Original Member.
Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Date of
Election.

1877 Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, 68, St. Ermin’s Mansions, Caxton-
street, Westminster, S.W.

1877. ApvAms, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N.

1885 ADKIN, Robert, Welljfield, Lingards-road, Lewisham, S.E.

1886 Armorg, E. A., 48, High-street, King’s Lynn, Norfolk.

1892 Baty, William Edward, Lynwood House, Paul Churchtown, near
Penzance, Cornwall.

1894 Baker, Walter F., Trent House, Gainsborough.

1886 Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., The Rectory, Corfe Castle, Wareham,
Dorset.

1890 Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.S., Knott’s Green, Leyton, Essex.

x LIST OF FELLOWS.

1886 BareGaGui, Nobile Cavaliere Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo
Tempi No. 1, Florence, Italy.

1895 Barker, Cecil W. Rownham, Malvern, Natal, South Africa.

1887 Barker, H. W., 147, Gordon-road, Peckham, S.E.

1884 Barrerr, Charles Golding, Jnland Revenue Office, Newington Butts,
S.E., and 39, Linden-grove, Nunhead, 8.E.

1865 Barron, Stephen, 114, Sé. Michael’s Hill, Bristol.

1894+ Bateson, William, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College,
St. John’s College, Cambridye.

1896 - Beare, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., Park House, King’s-road,
Richmond, Surrey.

1851 + Beaumont, Alfred, The Red Cottage, Pond-road, Blackheath,
S.E.

1893 Bepparp. Frank E., M.A., F.R.S., Zoological Gardens, Regent's
Park, N.W.

1882 Bera, Prof. Dr. Carlos, Director del Museo Nacional, Buenos
Aires (Rep. Argent.), South America.

1885 Breruvune-BakeEr, George T., F.L.S., 19, Clarendon-road, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.

1895 Bevan, Lieutenant H.G. R., R.N., 2, Lansdown-place, Cheltenham.

1892 Bippreu1i, Walter Cuthbert, 52, The Grove, Bolton Gardens, S.W.

1886 Bippie, F. W., M.A., Lanherne, Albemarle-road, Beckenham,
Kent.

1880 BiGNeELL, George Carter, 69, Union-street, Stonehouse, Plymouth.

1879 Buiiuurs, T. R., 20, Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, 8.E.

1895 Brneuam, Lt.-Col., F.Z.8., Bombay Staff Corps, c/o Messrs. King
& Co., 65, Cornhill, E.C.

1896 Busnor, Luke, F.R.G.S., E 2, The Albany, Piccadilly, W.

1891 Braper, W. H., F.L.S., 34, Cromwell-road, West Brighton.

1894 + BLacksurne-Maze, W. P., Shaw House, Newbury, Berkshire.

1889 Buanprorp, Walter F. H., M.A., F.Z.S., Vice-PRESIDENT,
48, Wimpole-street, W.

1890 Buatcu, W. G., Knowle, near Birmingham.

1885 Briaruwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, F.L.8., Hagle ITouse, Batheaston,
Bath.

1886 BuioomrieLp, The Rev. Edwin Newson, M.A., G'uestling Rectory,
Hastings.

1876 Borre, Alfred Preudhomme de, Villa lu Fauvette, Petit Saconnex,
Genevu.

1875 Borrer, Wm., junr., F.G.S8., Pakyns Manor House, Hurstpierpoint,
Sussex. ;

1876 Boscuer, Edward, Bellevue House, Twickenham.

1891 Booru, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carnforth,
Lancashire.

1892 BovuskELt, Frank, 11, Sandown-road, Stoney Gate, Leicester.

1888 Bower, B. A., Langley, Eltham-road, Lee, S.E.

LIST OF FELLOWS. x1

1894+ Bowers, E. Augustus, M.A., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross,

Hertfordshire.

1852 + Boyp, Thos., Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, 8.B.

1893
1894
1877
1870
1894

1890
1879

1878
1887
1886
1892

1890
1883

1889

Brapant, Edouard, Chateau de Morenchies, par Cambrai (Nord),
France.

Breyer, Professor H. G., M.D., Gymnasium, Pretoria, Transvaal,
Africa.

Briags, Charles Adolphus, 55, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. ; and
Rock House, Lynmouth, North Devon.

Briacs, Thomas Henry, M.A., Rock House, Lynmouth, North
Devon.

Bricut, Percy M., Roccabruna, Bournemouth.

BristoweE, B. A., Durlstone, Champion Hill, S.K.

Brona@niart, Le Chevalier Charles, Assistant d’Entomologie au
Musée histoire naturelle de Paris, Memb. Ent. Soc. France,
and Memb. Geol. Soc. France, Foreign Corr. Geol. Soc. Lond.,
&ce., 9, Rue Linné, Paris.

Brown, Capt. Thomas, Drury, Auckland, New Zealand.

Brown, Henry Rowland, M.A., 3, Pump-court, Temple, E.C.

Brown, John, 5, King’s Parade, Cambridge.

Browne, Capt. Clement Alfred Righy, R.E., Southern Mahratta
Railway, Dharwar, India.

Bryant, George, Somerset Lodge, Old Shirley, near Southampton.

BuckTon, George Bowdler, F.R.S., F.L.8., Weycombe, Haslemere,
Surrey.

Burns, Henry, The Free Public Library, Fulham, 8.W.

1896 + Burr, Malcolm, “ Bellagio,” East Grinstead, Sussex.
1868 + BurLer, Arthur Gardiner, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., British Museum,

1883

1886

1886
1885

1860
1880
1889
1890

1886
1894

South Kensington, S.W.; and The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham,
Kent.
Burter, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Sc.,39, A shley-road, Crouch Hill,N.

CaLVERT, Wm. Bartlett, Liceo de Quillota, Quillota, Chili, South
America.

CaMERON, Peter, Union Road, New Mills, Derbyshire.

CAMPBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Rose Hill, Hoddes-
don, Herts.

CanvzzeE, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

CANSDALE, W. D., Sunny Bank, South Norwood, 8.E.

Cant, A., c/o Fredk. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S., 10, Chandos-
street, Cavendish-square, W.

CapPeR, Samuel James, F.L.S. (President of the Lancashire and
Cheshire Entomological Society), Huyton Park, near Liverpool.

Carron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford, Surrey.

CaraccioLo, H., H.M. Customs, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British
West Indies.

Xl LIST OF FELLOWS.

1892 CarpEenreR, The Honble. Mrs. Beatrice, Kiplin, Northallerton,
Yorkshire.
1895 Carpenter, G. H., B.Sc., Musenm of Science and Art, Dublin.
1868 Carrincron, Charles, Carylls, Fay Gate, Horsham.
1890 Carter, George Wm., M.A., F.1.8., Cliff End House, Scarboro’.
1895 CarTER, Sir Gilbert, K.C.M.G., Government House, Lagos, West
Africa.
1889 + Cave, Charles, 13, Lowndes-square, S.W.
.1871 Campion, George C., F.Z.S., Liprartan, Heatherside, Horsell,
Woking, Surrey ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.
1891 CHapMan, Thomas Algernon, M.D., care of Mrs. Milligan, 3, Mor-
land-terrace, Manor-road, Liscard, Cheshire.
1890 CHATTERTON, Frederick J.8., 78, Clissold-road, Stoke Newington, N.
1891 + Cuirry, Arthur J., M.A., 27, Hereford-square, S.W.
1889 Curisty, W. M., M.A., Watergate, Emsworth, Sussex.
1886 + CLarK, John Adolphus, The Broadway, London Fields, N.E.
1867 CxiaRKE, Alex. Henry, 109, Warwick-road, Earl's Court, S.W.
1886 CLARKE, Charles Baron, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., 13, Kew
Gardens-road, Kew, S.W.
1891 Cuarke, Henry Shortridge, 2, Osborne-terrace, Douglas, Isle of Man.
1891 CocKERELL, Theodore D.A., F.Z.S., Mesilla, New Mexico, U.S.A.
1874 Cock ie, Major George, M.A., B.Mus., Oxon., 9, Bolton-gardens,S.W.
1873 Coxe, William, 7, Knighton Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
1892 Cowan, Thomas William, F.L.S., F.G.8., F.R.M.S., 31, Belsize
Park Gardens, Hampstead, N.W., and Penleaze, Fowey, Cornwall.
1886 CoweE Lt, Peter (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library),
William Brown-street, Liverpool.
1867 Cox, Herbert Ed., c/o F. S. Eve, Esq., 125, Harley-street, W.
1895 CRABTREE, Benjamin Hill, The Oaklands, Levenshulme, Manchester.
1888 CreGor, J. P., P.O. Box 1420, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1890 CREWE, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire.
1880 +tCrisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., Treasurer L.S., F.G.S., Treasurer
R.M.S., 5, Lansdowne-road, Notting Hill, W.
1888 Croker, A. J., 90, Albert-road, Walthamstow.
1895 Crompton, Sidney, Salamanca, Santa Cruz, Teneriffe, Canary
Islands.
1883 CROWLEY, Philip, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Waddon House, Croydon.

1873 Dae, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset.

1887 Datrry, The Rev. Thomas W., M.A., F.L.S., Madeley Vicarage,
Newcastle, Staffordshire.

1886 Dannart, Walter, F.Z.S., Ivy Dene, Westcombe Park, Blackheath,
S.E.

1892 tDeNNIs, George Christopher, 39, Blossom-street, York.

1885
1886

1875

1887

1895
1896

1891
1885

1873
1886

1845

1884

1867

1894

LIST OF FELLOWS. xii

Dent, Hastings Charles, C.E., F.L.S., 20, Thurloe-sguare, S.W.

Dickson, The Rev. Prof. William Purdie, D.D., LL.D., Professor
of Divinity ia the University of Glasgow, Glasgow.

Distant, Wm. Lucas, 4, Westbourne-terrace, Lower Addiscomlc,
Surrey.

Dixey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow and Bursar of
Wadham College, Wadham College, Oxford.
Dosson, H. T., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, Surrey.
Do.py-TyY er, Charles H., F.R.G.S., Corresponding Member of the
Italian Anthropological Society, British Vice- Consul, Panama.
DONISTHORPE, Horace St. John K., 73, West Cromwell-road, S.W.
Donovan, Surg.-Captain Charles, M.D., Mangalore, South Canara,
India.

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.}

Dormer, The Right Honourable Lord, Cox’s Hotel, Jermyn-strect,
S.W.

DovuGias, John Wm., Dartmouth Lodge, 153, Lewisham -road,
Lewisham, S.E.

Drucr, Hamilton H. C. J., F.Z.S., 48, Cireus-road, St. John’s
Wood, N.W.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood,
INAV. «

DupGeEon, G. C., Fagoo Tea Estate, Sailihat P.O., vid Julpiguri,
India.

1849 }DuNNING, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 4, Talbot-square,

1883

Paddington, W.
Durrant, John Hartley, The Cottage, Merton Hall, Thetford,
Norfolk.

Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Godalming.

Eaton, The Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A, care of R.S. Eaton, Esq.,
4, Belfield-terrace, Weymouth, Dorset.

Epwarps, James, Colesborne, Andoversford, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.

Epwarbs, Stanley, F.L.8., F.Z.8., Kidbrook-lodge, Blackheath,
S.E.

Eis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18, Rodney-street, Liverpool.

E.wes, Henry John, J.P., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Colesborne, Andovers-
ford, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.

Enock, Frederick, F.L.S., 21, Manor-gardens, Holloway, N.

Farn, Albert Brydges, Mount Nod, Greenhithe, Kent; and
Medical Department, Local Government Board, Whitehall, S.W.

Farren, William, Fern House, Union-road, Cambridge.

Fenn, Charles, Eversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.E.

Xiv
1886
1881

1889
1878

1874
1886
1865

LIST OF FELLOWS.

Fenwick, Nicholas Percival, Holmwood, South Bank, Surbiton
Hill, Kingston-on-Thames.

Ferepay, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.

FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A.

Finz1, John A., Hanover Lodge, 77, St. Helen’s-gardens, N.
Kensington, W.

Fitcu, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House, Maldon, Essex.

Fitrcnu, Frederick, Hudleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.

FLETcHenR, J. E., 2, Bedwardine-road, St. Johns, Worcester.

1883+ FLErcHER, William Holland B., M.A., Fairlawn, Worthing,

1892
1885
1880

1883
1896
1888

1891
1855

1889
1884

1887

Sussex.

FLEUTIAUX, Edmond, 1, Rue Malus, Place Monge, Paris.

ForKer, A. J. F., Ziertkzee, Zeeland, Netherlands.

Fowrer, The Rev. Canon, M.A., F.L.8S., Secrerary, The School
House, Lincoln.

FREEMAN, Francis Ford, Abbotsfield, Tavistock, South Devon.

FREKE, Percy Evans, Step House, Borris, Co. Carlow, Ireland.

FREMLIN, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, Maidstone,
Kent.

FROHAWKE, F. W., 39, Dornton-road, Balham, S.W.

Fry, Alexander, F.U.8., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park,
Norwood, 8.E.

Fryer, Charles John, 410, Wandsworth-road, 8.W.

Fuuuer, The Rey. Alfred, M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham-hill,
Sydenham, S.E.

GAHAN, Charles Joseph, M.A., British Museum (Natural History),
South Kensington, S.W.; and 16, Ashehurch-grove, Shephera’s
Bush, W.

Gate, G. H., Public Works Department, Hong Kong.

GaLTON, Francis, M.A., D.C.L., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.G.S8., 42, Rutland
Gate, S.W.

GarpeE, Philip de la, R.N., H.M.S. “Goldfinch,” Australian
Station.

GARDNER, John, 6, Friars-gate, Hartlepool.

Gipps, Arthur Ernest, F.L.S., Avenue House, St. Albans, Hert-
Sordshire.

+Gopman, Frederick Du Cane, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S8., South Lodge,
Lower Beeding, Horsham, Sussex; 7, Carlos-place, Girosvenor-
square ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.

GoLpruwalte, Oliver, 38, Duke of Edinburgh-road, Carshalton,
Surrey.

+Goopricu, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Lennox Lodge, Malvern
Links.

Goruam, Rey. Henry Stephen, F.Z.S., The Chestnuts, Shirley

Warren, Southampton.

LIST OF FELLOWS. xV

1874 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Secretary, The Avenue,
Surbiton-hill, Kingston-on-Thames; and 11, Chandos-street,
Cavendish-square, W.

1886 GREEN, A. P., Colombo, Ceylon.

1891 GREEN, E. Ernest, c/o Mrs. Blunt, Mote Hall, Bearsted, Maidstone,
Kent.

1894 GREEN, Joseph F., West Lodge, Blackheath, S.K.

1865 GREENE, The Rev Joseph, M.A., Rostrevor, Clifton, Bristol.

1893 + GREENWoop, Henry Powis, F.L.S., care of Thomas Greenwood,
Esq., Belle Vue, London-road, near Salisbury.

1888 Grirritus, G. C., 43, Caledonian-place, Clifton, Bristol.

1894 GrimsHaw, Percy H., Natural History Department, Edinburgh
Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh.

1890+ Haut, A. E., Norbury, Pitsmoor, Sheffield.

1885 Hawt, Thomas William, “ Stanhope,” The Crescent, Croydon.

1891 Hampson, Sir George Francis, Bart., B.A., 36, Tedworth-square,
Chelsea, S.W.

1891 Hanbury, Frederick J., F.L.S., 69, Clapton Common, Clapton, N.E.

1877 Harpinc, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol.

1889 Harrison, John, 7, Gawber-road, Barnsley, Yorkshire.

1892 Heapty, Charles Burnard, Two Elms, Alexandra-road, Stoneygate,
Leicester.

1892 Hearn, Edward Alfred, M.D., F.L.S., 114, Ebury-street, Pimlico,
So Wie

1889 Henn, Arnold Umfreville, Box 1282, Post Office, Sydney, N.S. W.

1881 Henry, George, 38, Wellington-square, Hastings.

1888 Hiaas, Martin Stanger, F.C.S., Tigerfontein Gold Mines, Ltd.,
Venterskroon, Potchefstroom, Transvaal.

1891 Huu, Henry A., 9, Addison Mansions, Kensington, W.

1876 + HiLLMAN, Thomas Stanton, Eastgate-street, Lewes, Sussex.

1896 Hocxrne, The Rev. John, M.A., Copdock Rectory, Ipswich.

1890 HopGKInson, J.B., Roseberry House, Powys-road, Ashton-on-Ribble.

1888 Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., 32, Milton-place, Halifax.

1887 Ho.uanp, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg,
Penn., U.S.A.

1876+ Horniman, Fredk. John, M.P., F.LS., F.Z8., &., Surrey
Mount, Forest Hill, S.¥.

1892 Hoye, Samuel, Audley House, Sale, Cheshire.

1865+ Hupp, A. E., “ Clinton,” Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol.

1888 Hupson, George Vernon, The Post Office, Wellington, New Zealand.

1893 Irpy, Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Howard Loyd, F.L.S., F.Z.S.,
14, Cornwall-terrace, Regent’s Park, N.W.
1891 IsaBELL, The Rev. John, 65, Waddon Old-road, Croydon,

xvl LIST OF FELLOWS.

1886 Jacosy, Martin, 7, Hemstall-road, West Hampstead, N.W.

1892 Jarrrey, Francis, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 8, Queen’s Ride, Barnes, S.W.

1869 Janson, Oliver E., Perth-road, Stroud Green, N.; and 44, Great
Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, 4, Hust-street, Lewes.

1886 Joun, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd, Glamorganshire.

1889 JouHnson, The Rev. W. F., M.A., Acton Rectory, Poyntz Pass,
Newry, Ireland.

1888 Jones, Albert H., Shrublands, Eltham, Kent.

1894 Jones, Frederic Whitworth, Cleef, Vryburg, British Bechuana-
land, Africa.

1894 t JorDAN, Dr. K., The Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire.

1884 Kane, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.LA., Drumleaske House,
Monaghan, Ireland.

1884 Kappet, A. W., F.L.S., Hilden, 20, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W.

1876 + Kay, John Dunning, Leeds.

1896 + Kaye, William James, Worcester Court, Worcester Park, Surrey.

1884 Keays, F. Lovell, F.L.8., 26, Charles street, St. James’s, S.W.

1894 KEEBLE, Henry.

1890 Kenrick, G. H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Bir-
mingham.

1890 Krimper, Miss M., Cope Hall, Enborne, Newbury, Berks.

1889 Kine, J. J. F. X., 207, Sauchiehall-street, Glasgow.

1861 Kirsy, William F., F.L.S., Helden, 20, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick,
We

1893 KirKkaLpy, George Willis, St. Abbs, Worple-road, Wimbledon,
Savi.

1889 KLAPALEK, Professor Franz, Trebon, Wittingau, Bohemia.

1887 t KLEIN, Sydney T., F.L.S8., F.R.A.S. (Hon. Treasurer, Middlesex
Natural History and Science Society), The Red House, Stanmore,
Middlesex.

1876 Kraartz, Dr. G., 28, Link-strasse, Berlin.

1895 Kranrz, Paul, Box 413, Pretoriu, Transvaal, South Africa.

1868 Lana, Colonel A.M., R.E., c/o Messrs. King & Co., 45, Pall Mall
S.W.

1895 Larrer, Oswald H., M.A., Charterhouse, Godalming, Surrey.

1887 t LeEcu, John Henry, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.5., F.R.G.S., &c., Southover
Grange, Lewes, Sussex.

1883 LEMANN, Fredk. Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth.

1892 Lesuin, J. H., 58, Foxbourne-road, Upper Tooting, S.W.

1876 Lewis, George, F.L.S., St. Regulus, Archer’s-road, Southampton.

1892. Licurroot, R. M., Bree-st., Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

1886 Liverr, H. W., M.D., Wells, Somerset.

?

LIST OF FELLOWS. XVil

1865 + LLewELyN, Sir John Talbot Dillwyn, Bart., M.A., M.P., F.L.S.,
Penllergare, Swansea.

1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor, Sussex,

1885 + Luoyp, Robert Wylie, St. Cuthberts, Thurleigh-road, Nightingale-
lane, Clapham Common, 8.W.

1894. Lowe, The Rev. Frank E., M.A., St. Stephen’s Vicarage,
Guernsey.

1850 Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road, Wimbledon
Park, 8.W.

1893 Lower, Oswald B., Bleak House, Park Side, Adelaide, South
Australia.

1850+ Luppock, The Right Honble. Sir John, Bart., M.P., D.C.L.,
F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., etc., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.

1880 Lupron, Henry, Lyndhurst, North Grange-road, Headingley,
Leeds.

1887 M‘Douacati, James Thomas, Dunolly, Morden-road, Blackheath,
S.E.

1895 McGreaor, Thomas M., 30, North Methven Street, Perth, N.B.

1851 +t M‘InTosu, J.

1888 Mackinnon, P. W., Lynndale, Mussoorie, N.W.P., India.

1892 Mackonocuikz, The Rev. J. A., B.A. (Chaplain to the Earl
of Home), Douglas Castle, Lanarkshire; and The Hirsel,
Coldstream.

1858 McLacuuan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S8., F.Z.S., TREASURER, West-
view, 23, Clarendon-road, Lewisham, 8.E.

1887 Manpers, Surgeon-Captain Neville, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Colombo,
Ceylon.

“1891 Mancer, William T., 100, Manor-road, Brockley, 8.E.

1892 MawnsprinGe, William, 21, Rosenau-crescent, Battersea Park, S.W.

1894 + MarsHAatL, Alick, Auchinraith, Bexley, Kent.

1895 Marsuatu, G. A. K., The Master’s Office, Salisbury, Mashonaland,
South Africa.

1896 Marsuatt, P., M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., Grammar School, Auckland,
New Zealand.

1865 MarsHati, The Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A., Botusfleming Rectory,
Hatt, Cornwall.

1856+ MarsHaLi, William, Auchinraith, Bexley, Kent.

1874+ Mason, Philip Brookes, M.R.C.S., P.L.S., Trent House, Burton-
on- Trent.

1895 Massey, Herbert, Jvy-Lea, Burnage, Withington, Manchester.

1865 Maruew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lee House,
Dovercourt, Harwich.

1887 MarrHews, Coryndon, Plympton St. Mary, South Devon.

1860 May, John William, K.N.L., Blenheim House, Parson’s Grecn-
lane, Fulham, S.W.

XVill LIST OF FELLOWS.

1872 + MELDOLA, Professor Raphael, F.R.S., F.C.S., PResIpENT, 6, Bruns-
wick-square, W.C.

1885 MeEtviLi, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S8., Brook House, Prestwich.
Lancashire.

1887 MeErRRIFIELD, Frederic, 24, Vernon-terrace, Brighton.

1888 Meryer-Darcis, G., c/o Sogin & Meyer, Wohklen, Switzerland.

1880 Meryrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.S., Elmswood, Marlborough, Willt-
shire.

1894 Mra.u, Professor Louis Compton, F.R.S., Crag Foot, Ben Rhydding,
Leeds.

1883 Mites, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta.

1896 Mopertey, J. C., M.A., 9, Radstock-place, Southampton.

1879 Monrerro, Senhor Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 72, Rua de
Alecreon, Lisbon.

1853 Moors, Frederic, D.Sc., A.L.S., F.Z.S., Claremont House, Avenue-
road, Croydon-road, Penge, S.E.

1886 Moraan, A.C. F., F.L.S., 24, Leinster-square, W.

1889 + Morice, The Rev. F. D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford,
Brunswick, Mount Ts mon, We oking.

1895 t Morey, Claude, 34, Berners-street, Ipswich.

1893 Monvon, Kenneth a, “ Salisbury,” Uddingston, N.B.

1889 Mostey, 8. L., Beaumont Park, Huddersfield.

1869 t Mtuuer, Albert, F.R.G.S.

1872 +t Murray, Lieut.-Colonel H., 43, Cromwell Houses, Cromwell-
road, S.W.

1896 NeEsuam, Robert, Utrecht House, Queen’s-road, Clapham Park, S.W.

1889 Nevinson, Basil George, M.A., F.Z.S., 3, Tedworth-square,
Chelsea, S.W.

1887 Newman, The Rev. W. J. H., M.A., The Vicarage, Steeple
Barton, Oxon.

1890 NeEwsreaD, R., The Museum, Chester.

1882 Nictvi.e, Lionel de, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Indian Museum ; and 13,
Kyd-street, Calcutta.

1895 Nicuo.son, Charles, 202, Evering-road, Clapton, N.E.

1886 NicHoLson, William E., School Hill, Lewes, Sussex.

1893 Nonrriep, A. F., Rakonitz, Bohemia.

1886 Norris, Herbert 15, Market-place, Cirencester.

1878 Norriper, iphones, Ashford, Kent.

1895 Norsk, Capone C. G. , F.R.G.S., Indian Staff Corps, 5, St. enh, 8-
square, Bury St. ieee

1869 OperRTHiir, Charles, Rennes, France.
1877 OpertTuiir, René, Rennes, France.

LIST OF FELLOWS. xix

1893 + OGLE, Bertram 8., Steeple Aston, Oxfordshire.

1883

1893

OLDFIELD, George W., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 21, Longridge-
road, Earl’s Court, S.W.

OuiveR, John Baxter, 12, Avenue-road, St. John’s Wood,
NW.

OLIVIER, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France.

ORMEROD, Miss Eleanor A., F.R.Met.S., Torrington House, Holy-
well Hill, St. Albans, Herts.

Pace, Herbert E., 25, Casella-road, New Cross, S.E.

Pavuwcke, Wilhelm, 4, Marienstrasse, Freiburg im Breisgau, Ger-
many.

PERINGUEY, Louis, South African Museum, Cape Town, South
Africa.

PERKINS, Vincent Robt., Wotton-uwnder-Hdge, Gloucestershire.

Puitiips, Charles Edmund Stanley, Castle House, Shooter's
Hili, Kent.

Prerce, Frank Nelson, 1, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

Pout, J. R. H. Neerwort van de, /ecrengracht 476, Amster-
dam.

1870 + Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.8., Crosland Hall, Huddersfield.
1884+ PouLtton, Professor Edward B., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G:S.,

1894
1851

1878
1893

F.Z.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of
Oxford, Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford.

Pratt, John, St. Peter's Park, St. Albuns, Hertfordshire.

Preston, The Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., Thurcaston
Rectory, Leicester.

Price, David, 48, West-street, Horsham, Sussex.

Prout, Louis Beethoven, 246, Richmond-road, Dalston, N.E.

1882+ RamspEN, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26, Upper Bedford-place,

1874
1893

1891
1890

1886
1891

1894

Russell-square, W.C.

REED, Edwyn C., C.M.Z.S8., Banos de Cauquenes, Chili,

Rep, Captain Savile G., late R.E., The Elms, Yaiding,
Maidstone, Kent.

Rew, William, Pitcaple, Aberdeenshire.

RENDLESHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, Rend/esham Hall, Wood-
bridge, Suffolk.

Ruopes, John, 360, Blackburn-road, Accrington, Lancashire.

Ricuarpson, Nelson M., B.A., Monte Video, near Weymouth,
Dorset.

RipinG, William Steer, B.A., M.D., Buchkerell Lodge, Buckerell,
near Honiton, Devon.

xX LIST OF FELLOWS.

1853 Riron, The Most Honourable the Marquis of, K.G., D.C.L.,
F.R.S., F.L.S., etc., 9, Chelsea Embankment, S.W.

1889 Roprnson, Arthur, B.A., 1, Mitre Court Buildings, Temple,
E.C.

1892 Rosrnson, Sydney C., Goldsmith's Hall, B.C.

1869 + Roprnson-DovuGias, William Douglas, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S.,
Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B.

1890 Rosson, John Emmerson, Hartlepool.

1886 Rose, Arthur J., Brunnen Lodge, Upper Walthamstow-road,
Walthamstow.

1868 Roruney, George Alexander James, 8, Versailles-road, Anerley,
S.E.

1894 Roruscuitp, The Honble. Nathaniel Charles, F.Z.S., 148, Picca-
dilly, W.; and Tring Park, Tring, Herts.

1888 + RoruscuiLp, The Honble. Walter, F.Z.S., 148, Piccadilly, W.;
and Tring Park, Tring, Herts.

1890 RourLepaes, G. B., 50, Russell-square, W.C.

1892 RussE 1, 8S. G. C., 19, Lombard-street, E.C.

1894 Rye, Bertram George, 212, Upper MRichmond-road, Putney,
So.

1894 Ryxnanps, Thos. Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.8., Highfields, Thelwall,
Warrington.

1885 Saper, Ernest, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lynton House, South Side, Clap-
ham Common, S.W.

1866+Satvin, Osbert, M.A. F.R.S., F.L.S., 10, Chandos-street,
Cavendish-square, W. ; and Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Sussex,

1886 Satwey, Reginald E., Sungate, Hook-road, Kingston-on-Thames,

1865 + SaunpErs, Edward, F.L.S8., St. Aun’s, Mount Hermon, Woking,
Surrey.

1861 + SaunpErs, G. S., 20, Dents-road, Wandsworth Common, 8.W.

1886 Saunpers, Prof. Wm., Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
Canada (President of the Entomological Society of Ontario).

1881 Sconuick, A. J., Boldrewood, Ditton Hill, Surbiton, Kingston-on-
Thames.

1864 Semper, George, care of Bernhard Beer, E'sq., 10, Newgate-
street, E.C.

1862 Suarp, David, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., VICE-PRESIDENT,
Hawthorndene, Hills-road, Cambridge ; and University Museum
of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge.

1883 SnHaw, A. Eland, M.R.C.S., Fakenham, Norfolk.

1883+ SHELLEY, Capt. George Ernest, F.G.S., F.Z.8., 10, Thurloe-
square, 5.W.

1887 Sicu, Alfred, Burlington-lune, Chiswick, W.

1887

1869
1895
1885

LIS! OF FELLOWS. Xk

Sip@wick, Arthur, M.A., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford,
64, Woodstock-road, Oxford.

Smiru, Henley Grose, F.Z.S., 5, Bryanston-square, Hyde Park, W.

Smiru, W. W., Ashburton, Canterbury, New Zealand,

SourtH, Richard, 100, Ritherdon-road, Upper Tooting, S.W.

* +Spence, William Blundell, Florence, Italy.

1889
1890
1862
1837

1889
1896
1895
1882
1884

1894
1876

1893
1892

1886

bo

189
189:

Co

STANDEN, Richard S., F.L.8., Thorpe Hall, near Colchester.

STEARNS, A. E., 99, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde Park, W.

STEVENS, John §., 4, Pope’s-grove, Twickenham.

STEVENS, Samuel, F.L.8., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood,
S.E.

Srraton, C. R., F.R.C.S., West Lodge, Wilton, Salisbury.

STRICKLAND, A. Gerald, Oakleigh, near Ascot, Berkshire.

STUDD, E. F., M.A., B.C.L., Oxton, Exeter.

Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks.

SWINHOE, Colonel Charles, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., Avenue Iouse,
Cowley-road, Oxford, and Savile Club, 107, Piceadilly, W.

SwINHOE, Ernest, Avenue House, Cowley-road, Oxford.

Swinton, A. H., c/o General Callender, Clovernooke, Redbridge,
Southampton.

Taytor, Charles B., Rae-street, Rae Town, Kingston, Jamaica.

Taytor, The Rev. George W., F.R.S, (Canada), St. Alban’s Rectory,
Nanaimo, British Columbia.

THEOBALD, F. V., M.A., Lecturer in Economic Entomology and
Zoology to the South Eastern Agricultural College, Wye Court,
near Ashford, Kent.

THORNLEY, The Rev. A., M.A., South Leverton Vicarage, Lincoln.

TOWNSEND, Professor C. H. Tyler, Las Cruces, New Mezico,
U.S.A.

1859+ TRIMEN, Roland, F.R.S., F.L.S., Vice-PresipENT, 5, Lancaster-

1895
1893

1894
1886

1893

1866
1889

street, Lancaster-gate, W.

TuNALEY, Henry, 30, Fairmont-road, Brixton Hill, S.W.

TurNER, Henry Jerome, 13, Drak. fell-road, St. Catherine’s Park,
Hatcham, 8.E.

TurRNER, Thomas, Cullompton, Devon.

Tort, J.W., Itayleigh Villa, Westcombe Park, Blackheath, S.E.

Uricu, Frederick William, Railway Extension Office, Arimu,
Trinidad, British West Indies.

VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.
Vivian, H. W., Glenafon, Taibach, South Wales; and Trinity
College, Cambridge.

XXll LIST OF FELLOWS.

1895 Wacuer, Sidney, F.R.C.S., Dane John, Canterbury.

1876 WAKEFIELD, Charles Marcus, F.L.8., Belmont, Uxbridge.

1886 Waker, Alfred O., F.I.S., Nant Glyn, Colwyn Bay, Denbigh-
shire.

1870 Wa ker, The Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., Dun Mallard,
Cricklewood, N.W.

1878 Waker, James J., R.N., F.L.S., 23, Lanelagh-road, Marine
Town, Sheerness.

1863 +WatuwaceE, Alfred Russel, D.C.L., Oxon., F.R.S., F.LS., F.ZS.,
Corfe View, Parkstone, Dorset.

1866 + WatstneuaM, The Right Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.LS.,
F.Z.S., High Steward of the University of Cambridge, Merton
Hall, Thetford, Norfolk ; and 66a, Eaton-square, S.W.

1886 Warren, Wm., M.A., 80, Prithville Gardens, Shepherd’s Bush, W.

1869 Wareruousk, Charles O., Ingleside, Avenue Gardens, Acton, W. ;
and British Museum, Cromwell-road, S.W.

1891 | Warson, Capt. E. Y., F.Z.S., Indian Staff Corps, care of Messrs,
King & Co., 45, Pall Mall, 8.W.

1893 Wess, John Cooper, 32, //enslowe-road, Dulwich, S.E.

1876+ WesTERN, E. Young, 36, Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park, W.

1886 WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Paragon House School,
Norwich,

1865 Whurire, The Rev. W. Farren, M.A., Stonehouse Vicarage,
Gloucestershire.

1884 White, William, The Ruskin Museum, Meersbrook Park,
Sheffield.

1896 Witeman, A. E., British Consular Service, Yokohama, Japan.

1894. Witson, Edwin, Cherry Hinton-road, Cambridge.

1894. Wou.u.ry-Dop, F. H., Box 225, Calgary, Alberta, N.W.T. Canada.

1881 Woop, The Rev. Theodore, 23, Broderick-road, Upper Tooting,
S.W.

1894 Woo.r, Michael Yeatman, 1, Marlborough-place, St. John’s Wood,
NEW.

1891 Wrouacuton, R. C., Conservator of Forests, Indian Forest Service,
Bombay, India.

1888 Yersury, Colonel John W., late R.A., Army and Navy Club,
Pall Mall, 8.W.

1892 YoupaLe, William Henry, F.R.MLS., 52, Main-street, Cockermouth,
Cumberland.

1886 Youne, Morris, Free Museum, Paisley, N.B.

( xxiii)

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

Durinc THE YEAR 1896.

ADOLPH (G. a ). Zur Morphologie der Hymenopterenfliigel. 4to, Halle,
883.

[Nova Acta Akad. Leop., XLVI., 2. ] :
Die eipterensigel, ihr Schema und ihre Ableitung. 4to, Halle,

1885.
[Nova Acta Akad. Leop., XLVIL., 6.] The Academy,

Barrett (C. G.). The Lepidoptera of the British Islands.
Vol. Il. Heterocera : Sphinges, Bombyces (46 plates).
Vol. III. : Bombyces, Noctuze (50 plates). 8vo, London,
1895—96. The Publishers.

BECKER (Th.). Revision der Gattung Chilosia, Meigen, 4to, Halle, 1894.
Nova Acta Akad. Leop , LXIL., 3. } The Acadeny.

Bevxati (M.) et Quasar (E.). Sur l'eclosion anticipée des ceufs du ver-a-

sole.
[Arch. Ital. Biol., Tome XXV., Fasc. II., 1896.] The Authors.

Bere (C.). Revision et description des espéces Argentines et Chiliennes du
genre Tatochila, Butl.
Hemipteros de la Tierra del Fuego ecoleccionados por el Sefor
Carlos Buckhausen.
Carlos German Conrado Burmeister. Resena Biografica.
[An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Tomo 1V., 1895. |

Notice nécroligique sur le docteur Herman Burmeister.
{Ann. Soe. Ent. France, Vol. LXIV., 1895. |

Sur la distribution gécgraphique de |’ Ophioderes materna (L.), Bsd.

Descripcidn de tres Nuevos Lepiddpteros de la coleccion del Museo
Nacional de Buenos Aires.
[An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Tomo V., 1896.] The Author.

Buanprorp (W. F. H.). On the Genus Dactylipalpus, Chapuis, and two
New Genera of Scolytide from Africa.
Pann. & Mag. N. H., Ser. 6, Vol. XVII., 1896.] | The Author.
{See also GoDMAN (F. D.) and SaLVIN (O.), Biologia Centrali-
Americana |

( xxiv.)

Buanprt (J. F.) et Ericuson (W. F.). Monographia generis Meloés. to,
_ [Halle], 1831.
[Nova Acta Akad. Leop., XVI., 1.] The Academy.

BruNNER v. Wartenwyt (C). Nouveau Systéme des Blattaires. 8vo,
Vienne, 1865.
Ueber die heutige Aufgabe der Naturgeschichte. 8vo, Bern, 1878.
Monographie der Phaneropteriden. 8vo, Wien, 1878.
Monographie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. 8vo, Wien,

Revision du Systéme des Orthoptéres et description des especes
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| Verh. Ges. Wien, 1876. |

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(eax - 9)

MULLER Sohatmes): Ueber ein eigenthiimliches dem Nervus sympathicus

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({xxxi)

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[Nova Acta Akad, Leopold., XVL., 2. |

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THORNLEY (Rev. A:). On some Coleoptera from the summit of Ben Nevis,
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{Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 189%. |

On some Hymenoptera roe eomipiers from the summit of Ben
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(Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1896] The Author.

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WALSINGHAM (Thomas, Lord) and Durrant (J. H.). Rules for regulating
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Some further notes on the genus Terias.
[Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc , Vol. X., 1896. ] The Author.

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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

LONDON
For THE YEAR 1896.

T. On the Heteromerous Coleoptera of St. Vincent,
Grenada, and the Grenadines. By Grorce CaaARLES
Cuamprion, F.Z.S.

[Read Dec. 4th, 1895. ]
Pirate I.

Tue present paper contains an account of the Hetero-
merous Coleoptera collected by Mr. H. H. Smith in St.
Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines, under the
auspices of the West India Exploration Committee of
the Royal Society and British Association. Mr. Gahan
(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1895, pp. 79-140) has already
dealt with the Longicornia collected by Mr. H. H. Smith,
he at the same time giving a complete list of the whole
of the species of that family known to inhabit the West
India Islands. It is not proposed to deal with the
Heteromerous Coleoptera in the same complete manner,
but merely to give an analysis of Mr. Smith’s captures.
The collections submitted to me for examination contain
representatives of seventy-five species—Tenebrionidz
(42), Cistelide (4), Lagriidz (2), Pythide (1), Cide-
meridz (8), Xylophilide: (4), Anthicidze (5), Mordellidze
(4), Rhipidophoride (2), and Cantharide (3). Of this
TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896.—PART I. (MARCH.) 1

2 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

number forty-nine are described as new, with three new
genera. No species of the families Pythide and
Xylophilidee has hitherto been recorded from the West
Indies. The whole of the genera, which number forty-
six, with the exception of Lorelus and the three new
ones, are common to Central America, four (Iccius,
Mentes, Sosthenes, and Conalia) not being known from
South America; sixteen of them, however, have not
been previously recorded from the West Indies: Uloma,
Platydema, Talanus, Copidita, Xylophilus, and Anthicus
are those best represented ; Lorelus is known only from
New Zealand and Japan, and two of the new genera,
Lorelopsis and Menimopsts, are closely allied to it. Of
the total number of species, exclusive of the five cosmo-
politan forms, ten only are common to Central America.
Platydema scriptipenne, Fairm., a well-marked form, has
only been previously recorded from Madagascar (? in
error for Macassar), and Damma Island in the Hastern
Archipelago. ‘Taken as a whole, the Heteromerous
Coleoptera of these islands show a considerable affinity
with the fauna of the north-eastern parts of South
America. ‘The number of endemic genera being very
few, and the endemic species closely allied to South
American forms. It may be noted that several of Mr.
Smith’s most interesting captures were attracted to
“light” at night.

TENEBRIONID Ai.

Epirraavs.
Epitraqus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., x., p. 322
]

(1804); Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,
p: 23;

*)

Hpitraqus evxaratus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, convex, obscure reddish-brown or piceous ; thickly
clothed with short, appressed fulvous or fulvo-cinereous hairs, the
head and prothorax more or less variegated with denser patches of
longer, yellowish-white hairs ; the under surface clothed with fulvo-
cinereous hairs, and (in fresh specimens) with dense patches of
yellowish-white hairs at the sides; the antenna, palpi, and legs
reddish-brown. Head broadly and shallowly arcuate-emarginate
in front, the sides of ihe front rounded and not prominent,

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 8

sparsely, unequally punctate, the punctures finer at the sides than
in the middle; the eyes large, coarsely granulated, and slightly
oblique as seen from above ; the supra-orbital carina indistinct.
Prothorax convex, strongly transverse, narrowing almost from the
base, the sides slightly rounded, the anterior angles rather obtuse,
the hind angles rectangular ; the surface thickly, unequally punctate
—with spaces here and there more finely and more closely punctured
than the other parts,—a narrow space down the middle behind
impunctate. LElytra moderately long, wider than the prothorax,
rapidly narrowing from about the middle, the apices somewhat
pointed : with rows of moderately fine punctures placed in rather
broad shallow grooves, which become obsolete towards the apex ;
the interstices convex, sparsely, minutely, irregularly punctate.
Beneath somewhat thickly punctate; prosternal process lanci-
form, horizontal, and received by the short V-shaped mesosternum.
Length 73-94, breadth 34-4 mm.(¢ ¢).

Hab. Grenadines—Becquia I., Union I., and
Mustique I.

Numerous examples. Allied to H. awrulentus, Kirsch,
from Central America and Colombia,* but smaller and

* The Jamaican insect referred by me to this species (Biol.
Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 23), and of which I have recently
received some additional specimens from Mr. Cockerell, proves to
belong to another species. The following is a description of it :—
Epitragus jamaicensis, u. sp.—Oval, convex, pitchy-black, very
finely, sparsely pubescent, the pubescence partly hidden by a
dense, mealy, greenish or glaucous efflorescence, the sides of the
head between the eyes, and the prothorax and elytra, with dense
patches of ochreous hairs, which are only visible in fresh speci-
mens ; beneath pitchy-brown, clothed with fulvo-cinereous hairs,
and with denser patches of yellowish-white hairs; the legs and
antenne piceous. Head very sparsely, coarsely punctate in the
middle, the sides and anterior half more closely and more finely
punctured, the epistoma arcuate-emarginate in front, the sides of
the front not prominent, the eyes coarsely granulated, the supra-
orbital carina indistinct. Prothorax transverse, moderately convex,
trapezoidal, the sides converging from the base and very feebly
rounded, the angles acute ; the surface unequally punctured—with
spaces here and there more finely and more closely punctured than
the other parts, and transversely depressed in the middle before
the base. Elytra rapidly narrowing from about the basal third,
somewhat pointed at the apex, slightly gibbous, the disc broadly
flattened and declivous from a little below the base; with in-
terrupted rows of rather coais: shallow punctures, the interstices
flat on the disc, feebly convex beyond the middle and very
sparsely, minutely punctate ; towards the sides and apex with

4 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

narrower, and with more slender legs; the elytra
regularly convex and more finely seriate-punctate, the
interstices more even. From EH. emarginatus and EH.
sallei, Champ., it may be known by the sulcate elytra.

ScH@NICUS.

Scheenicus, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 109 (1866) ;
Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 18.

Schenicus brunneus, n. sp.

Elongate oval, obscure reddish-brown, with a faint seneous
lustre, shining, the legs and antenne rufo-ferruginous. Head
thickly, rather coarsely punctate, the epistoma rounded anteriorly
and prominent, the sides of the front obliquely converging before
the eyes, the latter very coarsely granulated, the supra-orbital
carina sharply defined. Prothorax convex, strongly transverse,
narrowed in front, the sides rounded, the hind angles subrect-
angular, the anterior angles sharp but not prominent, the surface
thickly, rather coarsely, uniformly punctate, Elytra moderately
long, wider than the prothorax, subparallel from a little below the
base to about the middle and thence rapidly narrowed to the apex,
the apices somewhat acuminate ; coarsely seriate-punctate, the
interstices flat on the disc, feebly convex towards the sides and
apex, and sparsely, very distinctly punctured. Beneath, very
sparsely punctured; prosternum abruptly declivous behind ;
mesosternum gradually declivous in front. Length 94, breadth
34 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent.

One specimen. Closely allied to 8. panamensis, Champ.,
but differing from it in its more elongate shape, the less

scattered, irregular, depressed spaces. Beneath, the sterna excepted,
thickly punctured; prosternum carinate down the middle, the
process broad, rounded at the tip, and received by the very broad,
strongly raised, horizontal, V-shaped mesosternum ; metasternum
broadly concave in the middle. Length 10-103, breadth 4-4} mm.

Hab. Jamaica (coll. F. Bates ; Cockerell),

The description is taken from three specimens sent me by Mr.
Cockerell. Differs from 2. aurulentus, Kirsch, in its more gibbous
elytra, smaller size, and more sparsely punctured elytral interstices,
the latter very uneven towards the sides and apex. The sculpture
of the upper surface is almost hidden by a greenish mealy powder.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 5

prominent sides of the front (in S. panamensis the head
is trilobate in front), the more coarsely granulated eyes,
the coarser, sparser, and more uniform punctuation of the
thorax, the sides of which are more rounded, the more
coarsely seriate-punctate elytra, etc. S.oculatus, Champ.,
from the Isthmus of Panama, is also an allied form.
The genus has not previously been recorded from the
Antilles.
Schenicus antillarwn, n. sp.

Oblong oval, obscure reddish- or pitchy-brown, with a faint
seneous lustre, shining, the legs and antenne rufo-ferruginous.
Head thickly, rather coarsely punctate, the epistoma rounded
anteriorly and prominent, the sides of the front obliquely con-
verging before the eyes, the latter very coarsely granulated, the
supra-orbital carina sharply defined. Prothorax convex, strongly
transverse, narrowing almost from the base, the sides very little
rounded, almost straight in one specimen (¢ ?), the hind angles
sharply rectangular, the anterior angles sharp and prominent, the
surface sparsely, somewhat coarsely punctate, a narrow ill-defined
space down the middle impunctate. Elytra moderately long,
wider than the prothorax, narrowing from about the middle;
coarsely seriate-punctate, the interstices flat on the disc, feebly
convex towards the sides and apex, each with a single irregular
row of very fine punctures. Beneath very sparsely punctured ;
prosternum abruptly declivous behind ; mesosternum gradually
declivous in front. Length 83-9}, breadth 33-33 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—south end; Grenada—Windward
side; Union I,

Four specimens, apparently including both sexes.
Very closely allied to S. brunneus, from which it may be
separated by the more acute angles to the thorax, the
sides of which are straighter and the surface less coarsely
punctured, the elytral interstices more finely and not so
closely punctate. The general shape is more oval, the
insect in this respect resembling S. panamensis.

Crypricus,
Crypticus, Latreille, Régne Anim., Ist edit., iii.,
p- 298 (1817).
Crypticus undatus, n.sp. (Plate I., fig. 3.)

Ovate, convex, rather shining; black or pitchy-black, with a
brassy lustre ; the anterior margin of the head sometimes ferru-

6 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

ginous, the two or three basal joints of the antenna, and the legs,
testaceous ; the elytra with a strongly angulated oblique fascia
extending from the shoulder to the middle of the disc, an angu-
lated transverse post-median fascia, widening outwards, the two
connected at the sides, an elongate-triangular patch on the disc at
the apex, excised in front and extending to the suture behind, and
one or two oblong spots on the disc, flavous or testaceous ; the
under surface piceous. Head thickly, minutely punctate; antennz
about reaching the hind angles of the prothorax. Prothorax
strongly transverse, gradually narrowing from the base, the sides
rounded in front, sparsely, minutely punctate. Elytra forming a
continuous outline with the prothorax, obsoletely and very
minutely seriate-punctate to about the middle, the interstices
flat, sparsely, exceedingly minutely punctate. Beneath very finely
pubescent, sparsely, minutely punctate. Legs very slender. Length
3-34, breadth 14-12 mm. (¢ @).

Hab. Grenada—Telescope and Lake Antoine Kstates,
on the Windward side; Grenadines— Mustique I.

Sent in plenty by Mr. H. H. Smith. Allied to
C. maculatus, Champ., from Central America, but
differing from it in the more intricate elytral markings.
These latter vary a little in extent; the two fasciz are
sometimes connected near the suture by a narrow longi-
tudinal line, which extends downwards to the triangular
apical mark. In one specimen the suture is brown.
The antennz usually have the two basal joints only testa-
ceous. ‘The seriate punctures on the elytra are scarcely
distinguishable. The genus has not previously been
recorded from the Antilles. Under rubbish on sandy
sea-coasts (Smith).

OPATRINUS.
Opatrinus, Latreille, Regne Anim., ed. 2,v., p. 19 (1829).

Opatrinus gemellatus.

Blaps gemellatus, Oliv., Ent., iii, No. 60, p. 9, t. 1,
fig. 8 (1795).

Opatrinus gemellatus, Muls., Mém. Acad. Lyon, ii.,
p- 299 (1852); Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1889, p. 421.

Opatrum clathratum, Oliv., Encycl. Méth., viii., p. 499.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 7

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side ; Grenada—Baltha-
zar, on the Windward side; Grenadines—Mustique I.,
Becquia I., Union I.

Recorded by Mulsant from Guadeloupe I., Colombia,
and Guiana. Not known from Central America. Found
in plenty by Mr. H. H. Smith. It has been taken by
MM. Delauney and Vitrac in the islands of Guadeloupe,
Grande-Terre, and Les Saintes, and by the Rev. T. A.
Marshall in Antigua.

CrESICLES.

Head sunk into the prothorax up to the eyes, the latter trans-
verse and completely divided at the sides; epistoma deeply
emarginate in front, leaving the labrum exposed ; mentum flat,
small, widened in front, rounded at the sides anteriorly ; apical
joint of the maxillary palpi subtriangular ; antenne moderately
long, the four outer joints distinctly widened ; prothorax trens-
verse, strongly bisinuate at the base, and closely fitting to the base
of the elytra ; scutellum small, strongly transverse; elytra convex,
oval, obliquely truncate and slightly emarginate on either side at
the base, the basal margin raised on either side of the scutellum,
the humeri more or less obtuse; mesosternum feebly excavate in
front, the sides very little raised ; metasternum very short ; inter-
coxal process of the abdomen broad, rounded in front ; inflexed
portion of the elytra formed eutirely of epipleure, the latter wide
in front and extending to the apex; tibia rather narrow ; tarsi
sparsely clothed with long fine hairs beneath, the anterior pair in
the male with joints 1-3 spongy-pubescent beneath and more or
less dilated ; body convex, apterous, sparsely pubescent.

Two species are referred to this genus. It is allied to
Blapstinus, but differs from it in the form of the elytra,
the broader epipleurz, shorter metasternum, apterous
body, etc. From Opatrinus it may be known by the
- non-trilobate mentum, divided eyes, etc. Also allied,
but more distantly, to Diastolinus, Muls. Both species
live under stones, drift-wood, etc., on sandy sea-shores.

Ctesicles insularis, nu. sp. (Plate I., fig. 2, ¢.)

Oblong oval, convex, opaque above, shining beneath, black, the
antenne piceous, with the apical three or four joints ferruginous,
the base of the tibie and the tarsi piceous or pitchy-red ; above

8 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

and beneath very sparsely clothed with short, rather coarse,
yellowish-cinereous hairs, these being semi-erect and bristly on
the elytra and decumbent on the other parts of the body. Head
coarsely, closely punctate. Prothorax strongly transverse, rather
sharply margined, moderately rounded at the sides, widest a little
before the middle, slightly wider at the base than at the apex,
obliquely narrowed in front ; the anterior angles rather prominent,
the hind angles obtusely rectangular ; the surface thickly impressed
with coarse, round punctures, which are here and there separated
by irregular smooth spaces. Elytra about two and one-fourth
times the length of the prothorax, and a little wider than it,
rounded at the sides, with rows of very coarse, deep, not very
closely placed, foveolar impressions ; the interspaces sparsely
punctate and sharply costate, the cost slightly shining at the top,
the third and seventh and the second and ninth confluent behind,
the second, fifth, and sixth scarcely reaching the base, the first (or
sutural) turning obliquely outwards before the base, leaving a
triangular depressed space behind the scutellum, and connected
with the fourth by the basal ridge ; the humeri moderately pro-
minent. Beneath thickly impressed with excessively coarse
punctures.

¢. Anterior tarsi with joints 1-3 dilated; anterior tibiz
sinuous within.

Length 53-6, breadth 21-23 mm. (¢ 2).

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side.
Seven examples.

Ctesicles maritimus, n. sp.

Very similar to C. insularis ; the elytra more opaque ; the pro-
thorax a little more rounded at the sides anteriorly, the anterior
angles less prominent ; the elytra more rounded at the sides and
with the humeri more obtuse, the disc transversely flattened or
depressed below the base, the seriate impressions not so coarse and
more numerous, the interstices strongly convex at the sides, feebly so
on the disc, the fourth more raised than the others towards the base.

¢. Anterior tarsi with joint 1 feebly and 2 and 3 more broadly
dilated ; anterior tibie sinuous within.

Length 43-6, breadth 23-22 mm. (¢ 9).

Hab. Grenada—Telescope and Lake Antoine Hstates,
on the Windward side; Grenadines—Mustique I.

Fifteen specimens, all but two from Grenada.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. a

ScAPTES.

Scaptes, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,
p. 222 (1886).

Scaptes ciliatus, n. sp.

Ovate, convex, black, the upper surface completely covered with
pale brown, whitish, and fuscous appressed scales, which form a
variegated pattern on the elytra (patches of light scales alternating
with patches of dark scales in irregular longitudinal series), and
with scattered, short, semi-erect, hair-like scales,” which are
serially arranged on the elytra; the margin of the prothorax and
elytra fringed with long, white, hair-like scales, the base of the
prothorax also ciliate; the antenne black, yellowish at the tip.
Prothorax short, rounded at the sides, narrowed in front, and dis-
tinctly narrowed behind. Elytra oval, three times the length of
the prothorax, distinctly narrowed in front. Length 4, breadth
24 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—south end.

One specimen. Smaller and more ovate than S. tro-
picus, Kirsch (= squamulatus, Champ.), from Central and
South America, and also differing from it, and from
S. cayennensis also, in the longer marginal cilia of the
thorax and elytra, the thorax distinctly narrowed behind,
and the elytra more oval. It is probable that the S. squa-
mulatus of Fleutiaux and Sailé, trom Guadeloupe, belongs
to S. ciliatus ; their specimen was examined by me some
years ago. Under rubbish in low-wooded land near the
sea (Smith).

P#ALERIA,

Phaleria, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., x., p. 300
(1804).

Phaleria chevrolati.

Phaleria chevrolati, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1889, p. 422.

Hab. Grenada—Granville and Telescope Estate, on
the Windward side ; Grenadines—Mustique I.

Numerous examples, including the typical form and

* Some authors use the term “hairs,” and others “scales,” for
this form of vestiture.

10 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

the var. quadrinotata, Fleut. and Sallé, also a variety with
the elytra immaculate. I have examined one of the types
of P. chevrolati, kmdly communicated by M. Fleutiaux,
whose specimens were obtained at Pont Pierre, in the
Les Saintes Is. ‘The insect is narrower and more shining
than P. dytiscoides, Champ., from the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of Central America. Under seaweed (Smith).

Phaleria fulva.

Phaleria fulva, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1889, p. 4238.

Var. The elytra with a common discoidal patch
fuscous or pitchy-black.

Hab. Grenada—Windward side; Grenadines—Mus-
tique I.

Five specimens of the typical form from Grenada, and
three of the variety from Mustique Island. The type,
from Grande Anse, in the Les Saintes Islands, has been
communicated by M. Fleutiaux for comparison; it
appears to be somewhat immature. In our specimens
the last dorsal, and also the last ventral, segment of the
abdomen is infuscate or black. Under seaweed (Smith).

Ozo.Lals.

Ozolais, Pascoe, Journ. Ent., ii., p. 457 (1866); Ann.
and Mag, Nat. Hist., 4th ser., viii., p. 351 (1871).

Ozolais tuberculifera, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 1, ¢.)

Broad, very convex, black ; the upper surface tuberculate and
sparsely clothed with very short, appressed, hair-like scales, which
are in great part hidden by an adherent, greyish or brown, scaly
coating ; the antennz black or reddish-brown, the two basal joints
usually paler, the club flavo-ferruginous ; the palpi and tarsi, and
sometimes the femora also, ferruginous or obscure foeeeae
Head with the sides of the front subangularly dilated, the space
between the eyes with scattered smooth granular elevations ;
antennz moderately long, joint 9 broader than long and nearly twice
as wide as 8,10 and 1i subconnate, strongly transverse, 10 much wider
than 9. Prothorax very broad, transverse, with the disc gibbous
and the sides explanate, rapidly narrowing from the middle for-

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 11

wards, and strongly bisinuate at the base, the latter wider than the
elytra ; the sides coarsely and irregularly crenate, the anterior
angles greatly produced in front, the hind angles sharp and directed
inwards ; the surface studded with smooth, strongly raised, granular
elevations, the disc broadly and shallowly grooved down the middle.
Elytra about twice as long as the prothorax, rounded at the sides,
gradually narrowing from the middle forwards and rapidly and
obliquely narrowing behind, very convex, abruptly declivous behind,
the humeri acute and directed outwards; the surface studded
with strongly raised, subserially arranged, smooth, granular eleva-
tions, which become coarser and more scattered towards the
suture, and also with irregular rows of coarse, deep punctures,
which also become more scattered towards the suture and are
usually completely hidden by the scaly coating.

¢. Head broadly excavate in front, the sides of the front
strongly and angularly dilated ; the epistoma armed with a long,
suberect, flattened process, which is dilated at the tip, the tip itself
slightly emarginate.

Length 53-8, breadth 34-4 mm. (d ¢ ).

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side ; Grenada—Wind-
sor and Balthazar.

Numerous examples of both sexes. ‘This species is
not very closely allied to any of those from South
America described by Pascoe, or to the Central- American
forms described by myself. 0. elongata, Champ., from
Nicaragua, has a somewhat similar cephalic horn in the
male; but the horn in that species is placed on the
vertex, whereas in O. tuberculifera it arises from the
front of the epistoma.. The smooth granular elevations
of the surface arise from tubercular elevations, the inter-
spaces being covered with a scaly incrustation, which
hides the sculpture and the very short, fine, hair-lke
scales. In rotten wood and under logs (Smith).

ARRHENOPLITA.

Oplocephala, Laporte et Brullé, Ann. Sciences Nat.,

xxil., p. 338 (1831) (nomen przocc.).
Arrhenoplita, Kirby, Fauna Am.-Bor.,iv.,p. 235 (1837).
Evoplus, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 128.

Arrhenoplita suilla, n. sp.

Oblong oval, moderately convex, opaque, testaceous, clothed
with a very fine, short, pruinose pubescence ; the entire upper

12 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

surface closely, very finely punctate. Antenne short, thickening
outwardly, joints 5-10 strongly transverse, 5 wider than 4. Eyes
rather small, emarginate infront. Prothorax more than twice as
broad as long, rounded and sharply margined at the sides, widest
a little before the base, moderately narrowed in front. Elytra
about two and one-half times the length of the prothorax, nar-
rowing from the middle, subparallel towards the base, without
trace of striz. Leg slender, short.

g. Head deeply execayate in the middle between the eyes, and
armed on either side with a long, compressed, broad, subtriangular
horn, the apex of which is furnished with a few fulvous hairs, the
epistoma also with a conical prominence in the middle in front.

Length 2-2) mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Kingstown.

Two males and one female. Three others (all males),
from Guadeloupe I., are contained in the collection of
M. Fleutiaux of Paris. This insect resembles the
European Pentaphyllus testaceus, Hellw.; but differs
from it in having the antenne gradually widened from
the fifth joint, the eyes emarginate, etc., as well as in
its more parallel shape. It has the facies of a Cis. A.
cioides and A. pentaphylloides, Champ., from Central
America, and A, bituberculata (Oliv.), are allied forms ;
the latter has been introduced into France in an exotic
boletus. From <A. cioides, its nearest ally, it may be
known by the single tubercle on the epistoma in the
male, the closer punctuation, etc. Found “in boleti”
in the old Botanical garden (Smith).

PLATYDEMA.

Platydema, Laporte et Brullé, Ann. Sciences Nat.,
Xxili., p. 350 (1831).

Platydema piliferum, n. sp.

Broad oval, moderately convex, opaque ; black or brownish-black,
the suture sometimes paler; the antenne brown or pitchy-brown, with
the basal joints, and also the apical one, ferruginous ; the anterior
margin of the head, the labrum, palpi, and legs ferruginous ; the
under surface ferruginous or piceo-ferruginous; the elytra clothed

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 18

with short, fine, yellowish-cinereous pubescence. Head and pro-
thorax thickly, obsoletely punctate, the latter very short and
rapidly, arcuately narrowing from the base, the eyes widely
separated ; the antenne moderately elongate, joints 7-10 slightly
broader than long. Elytra a little flattened on the disc, finely
punctate-striate, the interstices flat on the disc, feebly convex at
the sides, and obsoletely punctate. Length 63-71, breadth
3-32 mm,

Hab. St. Vincent—Richmond Estate, on the Lee-
ward side, and Bow-wood Valley near Kingstown.

Four specimens. Allied to P. sobrinum, Chevr., from
Central America, but differing from it and the numerous
allied Tropical-American forms in the very distinctly
pubescent elytra, the pubescence being visible even in
rubbed specimens. This character is quite unusual in
the genus, though many of the species when in fresh
condition are clothed with a sort of pruinosity which
soon becomes abraded. ‘The punctuation, that of the
striae excepted, is scarcely visible, except under a strong
lens, and the surface is very dull. In a rotten log
(Smith).

Platydema apicenotatum, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 5.)

Short ovate, rather broad, convex, opaque ; black ; the anterior
part of the head, the oral organs, the antenne, the lateral margins
of the prothorax, the scutellum, and epipleurz ferruginous ; the
elytra each with four sharply-defined flavo-testaceous spots near
the apex—one, very small, on the 5th interstice at about one-third
from the apex, one, slightly larger, on the 3rd interstice, nearer
the apex, one, rather larger and oblique, at the sutural angle, and
one near the lateral margin above this, transverse and equalling it
in size; the legs ferruginous, the tibie slightly infuscate ; the
under surface pitchy-black. Head thickly, very finely punctate ;
antenn extending to a little beyond the hind angles of the pro-
thorax, joints 7-10 strongly transverse. Prothorax acutely margined
at the sides, rapidly and arcuately narrowing from the base, more
than twice as broad as long, almost smooth. LElytra forming a
continuous outline with the prothorax, acutely margined, finely
punctate-striate, the interstices flat and almost smooth. Length 4,

breadth 24 mm.

14 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Hab. Grenada—FBalthazar, on the Windward side.

Of this peculiar little species one specimen only was
obtained ; it was attracted to “light.” In general shape
the insect somewhat resembles P. rotundatwm, Chevr.
In the markings of the elytra it differs from all the
American species of the genus known to me.

Platydema scriptipenne.

Platydema scriptipennis, Fairm., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
187539: Xxx.

Platydema scriptipenne, C.O. Waterh., Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., 6th ser., xiv., p. 66.

Hab. Grenada—Soubise, on the Windward side.

One specimen, agreeing perfectly with the type, which
is supposed to have been found in Madagascar (or?
Macassar), and with an example found by Mr. J. J. Walker
in Damma I.in 1891. Also recorded from India, Siam,
Java, and Macassar by Mr. Waterhouse, who incorrectly
ascribes the species to Chevrolat. The insect must have
been introduced into the island of Grenada. Under
piles of decaying wood on the coast (Smith).

LorELuvs.

Lorelus, Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag., xiii., p. 76 (1876).

The four described species of this genus are all from
New Zealand. The following insect merely differs from
I. priscus, Sharp, in having the penultimate tarsal joint
more feebly excavate above, and the limbs less elongate.

Lorelus brevicornis, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 6.)

Elongate, rather depressed, shining, glabrous, castaneous, the
prothorax and elytra (the suture, humeri, and apex excepted)
suffused with piceous in one example, the legs ferrugineo-testaceous.
Head thickly and rather coarsely punctate, the eyes not prominent ;
antenne short, not reaching the base of the prothorax, moderately
stout, the joints closely articulated, 3 a little longer than 2, 4-8
short, gradually decreasing in length, 5-8 transverse, 9-11 broader
than those preceding, 9 and 10 transverse, 11 short-oval,

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 15

Prothorax wider than the head, truncate at the base and apex,
rather convex, strongly transverse, widest in front, the sides some-
what obliquely converging from the apex to the base, the margins
feebly crenulate behind, the anterior angles distinct but rather
obtuse, the hind angles minutely prominent ; the surface punctured
like that of the head, the punctuation a little sparser on the disc
than at the sides. Elytra considerably wider than, and fully three
times the length of, the prothorax, truncate at the base, subparallel
toa little beyond the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the
apex ; coarsely, thickly, confusedly punctate, the punctures
coarser than those on the head and prothorax. Beneath sparsely,
finely punctate. Legs short, the penultimate joint of the tarsi
feebly excavate above for the reception of the base of the apical
joint. Length 23-33 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Becquia I.

One example from each locality; I have also seen
specimens of it from Guadeloupe, in the collection of
M. Fleutiaux of Paris. One of these latter is labelled
as having been found in the stems of a Cissus, a shrub
allied to Vitis. In rotten cacao-husks (Smith).

LORELOPSIS, n. gen.

Penultimate tarsal joint strongly lamellate, extending beneath
the apical joint to about its middle. Epistoma separated from the
front by a distinct groove. Eyes small, rather prominent, entire,
projecting far beyond the antennary orbits. Prothorax as long as
broad, trapezcidal. Body pubescent. The other characters as in
Lorelus, Sharp.

The single species referred to this genus possesses all
the structural characters of Lorelus, except as regards
the strongly lamellate penultimate tarsal joint and the
distinctly separated epistoma. It has somewhat the
facies of various Goniaderides and Heterotarsides, but
differs from them in the closed mesocoxal cavities,
absence of the trochantin, etc. The body in fresh
specimens is clothed with very fine, long, erect hairs,
which are easily abraded. ‘The elytra are very much
wider than the thorax, gradually widened for two-thirds
of their length, and confusedly punctate. The thorax is
widest in front. The antennez have the apical three joints
widened. Like Lorelus, Menimus, and Menimopsis, the

16 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

genus does not agree satisfactorily with any of Lacordaire’s
groups.

Lorelopsis pilosus, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 7.)

Elongate, flattened above, shining, when fresh somewhat thickly
clothed with very fine, long, erect hairs, which are easily abraded ;
piceous or brown, the antenne and legs ferruginous. Head
thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate; antennse about reaching the
humeri, moderately stout, the joints closely articulated, 3 much
longer than 2, 4-8 short, subequal, 9-11 broader than those pre-
ceding, 9 as long as broad, 10 slightly broader than long, 11 oval.
Prothorax rather convex, slightly wider than the head, as long as
broad, truncate at the base and apex, widest in front, the sides a
little rounded and gradually converging from before the middle to
the base, the angles somewhat obtuse; the surface thickly,
moderately coarsely punctate. Elytra elongate, gradually widen-
ing from the base to one-third from the apex and there more than
one-half wider than the prothorax, abruptly narrowing behind; the
surface coarsely, closely, confusedly punctate, the punctures much
coarser than those on the head and prothorax. Beneath thickly
punctate, the punctures very coarse at the sides, the metasternum
sparsely and much more finely punctate. Length 33-4, breadth
13-14 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side.

Two specimens, one of which is completely abraded.

Menimopsis, n. gen.

Head broad, exserted, slightly raised at the sides above the point
of insertion of the antenne, the epistoma well defined; the eyes
excessively minute, consisting of about eight facets only, lateral ;
the labrum prominent ; the mandibles visible from above, emargi-
nate at the tip; the apical joint of the maxillary palpi stout,
securiform. Antenne very short, about equalling in length
the width of the head, stout; the joints closely articulated,
1 stout, 2 smaller, short, 3-7 gradually increasing in width, 4-7
strongly transverse, 8-11 forming a well-defined club, 8-10 trans-
verse, each very much broader and stouter than 7, 11 short, oval,
narrower and longer than 10. Prothorax short, truncate and finely
margined at the base, closely fitting to the elytra, with a sharply-
defined, projecting, subcrenulate lateral carina. Scutellum short,

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 17

strongly transverse. Elytra the width of the prothorax at the
base, and twice its length, with laterally projecting, prominent
humeri, and a narrow, finely serrate, marginal carina. Legs very
short, moderately stout ; the tibie rather narrow, the anterior and
intermediate pairs slightly rounded on their outer edge, the spurs
short but distinct ; the tarsi 5-, 5-, 4-jointed, short, clothed with a
few long hairs beneath, the basal joint of the hind pair very
short. Cox# narrowly separated. Prosternum declivous and
narrowly produced behind, the apex slightly raised. Metasternum
short. Intermediate coxal cavities closed externally. Epipleurs
broad, extending to the fourth ventral suture. Body elongate-
oval, probably apterous.

The single peculiar species from which the above cha-
racters are taken is closely allied to the genus Menimus,
Sharp; but differs from it in having the antenuw
11-jointed, with a 4-jointed club, and also in the
laterally projecting humeri and shorter legs. ‘The
eyes are excessively minute, smaller even than in
Menimus cecus, Sharp. The genus Menimus contains
numerous representatives in New Zealand, and one in

Japan.

Menimopsis excecus, n. sp. (Plate L, fige. 17, 17a, 2.)

Rather narrow and somewhat depressed, rufo-testaceous, shining,
almost glabrous (probably clothed when fresh with scattered, long,
fine, erect hairs, a few of which are visible upon the head and pro-
thorax); the legs and antennex testaceous. Head with widely
scattered coarse punctures ; antenne with a few fine bristly hairs.
Prothorax strongly transverse, about one-half wider than the head,
moderately rounded at the sides, a little narrowed in front, the
anterior angles obtuse, the hind angles subrectangular, the surface
sparsely, coarsely punctate. Elytra parallel to near the middle and
arcuately narrowing thence to the apex, the apices conjointly
rounded ; with rows of coarse punctures, which become finer at the
apex, the interstices smooth and flat. Beneath very sparsely,
coarsely punctate, the propleurze smooth. Length 2%, breadth
Imm. (¢9;)

Hab. St. Vincent~—Morne-a-Garon, 1,2C0 feet.

One female example. Under rubbish on a damp rock
in the forest (Smith).

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896.—pParti. (marRcH.) 2

18 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

EcHOCcERUS.

Echocerus, Horn, Rev. Ten. of Am. north of Mex.,
p. 366 (1870).

Echocerus mazxillosus.

Trogosita maxillosa, Fabr., Syst. Hleuth., i., p. 155.

Trogosita mazillaris, Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amér.,
p. 125, t. 32, fig. 4.

Gnathocerus mavillosus, Lacord., Gen. Col., v., p. 322,
nota; Woll., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser.,
vi., p. 49; Col. Atlant. App., p. 61.

Echocerus mavillosus, Horn, Rev. Ten. of Am. north
of Mex., p. 366; Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col.,
iv., 1, p. 146.

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Two examples of this cosmopolitan species, which is,
no doubt, of American origin, were found by Mr. H. H.
Smith in Grenada. It has already been recorded from
the Antilles. Introduced into Europe, Madeira, and the
Canary Is.

Iccius.

Iccius, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 147
(1886).

Iecius rufotestaceus, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, flattened-cylindrical, shining, clear rufo-
testaceous, the elytra paler than the prothorax, the eyes black.
Head sparsely, finely punctate; the sides of the front narrowly
dilated, obliquely converging forwards, and impinging on the eyes
behind, the latter large ; the epistoma in one specimen with a small
tubercle in the middle ; antennz short, widening outwards, joints
5-10 very strongly transverse, 11 short oval. Prothorax longi-
tudinally convex, subquadrate, a little broader than long, slightly
rounded at the sides in front, the angles obtuse ; sparsely, finely
punctate. Elytra of the same width as, and about two and one-
fourth times the length of, the prothorax, parallel to beyond the
middle, finely seriate-punctate, the interstices each with a row

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 19

of exceedingly minute punctures. Anterior tibize widening out-
wards, sharply denticulate on their outer edge. Length 3-3},
breadth 2-3 mm.

,

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side.

Two specimens. This and the following species have
quite the facies of a Corticeus (Hypophleus), from which
genus they may be known by the form of the anterior
tibize and by the elytra completely covering the abdomen.
In the typical species from Central America the man-
dibles are furnished with long erect horns in the male, as
in Gnathocerus, Hchocerus, etc. The insects here described
are without these appendages, and they are probably all
females.

Iecius grenadensis, n. sp.

Closely allied to J. rufotestaceus, and differing as follows :—The
head shorter, the sides of the front narrower ; the epistoma limited
behind by a deep transverse groove, terminating laterally in a
rather deep fovea; the antennze with joints 6-10 very strongly
transverse, 5 transverse but much narrower than 6. Prothorax
shorter, much broader than long, and more finely punctured.
Anterior tibiz narrower, obsoletely denticulate on their outer
edge. Length 24, breadth ¢ mm.

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

One specimen, captured on the wing at sunset.

TRIBOLIUM.

Tribolium, Macleay, Ann. Javan., 1825, p. 47.

Tribolium ferrugineuwm.
Tenebrio ferrugineus, Fabr., Spec. Ins., j., p. 324
C78)
Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada.

The cosmopolitan insect generally known as 7. ferrw-
gineum, Fabr., has been recorded by MM. Fleutiaux and
Sallé from Guadeloupe; it is probable, however, that the
Fabrician name has been wrongly applied.

20 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

ARRHABEUS.

Arrhabeus, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,
p. 144 (1886).

Arrhabeus debilis, n. sp.

Moderately convex, shining, piceous or castaneous, the antennx
ferruginous. Head coarsely punctured, deeply, transversely
depressed in front, the sides of the front swollen and moderately
prominent. Prothorax strongly transverse, about equal in width
at the base and apex, the sides slightly rounded and sharply
margined; coarsely, somewhat closely punctate. Elytra twice the
length of the prothorax, arcuately narrowing from about the
middle; coarsely and deeply punctate-sulcate, the interstices
convex at the sides, flatter on the disc, and with a few very minute
widely scattered punctures. Anterior and intermediate tibix
rather coarsely denticulate on their outer edge, the anterior pair
widening outwards.

&. Head broader, with the sides of the front more dilated,
oblique, and extending outwards nearly as far as the eyes.

Length 23-3}, breadth 1-11 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada—Balthazar, on the
Windward side.

Numerous examples. This species is almost inter-
mediate between Arrhabeus, Champ., and Diwdus, Lec.
The type of the first-mentioned, A. convewus, Champ.,
from Costa Rica and Panama, has much stouter and
more coarsely denticulate anterior tibiew, and a very
differently formed head. ‘These characters, however,
become much less marked in A. guadelowpensis, Fleut.
and Sallé, and the present insect. In Dicedus the anterior
tibize are rather narrow, and the sides of the front are
not swollen. A. debilis is smaller and less convex
than A. guadeloupensis, and it has the punctuation of the
thorax and elytra much coarser. From Diewdus punctatus,
Lec., an insect found under pine-bark in North America,
it may be known by the prominent sides of the front and
the wider anterior tibie. A. guadelowpensis and A. debilis
would, perhaps, be almost equally well-placed in Diedus.
In rotten wood (Smith).

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 21

ALEGORIA.

Alegoria, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col., ii, p. 221
(1840).

Alegoria dilatata.

Alegoria dilatata, Cast., loc. cit., p. 221; F. Bates,
Ent. Monthly Mag., ix., p. 182, nota; Champ.,
Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 149.

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side; Grenada—
Balthazar and Windsor.

Numerous specimens. A widely-distributed species
in Tropical America, ranging from Mexico to Peru, but
not previously recorded from the Antilles. A. castelnawi,
Fleut. and Sallé, from the Island of Guadeloupe, chiefly
differs from it in having the punctures of the elytral striae
coarse and distant from each other. Found under the
sheathing bases of decaying banana leaves, etc. (Smith).

ULoMA.

Uloma, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col., ii., p. 220
(1840).

Uloma sulcata,n. sp. (Plate L., fig. 4, ¢.)

Elongate, subparallel, convex, robust, castaneous or rufo-ferru-
ginous, shining. Head very short, closely, finely punctate, trans-
versely grooved in front; the antenne short. Prothorax much
broader than long, transversely convex, a little narrower in front
than at the base, the sides rounded anteriorly and slightly converg-
ing behind, the angles obtuse ; very finely and rather sparsely
punctate, the punctuation a little closer towards the sides and
apex, and with a shallow transverse groove (sometimes obsolete)
before the base, Elytra two and one-half times the length of the
prothorax, narrowing from about the middle ; deeply crenate-
striate, the punctures rather coarse, shallow, and somewhat
distantly placed ; the interstices strongly convex throughout and
sparsely, minutely punctate; the humeri swollen and projecting
in front; the epipleure extending to the apex. Fifth ventral
segment deeply foveate in the middle before the apex.

dg. Anterior tibiz broadly and abruptly widened on the inner
side from about the basal third, concave beneath in their outer

22 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

half, and with a dense fringe of short fulvous hairs extending
from a little beyond the middle to the apex ; intermediate tibize
elongated, fully twice the length of the tarsi, and bowed inwards
from near the base.

Length 74-11, breadth 34-45 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Kingstown, Windward side and
Leeward side.

Ten specimens, varying greatly in size. In the large
well-developed males the thorax is very convex and
more rounded at the sides, and the anterior tibiz are
strongly dilated. Allied to U. levicollis, Champ., from
Central America; but differing from it (and from the
European forms also) in the non-excavate disc of the
thorax in the males, and also in the form of the tibize in
this sex. ‘The fifth ventral segment is foveate in the
middle in both sexes. ‘The variation in size and develop-
ment of the males is almost as great as in some species
of Anisotomidxe. The specimens of this and of the follow-
ing species of the genus were found under bark or in
rotten wood.

Uloma antillarwm, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, convex, rufo-ferruginous, shining. Head
short, closely, finely punctate, and with a very deep transverse
groove in front; the antennz short. Prothorax nearly one-half
broader than long, a little narrower in front than at the base, the
sides rounded anteriorly and slightly converging behind, the angles
obtuse ; sparsely, very finely, unequally punctate, with a narrow
space down the middle impunctate, and with a shallow transverse
groove before the base. Elytra narrowing from about the middle,
deeply crenate-striate, the punctures rather coarse, shallow, and
somewhat distantly placed, the interstices moderately convex, and
with a few exceedingly minute scattered punctures, the humeri a
little swollen in front. Fifth ventral segment deeply foveate in
the middle before the apex.

¢. Anterior tibie# broadly and abruptly widened on the inner
side from about the basal third, concave beneath, and with a dense
fringe of short fulvous hairs extending from a little beyond the
middle to the apex; intermediate tibiae bowed inwards from
about the basal third.

Length 73-81, breadth 31-33 mm. (¢ @?.)

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 23

One male and two females. Closely allied to U. sulcata ;
but less robust, and also differing from it in the more
transverse thorax, flatter elytral interstices, and more
deeply grooved head. ‘The male characters are similar.
The fifth ventral segment is also foveate in both sexes.

Uloma grenadensis, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, very convex, rufo-ferruginous, shining.
Head very short, closely, finely punctate, transversely grooved in
front ; the antenne short. Prothorax nearly one-half broader than
long, a little narrower in front than at the base, the sides rounded
anteriorly and slightly converging behind, the angles obtuse ;
sparsely, finely, unequally punctate, with a narrow space down
the middle impunctate, and with indications of a shallow trans-
verse groove before the base. Elytra narrowing from about the
middle, finely crenate-striate, the ptnctures closely placed, the
interstices flat on the disc, feebly convex towards the sides, and
sparsely, minutely punctate, the humeria little swollen in front.
Fifth ventral segment deeply foveate in the middle before the
apex.

g@. Anterior tibiae widened on the inner side from about the
basal third, concave beneath, and with a dense fringe of short
fulvous hairs extending from a little beyond the middle to the
apex; intermediate tibise bowed inwards from about the basal
third ; hind tibie feebly triangularly dilated on the inner side a
little before the middle.

Length 7-83, breadth 3-35 mm. (2.)

Hab. Grenada—Black Forest Estate and Balthazar,
en the Windward side.

Two males, one of which is considerably larger and
broader than the other. Differs from U. sulcata and U.
antillarum in the much more finely crenate-striate elytra,
the punctures of the striz closely placed, the interstices
flat on the disc; the punctuation of the thorax is dis-
tinctly coarser, and the hind tibic in the male are feebly
triangularly dilated on the inner side near the middle.
The thorax is more transverse than in U. sulcata.

Uloma parvula, n. sp.
Moderately elongate, subparallel, convex, shining ; rufous or
ferruginous, the scutellum and elytra often fuscous or piceous,
the elytra sometimes piceous with the suture and shoulders

24 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

ferruginous. Head finely, rather sparsely punctate, transversely
grooved in front; the antenne moderately long. Prothorax about
one-half broader than long, much narrower in front than at the
base, the sides rounded anteriorly and slightly converging behind,
the angles obtuse ; sparsely, finely punctate, with a narrow space
down the middle impunctate. Elytra two and one-half times the
length of the prothorax, narrowing from the middle; rather
coarsely crenate-striate, the strive shallow, the punctures becoming
coarser towards the sides and finer at the apex, and not very closely
placed ; the interstices feebly convex and sparsely, distinctly pure-
tate ; the epipleure extending to theapex. Fifth ventral segment
unimpressed, Anterior tibie widening from the base, becoming
very broad at the apex, finely denticulate on their outer edge,
similar in both sexes.

4. Head swollen on either side between the eyes, concave in
the middle ; prothorax with a broad and very deep transversely-
cordate excavation on the anterior part of the disc, the excavation
limited posteriorly by a transverse fold, which is slightly depressed
in the centre.

Length 41-51, breadth 13-2 mm. (6 9.)
Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side and Leeward side.

Apparently a common insect in the island of St. Vin-
cent. Allied to U. retusa, Fabr., recorded by Fleutiaux
and Sallé from Pointe-d-Pitre, Grande-Terre, but scarcely
half the size of that insect, the thoracic excavation in the
male deeper and differently shaped, the anterior tibia
similar in both sexes. The colour of the elytra is as
variable as in that species.

ALPHITOBIUS.
Alphitobius, Stephens, Il]. Brit., Mand., v., p. 11 (1832).
Alphitobius piceus.

Helops piceus, Oliv., Hnt., ii, No. 58, p. 17, t. 2,
figg. 13a, b (1795).

Alphitobius piceus, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,
1, p. 156; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1889, p. 427.*

Hab. St. Vincent.

* It is not necessary to give the rest of the synonymy here.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 25

Two specimens. A cosmopolitan species carried
everywhere by commerce. Recorded from the islands
of Guadeloupe and Grande-Terre. I have also seen an
example of it from Antigua in the collection of the Rev.
‘’. A. Marshall.

DoLieMA.

Doliema, Pascoe, Journ. Ent., i., p. 50 (1860) ; Cham-
pion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 157.*
Schedarosus, Reitter, Col. Hefte, xv., p. 42.

Doliema plana.

Cucujus planus, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., ii., p. 94.

Doliema plana, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,
pp. 157, 535*; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr., 1889, p. 428.+

Sitophagus lecontei, Horn, Rev. Ten. of Am. north of
Mex., p. 346, t. 14, fig. 20 (6).

Schedarosus scidarius, Reitt., Col. Hefte, xv., p. 44.

? Adelina depressa, Er., in Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, 1,

pL:
Hab. Grenadines—Mustique I.

One female specimen. A widely distributed insect
on the mainland of America, ranging from the Southern
United States to Guiana. Also recorded from Cuba and
Grande-Terre.

ZOPHOBAS.

Zophobas, Blanchard, Hist. des Ins., ii, p. 15 (1848) ;
Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 103.

Zophobas morio.

Helops morio, Fabr., Gen. Ins. Mant., p. 241, No. 45
(1777); Spec. Ins., i, p. 325; Mant. Ins., i.,
p- 214; Ent. Syst., i, p. 120; Syst. Hleuth., i.,
p- 160.

* For the rest of the synonymy, see Champ., op. cit.
t D. (Pytho) pallida, Say, is incorrectly given asa synonym by
these authors.

26 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Zophobas morio, Kraatz, Deutsche ent. Zeit., 1880,
p. 128; Champ., Biol.- Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 1,
pp. 104, 522; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1839, p. 427.

Ilelops elongatus, Beauy., Ins. Afr. et Amér., p. 164,
t. 31, fig. 9; Chevr., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1852,
p- 638.

Helops nigritus, Oliv., Ent., 111., No. 57, p. 5, t. 2;
fice. 26a, b.

Zophobas concolor, Woll., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,

»7Q

1870, v., p. 33; Col. Sanctee Helene, p. 234
Hab. St. Vincent.

Three specimens, all females, with the elytral inter-
stices a little more convex than usual. Recorded by
Fleutiaux and Sallé, from the islands of Guadeloupe,
Grande-Terre, and Les Saintes. I have also seen speci-
mens of it from Dominica and Trinidad in the collection
of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. Introduced into St. Helena.
lt seems to be almost cosmopolitan.

Zophobas laticollis.

Zophobas laticollis, Motsch., Bull. Mosce., xlv., 2,
pp. 39, 36 (1872); Kraatz, Deutsche ent. Zeit.,
1880, p. 131; Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,
1; pp. 1057 522,4t. 5, fig 14g)

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

One female example.

ANEDUS.

Anzdus, Blanchard, Hist. des Ins., ii. p. 35 (1845).
Anzxdus, Lacordaire, Gen. Col., v., p. 396.

Anzxdus quadrinotatus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, shining, piceous or reddish-brown, with a slight
brassy lustre ; the elytra each with a large spot at the shoulder
and another at about one-third from the apex, the latter sometimes
obsolete, rufous or testaceous ; the antennz pitchy-brown, with
the basal two joints, and also the apical one, ferruginous ; the
palpi and legs rufo-testaceous, the femora sometimes infuscate ;

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 27

the upper surface clothed with fine, semi-erect hairs. Head with a
few scattered coarse, deep punctures, deeply, transversely grooved
in front; antenne moderately long, stout, poker ee a little
milena joint 2 very short, 3 nearly twice as long as 2, 4 longer
and stouter than 3, 4-10 subequal in length, about as Greed as
long, 11 much longer and stouter than 10, Prothorax short, trans-
versely convex, constricted behind, the sides angularly dilated at
the middle and also subangulate near the apex, the anterior angles
rounded, the hind angles acutely rectangular ; the surface exceed-
ingly coarsely and somewhat closely punctate. LElytra about three
times the length of, and much wider than, the prothorax, sub-
parallel or slightly widening to the middle and narrowing thence
to the apex, a little flattened on the disc, very coarsely and thickly
punctured, the punctures subserially arranged towards the suture.
Length 23-34, breadth 13-14 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenada—Grand
Ktang and Balthazar, on the Windward side, and Mount
Gay Kstate, on the Leeward side.

Nine specimens. This small species is allied to
A, maculatus, Champ., from Chiriqui. ‘he elytrai spots
are not always distinct, the posterior one sometimes
obsolete. The genus has apparently not been previously
recorded from the Antilles.* ‘The tibiz are unarmed in
the male. Under leaves, etc.; also attracted to ‘ light ”
(Smith).

PARATENETUS.

Paratenetus, Spinola, Essai Monogr. Clérites, ii.,
p. 116 (1844); Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am.,
Uol., iv., 1, pp. 238, 544.

Storthephora, Maklin, Act. Soc. Fenn., x, pp. 635, 658
(1878).

Paratenetus punctulatus.

Paratenetus punctulatus, Champ., op. cit., p. 545.

Hab. Grenada—Woburn, south end.

One specimen, probably belonging to this species.
The genus has not previously been recorded from the
Antilles. In dry scrubby growth, on foliage (Smith).

* A. delauneyi, Fleut. & Sallé, from Guadeloupe, the type of
which I have examined, is a Cistelid, and belongs to the genus
Iystronychus, Latr.

28 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

CyRTOSOMA.

Cyrlosoma, Perty, Del. Anim. artic. Bras., p. 59 (1830).

Curtosoma herminiert.

Cnodalon Vherminierii, Chevr. in Guérin’s Icon. Régne
Anim., Ins., p. 123, t. 31, figg. 10, 10a; -b
(C. atrum).

Cyrtosoma Vherminieri, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr: 1889; p. 428.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side ; Grenada—Balthazar
and La Force Estate, on the Windward side.

Several examples from each locality. Original recorded
by Chevrolat from Pointe-a-Pitre, Grande-Terre I., and
subsequently by Fleutiaux and Sallé from Guadeloupe I.
In dry second-growth woods, beaten from vines and
bushes, also under bark of a rotten log (Smith).

BLAPIDA.
Blapida, Perty, Del. Anim. artic. Bras., p. 58 (1830).

Blapida castaneipennis, n. sp.

Obscure reddish-brown, the head, palpi, antenna, and legs, and
the lateral, basal, and apical margins of the prothorax, black ; the
head and prothorax dull or feebly shining, the elytra shining ;
beneath darker than above, the prosternum black, the ventral
surface piceous. Head sparsely, very irregularly, minutely
punctate. Prothorax transverse, gradually narrowing from about
the basal third to the apex, parallel behind, the anterior angles
rounded ; very sparsely, minutely punctate. Elytra elongate,
broad, gibbous towards the base, and with the dise flattened and
gradually declivous thence to the apex, the apex of each elytron
very sharply mucronate ; very deeply striate throughout, the striz
finely punctured, the 3rd and 6th near the apex, and the 4th and
5th, and also the 7th and 8th, at some distance before this, coales-
cent ; the interstices smooth and convex. Beneath almost smooth.
Intermediate tibize widened on the inner side at the apex. Length
22-23, breadth 73-8 mm. ( ¢).

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Two examples. A female of the same species is con-
tained in the British Museum; this was found in the

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 29

island of Trinidad by Mr. Broadway. Allied to B. neo-
tropicalis, Champ., from Central America, but larger and
differently coloured, the thorax more narrowed in front,
the elytral strize more finely punctured and the interstices
more convex. JB. pertyi, Cast., from Brazil, is also an
allied form. On fire-wood, and also attracted to “ light ”
(Smith).

ACROPTERON.

Acropteron, Perty, Del. Anim. artic. Bras., p. 64
(1830).

Acropteron quadraticolle, n. sp.

Very elongate, narrow, convex, shining, brownish-bronze. Head
thickly, unequally punctate, the epistoma smoother, transversely
grooved in front. Prothorax convex, nearly one-half broader than
long, completely margined at the base, the sides feebly sinuate—
almost straight when viewed from above; the anterior angles
very prominent but rather obtuse, the hind angles acute; the
surface somewhat thickly, moderately finely punctate, a narrow
space down the centre excepted, and feebly transversely grooved
in the middle before the base. Elytra about five and one-third
times the length of the prothorax, gradually narrowing for about
three-fourths of their length, and thence rapidly converging to the
apex, the apices sharply mucronate and divaricate; rather coarsely
seriate-punctate ; the interstices smooth, almost flat on the disc,
convex at the sides and apex. Posterior tibie similar in both sexes.
Length 15-163, breadth 23-22 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenada—Grand
Etang, alt. 1,900 feet, and Balthazar, both on the Wind-
ward side.

Four specimens. Allied to A. puncticolle, Champ.,
from Chiriqui, but differing from it in the broader and
sharply transversely-quadrate thorax, the sides of which
are almost straight, and the angles very prominent;
the head and thorax are also much more sparsely
punctured. From 4A. chabrieri, Fieut. and Sallé, from
Guadeloupe I., it may be known by the divaricate and
sharply mucronate apices of the elytra, and the prominent
anterior angles of the thorax. ‘Ihe posterior tibiz are
simple in the male. On foliage (Smith),

30 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

MeENTES.

Mentes, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., p. 559
(1893).

Mentes xneopiceus, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 8, 3.)

Elongate oval, very narrow, feebly convex, subopaque ; pitchy-
black, with a greenish-zneous lustre, the antennze brown, the legs
ferruginous, with the apical halves of the femora infuscate. Head
very sparsely, finely punctate; the eyes very large, narrowly
separated in front ; antennze about half the length of the body,
rather slender, joints 1-3 very short, 3 slightly longer than 2,
4-11 moderately elongate, obconic, subequal in length, 4 stouter than,
and more than twice as long as, 2. Prothorax strongly transverse,
much wider than the head, slightly narrowed in front, rounded at
the sides, transversely grooved before the base, the groove ending
on either side in a deep fovea, which does not reach the basal
margin, the disc also feebly transversely depressed in the middle;
the surface sparsely, finely punctate, with a narrow smooth space
down the middle. Elytra elongate, depressed, a little wider than
the prothorax, narrowing from the middle; finely and rather irre-
gularly punctate-striate, the punctures closely packed ; the inter-
stices almost flat, each with an irregular row of punctures, which
are closely placed and very little finer than those of the striz.
Legs elongate, slender ; the hind pair with the tarsi nearly as long
as the tibiz, and the basal joint of the tarsi as long as the follow-
ing joints united; the anterior tarsi slender and quite simple.
Length 54, breadth 1? mm. ( 2.)

Hab. Grenadines—Mustique I.

One male example. Allied to M. fusiformis, Champ.,
from Guatemala.

TALANUS.

Talanus, Jacquelin Duval, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, vii.,
Ins., p. 66 (1856); Maklin, Ofv. Finsk. Vet. “Soc.
Forh., xx., p. 95 (1878); Champion, Biol. Centr.-
Am., Col., iv., 1, p. 321.

Dignamptus, Ldeonte; Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xvii.,
p. 421 (1877).

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 31

Talanus cribrarius.

Talanus cribrarius, Jacq. Duv., in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba,
vii., Ins., p. 66; Makl., Ofv. Finsk. Vet.-Soc.
Bork, <Xx.,"ps 0d

Hab. Grenada—Woodford Estate, on the Leeward
side.

A single male specimen, agreeing with one from Cuba
in Mr. F. Bates’s collection. It has a short sharp tooth
on the inner side of each of the tibie a little beyond
the middle. Scrubby hill-sides, on herbage (Smith).

Talanus insularis.

Talanus insularis, Makl., Ofv. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Férh.,
<x, pve.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward
side, and Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Three specimens (2), probably belonging to this
species. ‘They are less elongate and much smaller than
T’. cribrarius; the legs and antennz are shorter, the
latter with joints 9 and 10 strongly transverse (nearly
as long as broad in 1’. cribrarius); and the elytra are
more distinctly striate, with the punctures coarser. The
male-characters are similar. Miaklin’s types were from
Puerto Rico. Beaten from vines and bushes (Smith).

Talanus ferrugineus, n. sp.

Elongate oval, convex, ferruginous, shining. Head closely,
finely punctate, the epistoma smoother, deeply, transversely
grooved in front; antenne short, thickening outwardly, joints
7-10 strongly transverse, 11 oval, stouter than, and more than twice
’ as long as, 10. Prothorax about as long as broad, the sides rounded
in front and sinuate behind, sharply margined ; thickly, moderately
finely punctate, a space along the middle more sparsely punctured ;
transversely grooved before the base. Elytra moderately long,
about twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually widening to a
little beyond the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the apex ;
deeply striate, the striw with oval, coarse punctures, the sutural stria
very deeply impressed ; the interstices smooth and convex.

82 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

¢#. Anterior tibiz armed with a sharp triangular tooth on the
inner side a little beyond the middle.
Length 6-63, breadth 2}-23 mm. (¢ ¢.)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada—Balthazar, and Chantilly
Estate, on the Windward side.

Six specimens. Allied to 7. guadeloupensis, Fleut. and
Sallé (the types, 2, of which are before me), but entirely
ferruginous in colour, the thorax with a rather deep trans-
verse groove before the base, the antennz with joints
8-10 more strongly transverse. From 1’. subexaratus,
Mikl., from Central and South America, it may be known
by its more robust build, more oval elytra, and ferrugi-
nous colour, and also in having the tooth on the anterior
tibize placed nearer the middle in the males, the tooth on
the intermediate pair being obsolete. Beaten from vines
and brush ; also attracted to “ light ” (Smith).

Talanus levicollis, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, convex, subopaque ; black, piceous, or
fuscous, the legs reddish-brown in light-coloured examples, the
antenne and palpi ferruginous. Head sparsely, very minutely
punctate, deeply transversely grooved in front; antennz short,
thickening outwardly, joints 8-10 transverse, wider than 7, 11 oval,
stout. Prothorax a little longer than broad, the sides rounded in
front and sinuate behind, sharply margined; sparsely, minutely
punctate, almost smooth at the sides, and with a short oblique
groove on either side of the middle before the base. Elytra
moderately elongate, one-half wider than the prothorax, subparallel
to about the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the apex ;
sharply punctate-striate, the strize with oval rather coarse punctures
which become finer towards the apex, the sutural stria very deeply
impressed ; the interstices smooth and feebly convex.

$. The tibiw each armed with a short triangular tooth on the
inner side near the apex.

Length 51-73, breadth 13-2} mm. (4 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent; Grenada—Balthazar, and Chantilly
Estate on the Windward side, Windsor.

Numerous examples of both sexes. This species
differs from all the allied forms in its dull, and sparsely,
minutely punctured thorax. Beaten from vines, bushes,
and dry banana leaves (Smith).

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 33

CISTELIDA.
Losovopa.
Lobopoda, Solier, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1835, p. 233.

Lobopoda insularis,n. sp. (Plate I., figg. 10, 3; 10a,

genitalia.)

&. Elongate, rather broad, black, shining, clothed with
scattered hairs; the tibie pitchy-brown, the tarsi ferruginous ;
the antenne ferruginous, with the five basal joints partly piceous.
Head sparsely, finely punctate ; the eyes very large, approximate
in front ; antennz about half the length of the body. Prothorax
strongly transverse, a little narrowed in front, the sides rounded
anteriorly and almost parallel behind ; the surface sparsely, finely
punctate, obsoletely canaliculate down the middle, transversely
depressed in the centre before the base, and with deep basal fovee.
Elytra elongate, a little wider than the prothorax, gradually nar-
rowing from about the middle to the apex, the apices rounded ;
deeply crenate-striate, the punctures moderately coarse; the
interstices feebly convex, very sparsely, finely punctate. Legs
elongate; tibiz roughly punctured, the anterior pair gradually
widened on the inner side to a little beyond the middle, and
then abruptly narrowed and concave to the apex (appearing
broadly subangularly dilated), the hind pair slightly curved ;
anterior tarsi with joints 1-4, and the intermediate tarsi with
joint 4, broadly lobed beneath. Genitalia: the lateral lobes
slender and moderately long, curved inwards, slightly tapering at
the tip, and fringed with long hairs beneath ; the central sheath
very long and stout, abruptly narrowed at some distance before
the apex, the apex truncate. Length 93, breadth 34 mm.

Hab. Grenadines—Mustique I.

One specimen. More elongate and more parallel than
L. tarsalis, Fleut. and Sallé, from Guadeloupe Island, the
thorax more sparsely punctured, more shining, and dis-
tinctly narrower than the elytra. The anterior tarsi have
the four basal joints lobed beneath. Amongst the
Central-American species it perhaps approaches nearest
to L. oblonga from Yucatan.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT I. (MARCH.) 3

34 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Lobopoda ebenina, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 11, ¢, genitalia.)

$. Elongate, somewhat fusiform, convex, deep black, very
shining, clothed with a few scattered hairs; the palpi and tarsi,
the apical joint of the antenne, and the apices of the preceding
joints, ferruginous. Head sparsely, finely punctate ; the eyes very
large, approximate in front ; antennz about half the length of the
body. Prothorax strongly transverse, a little narrowed in front,
the sides rounded anteriorly and almost parallel behind ; the sur-
face very sparsely and somewhat coarsely punctate, transversely
depressed in the middle before the base, and with the basal fovez
sharply defined. Elytra not wider than the prothorax, moderately
elongate, rapidly narrowing from about the middle, and rounded
at the apex; coarsely and deeply crenate-striate, the punctures
closely placed ; the interstices convex, sparsely, finely punctate.
Legs rather short ; anterior and intermediate tarsi stout, with
joints 1-4 broad!y lobed beneath ; anterior tibiz sub-triangularly
widened on the inner side before the middle. Genitalia: the
lateral lobes moderately long, rather narrow, and abruptly curved
inwards at the apex, the apices obtuse; the central sheath
gradually narrowing outwards. Length 84, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Soubise, on the Windward side.

One abraded specimen. Amongst the numerous
Central-American species of Lobopoda described by
myself, L. ebenina is perhaps nearest allied to L.
tristis ; but itis much smaller and more shining, with
less elongate limbs, the thorax almost parallel behind,

and the genitalia in the male very differently formed.
In the shore-woods (Smith).

LYSTRONYCHUS.

Lystronichus, Latreille, Régne Anim., 2nd edit, v.,
p. 41 (1829).
Lystronychus, Lacordaire, Gen. Col., v., p. 514.

Lystronychus tuberculifer, n. sp.

Oval, convex, slightly shining, dark bronze ; the elytra obscure
reddish-brown with an sxneous lustre, with a transverse rufous
patch on the outer part of the disc—in one specimen reduced to a
marginal spot—a little below the base; the antennz cyaneous ; the
upper surface with widely scattered, long, erect, bristly, black

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 35

hairs, which are serially arranged on the elytra. Head densely,
rugosely punctured ; the eyes coarsely granulated, rather large,
separated by a space not equalling the width of one of the eyes as
seen from above ; antenne scarcely half the length of the body,
the joints from the fourth compressed, becoming much broader
outwards, 3 shorter than 4, 7-10 about as broad as long. Prothorax
transversely convex, nearly one-half broader than long, bisinuate at
the base, rounded at the sides, the latter armed with two blunt
teeth before the middle and two acute teeth behind the middle,
and strongly constricted behind, the hind angles acute; the
surface closely, rather coarsely punctate. Elytra much wider than,
and about three and one-half times the length of, the prothorax,
rapidly narrowing from a little beyond the middle ; rather finely
seriate-punctate, the punctures closely placed ; the interstices flat,
the alternate ones each with a row of scattered tubercular eleva-
tions, the others also with two or three similar elevations towards
the apex, and a few widely scattered serially arranged punctures,
the elevations each followed by a setiferous puncture. Length
74-8, breadth 33 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Two specimens, both attracted to “light.” In the form
of the head and thorax this insect approaches L. (Anzxdus)
delauneyi, Fleut. and Sallé, from Guadeloupe Island ; but
the antennz (instead of being subfiliform) have the joints
from the fourth compressed and widened. LL. scapularis,
Champ., from Central America, is also an allied species.
The form of the antennz resembles that of Xystropus,
except that the third joint is shorter (not longer) than
the fourth.

Lystronychus rufonotatus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, broad, subopaque, piceous, with a faint seneous
lustre, the elytra with an interrupted transverse rufous patch on
the outer part of the disc a little below the base, the legs reddish-
brown, the antenne with joints 5-11 cyaneous ; the upper surface
with widely scattered, long, erect, black, bristly hairs, which are
serially arranged on the elytra. Head densely, rugosely punctured ;
the eyes coarsely granulated, rather large, separated by a space
equalling the width of one of the eyes as seen from above ;
antennee scarcely half the length of the body, the joints from the
fourth compressed, becoming broader outwards, 3 shorter than 4,
5-10 a little longer than broad. Prothorax transversely convex,

36 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

much broader than long, bisinuate at the base, rounded at the
sides, the latter strongly constricted behind, and armed with four
short blunt teeth, the hind angles acute; the surface densely,
rather coarsely punctate. Elytra one-half wider than, arid nearly
four times the length of, the prothorax, subparallel to the middle,
and rapidly narrowing thence to the apex ; rather finely seriate-
punctate, the punctures closely placed ; the interstices flat, each
with a series of slightly finer, more scattered punctures, the alter-
nate ones also with a series of widely separated tubercular
elevations. Length 9, breadth 34 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent—Chateaubelais.

One specimen. Larger, duller, and more elongate than
L. tuberculifer ; the antenne less dilated, and with joints
5-10 longer than broad ; the thorax more densely punc-
tured, with the marginal teeth more obtuse ; the elytral
interstices each side with a row of punctures extending
trom the base to the apex, the tubercular elevations fewer
in number and less raised.

LAGRIIDA.

STATIRA.

Statiura, Lepel. de St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl.
Méth., x., p. 479 (1825).

Statira antillarum, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, shining, piceous, the head and prothorax
sometimes pitchy-red, the basal half of the femora rufo-testaceous,
the tarsi brownish. Head almost smooth ; the eyes large, coarsely
granulated, separated by a space nearly equalling the width of one
of the eyes as seen from above ; antennx scarcely half the length
of the body, the apical joint nearly as long as joints 6-10 united,
very little shorter in the female. Prothcrax as long as broad,
rounded at the sides, almost smooth. Elytra moderately elongate,
a little more than twice the width of the prothorax, gradually
widening to the middle and rapidly narrowing thence to the
apex, the apices sharp and divaricate ; finely punctate-striate, the
punctures closely placed ; the interstices rather convex, the first,
third, fifth, seventh, and ninth each with about ten or twelve deep
setiferous punctures, the setze very long and erect. Tibi sulcate
on théir outer edge.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 37

Var. Rufo-ferruginous or rufo-testaceous; the legs brown or
obscure testaceous, with the basal half of the femora testaceous.
Length 63-73, breadth 21-23 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward and Windward sides ;
Grenada—Mount Gay and Vendome Estates, on the
Leeward side, Balthazar, on the Windward side; Grena-
dines—Mustique I.

Numerous specimens of the dark form from Grenada
and Mustique; two of the pale variety from St. Vincent.
Allied to S. asperata, Champ., from the Isthmus of
Panama ; but with a shorter apical joint to the antennx
in the male, the femora with their basal half pale, and
the elytra more deeply punctate-striate, the setiferous
impressions not preceded by a tubercle. The setiferous
punctures vary in number and position. SS. fulva, Fleut.
and Sallé, from Guadeloupe I., has ungrooved tibia, and
also differs in other respects from the present insect.
Beaten from vines, herbage, etc.; also attracted to
“ light”? (Smith).

Statira vittata, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 9, 6.)

Moderately elongate, faintly shining ; testaceous, the eyes and
the elytra black, the latter each with a very broad, slightly oblique,
flavo-testaceous stripe on the disc— extending from the base to near
the apex, and nearly or quite reaching the suture behind. Head
almost smooth; the eyes large, coarsely granulated, separated by a
space nearly equalling the width of one of the eyes as seen from
above ; antennze moderately long in the male, a little shorter in
the female, the apical joint in both sexes slightly longer than 9 and
10 united. Prothorax a little wider than the head, as broad as
long, rounded at the sides, sharply margined at the base, and with
acute hind angles ; the surface with a few scattered very minute
punctures. Elytra moderately elongate, rapidly narrowing from a
little beyond the middle ; finely punctate-striate, the punctures
closely placed ; the interstices rather convex, the third with about
eight, the fifth with three or four, the seventh with one (at the
shoulder), and the ninth with three or four (towards the apex),
setiferous punctures. Length 63-81, breadth 2-2 mm. (¢ @.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenadines—
Mustique I. ia

38 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Numerous examples. Allied to S. conspicillata and
S. pulchella, Mikl., from Central America, but very
differently coloured. ‘The thorax is without marginal
carina, and the tibiz are ungrooved on their outer edge.
There is very little difference in the form of the antennz
in the sexes, those of the female being merely a little
shorter.

PYTHIDA.

SosTHENES.

Sosthenes, Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv, 2,
p. 106 (1889).

Sosthenes parvulus, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather depressed, very shining, glabrous ;
greenish-zeneous, the humeri indeterminately brownish, the
labrum, oral organs, legs, and antenne testaceous, the latter with
the apical three joints piceous. Head very broad and short,
sparsely, finely punctate ; the eyes prominent, coarsely granulated ;
antenne short, scarcely reaching the base of the prothorax, slender,
the apical three joints widened and forming a loose club, 9 and 10
transverse. Prothorax as wide as the head including the eyes,
transversely cordate, much narrower at the base than at the apex ;
somewhat coarsely and moderately closely punctate, the punctures
becoming coarser and more crowded at the sides. Elytra a little
more than twice the length of the prothorax, and slightly wider
than it, truncate in front, subparallel to the middle and arcuately
narrowing thence to the apex, deeply transversely depressed below
the base, the basal portion, except along the suture, appearing
transversely swollen ; finely punctate to a little beyond the middle,
the punctuation close and confusedly arranged near the suture,
becoming denser at the base, scattered and subseriately arranged
towards the sides, and completely obsolete on the declivous apical
portion. Beneath with scattered punctures on the abdomen and
metasternum, those on the latter coarse, the prosternum and pro-
pleur very coarsely punctured. Length 13} mm.

Hab. Grenada—Grand Etang, on the Windward side,
1,900 feet.

A single specimen. In its structural characters this
minute species agrees with the type of the genus,
S. dychirioides, Champ., from Guatemala, from which it

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 39

differs in its depressed form, more prominent eyes, more
slender antenne, etc. ‘J‘he elytra have a deep transverse
depression below the base, as in various species of
Salpingus, Anthicus, ete. An allied undescribed form
from Guadeloupe is contained in the collection of
M. Fleutiaux of Paris. Beaten from bushes in the
forest (Smith).

Gi DEMERI DAK.

OXACIS.

Oxacis, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 165 (April, 1866).
Hypasclera, Kirsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p. 210
(July, 1866).

Owacis simplex.
Copidita simplex, C. O. Waterh., Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., 1878, p. 308.
Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side; Grenadines—
Mustique I.

Six examples. The punctuation of the upper surface
is exceedingly fine and close, and the pubescence is fine
and silky. The claws are angularly dilated within. The
Jeft mandible is pointed at the tip, and the right mandible
is toothed on the upper side before the apex. ‘The
antenne vary in colour from testaceous to piceous, the
two basal joints being always pale. Specimens of this
species have also been collected in the island of Antigua,
by the Rev. ‘T. A. Marshall. The type was from
St. Bartholomew.

Oxacis antillarum, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining ; testaceous, the head
with a broad stripe down the middle, the prothorax with a median
line, not reaching the base or apex, and the tips of the mandibles,
piceous, the eyes black; the antennez fusco-testaceous, the two
basal joints flavous ; the elytra fusco-piceous with a bluish lustre,
with a broad sutural stripe, abruptly narrowed at the base, and the
lateral margin very narrowly, flavous ; the abdomen in great part
piceous, testaceous at the base ; above and beneath rather sparsely
clothed with fine yellowish-cinereous pubescence. Head thickly

40 Mr, G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleopteru

punctured, the eyes very large; (antennz with joints 6-11 broken
off). Prothorax wider than the head, subcordate, closely and
rather coarsely punctate, with a longitudinal median carina
towards the apex, this being replaced behind by a smooth narrow
space, the disc depressed on either side before the middle. Elytra
moderately long, one-half wider than the prothorax, closely and
finely punctate, and with two faint coste on the disc. Legs stout ;
claws angularly dilated within. Length 9}, breadth 2} mm, (9.-)

Hab. St. Vincent—Chateaubelais.

'This insect resembles O. simplex in colour, except that
the head is infuscate along the middle, and the thorax
has a dark median line; itis, however, more shining and
much more distinctly punctured, the punctures on the
thorax being rather coarse, and the pubescence is coarser.
The mandibles are long, slender, and simple, pointed at
the tip.

CopipIira.

Copidita, Leconte, New Sp. Col., p. 164 (1866) ;
Leconte & Horn, Class. Col. N. Am., p. 405.

Copidita costata, n. sp.

Elongate, rather broad, subopaque ; testaceous, the eyes and the
tips of the mandibles black, the elytra with a broad submarginal
pale brownish stripe extending from the base to the apex ; above
and beneath finely pubescent. Head thickly, finely punctate ;
(antenne broken off). Prothorax slightly wider than the head,
subcordate, about as broad as long, closely, finely, very distinctly
punctate, the disc flattened in the centre before the base, and also
depressed on either side before the middle. Elytra moderately
elongate, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, closely, shallowly,
very finely punctate, and with four well-defined coste—the third
abbreviated in front and behind, and the second and fourth almost
confluent behind—the suture also raised and costiform. Legs
stout. Length 103, breadth 2} mm. (@.)

Hab. ? St. Vincent.

A single mutilated example of this species is contained
in Mr. Smith’s Antillean collections. It is, unfortunately,
not labelled with the exact locality, but is probably from
his first collection made at St. Vincent. ‘The elytral
coste are unusually well-defined. The left mandible is
truncate and scarcely emarginate ; the right mandible is
bifid at the tip.

SS

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 41

Copidita lateralis.

Copidita lateralis, C. O. Waterh., Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., 1878, p. 307.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward
side; Grenadines—Mustique I.

One specimen from each locality. ‘The insect was
described originally from San Domingo and Jamaica.
Attracted to “light” (Smith).

Copidita tenella.

Copidita tenella, C. O. Waterh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1878, p. 307.

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side.

One specimen. Described from the island of
St. Thomas. ‘lhe mandibles are feebly bifid at the tip.

Copidita quadrilineata, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 12.)

Moderately elongate, rather narrow, subopaque; pale flavous,
the eyes black ; the elytra slate-coloured, with the sutural and
lateral margins, the first costa from a little below the base to near
the middle, and the second costa from the base to near the apex,
flavous ; the antennez black, with the basal joint obscure testaceous,
the palpi and the tips of the mandibles fuscous, the legs pale
flavous, with the tarsi and the apices of the tibiz infuscate; above
and beneath rather sparsely clothed with fine yellowish-cinereous
pubescence. Head thickly punctured ; antennz more than half the
length of the body. Prothorax longer than broad, subcordate,
parallel behind, the anterior part as wide as the head, closely, very
finely punctate, the disc depressed in the middle at the base and
also on either side anteriorly. Elytra moderately elongate, more
than one-half wider than the prothorax, densely, subrugosely
punctured, and with three distinct costee—two on the disc and one
close to the lateral margin, the latter rather prominent. Legs
rather stout. Length 7, breadth 12 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent.

One specimen only, probably a male, of this well-
marked species has been received. ‘The two outer cost
of the elytra are more distinct than in the allied forms,
C. frontalis, etc. The thorax is somewhat abruptly
narrowed about the middle and parallel thence to the
base, the anterior half being rounded at the sides.

42 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Copidita frontalis,n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 13.)

Moderately elongate, narrow, the head and prothorax shining, the
elytra opaque ; brownish-black, the anterior half of the head, the
prothorax, and the sutural and lateral margins of the elytra to near
the apex, the former rather broadly, flavous or flavo-testaceous ; the
legs flavo-testaceous, the tarsi, the base of the first joint excepted,
and the apices of the tibia, infuscate ; the antenne black, with the
base of the first joint testaceous ; finely pubescent, the pubescence
partaking of the ground colour. Head closely, very finely punctate ;
antennz more than half the length of the body. Prothorax sub-
cordate, longer than broad, a little narrower than the head, closely,
very finely punctate ; the disc depressed on either side before the
middle, and flattened in the centre before the base. Elytra
moderately elongate, nearly twice the width of the prothorax,
densely, subrugosely punctured, and with indications of three faint
coste on the disc. Legs moderately slender. Length 6, breadth
1} mm.

Hab. St. Vincenu—Leeward and Windward sides.

‘wo examples, probably males. ‘The sutural and
lateral margins of the elytra are of a paler yellow thar
the prothorax.

Copidita grenadensis, n. sp.

Moderately clongate, narrow, the head and prothorax shining,
the elytra opaque ; black, the anterior half of the head, the front
coxe, the prothorax, and the sutural and lateral margins of the
elytra to near the apex, very narrowly, flavous ; finely pubescent,
the pubescence partaking of the ground colour. Head com-
paratively short, closely, finely punctate ; antenne rather slender,
a little more than half the length of the body. Prothorax
scarcely narrower than the head, about as long as broad, sub-
cordate, slightly depressed on either side of the disc before the
middle, closely, finely punctate, smoother in the centre. Elytra
moderately elongate, one-half wider than the prothorax, densely,
subrugosely punctured, with indications of three faint coste on the
dise, the inner one short. Legs slender. Length 53, breadth 14mm.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Kstate, on the Leeward
side. ise

_ One specimen, probably a male. This small species
is allied to C. frontalis, but. differs from it in having the

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 48

legs black and more slender, the thorax shorter, wider,
and less densely punctured. Found on the wing at sun-
set (Smith).

XY LOPHILIDA,

XYLOPHILUS.

Xylophilus, Latreille, Fam. Nat. du Regne Anim.,
p- 383 (1825).
This genus has not hitherto been recorded from the
Antilles or South America.

Xylophilus trifasciatus.

Xylophilus trifasciatus, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am.,
Col.,:1¥.,°2;-p. Lvl tS, tig: 4:

Hab. Grenada—St. George’s, on the Leeward side.

One female specimen, differing from those from Central
America in having the two basal joints only of the antenne
infuscate.

Xylophilus exquinoctialis.
Xylophilus xquinoctialis, Champ., loc. cit., p. 180, t. 8,
fio. 15.
_ Hab. St. Vineent—Balthazar, on the Windward side,
St. John’s River, on the Leeward side.

Numerous examples. Apparently a widely distributed
Tropical-American insect, ranging from the Mexican
State of Vera Cruz to Panama, and probably further
south. Beaten from bushes, also flying (Smith).

Xylophilus nigricollis, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 14, ¢.*)

g. Oval, rather narrow, moderately convex, shining ; the head
and prothorax black; the elytra testaceous, with a rather broad
black median fascia, which is widened outwards and extends for-
wards along the lateral margin, the fascia in one specimen inter-
rupted at the suture, the suture itself narrowly infuscate; the
antenne testaceous, with the basal joint piceous ; the legs testaceous,

* The minute penultimate tarsal joint cannot be shown in the
figures of this and the following species.

44 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

the hind femora in great part piceous ; the upper surface sparsely
clothed with rather long, decumbent, yellowish-cinereous hairs.
Head broad, sparsely, finely punctate, very narrowly extended on
either side behind the eyes; the latter large, coarsely granulated,
and very narrowly separated in front; the antenne moderately
long, rather stout, joint 1 elongate, 2 short, transverse, 3-10 gradu-
ally decreasing in length and increasing in width, 3 twice as long as
2, 9and 10 about as broad as long, 11 long and stout, obliquely
truncate and acuminate at the apex. Prothorax subquadrate, a
little narrowed in front, slightly broader than long, narrower than
the head, thickly, moderately finely punctate. Elytra short, oval,
nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, thickly, somewhat coarsely
punctate. Legs rather stout, the hind femora strongly clavate,
the anterior tibiae bowed inwards towards the apex. Length 2-23,
breadth 3? mm.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Hstate, on the Windward
side.

Two males. Allied to the Central-American X. cineti-
pennisand X. chiriquensis, Champ., but with shorter and
less parallel elytra, differently formed antenns, etc. On
bushes, also flying (Smith).

Xylophilus guttatus, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 15.)

Short and broad, convex, dull ; the head piceous or black ; the
prothorax ferruginous, with a transverse dark brown fascia across
the middle, sometimes divided into three spots; the elytra testa-
ceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, with a common transverse patch at
the base, sometimes divided at the suture, a spot on the outer part
of the disc a little lower down, the sides in front, an angulated
fascia about the middle, and a transverse mark on the outer part of
the disc near the apex, dark brown; the antennz and legs flavo-
testaceous, the hind femora infuscate ; the under surface fusco-
ferruginous ; the upper surface closely, finely punctate, and thickly
clothed with a fine, sericeous pubescence, which is whitish on the
head and scutellum, and on the light-coloured portions of the pro-
thorax and elytra, and brown onthe other parts ; the under surface
also closely punctured and clothed with whitish pubescence. Head
short and broad ; the eyes large, occupying the whole of the side of
the head, rather coarsely granulated, narrowly separated in front in
the..male, a little more distant in the female ; antenne—( 2.)
moderately long, slender, filiform, joints 1 and 2 stout, subequal,
3-10 about equal in length, 3 slightly longer than 2, 11 stout, much

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 45

longer than 10, obliquely truncate at the apex—( @) shorter and
with joints 6-10 gradually increasing in width, ) and 10 about as
broad as long. Prothorax transverse, nearly as wide as the head,
with a shallow transverse groove on either side of the disc about the
middle. Elytra nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, and about
twice as long as broad, narrowing from the middle, and very
obtuse behind, without distinct depressions. Legs rather short,
the hind femora stout; similar in both sexes. Length 14-13,
breadth 4-7 mm. (4 @.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward and Windward sides;
Grenada—Chantilly Estate.

Twelve specimens, most of which are in a bad state
of preservation. ‘The description is taken from the
St. Vincent examples. The two from Grenada are in a
mutilated condition, and one of them has the dark mark-
ings much more extended and confluent, so as to leave
some smal] whitish-pubescent spots only on the elytra.
This peculiar little species is allied to X. laticollis,
Champ., and other Mexican forms. Beaten from herbage
in scrubby forest (Smith).

ANTHICIDAS.

Macratria.
Macratria, Newman, Ent. Mag., v., p. 377 (1838).

Macratria femoralis, n. sp. (Plate I., fig. 16, ¢.)

Elongate, subparallel, shining, brown or reddish-brown, the
prothorax piceous in one exampie; the head ferruginous, testa-
ceous in front, the eyes black, the antennz and legs testaceous,
the posterior femora with a large black spot on the inner face near
the apex ; beneath piceous or brown, the last two ventral segments
ferruginous; the upper surface thickly clothed with rather long
fine decumbent yellowish-cinereous hairs, with scattered inter-
mixed long erect hairs, the under surface also thickly pubescent.
Head thickly, very minutely punctate; the eyes large, converging
in front; antennz slender, moderately long, joints 3-8 equal in
length, 9-11 much longer and stouter. Prothorax longer than
broad, narrowing behind and dilated at the base, densely, finely
punctate. Elytra about two and one-half times the length of, and

46 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

a little wider than, the prothorax, broader in the female, parallel
to beyond the middle, and conjointly rounded at the apex ; closely,
finely, confusedly punctate, and with a fine sutural stria. Beneath
densely, very finely punctate.
$. Fifth ventral segment broadly and deeply excavate in the
middle, the excavation extending from the base to the apex.
Length 33-44, breadth 1-1; mm. (4 9.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Windward side, alt. 1,000 feet.

One pair. This species is more parallel and has a
relatively wider thorax than most of the American forms
known to me; there is no trace of a linear arrangement
of the punctures on the elytra; the hind femora have a
conspicuous black spot near the apex. The genitalia of
the male are exposed ; and from the apex of the abdomen
there projects a very large, broad, spoon-shaped, mem-
branous piece—apparently a modified terminal dorsal
segment, wider than the apex of the abdomen—which
is furnished with two long setz at the apex. Under
rubbish on the banks of a stream in the forest (Smith).

ANTHICUS.

Anthicus, Paykull, Fauna Suecica, 1., p. 255 (1798).

Anthicus sulcipennis, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, convex, black or pitchy-black ; the antennz
testaceous, with the apical four joints, and sometimes the base of
the first also, black ; the elytra with two oblique testaceous fascize
—one before, the other beyond the middle, the anterior one
widening outwards, neither reaching the suture ; the legs pitchy-
black, the tarsi and the base of the femora testaceous ; the head
and prothorax dull, the elytra shining, the upper surface clothed
with a few short fine scattered hairs. Head rather large, convex,
suborbicular, finely scabrous; the eyes large and prominent
antenne moderately long, thickening outwardly, the penultimate
joint transverse. Prothorax longer than broad, much narrower
than the head, strongly constricted and compressed behind the
middle, parallel towards the base, the anterior portion globose ;
the surface scabrous and very finely punctured, Elytra rather
short, twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually widening to the
middle, very deeply transversely grooved below the base, the space
in front of this transversely swollen, except at the suture; the

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 47

surface very finely, rather sparsely punctate. Legs slender, the
femora moderately thickened. Length 24-24, breadth } mm.

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Hstate, on the Leeward
side.

Four specimens. Allied to A. gibbicollis and A. albi-
cinctus, La Ferté, and A. clavicornis, Champ., but
differing from all these in its finely scabrous head and
thorax, and in having an additional fascia on the elytra.
The pubescence is sparse and easily abraded. ‘Tbe post-
median fascia extends obliquely upwards and the ante-
median one slightly downwards, but they do not nearly
reach the suture. On bushes in open places (Smith).

Anthicus trifasciatus.

Anthicus trifasciatus, Fabr., Syst. Hleuth., i., p. 291;
La Ferté, Monogr. Anrthic., p. 189; Fleut. et
Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1889, p. 432.

Hab. St. Vincent ; Grenada ; Grenadines—Mustique I.

Found in abundance by Mr. Smith in various parts of
St. Vincent and Grenada, and also sparingly at Mustique
Island. Recorded by La Ferté from St. Thomas, and by
Vleutiaux and Sallé from Guadeloupe. I have also seen
it from Trinidad. The markings are frequently indis-
tinct or partly obliterated. In fresh examples the elytra
are clothed with scattered, long, erect hairs, Shaken
from heaps of decaying weeds in cacao-orchards, etc.

(Smith).
Anthicus floralis.
pale ahd (Payk.), La Ferté, Monogr. Anthic.,

ae een is, Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. ue a: 279 ;
Quedenf., Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1886, p. 1

Hemantus floralis, Casey, Ann. N. York Nend: Viil.,
p- 683 (1895).

Hab. Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward
side, Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Numerous examples of this cosmopolitan insect were

obtained by Mr. Smith. Recorded from Guadeloupe by

48 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

La Ferté, and from Puerto Rico by Quedenfeldt. It is
omitted from MM. Fleutiaux and Sallé’s list of the Coleo-
ptera of Guadeloupe. This insect has recently been
taken by Capt. Casey ‘(loc. cit.) as the type of a new
genus, Hemantus. One of the characters given for it
in his Table of genera (loc. cit., p. 641) is taken from the
form of the mesosternum, which he describes as “ variable
in extent, becoming subgeneric in weight”: I con-
fess I am quite unable to grasp the meaning of such a
definition.

Anthicus grenadensis, n. sp.

Elongate, depressed, shining, sparsely pubescent ; testaceous,
the elytra piceous or pitchy-black, each with a broad transverse
fascia a little below the base and a large ante-apical spot, neither
reaching the suture, testaceous ; the antenne sometimes with the
outer joints slightly infuscate, the eleventh pale. Head large,
subtriangular, with a few scattered punctures at the sides, the
occiput grooved in the middle; the eyes moderately large and
coarsely granulated ; antenne moderately elongate, rather slender.
Prothorax as long as broad, a little narrower than the head, the
sides obliquely converging from about one-third from the apex,
rounded in front, and slightly dilated at the base; the surface
sparsely punctured, canaliculate down the middle, the channel:
deeply excavate towards the base, the base grooved on either side.
Elytra moderately elongate, about twice as wide as the prothorax,
feebly rounded at the sides, depressed, finely and somewhat thickly
punctate. Length 23-3, breadth 7-1 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Granville, Windward side.

Four specimens. Allied to A. curraz, Champ., from
Eastern Mexico; but much more shining, the thorax
deeply grooved down the middie behind and sparsely
punctured, the eyes smaller, etc. Under rubbish on the
sandy sea-shore (Smith).

MORDELLID.
_Morve.ra.
Mordella, Linneeus, Syst. Nat., 10th edit., 1., p. 420
(1758).
Mordella sexguttata, n. sp.

Comparatively short ; testaceous, the eyes black, the prothorax
with an oval piceous mark on the middle of the dise extending to

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 49

near the base, the elytra brownish or piceous, becoming indetermin-
ately paler on the disc towards the base ; the under surface with
the sides of the metasternum and of the hind cox broadly, and
the first four ventral segments in great part, piceous, or rufo-testa-
ceous, with the second and third ventral segments only in part
piceous; the pygidium in the middle, and the extreme apex of the
hind tibiz and also that of the first three hind tarsal joints, infus-
cate or black ; the elytra each with a small rounded spot near the
suture a little below the base, a smaller one lower down at the
side, a broad transverse sublunate mark at one-third from the apex,
and an indistinct apical patch (visible only in certain lights),
cinereo-pubescent, the rest of the pubescence of the upper surface
fulvous, that of the under surface fulvous or yellowish-cinereous.
Antenne slender, rather short, joint 3 very small, much shorter
than 2 or 4. Elytra rather short, gradually narrowing from the
base. Pygidium very elongate, slender. Length to end of the
elytra, 24 mm. ( ¢.)

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenada—Bal-
thazar, on the Windward side.

Two specimens, one of which is without head and
thorax. This pretty little species is allied to the Central-
American M. flavonotata, M. nigromaculata, Champ., ete.
The spots are entirely due to the colour of the pubescence.
The hind tibizs have a single short subapical ridge, as
usual in Mordella.

CONALIA.

Conalia, Mulsant, Ann. Sci. Nat. Lyon, 1858, p. 313;
Opusc. Ent., ix., p. 55; Emery, Essai Mon. Mord.,
p. 73; Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv., 2,
p- 306.

Conalia ebenina.
‘Conalia ebenina, Champ., loc. cit., p. 306, t. 13,
figg. 20, 20a-—c.

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side; Grenadines—
Mustique I.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT I. (MARCH.) 4

50 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

Found in plenty in St. Vincent. The insect is widely
distributed in Central America. It is easily distinguish-
able by the peculiar sculpture of the hind tibize and tarsi
(loc. cit., fig. 20c) and the extremely short pygidium.

Conalia fulvoplagiata, n. sp.

Short; black, the elytra with an oblique fulvous humeral
patch, the basal joints of the antenne fusco-testaceous, the hind
tibial spurs flavous; the pubescence brownish. Antenne short,
joints 3 and 4 slender, short, equal, 5-11 considerably widened,
7-10 transverse. Elytra gradually narrowing from a little below
the base. Pygidium very short, not much longer than the hypo-
pygium, and not extending beyond the apex of the elytra.
Length, 14-23 mm.

Hab. Grenada—Lake Antoine and Mount Gay Estates,
and St. George’s, all on the Leeward side, and Grand
Ance, at the south end.

Hight specimens. The insect is perhaps nothing more
than a colour-variety of C. ebenina, but as it seems to be
confined to the island of Grenada, it is advisable to
name it.

MorbDELLISTENA.

Mordellistena, Costa, Faun. Reg. Napol., Mordellid.,
pp: 16, 31 (1854).

Mordellistena pallida, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, narrow, rather dull ; testaceous, the eyes
black, the elytra usually indeterminately brownish at the sides
below the base, this colour sometimes extending inwards ; the
extreme apex of the hind tibiz, and also that of the first three hind
tarsal joints, and the oblique ridges, black ; the pubescence fulvous.
Antenne slender, moderately long, joints 3 and 4 short, equal.
Elytra moderately elongate. Pygidium very elongate, slender.
Hind tibia with three oblique ridges—two very short, near the
apex, the other extending obliquely across their outer face from
the middle to near the base ; first joint of the hind tarsi with three,
the second joint with two, short oblique ridges. Length to end of
the elytra, 2-23 mm. (¢ ¢).

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side, and Kingstown.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 51

Hight specimens. I have also seen it from Guadeloupe,
in the collection of M. Fleutiaux of Paris, and from
Antigua, in the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall.
The anterior tibize are very slender in the males. The
peculiar sculpture of the hind tibiz is common to several
of the Central-American species of the genus. The insect
is nearest allied to M. luteola and M. isabellina, Champ.,
from both of which it differs in its much smaller size,
shorter antenne, and shorter apical ridges of the hind
tibiee.

RHIPIDOPHORIDA.

MaAcrosIAGon.

Macrosiagon, Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., iii., p. 462,
t. 15, fige. 3da—d (1830).

Emenadia, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col., ii., p. 261
(1840).

Macrosiagon octomaculatus.

Rhipiphorus octomaculatus, Gerst., Rhipiph. Col. Fam.

Disp. Syst., p. 22; Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc, Ent.
Fr., 1889, p. 432.*

Hab. St. Vincent—Leeward side, and Windward
side.

Five specimens. Recorded by MM. Fleutiaux and
Sallé from Guadeloupe,

RHIPIDOPHORUS.
Rhipiphorus, Bose d’Antic, Journ. d’Hist. Nat., ii.,
p. 298 (1792).
Myodes, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxii,
p. 130 (1818).

Rhiptdophorus (Myodes) sancti-vicentis, n. sp.
9. Black, finely pubescent; the legs piceous, with the first
joint of the tarsi testaceous at the base. Head densely, finely
punctate, broadly concave and smoother in front, obliquely nar-

* The synonymy is given by me elsewhere, ef. Biol. Centr.-Am.,
Col., iv,, 2, p. 356.

52 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera

rowed behind the eyes; the vertex feebly longitudinally carinate
in the middle ; antennz rather elongate, with seven long rami on
the inner side, the rami decreasing in length outwards. Prothorax
densely, finely punctate ; the posterior half of the disc transversely
depressed, the depression limited on either side anteriorly by a
smooth oblique ridge, in front of which is a smooth space. Elytra
coriaceous, finely, shallowly punctate, the humeri smooth and
shining. Abdomen, above and beneath, the first dorsal segment
excepted, sparsely punctured. Metasternum densely punctured.
Intermediate and hind tibiz bowed inwards ; the hind pair broadly
compressed and roughly punctured, rounded externally. Hind
tarsi with the basal joint slender and slightly curved, as long as the
following joints united. Wings hyaline, smoky towards the apex,
the costa piceous. Length 4 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent.

One specimen. This small species is allied to
R. (Myodes) niger, C. O. Waterh., from Central America ;
but differs from it in the flat, feebly carinate, vertex, the
slender basal joint of the hind tarsi, and the finely and
shallowly punctured elytra. ‘The antennz are furnished
with rami on the inner side only, and the specimen is
no doubt a female.

CANTHARIDA.

Horta.
Horia, Fabricius, Mant. Ins., i., p. 164 (1787).

Horia maculata.

Cucujus maculatus, Swed. Vetensk. Ac. nya Handl.,
L787, p- 1095s. 8, fig. 3.

Horia maculata, Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1889, p. 483; Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv.,
2; p. Vl

Hab. St. Vincent—southern end.

One mutilated female specimen, found under a rotten
log. A widely distributed Tropical-American insect, and
stated to be parasitic on a species of the Hymenopterous

* The full synonymy is given by me, loc. cit.

of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines. 53

genus Xylocopa. Recorded from the islands of San
Domingo, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, and Barbados; the
Barbados insect, however, is probably referable to
H. auriculata, Champ.

TETRAONYX.

Tetraonyx, Latreille, in Humb. et Bonpl., Obs. Zool., 1.,
p. 160 (1811).

Tetraonyx quadrimaculatus.

Apalus quadrimaculatus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 1., 2, p. 50.

Tetraonyx quadrimaculatus, Lec., Proc. Acad. Phil., vi.,
p. 344; Haag, Stett. ent. Zeit., 1879, p. 308;
Fleut. et Sallé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1889, p. 433.

Hab. St. Vincent—South end and Windward side ;
Grenada—Mount Gay Estate, on the Leeward side.

Three specimens. Also inhabits the Southern United
States, and the islands of St. Thomas and Guadeloupe, but
not yet recorded from Central America.

ZONITIS.
Zonitis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., p. 126 (1775).

Zonitis lineata, nu. sp.

Elongate, broad, parallel, dull, finely pubescent ; luteous or
flavo-luteous ; the eyes, the tips of the mandibles, the palpi, and
antenne black, the latter with the extreme base of each joint
testaceous ; the elytra variable in colour—fuscous or fusco-testa-
ceous, with the sutural and lateral margins, the apex, and a line or
stripe down the middle of the disc flavo-luteous—fusco-testaceous,
witha darker patch at the base—flavo-luteous, with two spots at the
base and a streak on the dise towards the apex fuscous—or entirely
flavo-luteous ; the tips of the femora, and the tibiw and tarsi,
black or piceous. Head densely punctured, the punctures very
‘fine on the vertex, the interocular space with a few coarse scattered
punctures only, a narrow space down the middle impunctate ; the
eyes large, transverse, coarsely granulated, separated by a space
about half the width of the eye as seen from above ; antennz very
elongate, slender, filiform, joints 2 and 3 subequal in length.
Prothorax a little broader than long, as wide as the head, rapidly

54 Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera.

and obliquely narrowing from the middle forwards ; densely, finely
punctate, a space along the middle more sparsely and more coarsely
punctured. Elytra elongate, parallel, nearly twice as wide as the
prothorax, obtuse at the apex; densely, very finely punctate,
sometimes with indications of one or two faintly raised lines on
the disc. Beneath densely, very finely punctate.

4. Fifth ventral segment broadly and deeply emarginate at the
apex, with a large and very deep triangular depression in the
middle, the bottom of the depression smooth and shining.

Length 14-16, breadth 4-5 mm. ( ¢ ?.)

Hab. Grenada—Balthazar, on the Windward side.

Six specimens, all attracted to “light.” Alhed to
Z. megalops, Champ., from Guatemala.

EXpLANATION oF Piate I.

Fic. 1 zolais tuberculifera, ¢.

2. Ctesicles insularis, g.

3. Crypticus undatus.

4. Uloma sulcata, ¢.

5. Platydema apicenotatum.

6. Lorelus brevicornis.

7. Lorelopsis pilosus.

8. Mentes eneopiceus, ¢.

9. Statira vittata, ¢.

10. Lobopoda insularis, g.
10a. 55 - genitalia.
% ebenina, g, genitalia.
12. Copidita quadrilineata.

13. » frontalis,
14. Xylophilus nigricollis, g.
15s a) guttatus.

16. Macratria femoralis, ¢.
17. Menimopsis excecus, 2.

” 5) antenna.

( 55 )

Il. New and little-known Palearctic Perlide. By Kennetu
JouNn Morton, F.E.S.

[Read Dec. 4th, 1895.]

Prate II.

Azovurt a year ago I attempted a preliminary revision of
the palearctic species of the genus Nemoura, as a
beginning in the direction of increasing our knowledge
of the Perlide. It was then my intention to take up the
genus Leuctra next, but the difficulty of getting materials
in that genus has led me to postpone treatment of it.
Additional material has, however, come to hand in
other genera, and I now submit descriptions of several
new species belonging to Nemoura, Texniopteryx, and
Capnia.

With regard to Txniopteryz, as the description of the
new species will include comparative references to T. tri-
fasciata, it will, with the addition of appropriate figures,
serve to make the latter species better known, especially
as regards the ¢ structure. Albarda’s paper (Annales
de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, tom. xxxii.), dealing at
length with the nebulosa group, taken in conjunction
with the following notes and figures relating to 7’. Rist
and 7. trifasciata, will practically constitute a revision of
the European species of the genus, the only species
excepted being monilicornis, which I have not yet
seen.

The addition of another species of Capnia to the
British list, or rather its separation from the acknow-
ledged C. nigra, is interesting, and a Capnia from
Amurland is also described.

This opportunity is also taken to give a description
and figures of a curious little form which may yet be
found in this country. It was described by Rostock, in
1892, as Capnodes Schiller ; but as the generic name had
already been used by Guenée in Lepidoptera in 1852, the
new term Capnopsis is proposed.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—paRTI. (MARCH.)

56 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

All those entomologists who assisted me with the
Nemoure have contributed help with the present paper.
Special thanks are due to Mr. McLachlan, not only for
allowing me to examine material which may be called
classical, but also for many valuable hints relating to
bibliography.

Nemoura Sahlbergi, n. sp.

In the dry insect, head and pronotum are shining blackish ;
antennz nearly black ; pronotal plate faintly brown on anterior
margin, indistinctly rugose on middle of disc, about same breadth
as the head without the eyes, borders ill defined, lateral margins
receding slightly posteriorly. Meso- and meta-nota also shining
blackish, abdomen dull black. Legs dingy testaceous, femora,
and apices of tibize and tarsi fuscous. Wings greyish, sub-hyaline,
iridescent, neuration pale fuscous, and faintly clouded with
fuscous about pterostigma and x nervures ; in the hindwings the
superior cubitus seems to leave the radius at a considerable distance
from the basal cell.

A species of the avicularis group, not presenting strong cha-
racters, excepting in the appendages of the ¢, which are very
distinct. Broad at the base, these appendages become more
slender in the shaft, and at the apex there is a broad membranous
expausion internally, the chitinized portion forming an out-turned
short hook obscurely two-pointed and inwards being produced into
two long acute spears. Exp. of forewings, 14 to 17 mm.

I have seen a number of examples from Utsjoki, in the
region of Lake Hnara, Finnish Lapland, taken by Dr.
John Sahlberg, to whom I have pleasure in dedicating
the species.

Temopteryx Risi, n. sp.
T’. trifasciata, pars. auct.

Head dark reddish-brown or blackish, antennz blackish, long,
slender, composed of elongate joints, pronotum blackish, the fore
and hind margins sometimes reddish-brown, elongate, narrower in
front than behind ; meso- and meta-nota shining blackish, abdom en

new and little-known Palexarctie Perlide. SWE

dark reddish-brown ; legs reddish-brown, femora and tibiz tips and
the tarsi marked with fuscous. Forewings pale grey, sub-hyaline with
darker clouds, neuration fuscous ; hindwings clearer, slightly dark
at the tips. In the forewings the number of free nervures running
from the upper cubitus to the apical margin is usually two. The
darker cloudings are these: a vague blotch nearer the base, fol-
lowed by a broad median crescent and a narrow crescent, rarely
any evidence of an apical blotch.

In the ¢ the ventral plate is large, elongate, lateral margins
slightly inturned ; apex strongly recurved, its outline rounded and
entire. The genitalia are complicated and the nature of the
various parts uncertain ; two spiniform appendages are sometimes
visible in addition to those shown in fig. 1. Expanse of forewings :
6, 18-22 mm.; ¢, 21-28 mm.

This insect has long been known to Dr. Ris from
Switzerland, and held by him to be a good species, con-
trary to the views of Albarda (expressed in 1889), who
considered it to be a form of T’. trifasciata. It is, how-
ever, abundantly distinct from trifasciata in which the
ventral plate of the 3 is shorter, the apex excised and
less recurved. In the present species also the antennz
are more slender, composed of longer joints, and having
no moniliform joints like those of trifasciata. The
smaller number of free nervures arising from the apical
portion of the upper branch of the cubitus (Albarda’s
nomenclature = upper branch of inferior cubitus of
Nemoura, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1894, p. 574) is
also a useful character, although perhaps not absolutely
constant. It is also noteworthy that in trifasciata
there is usually a dark marking concave inwardly at the
very apex of the wing, of which marking there is rarely,
if ever, any trace in 7. Rist.

As indicated, T. Rist has been found in Switzerland
(Ziirichberg) by Dr. Ris, and amongst Mr. McLachlan’s
continental material there are ?’s which I refer in the
meantime to this species from the following localities :
Albania (S. S. Saunders) ; Pyrenees (Eaton, 10th June) ;
France (Ardéche, May, Fallou; Vosges, 20th July,
McLachlan).

In Britain it is probably generally distributed wher-
ever there are fairly rapid streams. Mr. McLachlan has
it from Haslemere, Surrey (July) ; Rannoch (between 2nd

58 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

and 12th June, 1865, McLachlan) ; River Yealm at Corn-
wood, Devon, 16th May ; and Yorkshire (Dunford Bridge,
18th June). It is the species recorded from Rannoch in
Ent, Mon. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 47, as 7. trifasciata (King
and Morton), and I have found it in May and June in
almost every hilly district in Scotland which I have
visited.

Teniopteryx trifasciata, P.,is no doubt equally wide-
spread, but in this country, and probably elsewhere, it
occurs very early in the season, and is therefore perhaps
less noticed. In Scotland it is very common in the Clyde
district in March, and Mr. King and I found it rather
plentiful at Rannoch in the first half of April last (1895).
The only British ¢ in Mr. McLachlan’s collection is from
the last-named locality (the late Dr. Buchanan White),
but the species is well represented from the Continent :
Meseritz, Posen, Prussia (Zeller, 29th April, 1849; one
of the examples named by Brauer) ; Switzerland (Burg-
dorf, April, Meyer-Diir); Silesia ? (presumably from
Silesia, as the label is in Schneider’s handwriting) ;
Turin (15th and 16th March, Ghiliani), In my own
collection are examples from Bohemia and Switzerland
(Klapaélek and Ris, respectively), all taken in March. All
the British ¢ examples of 7’. trifasciata seen by me have
the wings much abbreviated (expanse 13 to 15 mm.),
whereas Continental ¢’s have usually well developed
wings (23 mm.) although there are evidently exceptions,
one from Turin being short-winged.

Capnia atra, 0. sp.

C. mgra, Pictet, Perlides, p. 321, pl. xxxix. (in
part) ?

Head and thoracic segments in the dry insect shining blackish.
Antenne blackish, legs and setze fuscous. Wings sub-hyaline with
fuscous neuration. In the forewings the basal end of the lower
intercubital cellule is usually acute, or at least much narrowed, and
the anterior margin of the upper intercubital cellule is slightly
curved. Joints of sete short. In the ¢ the large side pieces of
the genital apparatus are broad at the base, upturned, and sub-
acute at the apex, which when seen from above is barbed ; seen
from the side there is usually visible beneath or within these pieces

new and little-known Palzxarctic Perlide. 59

a slender curved process, with a slight projection or tooth on its
under side. The ante-penultimate segment dorsally raised and
covered with minute points. Exp. of forewings, 12 to 17 mm.,
the 2 the larger.

The ¢ first came under notice from Finnish Lapland,
whence it was received from Dr. Sahlberg. It is pos-
sible females were included in a collection previously
received from the same valued correspondent, and were
returned by me as C. nigra. The species was found by
King and myself in plenty on the shores of Loch Ran-
noch in April of this year. Three females from Braemar
(Buchanan White) appear also to belong here; they have
the wings rather abbreviated. The species probably
also occurs in Switzerland, but the ¢ of the pair in
Mr. McLachlan’s collection (Burgdorf, Meyer-Diir) is not
in very good condition, and further Swiss material is
desirable.

A smaller insect, as a rule, in the ? sex than CO. nigra,
and blacker-looking when fresh. The ¢, as faras known,
is full-winged. As usual, the important distinctive
characters lie in the ¢ genitalia, but the points in the
neuration above alluded to should be useful in separating
the ¢ from that of C. nigra, if they are found as constant
elsewhere as they appear to be in this country. A com-
parison of fresh material will, I think, show the prothorax
to be smaller, and with margins more rounded in C. atra
than in C. nigra.

It should be noticed that Pictet’s figure of the neura-
tion of C. nigra on pl. i., fig. 6 (Perlides, 1841), has the
basal end of the lower intercubital cellule comparatively
broad, while in his fig. 4, pl. xxxix., id. op., the condition
is more like that usual in C. atra, the earlier figure
being stated as aberrant in the relative explanation of
plate xxxix. Further, Pictet says the ¢ of nigra is full-
winged. On these grounds some might be inclined to
hold the species above described (assuming Meyer-Diir’s
examples as belonging thereto) as the true nigra. How-
ever, according to information from Dr. Ris (in letters),
male Capniz, practically apterous, are found in Switzer-
land, and from this I conclude that the two species exist
there, and I am inclined to think Pictet may have con-
fused them. The differences in the figures Just alluded
to become therefore of importance, and as the earlier one

60 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

seems to refer to the species now generally known as
Capnia nigra, I retain the old name for that species..

Capnia affinis, n. sp.

Very closely allied to C. atra, and of about the same
size, but as far as can be judged from the examples,
which are carded, more brownish in colour of the head
and thorax, and with wings more greyish and paler
neuration.

The genitalia are also on the same plan as in C. atra,
but differ in the following details: the barbed part of
the side pieces is placed dorsally, so that it is distinctly
visible when viewed from the side, and the slender curved
process beneath these pieces terminates simply without
projection or tooth.

Three males and a number of females from Blagowik,
Amurland (22nd April), received from Mr. McLachlan.
This insect may only be a race or condition of C. atra,
but it appears sufficiently well marked to deserve a
special name.

Capnia nigra, Pictet.

C. nigra, Pictet, Perlides, p. 321, pl. xxxix (in part)
and pl. i. (?). C. nigra, Brauer and Low, Neur.
austr., p. 30 (1857).

Chloroperla bifrons, Newman, Ent. Mag., vol. v., p. 401
(1838), and Mag, Nat. Hist., n.s., vol. 1, p. 89.

For the sake of comparison with the species of the
atra group, a few figures and notes relating to this
species are given. ‘The number of nervules between the
costa and sub-costa of forewings is irregular; one only
is shown in figure 4, but there may be as many as three
about the middle of the wing.

Only limited materials for this species have been
examined. It is a common species in the Clyde district
in early spring (March and April). Brauer’s Austrian
types in McLachlan’s collection do not seem to differ
from British examples, and I have seen similar examples
from Bohemia (Klapélek). Examples from Turkestan
differ so little in the structure of the d genitalia, that at

———

new and ltttle-known Palearctic Perlidz. 61

most they can only be considered a geographical race of
nigra, and females from Mingrelia are large, but other-
wise not appreciably distinct.

All the Huropean males seen by me have the wings
reduced to mere scales, but the ¢ from Turkestan has
effective wings.

On the discovery of a second British Capnia, the
Chloroperla bifrons of Newman required investigation.
Mr. Waterhouse has very kindly compared the single @
type in Stephens’ collection with both species, and is of
opinion that on the whole it agrees most closely with
C. nigra, although the basal end of the lower intercubital
cellule is hardly in the condition more typical of this
species. .As already indicated this cellule is usually
distinctly biangulate and rather broad at the basal end
in OC. nigra.

CAPNOPSIS, n. nl.

Capnodes, Rostock, preoccupied.

Capnopsis Schilleri, Rostock. (Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift,
XXxXvil., p. 38, 1892.)

Generic characters; Hindwings smaller than forewings and
without any folded portion. Sub-costa terminating about the
middle of the wing. No transverse veinlets between costa and
radius, beyond the junction of the sub-costa. Maxillary palpi
apparently with the two basal joints short, the others long ; 4th
and 5th sub-equal, the 3rd slightly longer. Antennz sub-setaceous,
joints elongate, only 3 or 4 at the base shorter, Tarsi with minute
middle joint, 1st and 3rd joints long, sub-equal. Sets very short,
with 9 or 10 joints only (probably only 7 in the ¢ if the difference
be not due to mutilation).

Description : blackish, shining, clothed with short yellowish
pubescence. Antenne blackish fuscous, nearly black, clothed
with short yellowish hairs, with five or six stronger erect hairs at
apex of each joint. Pronotum about same breadth as head, trans-
verse, margins all slightly rounded, a distinct border all round,
disc rugose. Wings greyish sub-hyaline, neuration fuscous. Legs
fuscous with yellow pubescence. Set fuscous. In the only ¢
examined the last ventral segment is somewhat rounded at the
apex, and from either side of it arises a flattened piece; these

62 Mr. Kenneth J. Morton on

pieces converge, and when seen from the side are upturned and
triangular in outline ; superior to these pieces and passing between
the set is a large upturned tapering process (presumably the
penis) which appears to have on either side of it a spiniform
sheath. The ? does not appear to have any salient characters
at apex of abdomen. Expanse of forewings: ¢, 9} mm.; @,
12 mm.

Originally described from near Dresden it has since
been received from Finland, where it has been taken in
several localities by Sahlberg and Palmén. As its con-
tinental range is thus considerable, it may yet prove to
be an inhabitant of Great Britain.

oq"

bo

bo

new and little-known Palearctic Perlide. 63

EXpLANAtioN or Puate II.

Nemoura Sahlbergi, %.

. Apex of abdomen from beneath.
. Apex of lateral appendage from side, internal aspect (more

enlarged).
Apex of lateral appendage from side, external aspect (more
enlarged),

Teniopteryx Risi, g.

. Apex of abdomen from side (from fresh example and much

enlarged).

. Ventral plate from side (dry).
. Apex of ventral plate from above (dry).

Teniopteryx trifasciata, $.

. Apex of ventral plate from above (dry).
. Apex of abdomen from side (dry).

Capnia nigra.

. Apex of abdomen of ¢ from side.
. Apex of penis (?) from side in outline much enlarged

(Scotland).

. Apex of penis (?) from side in outline much enlarged

(Turkestan).

. Neuration of anterior wing of 9, a, 0, intercubital cellules.
. Neuration of posterior wing of 9.

Capnia atra, &.

. Apex of abdomen from side.
. Intercubital cellules of anterior wing.
. Dorsal view of side piece of genitalia (much enlarged).

Capnia affinis, &.

. Apex of abdomen from side.

Capnopsis Schilleri.

. Neuration of anterior wing.
. Neuration of posterior wing.
. Apex of abdomen of ¢ from side, nearer seta removed.

( 65 )

II. On the Relation of Mimetic Patterns to the Original
Form.* By Frepertck A. Drxny, M.A., M.D.,
F.E.S., Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford.

[Read Feb. 5th, 1896.]
Pirates JIE, Ve, & -V.

I. Tae Grapuat Growrs or A Mimetic Parrern.

Iris now many years ago that Fritz Miller published
an answer to those opponents of the theory of mimicry
who made much of the difficulty of accounting for the
first advances towards the formation of a mimetic
pattern.t In the course of this communication he
pointed out (as indeed Darwin had done before him)
that mimicker and mimicked might, in many instances,
be reasonably supposed to have started, not from a
position of wide divergence from each other, but rather
with the possession of some feature or features, common
to them both, which should give material ready to hand
‘or the assimilative process to work upon. The chief
instance relied on by Fritz Miiller in support of his
contention was the well-known mimetic genus of
Pierine butterflies known as Leptalis or Dismorphia.t
The black and yellow Leptalis (Dismorphia) ‘melia,
according to him, was to be regarded as representing
the primitive type of coloration of the genus; and
although it did not itself mimic any other form, it never-
theless showed independently so much of the character-
istic Heliconine colours and arrangement of pattern,
that the complete Heliconine aspect presented by many
of its near relatives could be derived from it with com-
paratively slight modification.

* A preliminary abstract of the present paper has appeared in
the British Association Reports for 1894.

+ ‘‘Einige Worte tber Leptalis,’ Jenaisch. Zeitschr., vol. x.,
1876, p. 1.

¢ The old genus Dismorphia has been divided by Messrs.
Godman & Salvin into Dismorphia, Pseudopieris, Enantia, and
Acmepteron, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhopal. IL, p. 174. Dr, Butler
further distinguishes Moschoneura, Cist. Entom., Pt. iii.

TRANS, ENT. SOC, LOND. 1896.—ParT 1: (MARCH.) 5

66 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

The instance chosen by Fritz Miiller was unfortunate.
A wider view of Pierine affinities than he had the oppor-
tunity of taking would no doubt have led him to the
conclusion that, after all, the original Leptalis probably
was a white or white and black butterfly, and not a black
and yellow or black and orange insect like Leptalis
(Dismorphia) melia. Moreover, the position that D. melia
is not a mimic can hardly be sustained. It bears a very
considerable resemblance to D. ewmara, which is itself
an almost exact copy of Actinote pellenea ; Actinote being
the neotropical representative of the well-known inedible
genus Acrxa. There is little room to doubt that D. melia,
so far from preserving the primitive Leptalis type, has
diverged to some distance therefrom under the influence
of mimicry.

But although Fritz Miiller’s principal instance does
not appear to me to be strong enough to bear the weight
of argument that he rests upon it, there cannot be much
question that his contention in the main is perfectly
sound; and that, as a general principle, the process of
mimetic assimilation depends rather on the development
of old, than on the starting of new features, either of
pattern or of colour.

In order to illustrate this principle, I have prepared the
series of figures shown in Plates III. and IV., Figs. 1-12.
These represent an array of facts that I venture to think
are in many respects of great interest.

Fig. 1 shows the underside of the male of one of the
ordinary neotropical non-mimetic Pierines*, a true Pieris
as that genus is restricted by Dr. Butler—P. locusta of
Felder. The chief points to be observed are in the
hindwing. ‘They are (1), the spots or patches of bright
red which are found at the base of the precostal, median
and internal spaces respectively (Fig. 1, a, c,d); (2) a
well-defined yellow streak (e) occupying the costal space ;
(3) a pale central area (f), in many specimens yellowish,
occupying the region of the cell and the adjacent portion
of the wing, especially. towards the internal border ;
(4) a dark shade (h, 7) on the anal and costal sides
respectively of the pale central area. The present
species happens to be a rather heavily coloured member
of its group, but in other species of the same genus

* See below, p. 72, note.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 67

Pieris we get a great lightening of the general tone of
colour, without however losing the essential features now
referred to. In P. phaloe for instance, also a non-
mimetic Pieris from the same neotropical region, we have
as it were an attenuated and washed-out version. of the
scheme of marking seen on the hindwing of P. locusta.
Here (Fig. 2) are visible the same basal red patches,
though now confined to the precostal and internal spaces ;
the same pale costal streak and central area, now in most
specimens white rather than yellow; and on either side
of the latter the same two dark shades, now reduced to
a pair of brownish streaks. From either of these types
to the well-known Heliconine form here represented by
Heliconius numata (Fig. 11), seems a sufficiently long
step; nor is it at first sight apparent that there is any-
thing in common between the former and the latter
schemes of coloration. Nevertheless, while it will be
allowed on the one hand that the female of Mylothris
pyrrha (Figs. 9, 10) presents a very good imitation of
HT. numata, it can be shown on the other hand that this
last-named Pierine owes its mimetic features to a simple
development of characters already possessed by the
other Pierine forms just spoken of, to which it is closely
allied.

In order to make this apparent, it will be necessary to
refer to some of the other neotropical species of the
same genus Mylothris. This interesting httle group,
comprising besides M. pyrrha the closely related M.
malenka, M. lypera, and M. lorena, has been more than
once spoken of by Mr. Wallace* as affording an instance
of mimetic females associated with males of the ordinary
white type of Pierine coloration. It is quite true that
all the males throughout the group exhibit on their upper
surfaces nothing but the ordmary white character; Mr.
Wallace, however, does not mention the curious fact
that the same males universally show on the under
surface, though in varying degrees, an approach towards
the Heliconine pattern that is so completely imitated
by their mates. These partially developed features on
the under surface of the males enable us to trace the
history of the growth of the mimetic pattern.

Let us take the underside of the male of Mylothris

* “Tropical Nature,” 1878, p. 204 ; “ Darwinism,” 1889, p. 271.

68 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

lypera (Fig. 3), and compare it with that of Pieris locusta.
‘here is no difficulty in identifying the principal markings
as before enumerated. The yellow costal streak and
central area (e, f) and the anterior and posterior dark
shades (h, 7) are present in MV. lypera as in P. locusta, all
occupying the same relative positions; the precostal red
however has disappeared, and the internal and median
touches of the same colour have united and prolonged them -
selves into a triangular streak reaching about a third of
the way across the wing (cd). A small dark area (9),
which in P. locusta lies immediately posterior to the internal
red patch, hasin MM. lypera extended itself in the same
direction with the extension of the patch, and has, beyond
the outer extremity of the latter, united with the anterior
dark area (i) in such a way as to completely surround the
red patch with a distinct region of black. All the areas
somewhat vaguely indicated in P. locusta have in M,
lypera acquired a distinct and definite character with
sharply-marked, clear-cut borders. There is no doubt
of the homology of the markings in the two cases, nor
does the change from one to the other deserve to be
called either violent or abrupt.

The underside of the male of MW. lorena (Vig. 4) takes
us a step onward. Here are exactly the same features,
but with a further development along the same lines.
The red patch has now become a definite streak reaching
half-way across the wing, but still bears the same rela-
tion to the anterior dark area. ‘The costal streak and
central area have undergone a similar elongation, and in
this instance are much paler in colour. The whole aspect
perhaps recalls that of P. phaloe rather than that of P.
locusta, and the correspondence with the former insect
is still further borne out by the presence of a diagonal
dark streak (/) in the forewing, part of which is indicated
in P. phaloe, uniting the costal with the posterior or
outer margin.

The general streakiness of the male of MW. lorena is
preserved or enhanced in the male of M. pyrrha (Fig. 5).
‘There is in this case no diagonal dark band crossing the
forewing, but the red streak of the hindwing acquires
additional distinctness and importance, while the banded
appearance is further increased by a slight change in the
disposition of the enveloping black.

As far as the hindwing is concerned, we have now

Mimetic Patterns to the Original orm. 69

all but reached the complete mimetic condition of
M. pyrrha 2 (Figs. 9,10). The only thing still wanting
is an infusion of more or less brownish red into the pale
yellow or orange of the costal and central streaks. It is
observable that even in the female J. pyrrha the assi-
milation between the old red of the basal patch and the
new red of the costal and central areas is not quite per-
fect, the former always retaining on the under surface a
more vigorous and decided tint than the latter (see
Hise Oye, cd,f ). :;

With regard to the forewing, there is no doubt a con-
siderable interval between the male and female of
M. pyrrha. An inspection, however, of the female of
M. lorena and M. malenka (Figs. 6, 7, 8), enables us to
see how it may be bridged over. Comparing the sexes
of M. lorena (Figs. 4, 6, 7), we find that their patterns
are identical in the main features, though the female has
an additional dark streak in the forewing (/) running
parallel with the inner border. The central pale area of
the hindwing has also in the female almost or entirely
disappeared from the lower surface, while the other
spaces on both wings which in the male are white or
very pale yellow, assume in the female a deeper yellow,
warming towards the base of the wing to an orange or
brownish red. These changes, comparatively slight as
they are, are sufficient to give the female M. lorena, a
decidedly Heliconine aspect. ‘They point out, moreover,
the manner in which the still more completely Heliconine
facies of M. malenka ? (Fig. 8) and M. pyrrha ¢
(Figs. 9, 10) may grow naturally out of the Pierine
materials already noticed. A very close comparison of
M. pyrrha with H. numata (Figs. 10, 11) will indeed
show that the correspondence of markings is not abso-
lutely perfect in every particular; nevertheless, the
general effect is marvellously alike, and if assisted by
similarity in habits and mode of flight, must be amply
sufficient for all practical purposes of protection to the
Mylothris.

Looking at this series as a whole, and bearing in mind
that it would be possible to include other forms * which
would render the gradation still easier than is shown

® For example, P, marana and M. lypera ¢.

70 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

here, we cannot, I think, feel any doubt that it is sufh-
cient to demonstrate the possibility of the formation of a
practically perfect mimetic pattern from the crdinary
form of a quite distinct type, without any violent or
abrupt changes of design. It does not, indeed, lend any
support to the view that mimicry can only originate
between forms that already possess considerable and
obvious resemblance to one another, nor does it coun-
tenance the opinion that mimetic changes are effected
per saltum. What the series of forms here figured does
show is that, granted a beginning however small, such as
the basal red touches in the normal Pierines, an elaborate
and practically perfect mimetic pattern may be evolved
therefrom by simple and easy stages.

II. Sexuat Dimorrnism in Mimetic Forms.

There remains, in regard to the foregoing series, a
question of great interest ; namely, what is the meaning
of the diversity between the sexes in these more or less
completely mimetic forms? Why should the oue sex
have advanced so much further along the mimetic path
than the other? It is no doubt the case that the females
stand in greater need of protection than the males, but
to say this still leaves several questions unanswered.
Are we right in regarding the male patterns as perpetu-
ating stages through which the other sex has also
passed in order to reach its present state of mimetic
completeness, or are we to suppose that the selection by
enemies has affected only the female sex, and that the
patterns seen on the malesare merely an incidental result
of heredity, beimg, in fact, a secondary version of the
female pattern transmitted in a weaker form? In either
case, what has checked the further development of
mimicry in the male? Is this imperfect development
simply a passive result of the absence of necessity for
change, or is there some active force at work preventing a
further modification ? It is well known that an explana-
tion of a somewhat similar case has been sought in the
p?inciple of sexual selection ; the females, it was suggested,
as the more conservative sex, preferring in their mates the
ancestral type of coloration of the group.* Mr. Wallace,

* Belt, “ Naturalist in Nicaragua,” Ed. 1888, p. 385.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. (il

on the other hand, points out that in the Pierine group
before us the habits of the two sexes are different; that
whereas the females haunt the forest glades in company
with the Heliconii, the males congregate and fly in the
open with other species of white butterflies, among whom
a reddish or brownish insect would be especially con-
spicuous, and would be very hable to experimental
tasting.* This fact would seem to supply an active check
on the development of the pattern in the male, but it
still leaves undetermined the meaning of so much of
the Heliconine colouring as does exist, and of this
Mr. Wallace has offered no explanation.

I am myself inclined to think that however much it
may be to the advantage of these male forms to be taken
under some circumstances for white butterflies of the
ordinary kind, yet there must be times and occasions—
probably while the insect is at rest and settled—when
the partial mimicry of the underside comes into play, and
tends to afford protection. An instance in support of
this view exists in Hesperocharis hirlanda (Fig. 12).
This insect, like the males of those that have just been
considered, is on the upper surface an ordinary white
butterfly of the usuel kind; the lower surface, however,
presents an incipient mimetic pattern of a like degree of
development with those of Mylothris. lorena $ and
M. pyrrha 5. ‘This can be no feeble reflection of a
mimetic pattern complete in the female, for the sexes of
H. hirlanda hardly differ; moreover H. hirlanda, with
one or two other forms probably not specifically distinct
from it, is the only species of its genus which shows any
approach towards a mimetic coloration. ‘I'he mimicry,
slight as it is, must therefore, it would seem, be of some
service, as otherwise it would in this case be meaning-
less; and if this be so with H. hirlanda, it is reasonable
to suppose that whatever amount of protection such an
approach to the Heliconine pattern confers, is also shared
by the males of Mylothris.

A further point of interest that arises in connection
with H. hirlanda is this—that a mimetic effect which
generally resembles that of M. nyrrha 4, is here reached
by different means. Hesperocharis, like Mylothris, starts
no doubt from a regular Pierine form, such as that

* “ Tropical Nature,” 1878, p. 205.

72 Dr. F, A. Dixey on the Relation of
exhibited by P. phaloe; but whereas in Mylothris the

main red streak of the hindwing arises from the internal
and median basal red, and js ceutral (Fig. 5, cd), in
Hesperocharis it results from a development of the pre-
costal and costal red patches, and occupies the correspond-
ing regions of the wing (Fig. 12, a, b). The precostal
red is undeveloped in Mylothris, and the median red is
undeveloped in Hesperocharis. One result of this
is that in the latter form the relative position of the main
yellow and red streaks is reversed; notwithstanding
which the general resemblance to Mylothris is consider-
able, and the difference would very probably remain
undetected by many insectivorous animals. ‘I'he present
point has already been noticed by me elsewhere.* I draw
attention to it here simply because it affords another
illustration of the gradual growth of mimetic patterns
from an original non-mimetic form.+

III. Recrrrocat. Miwicry BETWEEN INEDIBLE Forms.

In the previous communication to the Entomological
Society{ of which I have already made mention, I drew
attention to certain facts which I] am now able to illustrate
by Pl. V., Figs. 15 and 14, representing the undersides of
a Pierine (Pereute leucodrosime) and a Heliconius (H. mel-
pomene) respectively. Both Heliconius and Pereute are,
it will be seen, furnished with basal red spots, and this is
the ease with very many of the Heliconii and their

* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 286.

+ Throughout the foregoing remarks, P. phaloc and P. locusta g,
have been spoken of as non-mimetic forms. This is undoubtedly
the case with P. phaloe, but it is perhaps possible that even in
P. locusta g, the underside of the hindwing may have (especially
in darkly-coloured individuals) a certain mimetic value. The
underside of the hindwing in P. locusta, P. cinerea and some
others resembles that of Heliconius melpomene and other protected
species in giving the general idea of a dark wing-area with yellow
costal or precostal streak and basal red spots. The forewing of
P. locusta contains a large surface of white, but this would be
partly or wholly concealed in the resting position. It is true also
that the yellow streak and red patches do not occupy exactly
corresponding positions in the Pieris and the Heliconius ; but there
is abundant evidence to show that while affinity displays great
respect for the exact position on the wing of any given feature
of the pattern, mimicry to a large extent disregards this, and aims
rather at a general similarity of effect. See the instance of
Hesperocharis hirlanda above, and see also below, p. 74, note.

t{ Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894, pp. 296, etc

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 73

Pierine imitators. What is the meaning of this coinci-
dence? ‘The first answer that suggests itself is that it is
simply an ordinary case of mimicry ; the red spots belong
originally to the Heliconius, and the Pierine has acquired
similar spots in order to complete the mimetic picture.
‘wo facts, however, militate against this supposition.
‘he first is that these red patches, so far from being
confined to the mimicking Pierines, are found to have
a very wide distribution throughout the whole Pierine
subfamily, existing not only, as we have seen, in non-
mimetic neotropical forms such as Pieris locusta and
P. phaloe, but in numerous old-world genera as well,
reaching a great development in the Indian and Austra-
lian Delias, and having even left a relic in the common
white butterflies of our own country. It would be extra-
vagant to suppose that these widespread characters owe
their origin simply to the necessity for mimicking certain
South American Heliconti. Moreover, as I have else-
where shown, such an origin for the old-world forms as
this hypothesis would involve is at variance with what is
known of Pierine phylogeny. The second fact is that
although several Heliconti which are not the subjects of
mimicry show marks of the kind, yet they are most con-
stant, most distinct and most Pierine-like in species of
Heliconius that serve as models. There must, it would
seem, be a relation between the two forms which is not
entirely due to mimicry by the Pierine. Are we then to
say that the Heliconius is the mimic and the Pierine the
model? This would appear to be going against all
received ideas on the subject, and to be negatived by all
that is known of the inedible qualities of Heliconius and
of the ancestral coloration of the Pierines ; nevertheless,
with respect to the particular marks in question I believe
that it comes near to the true expression of the fact, and
I would suggest that the key to the difficulty is to be
found in the following considerations.

It has been well shown by Fritz Miiller,* whose con-
clusions have been followed and amplified by Meldola and
Poulton, that there exist two kinds of mimetic associa-
tions—in one of which an edible form shelters itself by
resemblance to another form well known to be inedible,
this being the aspect of mimicry first detected and
explained by Bates; while in the other a group is
constituted all of whose members are inedible, and join

* “ Kosmos,” 1879, p. 100.

74 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

forces, so to speak, in order to share the dangers of
experimental tasting. In the first kind it is obvious that
the only imitation must be by the unprotected of the
protected form ; there is no force tending in the converse
direction. But in the second kind it does not seem to
have been sufficiently noticed that, especially if the
numbers of the associated species are approximately
equal, there may fairly be expected to arise a kind of
cive-and-take arrangement, in consequence of which two
or more inedible forms may hasten the assimilative
process by imitating each other. ‘his is my reading of
the case beforeus. ‘There are some independent grounds*
for thinking that the mimicking Pierines in this par-
ticular group of instances are not, as has been generally
assumed, edible. It is therefore not unreasonable to
suppose that being distasteful, like the associated
Heliconii, and forming with them a company for mutual
protection, they have both taken from and bestowed on
them characteristic features of pattern—both sides, in
fact, having undergone what I some time since ventured
to call “ reciprocal mimicry.” I have elsewhere given more
detailed reasons in support of this view ; I reintroduce it
here for the sake of illustrating it from those Pierine marks
that have been specially under consideration.t

* E.g., (1) the abundance of some of the mimetic’species of the
same or of a closely allied genus, as Pereute charops and Euterpe
tereas (testified to by Messrs. Godman and Salvin and by Fritz
Miiller respectively) ; and (2) the fact that the nearest old-world
representatives of the same group, i.e., the members of the genus
Delias, have all the characteristics of insects protected by a
disagreeable taste or odour.

+ It may perhaps be objected that the resemblance between such
forms as are represented in Figs. 13, 14 is not sufficiently close
to warrant the supposition of mutual protection between them.
To this it may be replied, that (1) the colour of the diagonal band
of the forewing is probably in the living Heliconius much nearer
to that of the Perewte than appears in the figure, which was taken
from a specimen that had been for some years in the Hope collec-
tion. It is well known that the reds in Heliconius and Acrea are
especially apt to fade on keeping. (2) ‘he resemblance may be
enhanced by attitude, the figures having been drawn without any
particular attention to this. (5) The brightly coloured basal marks,
though occupying different relative positions in the two insects,
convey the same general idea of a gently-curving, slender, white or
vellow streak (belonging to the forewing in the Pereute and the
jindwing in the Heltconius), beset near its base with isolated spots
of vivid red, and traversing a black or dark-brown area of wing
close to the body.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 75

The same argument will apply to features similar to
the above which may be seen in certain Papilionine,
Nymphaline, Erycinide, and even in some moths.
And I may say in passing that Fritz Miiller’s principle
here referred to appears to me to be of much wider
applecation than has been hitherto supposed. There
exist several large groups more or less uniform in their
scheme of coloration, though heterogeneous in their
affinities, which it seems almost certain will in the main
turn out to be cases of ‘inedible associations,’ each
one possibly including a few instances of true mimicry
witbin its borders. In deciding on the actual nature
of such resemblances, it may be borne in mind that
“reciprocal mimicry ” constitutes good evidence of the
distastefulness of all the forms between which it can be
shown to occur, while the abundance or scarcity of a
mimetic insect is also a valuable test of its edibility.

IV. Divercent Memeers or AN INEDIBLE GroupP.

The last set of figures (Pl. V., Figs. 15-18) discloses a re-
markable state of things, which is of interest both in its
bearing on what has been advanced in the preceding sec-
tion, and also as providing a further illustration of the im-
portance of small changes. The Papilio represented in
Fig. 15 (P. zacynthus 2) is undoubtedly the model for the
Pierine shown in Fig. 16 (H. tereas). These two insects
form one of Bates’s original instances of mimicry. But
beside the latter we have another Huterpe, viz., EH. bellona
(Fig. 17), whose markings are, without doubt, homologous
with those of its congener. J. bellona however, though
so closely resembling H. tereas the mimic of P. zacynthus,
itself copies, not the Papilio, but the members of a group
of Heliconius of which H. erato (Fig. 18) is a good
example. The bright yellow patch on the forewing of
the Heliconius is very well imitated by the Pierine, and
ou the hindwing of the latter the crimson patch of
E.. tereas, etc., has been modified into a series of scarlet
stripes; these being a palpable attempt to reproduce
the radiating chestnut streaks of H. erato or one of its
congeners. It is curious to see what slight modifications
between the two species of Huterpe enable them to

76 Dr. F. A. Dixey on the Relation of

imitate two such distinct insects as the Papilio and the
Heliconius.*

The addition of these two forms, viz., Huterpe bellona
ard Heliconius erato, the former of which was perhaps
not known to Bates, evidently complicates the “ mimicry”
question. Js the resemblance between the Heliconius
and the Papilio, which certainly exists though it is not
very close, accidental? But for the intermediate Pierine
forms we should perhaps not have suspected any special
relation between them. On the other hand, is the Helv-
conius the general model for all the rest? If so,
P. zacynthus becomes a mimic instead of a model ; whilo
its own imitator, H. tereas, is in the curious position of
mimicking a mimic, instead of going straight to the
fountain-head, 7.e., the Heliconius.

In my opinion, the most satisfactory way of accounting
for these complicated relations is the supposition that
here we have another instance of a mimetic assemblage
of the second kind—an ‘“‘inedible association.” he
two extreme forms, viz., the Papilio and the Heliconius,
which by themselves might perhaps not be sufficiently
near one another to be mutually protective to any very
great extent, are held together, as it were, within the
hmits of an inedible mimetic group, by the welding power
of the intermediate Huterpes.t It is of interest in con-
nection with what has been already advanced as to reci-
procal mimicry, or the give-and-take system, in associa-
tions of this kind, that the Papilio, the Heliconius and
both Pierines are furnished on the underside with basal
red spots.

V. ConcLusron.

It cannot, I think, be doubted that the remarkable
facts touched upon in the present paper raise points of
fresh interest in the great question of mimicry. The
leading and binding idea in all that I have said has been

* The Heliconine pattern is still further developed in the female,
and on the under surface of the male of ZF. bellona, than on the
upper surface of the latter sex as represented in Fig. 17.

+ The series could be rendered still more complete by the
insertion of E. critias and LH. bellona 9, on the Papilio and
Heliconius sides respectively of Euterpe bellona ¢.

Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form. 77

my conviction, formed after much deliberation, of the
gradual and natural character of these complicated
changes, and of the absence of any violent or arbitrary
element in their process of development. Whether
the explanations here suggested are true and adequate,
can in most instances only be decided by observation in
the field; and it is much to be desired that travellers and
residents in countries where these and similar phenomena
occur should carefully record all facts relating to the
habits, postures, modes and times of flight, prevalence,
seasonal occurrence and exact distribution of the various
species that come under their observation.

There is also need of such experimental evidence as to
the means of defence adopted by these forms as can only
be satisfactorily obtained in the midst of their natural
surroundings. Meanwhile, it must suffice to point out
the conclusion towards which the only facts available
appear to lead, while the actual verification by observa-
tion and experiment must perforce be left to those whose
opportunities enable them to apply these final tests to the
subjects of enquiry.

My best thanks are due to Prof. Poulton, F'.R.S., for
much encouragement and many facilities for work. ‘he
figures were drawn, by his permission, from specimens in
the Hope Collection at Oxford.

78 Dr. F,. A. Dixey on the Relation of

e

List or SPECIES MENTIONED.

PIERINE.

Pereute lewcodrosime, Koll.
Euterpe tereas, Godt.

» critias, Feld.

» vellona, Cram.
Mylothris pyrrha, Fabr.

a lorena, Hew.
5 lypera, Koll.
ms malenka, Hew.

Hesperocharis hirlanda, Stoll.
Pieris locusta, Feld.
3, phaloe, Godt.
» marana, Doubl.
» cinerea, Hew.
Dismorphia melia, Godt.
a eumara, Doubl.

PAPILIONIN®.
Papilio zacynthus, Fabr.

ACRAINE,
Actinote pellenea, Hiibn.

HELICONIN2.
Heliconius melpomene, Linn.
55 erato, Linn.

io numata, Cram.

a,

Mimetic Patterns to the Oriyinal Form.

ExpLaNaTion OF Puates III., IV., & VY.

Fig.

Fic.

Fia.

b, costal

h,
k,

median
internal
costal light streak.

central pale area.

i, anterior dark shades.
posterior dark shade.

diagonal dark bar of forewing.

PuLateE IIT.

1. Pieris locusta ¢, underside.

2. P. phaloe ?, 5

3. Mylothris lypera &, ,,

4. M. lorena ¢, <4

5. M. pyrrha 2,

6. M. lorena 9, ;

PuaTeE IV.

7. Mylothris lorena 2, upperside.
8. M. malenka 2, as

9. M. pyrrha 9, underside.

10. M. pyrrha 9, upperside.

11. Heliconius numata, upperside.
12. Hesperocharis hirlanda, underside.

PEATE, Vi.

13. Pereute lewcodrosime, underside.
14. Heliconius melpomene, 55

15. Papilio zacynthus 2 , upperside.
16. Euterpe tereas, ‘
17. E. bellona ¢, 5
18. Heliconius erato, 3

IN ALL THE FIGURES

PP] 7 ?
” ? ”

” ” ”

1, dark bar of forewing parallel to inner margin.

precostal red patch on the base of the hindwing underside.

Gest)

IV. The Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part
IV.* Otiorhynchide and Sitonides, and a genus
of doubtful position from the Kurile Islands. By
Davip SHarp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., etc.

[Read February 5th, 1896.]

AurnoucH the collections of Coleoptera made by Mr.
Lewis in Japan are of great interest, and are the
base of almost all that we know of the Rhynchophora
of Japan, yet it is, I think, tolerably certain that as
regards the Curculionide proper—as distinguished from
Anthribide, Scolytide, and Brenthide—they are very
incomplete, and I am inclined to believe that the
Otiorhynchidex of Japan will prove to be twice or three
times more numerous in species than the lists made from
Mr. Lewis’s collections will show.

Under these circumstances it appears scarcely worth
while to discuss the question of geographical distribution,
particularly as our knowledge of the Rhynchophora of
China, of Korea, of Mongolia, and the region round the
mouth of the Amur, is very small indeed. I may,
however, remark that the Japanese Otiorhynchidxe have
very little affinity with those of the European region.
I here enumerate fifty-eight species belonging to twenty-
six genera. Not one of the species is the same as an
European one; while of the twenty-six genera fifteen
appear at present to be peculiar to Japan, and only five
have representatives in Europe, and of these five it is
tolerably certain that four will prove to be more charac-
teristic of Hastern Asia than of the palearctic region
proper. The genus Otiorhynchus is the most character-
istic genus of the Mediterranean Curculionidous fauna,
where it has altogether nearly six hundred species; but it
is not represented in Japan. Indeed, the only points that
appear to give this section of the Japanese fauna any
‘claim to connection with the European one is the
existence of a considerable number of species of

* Part I., see the Transactions for 1889 ; Part IT., Transactions,
1891 ; Part III. (by W. F. H. Blandford), Transactions for 1894.

TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1896,—PaRT I. (MARCH.) 6

82 Mr. David Sharp on the

Phyllobius in each, and the possession by Japan of
a species of Scythropus alhed to the European
S. mustela.

I very much regret the delay that has occurred in the
preparation of this paper, which was commenced several
years since; and also that I shall not be able to continue
the work for some time to come. But I hope that
Mr. Lewis, who besides forming his splendid collection,
has himself done so much towards working out the
insects he procured, may be able to complete our know-
ledge of the Curculionide.

OTIORHYNCHIDAK.

This term I use in the sense of Leconte and Horn,
classification of Col. of N. America, 1883. It is very
different from the Otiorhynchides of Lacordaire. I have,
however, admitted an exception in the case of the genus
Meotiorhynchus, which does not possess the scars on the
mandibles, that is the special character of the family
Otiorhynchide, according to the American taxonomists.
I adopt two divisions, Otiorhynchide aptere and O.
alatz, which, practically, are almost equivalent respec-
tively to the Divisions I. and II. of the N. American
writers, as explained in the Bio]. Centr. Amer., Col. IV.,
pt. 3, p. 87.

OTIORHYNCHIDAD APTERA.

This division was not recognized as distinct from the
winged forms by Lacordaire, consequently its members
were distributed throughout the Brachyderides and
Otiorhynchides of the Belgian naturalist in so complex
a manner as to render the application of his nomen-
clature to the divisions proposed by Leconte and Horn
almost impossible. At the same time I do not know
enough of the forms dealt with by the American
naturalists to enable me to judge whether the Japanese
wingless Otiorhynchidz would enter satisfactorily into
their divisions, and I therefore adopt the plan of
arranging the sixteen genera that have been discovered
in Japan in the followimg manner :—

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 83

1, Thorax with ocular lobes. Group I. Ophryastina ; Pseudocneo-
rhinus and Calomycterus.
1’. Thorax without ocular lobes.

2. Scrobes lateral, elongate, directed inferiorly, so that their
lower margin passes to the under edge of the ros-
trum without being directed towards the eye.

3. Front margin of thorax with a few hairs (vibrisse)
directed forwards under and behind the eye.
Group II. Copanopachys, Meotiorhynchus, Pia-
zomias, Scepticus.

3’, Front margin of thorax without vibrisse, Group III.
Amystax, Blosyrus, Catapionus, Trachyrhinus,
Trachyphleosoma.

2’. Scrobes lateral, not directed inferiorly, but towards the eye.
Group IV. Episomus.

2”. Scrobes more or less superior and foveiform. Group V.
Myosides, Arrhaphogaster, Asphalmus, Omoiotus.

GROUP I.
PSEUDOCNEORRHINUS,

Pseudocneorrhinus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
xvi. (1878), p. 177, and op. cit., xxiv., 1880,

p. 10.

The position this genus should occupy is in the
Ophryastina, where it will form a division separated from
the American forms by the connate claws. Mr. Roelofs
first placed it in the Leptopsides, of which the Ophry-
astina formed, according to lLacordaire, a separate
division. With Trachyphleus the genus has but little
affinity, as it possesses well-marked ocular lobes, connate
claws, and very deep scrobes.

1. Pseudocneorrhinus bifasciatus, Roelofs, C.R. Soe.
ent. Belg., xxu., p. lii, and Ann. ent. Belg.,
xxiv., p. 12.

This is distinguished from its congeners by the very
rotund form of the elytra, which are almost circular
in their outline; the antennz are very short; and
the upright setz on the elytra are fine, short, and
minute.

Main island; Osaka, 14 July, 1881, Hakone,
Miyanoshita, Kuwada, Kawatchi.

84. Mr. David Sharp on the

2. Pseudocneorrhinus obesus, Roelofs, Ann. ent. Belg.,
xvi., p. 177, pl. iii, fig. 10, and xxiv., p. 11.

The individuals of this species are the largest of the
genus ; the elytra are broad and very convex, and in out-
line are intermediate between P. bifasciatus and setosus ;
the erect sete are much larger than in P. bifasciatus.

P. obesus appears to be scarce, but altogether Mr. Lewis
has obtained ten specimens ; the only localities | can record
for it are Kiga and Miyanoshita, on the Main island.

3. Pseudocneorrhinus setosus, Roelofs, C.R. ent. Belg.,

xxii., p. liii., and Ann. ent. Belg., xxiv., p. 12.

Closely allied to P. obesus, but rather smaller and
considerably narrower, and with the erect scales on
the elytra broader than in either of the congeners.

Kiushiu and Main islands ; Ichiuchi.

A. Pseudocneorrhinus minimus, Roelofs, C.R. ent. Belg.,

xxii, p. lili, and Ann. ent. Belg., xxiv., p. 13.

This comes near to P. obesus, but the individuals
of that species are the largest, those of P. minimus the
smallest, of the genus: besides this, the antennz are
considerably shorter in P. minimus.

Roelofs described the species from two specimens

ound by Mr. Hiller. In his recent journey Mr. Lewis
captured four examples.

Main island ; Kawatchi, Yokohama.

CALOMYCTERUS.
Calomycterus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., p. 175.
1. C. setarius, Roelofs, l. c., pl. iii, fig. 9.

A remarkable and apparently very rare species for
which I am not able to record any exact locality.

GROUP II.
CopaNoPACcHys.
Copanopachys, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
xxiv., 1880, p. 7.
1. Copanochys tigrinus.
Piazomias tigrinus, Roelofs, Ann. ent. Belgique, xvi.,

1873, p. 161; C. tigrinus, Roelofs, op. cit., xxiv.,
1880, p. 7.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 85

About twenty examples of this species were found at
Hakodate : most of them agree with M. Roelofs’ descrip-
tions satisfactorily ; but five of them belong to a well-
marked variety, in which the upper surface is almost
uniform pallid grey, the maculation of the elytra and
thorax being nearly absent. Scarcely any two specimens
of the type-form agree exactly in the maculation.

2. Copanopachys griseus.

Piazomias griseus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi. 1873, p. 162 ;
C. griseus, id., xxiv., p. 8.

I have before me about a score of examples that I
refer to this species, though they vary enormously
in colour, greatly in size, and somewhat in minute
structural characters. All, however, differ from C.
tigrinus, in having the eyes more convex, and the front
tibize not in the least dilated externally at the apex.
One of them in colour exactly resembles the typical form
of C. tigrinus, while on the other hand, the smaller
examples are wonderfully like Scepticus insularis.

Main island ; EKnoshima, Kawatchi, Yokohama (in April),
Kobé. One specimen from each locality. The others
were all obtained during Mr. Lewis’s earlier visits, and
the localities have not been preserved, but, no doubt, all
are from the islands south of Yezo, while C. tigrinus is—
so far as we know at present—confined to that island.

MroriorHYNCHUS, n. gen.

Mandibule ad apices tranversim laminate ; tibiz anteriores
apicibus dilatatis,

Mandibles at the apex, forming as it were a prominent lamina,
the front edge of which is quite thin and the outer angle
the most prominent part ; without scar; nearly similar to one
another: buccal cavity large, filled by the mentum. Rostrum
short, scrobes definite and deep, lateral and descending. An-
tenne short, scape broad at the extremity, 7th joint of the
funiculus almost amalgamated with the club. Eyes oval, moder-
ately distant from the thorax. Prosternum a little emarginate,
front margin irregularly ciliate, the cilix below the eye longer, so
as to form rudimentary vibrisse. Metasternum short. Hind cox
widely separated, the intercoxal abdominal process being broad
and truncate. First and second ventral plates elongate, third and

86 Mr. David Sharp on the

fourth quite short, together not so long as the second. Anterior
tibiz a little enlarged at the apex both internally and externally ;
hind tibiz broad at the tip, with a large external space bordered
both internally and externally by very short thick spines ; third
joint of tarsus normally lobed and densely pubescent beneath.
Claws moderate, free.

This genus is a most anomalous one, and in the
present condition of the classification of the Curculionide,
its position must remain an open question; it could be
placed quite satisfactorily in the Otiorhynchide were it
not that no mandibular scar exists: the mandibles,
indeed, are so formed at the apex, that no deciduous
pieces could be seated on them; while their sharp front
and prominent angles, may perhaps be found to be
a functional substitute for the deciduous pieces. This
structure of the mandibles, added to that of the tips of
the hind tibiz, distinguishes the genus satisfactorily from
Copanopachys, which is unquestionably its nearest ally ;
the two genera possessing a great similarity of facies.

1. Meotiorhynchus querendus.

Elongato-ovalis, niger, fusco-griseo-squamosus, limbo irregu-
lariter pallido ; opacus. Long, 10-10} mm.

Rostrum short and broad, rugose in front, with a deep channel
on the middle ; eyes moderately prominent ; antennz short and
stout. Thorax rather long, curvate at the sides, obsoletely sculptured,
covered with very small sordid scales, with an obscure channel on
the middle. Elytra elongate, quite narrow at the base, where,
however, they just exceed the width of the base of the thorax,
thence becoming broader for about one-fourth or one-fifth of the
length ; acuminate at the apex, finely striate, covered with minute
scales, which are of an almost uniform dark colour, except at the
sides where they become more or less pallid, though in a very
variable manner. Legs stout ; apex of hind tibiz very large.

Mr. Lewis procured a small series of this very
~ interesting insect at Hakodate, in Yezo. One of the
specimens is a very beautiful variety in which the upper
surface is maculate, somewhat as in Copanopachys tigrinus,
with numerous pallid marks, the scales that are almost
uniformly dark in the typical form, being, moreover,
metallic. This example is a little smaller than the
others, and slightly different in outline, so that it may
possibly prove to be of a distinct species.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 87

Prazomtas, Schonherr.
1. Piazomias velatus, Chev. ?

Piazomias velatus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
xvi., 1873, p. 164.

I enter this in the Japan list, solely on the authority of
M. Roelofs, who says of it, ‘‘Trés commun au Japon.”
There are, however, no examples of it in the Lewis
collection. Indeed, I have not yet seen any Chinese
example of the genus that agrees with the Japanese
ean: and Chevrolat described the species from

Ina, ;

2. Piazomias lewisti, Roel.

Piazomias lewisi, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
xx, 1879, CR; p. lie.

This species was not described in M. Roelofs’ first
paper on Japanese Rhynchophora, and I think it possible
that it was this insect he alluded to in his first paper,
under the name of P. velatuws: in which case, the latter
name should be withdrawn from the Japanese cata-
logue.
According to Mr. Lewis’s collection, this is by no
means a prominent insect in the Japanese Coleopterous
fauna; he found a few specimens in the island Kiushiu,
in April, and one at Kobé, on the south coast of the
Main island.

ScEPTIcus.
Scepticus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., 1873, p. 158.

1. Scepticus insularis, Roelofs, 1. c.

This species has been found sparingly in various
localities throughout the three islands, from Nagasaki to
as far north as Sapporo.

GROUP III.
AMYSTAX.

Amystax, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,
1873; pevloo:

1. A. fasciatus, Roelofs, I. c., p. 160, pl. i, fig. 2.

88 Mr. David Sharp on the

A few specimens only have been obtained of this
species. It is apparently very variable, but the material
does not enable me to decide certainly that there is
more than one species. T'wo individuals (without exact
locality) have the elytra longer, and narrower, of a very
dark colour, and marked behind the middle with two
separated spots instead of a fascia.

Kiushiu, at Nagasaki and Ichiuchi in April.

Biosyrvus, Schonherr.
1. Blosyrus japonicus, n. sp.

Niger, fusco-squamosus, sordidus, antennis piceis, prothorace
brevi, medio carinulato, elytris globosis, interstitiis leviter convexis.
Long. 64 mm.

Antenne short, third joint scarcely longer than the second.
Rostrum very short, not longer than broad, flat, with distinct
angular transverse depression in front of the eyes. Thorax
short and broad, very strongly transverse, rounded at the
sides, with an obscure carina on the middle, most distinct in front ;
the surface squamose ; with a few very minute shining granules.
Elytra much broader than the thorax, convex and globose, with
series of rather coarse punctures, the interstices broad, slightly
convex, and set with very short sete.

The sculpture and clothing in this insect are more or
less obscured by the dirt with which the insect becomes
covered. There is a longitudinal channel on the middle
of the head in two examples; in two others it can
scarcely be detected, perhaps owing to its being
obliterated by dirt mixed with an exudation.

Awomori and Sapporo: four specimens.

CATAPIONUS.

Catapionus, Schonh., Gen. Curc., vi., 2, p. 245 ; Roelofs,
Ann. ent. Belg., xvi., p. 155.

M. Roelofs has examined the type species of this
genus, and has informed us that the C. viridimetallicus
of Japan is certainly congeneric with it. He has also
called attention to some errors in Lacordaire’s description
of the genus, and has added three other species from
Japan: I should certainly not have recognized Lacor-
daire’s description of the genus as being applicable to

.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 89

these Japanese insects, had it not been for M. Roelofs’
investigation. The genus is very closely allied to
Cneorhinus, whereas Lacordaire places it in the Bary-
notides ; but, as I see no reason to doubt the correctness
of the conclusion M. Roelofs arrived at, I accept it; as
also his decision that the other species he describes, as
belonging to the genus should really be placed in it.
The Cneorhinus? nodosus, Motsch., was not known
to M. Roelofs, but it has been obtained by Mr. Lewis
during his recent journey, and should, I think, also
be associated with the other species of Catapionus
at present. Although very different in appearance and
in several details of its structure from the C. viridi-
‘metallicus, it is approached in so many points by C.
clathratus, Roel., that I hesitate to make it a new
genus.

1. Catapionus nodosus.

Cneorhinus ? nodosus, Motsch., Etudes ent., ix., 1860,
p. 21.
Dermatodes nodosus, Harold, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr.,

1877, p. 359.
Nikko, Subashiri, Miyanoshita.

The species has been received by Mr. J. H. Leech
from China (Kiu-Kiang and Ichang), and I have
an individual in my collection labelled as being from
Assam. .

C. nodosus has the rostrum broader at the apex,
and more angularly prominent on each side, the man-
dibles are shorter, and each elytron is strongly lobed at
the base. Harold’s subsequent reference of this insect
to Dermatodes was certainly erroneous.

2. Catapionus clathratus, Roel.

Catapionus clathratus, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., 1873,
p. 157

This was described froma single specimen. In 1881
Mr. Lewis procured a small series of examples at
Nagasaki, Kashiwagi, and Otsu, in the months of June
and July. There is very little variation amongst
them, though the species has been found in two of the
islands.

90 Mr. David Sharp on the

3. Catapionus modestus, Roel.
Catapionus modestus, Roelofs, t. c., p. 156.

This is at present the rarest species of the genus.
I have before me three examples found at Nikko and
Shimonosuwa, on the Main island.

4. Catapionus obscurus, n. sp.

Niger, griseo-squamosus, plus minusve obscure fusco-varie-
gatus ; prothorace rugoso, medio obsolete sulcato ; elytris inter-
stitiis alternis paululum magis elevatis. Long. cumque rostro,
7-9 mm.

This is closely allied to C. gracilicornis, Roelofs, but is
much smaller, and has shorter antennz, with the third
joint only about half as long. The rostrum is nearly
parallel-sided, a little broader in front: the third joint of
the antennz is a little longer than the second; the club
is black, in marked contrast to the other parts: the
rostrum has, on the upper part, an indistinct lateral
groove on each side, in addition to the vague median
depression. The thorax is narrower in front than at the
base, but little rounded at the sides, the base nearly
truncate. Elytra with rounded shoulders and fine serial
punctures.

Found during the month of August, 1881, at several
localities in the centre of the Main island: seventeen
examples.

5. Catapionus gracilicornis, Roel.
Catapionus gracilicornis, Roelofs, op. cit., xvi., 1873,
p- 157.

This was described from a single individual found at
Hakodate ; it appears to be the least rare of the species
in the northern parts of the Archipelago.

Hakodate, Sapporo, Junsai, all in the island of Yezo.

6. Catapionus viridimetallicus, Motsch.

Cneorhinus viridimetallicus, Motsch., Etudes. ent., ix.,
1860, p. 21; Catapionus viridimetallicus, Roelofs,
Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi., 1873, p. 155.

Yezo; Hakodate, Sapporo: very common.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 91

TRACHYRHINUS, gen. nov.

Corpus rugosum, sordidum, sat elongatum, setis erectis parce
vestitum. Scrobz laterales, late. Antenne scapo sat elongato
setoso, apicem versus crass.

Distinguished from Trachyphleosoma by the more elongate
rostrum, with longer scrobes, and by the comparatively elongate
form of the body. The mandibular scars are distinct, the scrobes
are very broad, owing to the arching of their upper margin, which
causes them to encroach a little on the upper face of the rostrum,
but the general direction and position of the scrobes is that of the
Brachyderides, rather than that of the Otiorhynchides : there are
no ocular lobes or vibrissee, the eyes are rather small, nearly cir-
cular not prominent. The nasal plate is extruded so as to form an
abrupt prominence. Femora not dentate: claws small, not
connate. Metasternum very short: second and third abdominal
sutures extremely deep ; second segment equal in length to the
part of the first segment that lies behind the coxe. Tarsi rather
small : tips of hind tibize slender, minutely mucronate.

This insect has somewhat the facies of Trachyphleus.
It may be described as a connecting link between
Amystax and Trachyphleosoma. It differs from the
former by the scrobes which are broader, attain the eye,
and are somewhat visible from above. The abrupt
prominence of the nasal plate is peculiar.

1. Trachyrhinus sordidus, nu. sp.

Piceus, suboblongus, rugose sculpturatus, setosus, parcius
obscureque squamosus; prothorace sat elongato, medio canali-
culato. Long, 5, lat. 12 mm.

Antenne obscure red, scape rather long, with very distinct erect
setee on the lower margin, 2nd joint rather long, 3rd a little shorter,
4-8 differing but little in length, the 8th slightly broader than the
preceding, about as long as broad; club oval, moderately long
and stout. Nasal plate small but peculiarly prominent, placed
entirely in front of the antennal insertions: front of rostrum
rather broad, rugose ; eyes entirely lateral, rather distant from the
thorax. Thorax nearly as long as broad, slightly narrower than the
elytra, curved at the sides and a little nirrowed behind, coarsely
and very deeply rugose. Elytra rather narrow, very little narrowed
in front, very coarsely sculptured, but covered with an exudation
mixed with dirt, which obscures also the small scales; the erect
sete very distinct, slightly clavate. In the male there is a deep

92 Mr. David Sharp on the

oblong impression on the metasternum and _ first abdominal seg-
ment: the apical ventral segment is prominent, and broadly
but vaguely impressed. The female is of less elongate form, and
has the breast unimpressed.

Nagaski, in April: a dozen examples.

TRACHYPRL@OsSOMA = (T'rachyphleops, Roel.), n. syn.

Trachyphleosoma, Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist., iv.,
1869, p. 414; Trachyphleops, Roelofs, Ann. Soc.
ent. Belgique, xvi., 1873, p. 165.

I can find very little to distinguish as species the St.
Helena Trachyphleosoma setosum, Woll., from the
Japanese Trachyphlwops setosus, Roel., and as genera I
can see no distinctions. It therefore becomes necessary
to change the name of the latter species as being later.
The genus has only a superficial resemblance with
Trachyphleeus, next to which it is usually placed.

1. Trachyphleosoma roelofsi, n. n.
Trachyphleops setosus, Roel., t. ¢., xvi., p. 166, pl. i, fig. 5.
Nagasaki, in March: apparently very rare.

GROUP IV.
Hersomus, Schonherr.

Episomus, Schonherr, Disp. Meth., 1826, p. 126;
Pascoe, J. Linn. Soc. Zool., xi., p. 163.

1. EHpisomus turritus.

Lagostomus turritus, Schonh., Gen. Curc., i., p. 613;
Episomus turritus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.
Belgique, xvi., p. 164.

This species has been, after several misconceptions as
to its position, referred to Episomus. It may be pro-
bably separated as a distinct genus (with LH. mundus),
but this may be left undecided at present.

E. turritus appears to be a common insect in China,
and is probably not rare in the Southern parts of Japan.
One of Mr. Lewis’s specimens is labelled ‘‘ found only on
Aralia maximowiczi.” It is a very variable insect in
colour, size, and, to a less extent in sculpture. I have it
from various localities in China, including Kiu Kiang
(Pratt) and Shanghai.

Vee

EEE eee eh

———E

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 93

2. Hpisomus mundus, n. sp.

Squamosus, subtus cretaceo-albidus, supra fuscus, utrinque late
albido-plagiatus, apiceque albido, antennarum apice nigro ; supra
vage sculpturatus, hand tuberculatus. Long. 14 mm.

Slightly smaller than ZH. twrritus, with more slender
limbs, and at once distinguishable by the absence of
tubercles on the elytra. ‘The surface is very densely
covered with extremely minute scales, and the system of
coloration is more like that of H. turritus than of other
species of the genus. There is a single very deep groove
along the middle of the rostrum, but no lateral ruge.
The thorax has no transverse folds or grooves, and it is
only obsoletely and sparingly rugose, but there is a
broad longitudinal impression along the middle con-
sisting of two parts separated on the disc. ‘The elytra
seen in profile, are at first flat or nearly so, but then rise
greatly so as to be very convex; they are sculpture with
series of irregular, large, not deep pits, separated only
by quite small interstices. A single specimen only has
been found of this elegant insect, it does not appear to
be related to any species but H. turritus.

Yuyama, in Kiushiu, May 12th, 1881.

GROUP V.
MyosiIpDeEs.

Myosides, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi., 1873,
p- 164.

This genus comes near to Ccnopsis, from which it is
distinguished by the larger interval between the eye
and the scrobe, the former being placed also nearer to
the thorax.

1. Myosides seriehispidus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.
Belgique, xvi., p. 165, pl. i1., fig. 4.
Apparently not uncommon, about Nagasaki in March ;

two specimens were also met with on the Main island at
Miyanoshita in April.

2. Myosides pyrus, n. sp.
Dense fusco-squamosus, subpyriformis, setis erectis tenuibus

parce vestitus ; elytris minus brevibus, basin versus fortiter
angustatis. Long. 33 mm.

94. Mr. David Sharp on the

Antenne piceous, with elongate scape. Rostrum moderately
long, very densely squamose except on the very definite angular
space that limits the nasal plate ; the tip very distinctly broader.
Eyes round, slightly prominent. ‘Thorax short, not much more
than half as broad as the elytra, densely squamose, but with
minute sete placed in punctures that are concealed by the squa-
mosity. Elytra narrow at the base, but becoming much broader
behind, convex, finely striate, very densely squamose, with erect,
moderately long, slender sete. Legs piceous, moderately long,
setose and feebly squamose.

This little weevil somewhat resembles Hpisomus in its
general form. By the expanded tip of the rostrum it
differs considerably from M. seriehispidus, and ap-
proaches Peritelus. Probably a distinct genus should
be established on it. The claws are not connate.

A single individual was met with at Nikko, Main
island, in June.

ARRHAPHOGASTER.

Arrhaphogaster, Roelofs, Aun. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,
1873, p. 163.

The affinity of this genus appears to be with Phlyctinus.
It differs from Celeuthetes by the scrobes being anterior
instead of lateral. From Phlyctinus it is distinguished
by the scrobes being foveiform instead of linear. The
claws are not connate. The scar of the mandible is
not very large, but is distinct on the left side, less so
on the right one.

1. Arrhaphogaster pilosus.
A, pilosus, Roel., Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., xvi, p. 164,
pl. i., fig. 3.
Yokohama, April 1880: rare; Roelofs, /.c., records it
from Hakodate on Yezo.

ASPHALMUS, gen. n.

Antennz anteriores, scapo sat elongato. Rostrum brevissimum,
haud pterygiatum. Femoradentata. Corpus setis tenuibus depressis
vestitum.

The insect for which I propose this new genus is
similar in appearance to the Huropean Omias bohemanni,
from which it is distinguished by the scrobes whose

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japa. 95

posterior part encroaches on the front of the rostrum, so
that they are separated only by a prominent, somewhat
narrow, space ; by the dentate femora and by the body
being clothed with depressed instead of erect setie.
From Arrhaphogaster it is distinguished by the smaller
interval separating the scrobes above and by the
dentate femora. The eyes are quite small, but rather
prominent, and are placed far in front of the thorax.
The latter is without trace of vibrissee or ocular lobes.
The prosternum is only about half as long as the notum,
the coxee being placed almost at its front margin. The
metasternum is extremely short; the hind coxze are very
widely separated. ‘he abdominal sutures are moderately
deep. The tips of the hind tarsi are very slender. The
claws are small, equal, connate. These characters bring
the genus somewhat near to Peritelus, though the two
are not all similar. The Japanese insect is distinguished
by the form of the rostrum and scrobes, and the hair-like
clothing of the body.

1. Asphalmus japonicus, n. sp.

Fusco-rufus, pube grisea depressa, parce vestitus ; prothorace
densissime, ruguloso-punctato ; elytris profunde crenato-striatis,
interstitiis convexis. Long. 4, lat. 2 mm.

Rostrum very short, eyes placed almost half-way between the
front of the thorax and the base of the antenne. Scape moderately
long, sub-curvate, thickened from base to tip, Head densely punc-
tured, sub-foveolate above the eyes. Thorax very densely, not
coarsely rugose-punctate. Elytra convex, ovate, much broader than
the thorax, with rather broad and deep crenate striz, the interstices
convex, and furnished with depressed pallid hairs. Ventral
segments shining, with only distant and rather fine punctuation.
Tooth of front femora quite distinct, of the hind almost
imperceptible.

Of this distinct insect eight specimens were met with
on the Main island at Shiba in Tokio, in May, 1880.

Omovotus, n. gen.

Ex affinitate generis Otiorhynchi. Corpus parvum fere nudum.
Femora omnia dentata. Scrobes magne, antennis superne parum
late distantes. Oculi parvi, fortiter convexi. Tibi tenues,
apicibus nullo modo dilatatis.

96 Mr. David Sharp on the

The small weevil for which I establish this genus, has
the facies of an Omias, such as O. concinnus, but it
appears to be more closely allied to Otiorhynchus,
of which it might form a sub-genus, were it not that the
scrobes of the antennz in their upper part encroach more
on the front of the rostrum, and are consequently less
widely separated than in Otiorhynchus.

Antenne moderately long, scape slender at the base, much
thicker at the apex, extending beyond the front margin of the
thorax. The rostrum short, thicker at the apex, distinctly
pterygiate, the true scrobes quite short and convergent, but the
rostrum above them excavated, so that the front of the rostrum is
in the middle comparatively narrow. Eyes small, very convex.
Front coxze almost imperceptibly separated. Mentum with
a short peduncle, and not filling the buccal cavity. Mandibular
scars small but distinct. Third and fourth ventral segments
not very short. Front femur with a large tooth, middle and
hinder with smaller teeth. Tibiz slender at tips, the posterior
with two excessively minute spurs at the lower angle.

1. Omoiotus ovatus.

Gracilis, testaceus, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, illo inter
oculos foveolato; thorace elongato, elytris multo angustiore ; his
fortiter, regulariter, seriatim punctatis, interstitiis leviter convexis.
Long. 4 mm.

Second and third joints of antenne rather elongate, the
latter a little the longer, slender. Rostrum and head very
densely punctate, the former short, but little longer than broad,
without nasal plate, with a small deep fovea between the eyes ;
these remote from the thorax, very prominent. Thorax rather
long and narrow, slightly longer than broad, curved at the sides, a
little broader at the base than in front ; densely rather coarsely
punctate, rugose at the sides but not along the middle. Elytra
rather slender, ovate, the series of punctures remarkably regular,
each puncture rather large, the interval between each and the next
very small: the interstices extremely regular, and bearing some
minute depressed hairs ; the series of punctures are ten, the outer
one being placed very uear to the margin, and obsolete behind.
Ventral segments shining, almost smooth.

Two specimens were found, but the exact locality has
not been recorded. This little insect is of considerable
interest owing to its great approximation to the European

ets i I A

5 es a Ce ES Nb eR

a

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 97

genus Otiorhynchus. It is, in fact, all that has been
discovered in Japan to represent the ereat genus that
has several hundred species in Europe.

OTIORHYNCHIDA ALATA.

The Japanese species of this division are not very
numerous, but it is probable that a good many others
remain to be discovered.

There is but little difficulty in distinguishing the
genera. ‘These are eleven in number, and may be
tabulated as follows :—

Prothorax without ocular lobes or vibrissz.
Claws connate.
Scrobes visible from front.

Rostrum with prolonged front angles. . Diallobius.
. 45 simple, as usualattip . . . . Phyllobius.
Scrobes entirely lateral. . . . . . . . Scythropus.
Claws free.
Scrobes widely separated.
Antenne longer than the body . . . . EHumayjllocerus.
Antenne not longer than the body.
Second joint of antenne short . . . Macrocorynus.
a long. . Myllocerus.

Scrobes separated on upper surface by only
a small space.

Rostrum with a recurved process at tip . Anosimus.
“ without ,, i " . Hyperstylus.
Prothorax with vibrissz or ocular lobes.
Prothorax ‘with vibrisse but not lobes . . . Chlorophanus.
i“ without vibrisse, but with lobes.
Rostrum rather slender, broader at tip . . Phytoscaphus.
» thick, not broader at tip . . . - Canoizus.

Puyntosius, Germar et Auct.

The Japanese species of this genus appear to be
numerous, and I have no doubt others will have to be
added to those here mentioned.

The species are far from being closely allied to those
found in Europe, though the existence of the genus
in Europe and Japan, and its representation in each of
the two provinces by numerous species, is the chief
character that could be cited as evidence of an affinity
between the Otiorhynchid fuunz cf Europe and Japan.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896,—ParT I. (MARCH.) 7

98 Mr. David Sharp on the

1. Phyllobius longicornis.

P. longicornis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,
p. 166.

The male of the insect I identify as this species, has
the trough, or gonge-shaped depression, on the terminal
ventral plate very deep, and the preceding two segments
are more or less deeply, broadly impressed; the first
abdominal segment is only slightly impressed on the
middle, and the metasternum has no angular prominence
on either side of the median impression. The front
tibiz have only a slight sinuation of the inner margin
below the middle; the hind tibia have a very feeble
concavity of the inner face of the apical part. The head
has only a slight swelling of the surface posterior to the
eyes. ‘The antenne are very long; the upper surface of
the insect is rather densely covered with minute green
scales, and there is no long pubescence.

M. Roelofs did not at first distinguish between this
species and P. prolongatus, and most of his specimens
in the Lewis collection belong to the latter species.
Altogether I have examined eight specimens of P. longi-
cornis : the localities are Nikko, Yokohama, Oyama, and
Miyanoshita, on the Main island; Hakodate in Yezo.

2. Phyllobius prolongatus.

P. prolongatus, Motsch., Bull. Soc. Moscow, 1866, i.,
p. 180.

I accept, as representative of this species, an individual
in Mr. Lewis’s collection, determined by one of the
German authorities who examined Herr Hiller’s Japanese
Coleoptera.

P. prolongatus is closely allied to P. longicornis, and
is densely covered with golden-green scales, but has
the male characters much less remarkably developed,
the depression of the last ventral plate being com-
paratively sight, and the preceding two segments being
simple; the tooth of the front femur is considerably
smuller, and all the femora are less swollen. In the

female the ventral segments are more bare than they are
in P. longicornis.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 99

I have seen twenty specimens of this species; they
vary a good deal in colour and in the vestiture. Most of
the series were procured at Nikko, but the species was
also met with at Miyanoshita, Higo, Bukenji, Oyama, and
Awomori.

3. Phyllobius armatus.

P. armatus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvii.,
C.R., p. cxxviil.

This species was described by M. Roelofs from a single
pair, found by M. Van Volxem, and was not represented
in the first collection made by Mr. Lewis. I refer to the
species six examples found by Mr. Lewis at Nikko,
Tokio, and Oyama. The insect is rather more robust,
and has a broader after-body than its allies, and is
distinguished, in addition to the remarkable characters
of the male, by the conspicuous, soft, upright pubescence
with which the body is clothed. In addition to the
remarkable structure of the male front tibiz, described
by M. Roelofs, it should be noticed that the hind tibiz
have a slight excavation on the apical portion of the
inner face, that the metasternum and first abdominal
segment are impressed, but that the apical ventral
segment is not trough-like, but vaguely irregularly
impressed. It is not noticed in M. Roelofs’ description
that the antenne are in larger part black, and that there
is a vague, denuded black stripe, along the side of each
wing-case.

4. Phyllobius annectens, n. sp.

Gracilis, niger, viridi-squamulatus, pube laxa, erecta, minus dense
vestitus ; antennis elongatis, tenuibus, ex parte rufis. Long. 8-9 mm.

This is allied to P. armatus, and is distinguished from
other species, except the one mentioned, by the erect,
soft pubescence clothing the body. ‘The front tibiew of
the male are like those of P. armatus, but are more
slonder; while on the ether hand the hind tibiz are
more evidently dilated at the tip, and more deeply
emarginate on the inner face. ‘I'he abdominal characters
of the male are like those of P. armatus, but the apical
ventral plate is more regularly depressed in a longitudinal

100 _ Mr. David Sharp on the

manner along the middle. The female may be distin-
guished from the same sex of P. armatus by the narrower
form, the absence of a denuded stripe on the side of the
wing-case, while in general appearance it is intermediate
between the species named and P. longicornis.

Nikko and Kashiwagi, in June.

5, Phyllobius rotundicollis.

P. rotundicollis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,
p..L67,

This remarkable species is distinguished by the pecu-
liar ashy or cinereous clothing of the upper surface, which
has a more or less indistinct metallic shimmer, but is
entirely absent from a broad stripe on the side of the
wing-case: the clothing is more like hair than scales.
The eyes are very convex, and the head above them is
much swollen. ‘There is great difference between the
sexes. The apical ventral segment of the male is
broadly and deeply impressed, and the segments in front
of it are also more or less impressed, as well as the hind
part of the metasternum. ‘The teeth on the femora are
elongate and spiniform.

P. rotundicollis is apparently a rare insect, and has
only been met with at Nagasaki. It occurs in early
spring: April 12th, 1881.

6. Phyllobius nigritus, n. sp.

Nigricans, hand squamosus, pube tenuissima erecta parce
vestitus, pedibus antennisque rufo-obscuris, his tenuibus, per-
elongatis. Long. 7 mm.

This species differs from the other Japanese Phyllobiui
hitherto brought to light by the absence of scales or
coloured hairs, resembling in this respect the European
P. oblongus, to which, however, it is, in other respects,
but little allied. The antenne are as slender as those of
any species I have seen of the genus, and are also very
Jong; the club is particularly slender, and is acuminate.
Head coarsely rugose, inflated above the eyes, depressed
between these, which are very convex. Thorax very
densely rugose-punctate, opaque. Elytra with very
regular series of punctures, the interstices slightly con-

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 101

vex; the very fine hair is quite short in front, but on the
apical part is longer and more conspicuous. The femora
are each armed with a remarkably prominent tooth, that
on the middle and hind femora being more abrupt and
spine-like than usual.

The male differs much from the female, being of more
long and slender form, with the antennz: somewhat
longer and the femora more inflated. The breast and
the first ventral plate are depressed in the middle, and
the terminal ventral segment is broadly, rather deeply im-
pressed ; there are slight depressions on the penultimate
and antepenultimate segments.

Hitoyoshi in Kiushiu, May 8th, 1881: a small series.

[Phyllobius picipes. |

P. picipes, Motsch., Etudes ent. ix., p. 20 (1860) ;
Desbrochers, Abeille, xi., 1873, p. 660.

Motschoulsky’s description is of little importance, but
he remarks that the species is 4-5 mm. long, that it
resembles P. argentatus, and that the eyes are “ sub-
prominuli.”” Desbrochers’ description was made from a
specimen sent by Motschoulsky to Jekel; and of this
Desbrochers says that the eyes are “ trés-saillants, trés-
détachés.” ‘This renders it clear that Motschoulsky
mixed together at least two very distinct species—the
prominence of the eyes being of very great importance
in the Japanese Phyllobii—and I think his name should
be consigned to oblivion.

7. Phyllobius japonicus.

Minor, niger, sat dense viridi-squamosus, pedibus autennisque
rufo-obscuris, his clava nigra. Long. 5 mm.

? Phyllobius japonicus, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1., 1889,

p. 221.

Distinguished from the other species by smaller size,
and by stouter, less elongate antenne, as well as by the
almost total absence of external sexual distinctions. The
clothing consists of minute, brilliant green scales, which,
however, are not closely placed, and of short pubescence,
which is fine and not erect, and therefore inconspicuous.
‘The eyes, though strongly prominent, are not so much
so as in the various preceding species. The form of the

102 Mr. David Sharp on the

rostrum and scrobes is that of P. calearatus. The scape
is strongly bent, moderately Jong and stout, the club
rather short; there is no swelling over the eyes. The
thorax is small, much narrower than the elytra, nearly
straight at the sides. The elytra are rather long and
narrow, and have no denuded lateral stripe. All the
femora are dentate, the tooth being rather broad and
short; the hind tibiz are somewhat cut away on inner
face of their lower half, and this part is minutely crenate
or tuberculate.

Kashiwagi, in the southern part of the Main island,
June 20th, 1881 : a small series.

Two females have no metallic coloration, the elytra
being covered with a fine pubescence somewhat as is
P. nigritus. I consider them to be only a variety of
DP. japonicus.

P. japonicus was described by Faust from a single
example, said to be of the female sex. It is not quite
clear from the description that it 1s certainly this species,
but I cannot reconcile Faust’s description with any other,
except this species.

8. Phyllobius polydrusoides, un. sp.

Squamulis lete viridi-micantibus dense vestitus ; antennis
scapo in medio abrupte curvato, fere angulato. Long. 5 mm.

This is a very remarkable species, of which only one
example has been found. It has the appearance of a
Polydrusus more than of a Phiyllobius, and the head has
a marked angular prominence on each side over the eyes,
much the same as in Polydrusus pterygomalis. The scape
is short, nearly black, just before the middle abruptly
bent, the outer part incrassate, the club short, and not
acuminate. Rostrum very short, the scrobes not definite,
but attaining the eye; this latter convex very remote
from the thorax, the front of the rostrum quite flat.
Thorax rather small and short, brilliantly scaled. Elytra
covered with scales of a beautiful green colour, without
any admixture of pubescence, the series of punctures quite
distinct, the external one deeply impressed at the tip,
and broader, so as to mark off there a sort of inferior
margin. Legs black, clothed with some setw, tarsi
piceous. Femora each armed with a slender tooth, that
on the anterior being minute.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 103

This species might be separated as a distinct genus. A
single example only was found at Kashiwagi, June 19th,

1881.

9. Phyllobius incomptus, nu. sp.

Dense griseo-squamosus, in elytris maculis obscuris indistinctis
subvariegatus, antennis rufis; femoribus vix incrassatis, dente
minuto armatis. Long. 5}-6 mm.

This appears to be somewhat allied to P. pomonx,
though of a different colour and with a longer Saas
The upper surface is densely covered with adpressed
scales, without any mixture of pubescence: the scales
are of a very pallid grey colour, and on the elytra are
very faintly mottled by some irregularly distributed
darker patches. The antenne are unicolorous, pale red.
The thorax is short only slightly curved at the sides, and
a little narrowed towards the front. The elytra are
rather long, become distinctly broader behind, and
notwithstanding their dense clothing of scales have very
evident punctate-strize. The under surface is densely
squamose. The legs are pale red, but much clothed
with scales and setz, there is a distinct tooth on the
middle and posterior femora. I do not see any sexual
differences.

Miyanoshita.

10. Phyllobius leechi, n. sp.

Dense griseo-squamosus, hand variegatus, antennis rufis ;
femoribus in medio leviter incrassatis, nec angulatis, nec dentatis.
Long. 5 mm

This is extremely closely allied to P. incomptus, but
must be separated on account of the unarmed femora.

I have a single specimen from the late Mr. Pryer’s
collection, given me by J. H. Leech, Esq., and there is a
specimen in Mr. Lewis’ series of Phyllobius found by
him at Kashiwagi on 16th June, 1881. The specimen
from Mr. Pryer’s collection has the antennw considerably
shorter than they are in P. incomptus, or in the example
of P. leechi from Kashiwagi.

104 Mr. David Sharp on the

DIALLOBIUS, n. gen.

Generis Phyllobii proxime affinis. Rostrum apice lato, ptery-
giatum, angulis anterioribus acutis, breviter recurvatis.

This genus has the facies of the densely scaled species
of Phyllobius — P. pomone —e.g., but the peculiar
dilatation of the apical part of the rostrum, by which the
scrobes are made anterior and entirely exposed i in front,
is diagnostic. ‘The structure of the parts of the mouth
appears to be much the same as that of Phyllobius, the
mentum is, however, rather less slender, so that the
maxille are not exposed ; the minute labial palpi are,
however, seated on the front of the mentum and quite free.
There is no trace of either vibrissze or ocular lobes.

The species of tnis genus seem to be of great rarity.

1. Diallobius inornatus, n. sp.

Dense argillaceo-squamosus, vix variegatus, antennis rufis,
femoribus dentatis. Long. 43-6 mm.

Antenne rather stout, scape scarcely surpassing the front
margin of the thorax. Club, rather short, oval, solid, but with the
sutures visible. Rostrum very densely and evenly squamose, eyes
rather large, scarcely prominent, separated by a long distance from
the thorax, this latter short, slightly curved at the sides, and
evidently narrower in front than at the base. Elytra very densely
squamose, without any pubescence, the series of fine punctures
very distinct notwithstanding the squamosity. Under surface also
densely squamose, but the clothing is on the abdomen less perfect,
on the apical segment there being merely hairs, or rather sete,
instead of scales. Legs rather stout, all the femora with a
definite tooth.

Two specimens found by the late Mr. Pryer. The
smaller specimen is probably the male.

2. Diallobius mundus, un. sp.

Dense squamosus, pallidus, subviridis, antennis rufis; femoribus
intermediis et posterioribus fortiter dentatis. Long. 5} mm.

Similar in appearance to the European P. pomonz
and allies; extremely densely covered with adpressed
scales, of a pale colour, with a very slight tinge of green,
and here and there slightly iridescent or metallic. In

Rhynchophorous Ooleoptera of Japan. 105

most other respects extremely closely allied to D.
mmornatus, the front femora are, however, though dilated
and angular beneath, provided only with a very minute
tooth. The legs are red, but on their anterior aspects
are densely squamose.

I have seen only two specimens of this elegant insect.
They were found in the Main island at Nikko and
Kashiwagi in June. It should be noticed that Mr.
Lewis found at Nikko a single immature individual of a
species of Phyllobius that resembles D. mundus almost
exactly.

3. Diallobius lewisi, n. sp.

Niger, minus dense viridi-aureo squamosus, antennis pedibusque
rufis, illis clava nigricante ; femoribus omnibus maxime dentatis,
Long. 64 mm.

A very remarkable insect, of which only a single
specimen was found, it isa male; it differs greatly from
the other two species of the genus, and bears in fact a
relation to the first division of Phyllobius, similar to that
exhibited by D. mundus and inornatus to the second
division. Rostrum with the broad apical part very
definite, not squamose, feebly bicarinate before the eyes.
Scape of antenna nearly straight, broad at the extremity,
8th joint about as long as broad, club moderately long,
acuminate. Hyes moderately large, but little prominent,
encroaching somewhat on the front of the head. Thorax
rather large, much rounded at the sides, only a little
narrower in front than behind, sparingly covered with
brilliant, hair-like scales, which do not conceal the
sculpture, this consists of moderately coarse and close
punctures, with the interstices dull, owing to a minute
coriaceous sculpture. Elytra with rows of large punc-
tures, black and shining, with brilliant hair-like scales.
Legs very peculiar, the femora flat, with extremely large
triangular acute tooth; tibiz also compressed, so as to
exhibit an edge externally, the lower part of each rather
deeply emarginate, so that a sort of obtuse angle is
formed above the middle. Under surface, shining, black,
with very little clothing.

Kashiwagi, June 22nd, 1881.

106 Mr. David Sharp on the

ScyrnHropus, Schonherr.

1. 8. scutellaris, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
Sey) ie LIS)

Yokohama: four specimens, This insect is apparently
really congeneric with the Huropean S. mustela; it has,
however, the front of the rostrum differently formed—as
pointed out by M. Roelofs—and, in addition to this
distinction, the remarkable fringe of sete on the outside
of the apical portion of the hind tibia is wanting in the
Japanese species.

Macrocorynes, Schonherr.

1. Macrocorynus discoidens, O}., Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.
Belgique, 1873, p. 167.

This E. Indian species was not found in Japan by
Mr. Lewis during his last visit. Previously the species
was only met with at Kagoshima, so that it is probably
confined in Japan to the extreme south.

My.tocervs, Schénherr.

Six species of this genus, all peculiar to Japan, have
been described by M. Roelofs, and I now add three
others. M. abnormalis might, however, be placed in
Macrocorynus with as much propriety as in Myllocerus.

1. Myllocerus naso, n. sp.

Densissime squamosus, brunneus, in elytris vage pallide-varie-
gatus, capite inter oculos canaliculato. Long. 7 mm.

Very distinct from the other Japanese Mylloceri, and
more closely allied to the Siberian M. sibiricus, Tourn. ;
readily distinguished by the structure of the apex of the
rostrum; the depression of the nasal plate being much
prolonged on to the rostrum, and forming above a very
acute angle, surrounded by a remarkably deep and definite
angular groove, which is prolonged as a fine smooth
space along the middle of the rostrum, becoming more
deeply impressed between the eyes, so as to form a short
channel there. Scape long, rather densely setose, 2nd
and 8rd joints of antenna very long, club elongate,

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 107

acuminate. Eyes coarsely facetted. Thorax much
narrower than the elytra, nearly straight at the sides,
and almost as broad behind as in front, the base very
feebly bisinuate ; the surface squamose, but with a few
large punctures, rendering it uneven. Llytra densely
squamose, and with minute and very short sete, rising
from amoug the scales; the interstices a little convex,
aud the series of punctures quite distinct. Legs rather
long, densely squamose, slender, hind femora with a
distinct small tooth, the others almost imperceptibly
dentate.

Higo, a Province in Kiushiu : one specimen.

2. Myllocerus hilleri.
Myllocerus hilleri, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit., 1., 1889,

Minor, dense griseo-squamosus, variegatus, setis erectis armatus,
antennis rufis, haud crassis, sat dense setosellis ; femoribus dente
parvo instructis. Long. 4-5 mm.

Antenne not long, rather slender, 2nd and 3rd joints only
moderately long, the 3rd scarcely so long as the 2nd. Rostrum
flat in front, not carinate or impressed, eyes rather small, quite
lateral. Thorax small, greatly narrower than the elytra, not
in the least sinuate at the base, very slightly narrower at the base
than in front ; the surface densely squamose, the squamosity paler
at the sides, the numerous sete emerging from the squamosity
very minute. Elytra extremely finely striate, the strie not
visibly punctate, densely squamose, the squamosity sordid grey,
with some very irregular nearly white patches, and a few darker.
The erect sete very distinct. Legs slender, rather short.

This insect reminds one of the European Psewdo-
myllocerus sinuatus, but the claws are not connate.
Amongst the Japanese species it can only be confounded
with Myllocerus griseus, or viridulus, but 1s very
distinct from them by the smaller thorax, smaller eyes,
and by the very conspicuous sete of the elytra. It also
differs by the flat front of the rostrum, and by the
extreme shallowness of the excision that forms the
buccal cavity.

It was found in considerable numbers at Oyama.

108 Mr. David Sharp on the

Notwithstanding some slight discrepancies with Faust’s
description, I have little doubt this is the species he had
before him.

3. Myllocerus (?) abnormalis.

Compactus, dense squamosus, variegatus, antennis pedibusque
crassis, dense squamosis, illis variegatis, tibiis compressis intus
subdentatis. Long. 6 mm.

This insect is remarkable from the incrassate antenne, and
Otiorhynchus-like rostrum. The scape is broad, compressed,
densely squamose and setose, brown, 2nd joint also brown,
joints 3-7 stout, covered with white squamosity, 8-11 black, the
last three forming a compact club. Rostrum broad at the tip,
scrobes large, converging inwards abruptly, so that the prominent
intervening space is but narrow; eyes large, rather prominent.
Thorax rather large, deeply bisinuate at the base, narrowed in
front, extremely densely squamose. Elytra densely squamose, in
colour at the base as if scorched, on the middle pale, immediately
behind the pale scales, a dark patch, the apical part coloured like
the front of the body of a pale fawn colour: striation obscure on
account of the squamosity. Legs very densely squamose, femora
dentate. Under-surface densely clothed with pale squamosity.

Of this distinct weevil only one individual was pro-
cured. Hitoyoshi, May 5th, 1881.

4. Myllocerus variabilis.

Myllocerus variabilis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.
Belgique, xvi., p. 168.

5. Myllocerus castaneus.

Myllocerus castaneus, Roelofs, p. 168, t. c.

6. Myllocerus fumosus.

Myllocerus fumosus, Faust, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr.,
XKVi., p- 201.

7. Myllocerus niqromaculatus.

Myllocerus nigromaculatus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent.
Belgique, xvi., 1873, p. 169.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 109

8. Myllocerus griseus.
Myllocerus griseus, Roelofs, t. c., p. 170.

9. Myllocerus elegantulus.
Myllocerus elegantulus, Roelofs, loc. cit.

10. Myllocerus viridulus.
Myllocerus viridulus, Roelofs, t. ¢., p. 171.

EuMYLLOCERUS, n. gen.

Ex affinitate generis Mylloceri; antennew tenues, corpore paulo
longiores; rostrum ad apicem vix incrassatum ; oculi sat prominuli,
a thorace subremoti.

The very elegant insect for which I establish this
genus, is remarkable for its long slender antenne. It is
densely clothed with beautiful pale green-golden scales,
somewhat after the fashion of Phyllobius and Polydrusus.
The scrobes are visible from the front, and have no
prolongation. The mentum and the emargination for its
reception, are remarkably small; there is no trace of
ocular lobes or vibrisse. The legs are slender, the
femora not dentate, the claws rather large, free. The
hind cox less widely separated than in many of the
allied genera.

1. Humyllocerus gratiosus, n. sp.

Dense pallide viridi-squamosus, micans ; antennis rufis, valde
elongatis, clava elongata, gracile. Long. 63-7 mm.

Scape elongate, slender, strongly curved, all the joints of the
funicle very elongate, club slender, distinctly triarticulate. Rostrum
very densely squamose, nasal depression elongate and narrow, a
minute elongate fovea between the eyes, these moderately large,
prominent. Thorax small, as broad in front as at the base, sides a
little enlarged in the middle, base feebly bisinuate. Elytra sub-
inflated, densely squamose, with numerous extremely minute
pallid set in addition to the scales, finely striate, interstices broad,
slightly convex. Scutellum long. Legs slender, nearly black,
but with much pale green squamosity ; tarsi paler, slender. Under-
side of head deeply trifoveolate, and with a fine transverse
impression, passing from the outer fovea to the front of the eye.

Kioto and Kashiwagi, in the month of May: seven
specimens.

110 Mr. David Sharp on the

HYPERSTYLUS.

Hyperstylus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,
1873, p. V71.
1. Hyperstylus pallipes, Roelofs, l. c., p. 172.

This elegant little weevil is very like a Polydrusus,
but is distinguished by the scrobes being placed quite on
the front of the very short rostrum.

Bukenji: one individual.

ANOSIMUS.

Anosimus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, 1873,
p: Lvs.

1. Anosimus decoratus, Roelofs, I. c., p. 174, pl. in, fig. 8.

A. pallidus, Roelofs, l. ¢.

The species exhibits two distinct forms, which I believe
are the sexes, the male having the tibie dilated and
angulate on the middle of the inner margin, and the
peculiar apical process of the rostrum more abruptly
elevated and prolonged. I cannot distinguish A. pallidus
as a separate species. Neither can I treat the genus as
being provided with an ocular lobe on the prothorax.

Nikko and Hitoyoshi, in May and June: apparently

very rare.

CuHLoropHANus, Germar, Auct.

Considerable difference of opinion has prevailed as to
whether the peculiar chin-piece found in some members
of this genus be a specific character or not. It is
certainly a sexual character peculiar to the male sex, and
occurring only in certain species of the genus. The
females are characterised by the possession of an ex-
tremely long mucro at the extremity of the middle tibia ;
this sex is also provided with a peculiar structure, in the
form of a very hard chitinous body, probably an ovi-
positor or piercing instrument, which, being frequently
protruded, looks like an organ of the other sex; it is,
however, bifid, whereas the cedeagus of the male is single

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 111

and acuminate. The females of several species have the
last ventral plate peculiarly formed.

1. Chlorophanus grandis.

C. grandis, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, xvi.,
187/3;-p.. L602.

Var. lugubris, n. var. Major, long. 15 mm., obscure fuscus,
elytrorum vitta laterali fere nulla.

Var. metallescens, n. var, Supra lete metallicus, prothorace
distincte ruguloso ; subtus pallidus.

A small series of this species was procured near Oyama,
in May, 1880. Although the two varieties to which I have
given names, seem at first sight very different from the
type form, I feel sure that lugubris will prove to be con-
nected with the usual state of C. grandis. I have seen
only two examples of this form; they were also found at
Oyama; a specimen found at Yokohama is apparently
intermediate. Of the variety metallescens only a single
individual was found, the locality being also Oyama; as
the sculpture of the thorax is an important character, it
may possibly prove to represent a distinct species, very
closely allied to C. grandis.

2, Chlorophanus planus, n. sp.
| 3

Dilute viridis, pallide pulverulens, parum convexus, prothorace
elytris que vitta laterale parum discreta flavescente ; prothorace
brevi, lateribus obliquis hand curvatis; elytrorum acuminibus minus
elongatis ; corpore subtus albido-viridescente. Long. 10 mm.

Pallid green, without metallic lustre. Antennz quite short,
their club reddish, the other joints black but with much white
clothing. Rostrum short, a little narrowed towards the tip.
Thorax not in the least rugose, base almost straight.

This species is readily distinguished from C. grandis
by the characters mentioned above as well as by being
only half the size, and by having the yellow stripe of the
elytra extending over two interstices instead of one. The
male has the chin-piece of the prosternum not per-
ceptibly developed. The female has the tibial mucros
much longer than they are in the male.

Nikko, June, 1880: five specimens.

112 Mr. David Sharp on the

CaNorxus.
Canoixus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xvi.,
1873, p. 172.
1. Canotxus japonicus, Roel., l.c., pl., iii., fig. 7.
This very remarkable insect has not been found again.
It has little or no relationship with Corrigetus, though it
has been suggested that it is possibly identical therewith.

The locality has not been recorded, but probably the
insect was found at Nagasaki.

Paytoscaraus, Schénherr.

1. Phytoscaphus ciliaris, Roel., Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
1873, p. 176.

This is a true Otiorhynchid though its appearance
suggests some doubt as to this fact. It was not met
with again by Mr. Lewis on his last journey.

Pyrocuus ? ? OBSCURIPES.
Ptochus obscuripes, Motsch., Bull. Mose., 1866, p. 180.

According to the description this is not a Ptochus, but
belongs probably to the winged series of Otiorhynchides.
It appears to me impossible to identify it from the
description.

SITONIDES.
Sirones, Germar, Auct.

1, Sitones japonicus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
xvi., 1873, p. 160.

Sitones is one of the most difficult of the genera of
Coleoptera, the species being distinguished by slight and
unimportant points. I think there is more than one
species in Japan, but the material yet obtained is not
sufficient for a certain conclusion on this point.

Kuenatuus, Schonherr.

The position of this genus has been quite misunder-
stood. It isso close to Sitones that it is difficult to point
to good characters for the distinction of the two; but I

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 113

find that in EF. distinctus the scrobes are more widely
distant from the eyes than they are in Sitones.

1. FE. distinctus, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique,
1873; p. 179.

E. distinctus seems to be rather common in Japan, and
varies greatly in size.

PARASITONES, nN. gen.

Generis Sitonidis per affinis ; corpus crassum, convexum, meta-
sternum brevissimum.

I can see nothing to distinguish the species for which
I establish this genus from Sitones except the short
metasternum, and the comparatively short and convex
form. I presume, from the rounded form of the elytra,
and the absence of shoulders, that the species is apterous.

1. Parasitones gravidus.

Latus, convexus, niger, capite thoraceque parce setoso-squamosis ;
elytris griseo-squamosis, obsolete maculatis. Long. 6}, lat. 35 mm,

Antenne short, obscure red, the club darker, 2nd joint rather
shorter than the 3rd, club acuminate. Eyes rather large, a little
convex. Rostrum short, closely and deeply rugose-punctate, deeply
impressed along the middle, the depression broader in front ; the
sculpture only slightly obscured by the griseous setosity. ‘Thorax
rather large, not so long as broad, much rounded at the sides, base
scarcely at all broader than the front; the sculpture remarkably
coarse, only slightly obscured by the clothing, which is inter-
mediate between sete and scales. Elytra broad and convex,
narrowed at the shoulders, so that the base is only very slightly
broader than the base of the thorax, densely clothed with minute
scales, which are griseous in colour, but varied with small darker
spots, somewhat after the manner of Liophleus nubilus, bearing
also a few short, sub-erect sete, most conspicuous on the apical
part; they are striate, and the broad interstices are slightly
convex on the declivity, the strie are punctate, at the base the
punctures become very large, but this sculpture is much obscured
by the clothing. Under-surface black, sparingly setose.

Hakone: five specimens.

Kuritonus, nov. gen. of doubtful position.
Mandibule prominentes, apicibus laminatis, rotundatis, Ungui-
culi liberi.
Mandibles prominent, and forming two laminate, rounded,
TRANS. ENT. soc. LOND. 1896,—parti. (SOth warcH.) 8

114 Mr. David Sharp on the

divergent processes, without trace of any scar, Mentum very
broad, but not entirely filling the buccal cavity, a narrow chink
being left on each side ; borne on a short very broad peduncle.
Rostrum moderately long and broad, without nasal plate, scrobes
exposed above in front, but afterwards lateral and descending,
moderately broad and definite. Antenne sub-terminal, funiculus
7-jointed, the 7th joint very abruptly separated from the
club. Thorax elongate, without ocular lobes or marginal ciliz ;
coxal cavities nearer to the front than to the hind margin. Front
tibie produced internally at the tip, inner margin not denticulate.
Middle coxe slightly separated ; mesosternal side-pieces sub-equal
in size. Metasternum quite short. Hind cox not widely
separated ; first ventral segment behind the coxe, only equal
in length to the second, which again is but little longer than the
third or the fourth, these two being almost similar. Hind tibi
broad at the tip, but the outer margin is laminate, not cavernose.
Tarsi pubescent beneath ; claws rather small but not contiguous at
the base.

This genus seems to be an extremely isolated one, and
it would be very difficult to assign it a place in any of
the divisions of Lacordaire, or of Leconte and Horn. I
think it had better therefore form a distinct group
to be placed between the Otiorhynchides and Cylindro-
rhinides. In appearance it is more like Otiorhynchide,
than any other of the groups of Rhynchophora, and is, in
fact, somewhat similar to an elongate narrow Liophleus.
The structure of the mandibles would on the N. American
system, quite remove it from the Otiorhynchide, and I
should myself take this view, were it not that in some
species of the genus Peritelus—P. senex, e. g., one of
the sexes has the mandibles formed in a somewhat
similar manner. The genus is, however, certainly not at
all allied to Peritelus, and it seems almost equally widely
separated from Meotiorhynchus in which an abnormal,

and again somewhat similar structure of the mandibles
exists.

Kurilonus insolitus, n. sp.
Elongatus, niger, elytris hispidis, setisque minutis depressis
vestitis ; antennis piceis. Long. cumque rostro 11-12 mm.
Antennz moderately long, scape thicker towards the extremity,
attaining the eyes but not passing beyond them; not squamose,
but bearing a few long sete ; 2nd joint of funiculus quite as

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. 115

long as the Ist; club rather small, very compact, pubescent,
acuminate. Rostrum narrower than the head, nearly twice as long
as broad, strigose-rugose, unimpressed, with a fovea between the
eyes, these moderately large, rather convex. Thorax rather longer
than broad, rounded at the sides and considerably narrowed
in front, covered witha peculiar dense intricate sculpture, with a
narrow smooth space along the middle. Scutellum very short and
broad, but quite distinct. Elytra elongate oval, base as broad as
the thorax, shoulders not prominent ; covered with a fine sculpture
rendering the surface somewhat leather-like, and bearing, in
addition to long erect sete, some fine depressed sete, representing
scales: there is no trace of striation or punctuation. Under-
surface destitute of scales; ventral segments quite shining
sparingly punctate.

Mr. Lewis received five examples of this interesting
insect from Ketoi one of the Kurile Islands, in 1881. It
raises a lively desire to know something more of the
insect fauna of these islands, of which we are at present
in almost complete ignorance—at any rate, so far as the
Coleoptera are concerned.

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V. Notes on Flower-Haunting Diptera. By Grorce
Francois Scotr-Enuiot, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., etc.,
communicated by Herzert Goss, F.L.S.

[Read February 19th, 1896.]

I wave recently been engaged in writing a Flora of
Dumfriesshire, and on beginning, ib seemed to me advis-
able to make a new departure in several respects from
the plan usually followed in such works, which is
practically that of the late Mr. Hewett C. Watson drawn
up in 1851. Amongst other points I have thought it neces-
sary to observe insect visitors, and for this reason. ‘The
entire dependence of most flowers on their insect clientele
for fertilisation has been proved over and over again,
and therefore it follows that to understand the distribu-
tion of species in any small area, it is necessary to know
the insects which visit the species in that area. More-
over there are many theories at present abroad as to the
origin of variations by natural causes, and as most
botanical characters depend on those parts of the flower
which are adapted to insects, the importance of a know-
ledge of these latter can scarcely be overrated.

Besides their importance in this respect, as being a
possibly direct agency in the origin of variations in
plants, insects must play an enormous indirect part in
the isolation of flowers. If flowers of the same species
are growing partly inside a sheltered and shady wood
and partly on the bare ground outside that wood, it
seems to me, from my own observations, that they will
most certainly not be visited by the sane insects. It is
not improbable that a Bombus or hive bee, or possibly
a butterfly, will visit both the forms outside the wood
and those within it; but I do not think | am at all rash
in saying that probably not 5 per cent. of those outside
will be fertilised by pollen from these inside the wood,
and vice versa. ‘This means, for reproduction, nearly
perfect isolation, and, therefore, just as we find in the
case of oceanic islands, the formation of new varieties
may proceed indefinitely.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—part 1. (SO0th Marca.)

118 My. G. F. Scott-Elliot’s notes

I must, however, state at once that I have no pre-
tensions to be an entomologist, and that in the deter-
mination of the insects I have not attempted any naming
on my own part, but have trusted entirely to the
kindness and skill of Mr. R. Service and Mr. E.
Brunetti. The flowers, whose visitors have been caught
by myself or my friends the Misses Hannay and Taylor
and Mr. Armstrong, are nearly 300 in number, and in
the work alluded to, the insects are put in their proper
place after the locality of each species.* I found, how-
ever, as I proceeded with the catching of insect visitors,
several very great difficulties. One is the want of any
handy book of English Diptera by which one could tell
the particular group of Diptera at a glance when in the
field. I do not see why such a book should not be very
easily produced by some of the members of the Entomo-
logical Society. About five plates ought to enable one
to tell at once the group (Asilide, Bombylidx, Conopide,
Dolichopide, Empide, Leptide, Muscide, Stratiomyide,
Syrphidx, etc.; there are twenty groups or families
given in Miiller’s “ Fertilisation of Plants,” p. 641. The
number of species given in this work is 253, so that a
short account and clavis of each genus and of the
species in e.g., Syrphide and Bombylidx would not make
a book of more than a hundred pages.

The next difficulty was insuperable. It is not possible
to be at the side of every flower in the flora for every
hour in the day, during the whole time that it is in
bloom, for obvious reasons. I question if it is possible
to do in a thorough manner, more than six species in a
season. Hence the visitors of these 300 flowers are
simply the usual common forms.

The first interesting point which I noticed with regard
to both Diptera and Hymenoptera was that they are
extraordinarily quick to see even the slightest motion.
By remaining perfectly still one can observe the shyest
Syrphid at work, but a very slight gesture of the hand
is sufficient to send it off like a flash, and unless one
remains very still there is no chance of getting the
majority of visitors.

The next point, which can only be proved by observa-

* A list of insects with the flowers which they visit is placed
at the end of this paper.

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. Eng

tion, remembering the foregoing hint, is mentioned chiefly
in order, if possible, to get some information from those
present at this Meeting. I have come to the conclusion
that the majority ot Diptera have a recognized space up
and down which they are continually flying. I have
frequently had to remain as quiet as possible for three
hours beside some interesting flower, and on these
occasions I have seen the same fly perpetually flying up
and down within perhaps 10 or 15 yards, occasionally
stopping to rest and then resuming its patrol. For the
carrion flies the phenomenon is very easy to observe,
and I fancy that the whole country is really marked out
into beats for each individual or pair. If a piece of
carrion or excrement is deposited on a particular spot,
it is astonishing that it should be so soon covered by
hundreds of Lucilia Cxsar, Scatophaga, etc. In fact,
I have a strong suspicion that these creatures divide the
ground in the way that vultures do in tropical countries,
and that when the first one detects the smell, the
difference in his flight or his absence from his proper
place tells that in the next beat, and so on; the know-
ledge is thus conveyed with astonishing rapidity from
beat to beat, and crowds continue to flock in until the
first comers are satisfied and fly back to their places. I
mertion this as the result of observation, though not by
an entomologist, and chiefly with a view to extracting
information. ‘The importance of it will be obvious with
regard to the question of isolation already mentioned, for if
every fly, or at any rate, most of the flower-haunting species
usually remains or remain in the same small locality under
ordinary conditions, it is obvious that there is practical
isolation in very circumscribed habitats. The larval
forms of Diptera and the plants on which they feed seem
to be very little studied, and this is also of great impor-
tance to botanists, because I fancy that this has a great
deal to do with the occurrence cf flowers in great
numbers at definite places. Thus on the bare wind-
swept low-lying seashore, between the Annan and Kirtle,
I found the Diptera very few in number and particularly
limited in species. Such flies as Lwucilia, Anthomyia
radicum and Chortophila, appeared to fertilize most of the
seaside plants. On the other side of the Solway,
where there are cliffs, and these are interrupted by
bays and many small burns, the abundance of

120 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elhot’s notes

Diptera is extraordinary. I suspect the shelter
afforded by these bays and valleys has much to do with
this abundance.

Speaking generally, these flower-haunting Diptera
appear to be far most frequent cn plants which grow in
enormous numbers wherever they do occur. ‘Thus on
Spergula arvensis I found Syritta, three species of
Platuchirus, Rhingia, Empis vitripennis and many
Anthomyia, Scatophaga, etc. ‘This was also the case
on the common watercress, which is visited by Volucella
bombylans, Eristalis arbustorum, HE. sepulchralis, Helo-
philus pendulus, Syritta pipiens, Platychirus clypeatus,
P. peltatus, Empis livida, and fourteen other Diptera and
Coleoptera. On the more local and scattered N. palustre
I only discovered three common Anthomyids.

Probably this explains why it is that so many plants
have taken to contracting their inflorescence so that a
very large number of flowers can be visited by insects in
avery short time. ‘Thus, of all the plants which I have
studied, perhaps the following are the most visited by
Diptera and other insects, viz., the dwarf elder, sheepsbit,
Umbellifere, particularly Cicuta and Angelica, and of
course the Compositx, notably Aster tripolium,

On flowers which come early in the spring or late in
the autumn, there is, in favourable weather, quite an
extraordinary number of insects. I consider this to be
probably due to the whole available insect force being
concentrated on just those few forms which happen to be
in bloom. The following list of visitors:—Hive bee,
five species of Bombus, Pieris napi, Hristalis pertinax,
Sericomyia borealis, Platychirus albimanus, Syrphus
balteatus, S. topiarius, Anthomyia radicum,* would be at
once supposed to belong to some very high type of flower,
such as a Labiate, but in reality they were all caught on
the common bramble or blackberry, which probably
attracted them because the special bee-flowers were not
then in bloom. Similarly the early spring buttercup or
pilewort rejoices in a large number of guests, e.g., Hive
bee, Mantua napi, Melanostoma, Platychirus albimanus,
Empis punctata, E. bilineata, Hyetodesia basalis, Chilosia
sp., Anthomyia sp., and Meligethes.

* By the author, Miss Hannay, and Mr. J. C. Willis.

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. 121

One point which comes out very clearly in many
different cases is also illustrated by the buttercups.
That is, that the water-loving forms of a genus, such as
in this case R. aquatilis and Rf. sceleratus, are visited by
perfectly extraordinary swarms of very low-class Diptera,
while the guests of the land-forms though fewer in
number, are of a much higher type (eg., R. ficaria,
v.s.). These water species of a genus are also usually
botanically less specialised than their land allies,* so that
the specialisation of the insects and of their hosts has
advanced together.

This corresponding rise in the scale of specialisation
of guests and host together comes out very clearly in a
variety of genera, und is strongly in favour of the
correctness of the general theory to which I shall allude
later on. Thus Gewm urbanum is yellow and of a simple
open type, and is visited by Srphona geniculata,
Hydrotea dentipes, Anthomyia radicum, and Hylemyiu
strigosa. ji

Geum rivale is red and of a very much more com-
plicated type, and this is visited by Bombus muscorum
and hortorwm, as well as hingia rostrata,

Hpilobium angustifolium has also a larger, more
tubular and one-sided flower than the ordinary willow
herb HL. montanuwm. Hence one finds upon it the hive
bee and bumbles as the most regular visitors. (Apis,
Bombus lucorum, B. pratorum, Vespa sylvestris, and
Cyrtoneura stabularis).

The other only received the visits of Syritta pipiens,
Platychirus elypeatus, Siphona cristata, and Anthomyia
radicum.

The cloudberry, Rubus chamemorus, is also either
degraded or an earlier form of Rubus than the common
blackberry, and hence it is not surprising that only a
species of Hmpis, which Mr. Brunetti thinks is new to
Britain, Anthomyia radicum, Siphona cristata, and
Hydrotea dentipes were discovered upon it. ‘Two very
curious instances of the effect of structure of flower on
insect visitor may be mentioned in this connection.
Corydalis, a kind of poppy, belonging to one of the earliest

* R. sceleratus has small petals, conical axis, etc., and R. aquatilis
is white, not yellow.

122 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot’s notes

and least specialised orders, has a corolla closed like
that of the peas, and its visitors are the regular pea-
flower types, Apis, three species of Bombus, Apathus,
and Andrena. ‘The Labiatx are, again, of all orders the
most obviously adapted to bees, and the most constantly
visited by them; for instance, of the fifteen flowers of
‘this order observed by myself and friends, the visitors
were invariably bumble bees and hive bees, except in one
case,—Mentha arvensis,—where we found only Scato-
phaga, Siphona, Hydrotea, Lophius, and Telephorus. This
flower is, again, a water-loving form, and also of very
much simpler structure than any of the other plants of
this order studied.

The flower-haunting Diptera are very much more import-
ant than most observers imagine in fertilisation. ‘Thus
such genera as Galium, Myosotis, some species of Veronica,
and the smaller geraniums, particularly G. lucidum, appear
to be chiefly dependent on Syrphidx for setting seed.
Now in Sir J. Lubbock’s book, ‘‘ Ants, Bees, and Wasps,”
these Diptera are somewhat markedly left out in the
cold, so that a few facts, drawn from my experience, as
to their colour, sense, and intelligence, may be of interest.
I am obliged to admit that they are more frivolous than
bees, and perhaps visit only three flowers in half an hour,
during which time a Bomhus might visit at least one hun-
dred. On the other hand, they do not, as a rule, mix their
honeys, but keep pretty steadily (though not so closely
as a true bee) to one particular nectar. [ have seen this
particularly with Hmpis vitripennis when visiting Linwm
catharticum, which was growing along with many other
flowers. It kept steadily tothe Linuwns for a considerable
time.

Their colour sense is quite clearly obvious from the
following table. The most remarkabie fact in it is, that
not one of these sixteen Diptera is confined to yellow and
white flowers. Sixty-one per cent. of the flowers visited
by hingia rostrata are blue or red, and usually the
white flowers visited are under 50 per cent. of the
whole.

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. 123

Number of :
Bone ee Figean Hite es, eens
Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Percent.
Empis bilineata 8 50 25 vee 25
» livida 10 40 10 30 20
» vetripennis . 6 50 1h 33) ae
Eristalis arbustorum . 9 67 22 sae 11
s pertinuz . .| 14 64 Ze 14 ee
Melanostoma mellinum 9 45 33 22 oe
Morellia hortorum . 9 29 29 29 13
Onesia sepulchralis 6 33 33 33 as
Platychirus albimanus 25 40 24 2, 24
‘ clypeatus 25 20 36. 20 24
7" manicatus| 15 54 6 40) “36
An peltatus 15 47 13 27 13
Rhingia rostrata . . ts 23 16 46 15
Syritta pipiens. . .| 21 67 24 CP al peers
Syrphus cinctellus . . < 58 | 14 14 14
a GUMCSUE sc | lid 48 om 10 5
FHLYMENOPTERA. | |

Bombus muscorum . 45 11 [Sie 849 22*
Andrena albicans. . 8 50 = 5 ile ll aca (San
Allantus nothi . . . 18 53 26 16 5)

It thus appears that, though Bombus muscorum is far
more red-loving than the higher Diptera, this is by no
means the case for the smaller bees. ‘here are in fact
only four of the sixteen Diptera quoted, which are
fonder of white flowers than Andrena albicans and
Allantus nothi. The fact that blue and purple flowers,
which are held by Miiller and others to be particularly
adapted to bees, and almost entirely fertilised by them,
are very frequently visited by these Diptera, is particularly
important. Hmpis bilineata, Platychirus albimanus and

* Miller gives for flies 67°93 per cent. white and yellow flowers
and 30°3 per cent. of red and blue; for higher bees 36°6 per cent.
white and 63°3 per cent. red and blue, cf. 29 per cent. white and
71 per cent. red and blue in this table: for small bees 63:8
per cent. white and 36:2 per cent. red or blue ; while here it
is 83 per cent. white and 17 per cent. red. “Alpenblumen,” :1881,
p. 512.

124 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elhot’s notes

clypeatus, are more blue in their tastes even than Bombus
muscorum ; aud no less than ten of these sixteen Diptera
habitually visit flowers of this colour. Very much the
same deduction can be drawn with regard to their taste
for red tints. Platychirus manicatus and Rhingia are —
nearly as fond of red as the Bombus muscorwm, and only
five out of these sixteen Diptera are less fond of red
than Andrena albicans and Allantus.

If, in fact, we take the average colour-preferences of
these sixteen Diptera, we find them to be as follows:
Average of Diptera: 46 per cent. white; 22 per cent.
yellow ; 21 per cent. red; 10 per cent. blue; from which
it clearly follows that these Diptera are of far more
advantage to red and blue flowers than either Andrena
or Allantus.

When, instead of taking colour in flowers as a base of
classification, we look to complexity of structure; we
find ourselves at once in a position of considerable
difficulty. The structure of flowers cannot be easily
brought into perfectly definite and unmistakable groups
such as are furnished by the four colours already
mentioned.

If we group flowers according to their natural orders,
and tabulate insect visits to those orders, the result is
quite meaningless, because plants belonging to the same
order, or even genus, are in respect to insects of very
different complexity. ‘Thus, Geranium sylvaticum, e.1.,
is visited by insects which bodily enter the open cup-like
flower; while Geraniwm lucidum is visited by insects
which stand on the petal and insert the proboscis into
the narrow short tube. Hence I found on Geraniwm
sylvaticum, Apis, Bombus pratorum, B. muscorum,
Halictus cylindricus, Nomeda lateralis, Hmpis tessellata,
HE. pennata, EH. vitripennis, and sp., Platychirus pel-
tatus, P. manicatus, and five Anthomyidx, which could
not be named. That is a very varied and extensive
clientele.

On Geranium lucidum, on the other hand, I only
found Syrphus cinctellus, Melanostoma mellinum, Platy-
chirus manicatus (though in great numbers); but no
Anthomyide or Hymenoptera. This represents, of
course, a very different set of visitors. The difference
in Leguminose betwixt the small yellow trefoils and
Ornithopus and the rest of the order is also most

on Flower-Haunting Diptera. 125

remarkable, and similar differences occur in almost all
orders and more than one genus. Miiller tabulates
several orders with their visitors, and his example has
been followed in this country by Mr. J.C. Willis and
others.

However, as a rough classification, in order to obtain
some insight into the intelligence of these Diptera, |
arranged all the flowers which [ have examined into six
divisions :—

1. Ranunculus group, including all open flowers rich
in pollen, into which any insect may enter bodily.

2. Crucifer group, including such forms as Umbelli-
fere, Galium, Alisma, as well as all Composite with
extremely short florets, such as, e.g., Daisy.

8. Veronica, Myosotis, ete., i.e., flowers with a distinct
though short tube, and which involve higher intelligence
in their clients than the preceding.

4. The long-tubed Composite such as Carduus, and also
Lychinis, ete.

5. The smaller Leguininose, Medicago, Ornithopus, and
Trifolium procumbens,

6. The larger Leguininose.

To these six classes I have added Ajuga (or Huphrasia),
Scilla, and Orchis.

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on Flower-Haunting Diptera. Parl

In words this may be translated to mean that these
Diptera are, on the whole, more intelligent than the
lower class Hymenoptera.

Three species of Diptera visit species of Orchidacez.
In fact, Syrphus ribesii, Eristalis pertinaa, and Hmpis
vitripennis, appear to be the main agents in effecting the
fertilisation of our common British forms. The only
other insect which I have myself as yet discovered on
these plants is Argynnis aglaia; my friend, Mr. Arm-
strong, however, reports that he has observed certain
“large brown and sulphur moths” feeding on Habenaria
bifolia.*

Nine of these Diptera are found either on the larger
Leguminosex, flowers of the Bugle type, or on Orchids ;
and this is sufficient to show a very considerable amount
of intelligence.

It is not easy to bring these insects into any series
which will show their relative ability, but judging from
the preceding table, the following is a pretty sound
grading of their inteliigence :—

Crass 1. Bombus.

» 2 Hmpis vitripennis, Hristalis pertinax, Syrphus
ribestt.

», 3 Hmpis livida, Melanostoma, Platychirus albi-
manus, P. clypeatus, P. peltatus, Rhingia,
Allantus.

», 4 Remainder, including Andrena albicans.

It remains to point out the bearing of the foregoing
remarks on the use of Diptera and other insect visitors.

I have not found any confirmation of certain theories
which suggest that the actual probing of an insect’s
proboscis, or the friction of its feet have any influence
in determining the growth of hairs, or the flow of sugar
to that particular part of the flower ;+ it is, of course,
probable that the continual draining away of nectar from
a certain spot wili induce a larger supply to come to that
particular position, just as the continual use of a certain
muscle will produce a greater enlargement of it. It is
even probable that such a demand for nectar may be
inherited, but this is not yet proved.

* T have taken specimens of Leucania turca in the New Forest *
with the pollinia of this species attached to their heads.—H. G.

tT The researches of M. Kustenmacher on Galls, Bot. Gaz., xx.,
p. 497, are, so far as hairs are concerned, rather against this view,
which is not, to my knowledge, supported by any direct evidence. -

128 Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot on Flower-Haunting Diptera.

On the other hand, I am far more certain of the depend-
ence of flowers on insects than I was before. When
such minute forms as Draba verna, Subularia aquatica,
or such “typical wind-fertilised ” species as the Burnet,
Salad Burnet, and Dog’s Mercury, and species of such
genera as Thalictrwm and Plantago are found to be
visited by insects, as I have myself seen in the course of
my work, it leads one to doubt if wind-fertilisation is
ever of much use. A simple mathematical proof shows
that the chances of a piece of pollen from one flower
reaching that of another growing within a foot of it, is
about one to three hundred; but if an insect is on one
flower, for any purpose, the chance that it will go to the
next visible flower is probably ten to one.

It seems to me that these Diptera will probably yield
the most valuable results in investigating the origin of
plant species, for they visit all kinds of flowers, and
possess both colour-sense and intelligence, as I have
tried to show. In fact, it is to them that we probably
owe all the neatly made, small and bright-coloured
forms which are particularly abundant in this country.
It is not possible now to say definitely, that this or that
insect is responsible for such a flower (though I think,
myself, I could say it for certain forms); a genus in
which seven species have been studied by us, and
on which we have found hive bees and bumbles in all
cases except two, would imply a very high botanical
structure. Yet this genus is Hypericum, the flowers of
which are very simple.

Still I think from my own experience, there can be no
possible doubt either that the flower has modified the
habits and structure of the insect, or that the insect
has modified the habit and structure of the flower. Of
the two, it seems to me, as a botanist, that the flower
has been the predominant factor ; but this opinion may
be the result of prejudice.

Notr.—Mr. G. H. Verrall, who has kindly looked through this
paper, says that it is difficult to distinguish Kmpis vitripennis from
about twenty closely allied species, several of which are yet un-
recorded as British ; that Evistalis pertinax has never been clearly
differentiated in print, and that both Syrphus cinctellus and
S. ribesii are very difficult to distinguish from numerous allied
species.— H. G.

VI. Notes on Pupx—Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys,
and Pterophorus. By THomas ALGeRNON CHAPMAN,
M.D., F.E.S.

[Read November 6th, 1895.]
Pirates VI. & VII.

THis communication is in continuation of my previous
Notes on Pupe (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893-94). It
refers especially to a character of certain pup, that
occurs and appears to show a relationship ina large group
of Tineina, and incidentally it deals with the plume moths,
and some forms that have, or are supposed to have,
affinities with them.

I may, in the first place, correct two errors in my
previous papers ; the most important of these, or at any
rate the one for which I feel I am most to blame, is as
to the free segments in the Limacodide. In the Lima-
codids, not only are segments (abdominal) 3, 4, 5, 6, free,
but also 1 and 2, in the sense in which I now understand
the word, that is, they are not soldered to the wings and
appendages, and appear to be capable of independent
movement on each other. It is extremely probable that
the insect, however, never does so move them, and rarely,
if ever, indeed, moves the others, being packed closely in
and well protected by its cocoon. In explanation of my
error, | may say that these two segments are so closely
applied to the appendages, that when one separates them
by traction in the hving pupa one fears to tear the
delicate pupa to pieces, and suspects that the separation
is made by breaking down actual slight soldering—an
occurrence which I have pointed out takes place very
readily in those pup in which the process of fusion of
the parts is in its early stages, the greater part, that is,
of the lower “ Incomplete” in fact, such as Limacodids,
Nepticulids, Adelids, etc. Then in the empty case all
segments and appendages are so freely separate that this
state of the pupa throws no light on the extent of solder-
ing in the living pupa. ‘The error is only of importance

TRANS. ENT. soc. LOND. 1896.—partir. (june Ist.) 9

130 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

as showing that the Limacodids must take even a lower
place than I had given them.

The other error was as to the structure of the pupa of
the Nolidx, due to my having only dead or empty pupe.
An examination of living pupz shows that this pupa
possesses only one free seoment, viz., the fifth (abdominal),
and is, therefore, probably in no way directly related to the
Macro-heterocera. I hope to deal with this more fully in
some future communication.

There is a pupal piece I have not hitherto referred to,
having no clear idea as to its relationships, and have
passed over as a portion of the anterior head cover (or
face-piece), which no doubt it is. Nor have I studied it
enough to know its range, except that it occurs chiefly in
low micro forms. It is often a separate piece between
the face-piece proper and the dorsal head-piece ; it does
not divide in the middle line on dehiscence, but remains
in one piece. It is probably the dorsal-plate belonging
to the antennal section of the head, as distinguished
from the face-piece proper, which is the anterior plate
or plates belonging to the mouth parts. Though it has
no bearing on the subject of this paper, I take this
opportunity of calling attention to it.

In my paper, read Feb. 22nd, 1893, I made it suffi-
ciently clear that the section Incomplete included the
more generalised and ancient forms, and that the Obtectz
were more specialised and more modern. By putting
this, however, into a tabular form, I believe I conveyed the
impression that there was some sort of gulf between
them, and what is especially erroneous, though much the
same thing in another form, that the Obtecte were more
closely related to each other than any of them were to
any of the Incomplete, and this misapprehension was
probably favoured by my taking the number of free
abdominal segments as the most typical indication of the
extent to which a pupa belonged to the more generalised
forms. No doubt that is so, but the other directions in
which fusion of parts (the character of Oltect2) has
failed to obtain, is also of importance.

The feature of an Incomplete pupa that is usually most
persistent—that is, appears most frequently in the highest
forms—is the presence of the portion, that I at one
time supposed might be an anterior portion of the pro-
thorax, but which I think there can be no doubt is the

Orneodes, Hpermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 131

dorsal-plate of the head, or of the last segment of the
head, viz., the one to which the eyes belong. This is
present in no true butterfly, but is present in Skippers,
and carries the eye-covers with it on dehiscence ; it is to
be found in a few families of the true Macro-heterocera,
some Geometers, the Thyatiridx, and the Lasiocampide,
suggesting that amongst these we may find the lowest
families of the macros, “and their line of origin from the
micros. Illogical and exploded as the terms macro and
micro may be, I still think their retention useful for the
present, in place of such periphrases as the more special-
ised and more generalised, etc., meaning by macro the
higher Obtectx, and by micro the lower Incompletx#, and
describing intermediate families as possessing such-and-
such macro or micro characters. In this connection I
should like to allude to the extent to which I regard the
Tineina as not bemg a homogeneous superfamily or
family. So far as it is not a mere question of names—i.e.,
what we shall call a family, and what a sub-, and what a
superfamily, what a tribe, and so forth—but a question
of fact, that is, of the amount of divergence between the
several groups, then the pupal structure shows that there
is a divergence between the Gracilaridx (including Litho-
colletes), the Nepticulidx, and the Argyresthidx, which is
much greater than that between, say, any family of
Noctuina and the Notodontide.

That this view is not without foundation is tolerably
evident when we find Prof. Packard, whose authority
on such a matter is of the highest, not merely dividing
one genus of Timex (Micropteryx) mto two families, which
was all I had courage for, but erecting one of them
(Eriocephalide) ito a suborder, and the other as an
equivalent to all the remaining families of Lepidoptera.

Being somewhat emboldened by this advance, and
adopting Prof. Packard’s conclusions on this point, and
reviewing the apparent relationships of the most gene-
ralised forms of Lepidoptera, feeling also that we have
not sufficiently realised the extent of our unacquaintance
with very many forms that are required to bridge over
the divergences that exist between even these earliest
forms,'an ignorance due to our not having met with
them, not having learned their life-history so as to under-
stand their positions, or, and most frequently no doubt,
to their no longer existing, 1 would suggest that there

132 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

were other families of Palzolepidoptera (Packard)
besides the Micropterygide. Hepialus, and Nepticula, —
and possibly Psyche, being derived from Palo-
lepidoptera, without any intermediate forms that we
now possess, and yet certainly not from the Microptery-
gidx ; and that the lines of evolution diverged from this
low point.

Micropteryx unquestionably led directly to the Adelide,
(Prodowide, Packard) via Incurvaria, and thence to the
great mass of the families of Tineina, including two at
least of the families I have before me in this paper.

There happens to be one character (pupal) which first
appears in the Adelidw, and which may, I think, be
taken as strong evidence that any family possessing it
belongs to this series. This character is a remarkable
narrowing of the prothoracic plate, and a great increase in
the size, especially longitudinally, of the dorsal head
plate (cephalothoracic piece). This conformation gives a
very definite facies to all the forms that possess it to any
decided degree, in consequence of a further fact, that is
always more or less associated with it, though why it
should necessarily be so is not very clear—this is, that
the narrow ribbon of prothorax forms a depressed neck,
and the head swells out in front, sometimes with quite a
globular projection.

This series is especially the Tineid as distinguished
from the Tortricid stirps, beginning with the Adelids and
passing through the Tineidx, with sundry branches,
reaching in Hpermenia the critical pomt in which it
passes from the micro to the macro type. Having
Orneodes as a definite and probably terminal form derived
from this point, but passing on to the higher families
that I have called Pyraloids, a term I desire to restrict to
forms usually classed as Tineina, making the Pyrales a
separate group, but including with them Depressaria and
some other so-called Tineid families.

These Pyraloids include Yponymeuta, Argyresthia,
Plutella, Laverna, Elachista, etc. All these are char-
acterised like the Pyrales, and like the whole lower part
of this stirps by the preservation of the maxillary palpi,
not only in the pupa but alsoin the imago. Coleophora
deserves separate consideration: it is not only equally
high with these in having a generally obtect form of pupa
(five and six only, free in both sexes), but is higher in

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Plerophorus. 133

having Jost the maxillary palpi. It is, however, lower, in
one sense perhaps higher, in having carried the cha-
racteristic peculiarity of the stirps to an extreme point,
viz., the prothoracic plate is dwindled to so narrow a
quantity, that in many species (I cannot, of course,
answer for all) it is quite evanescent in the middle line.

For these and for the following reasons also, I am
inclined to claim for Coleophora that it is derived from
Adelide by a line of descent parallel to (and of course
as long as) that of the Pyraloids, but quite separately
at least from a very low point. [am too ignorant to be
able to say that all intermediate representatives have been
lost, but they have not yet been recognised by me. The
other points of resemblance are especially that the some-
what unusual structure of the last segments of the pupa
of Coleophora is almost identical with that of Lampronia
and some other Adelids, of Bucculatrix and other of the
lower forms. That it is a casebearer like Adelidz is,
of course, not without its significance, though it would
not be difficult to believe this to be an independently
acquired habit. Another important point of resemblance
is in the ovipositing apparatus.

No doubt these are structures given to great variation
and may differ exceedingly in closely related forms, but
when we consider the remarkable specialisation of this
apparatus in Adelids, and that this is practically lost in
the Pyraloids, it seems impossible to believe that almost
precisely the same apparatus would be again elaborated
for a purpose that would be served by a much simpler
structure equally well.

In Micropteryx the dorsal plates of the ninth abdominal
segment form a cutting knife. In Incwrvaria the dorsal
plate of the eighth 1s partially modified for its support. In
all the other Adelidx I have examined, both dorsal plates
are extremely modified (as described by Dr. Wood,
Ent. M. M., vol. 27, p. 175), one as a knife and the other
as a support. In Coleophora the structure is almost pre-
cisely the same, except that the horny knives of the
Adelids, hard, shar p, and polished for cutting plant
tissues, are in Coleophora rounded and furnished with
tactile hairs, and are adapted for searching in inflorescence
and for a nidus for the eggs, but not for cutting.

I may refer parenthetically to Gracilaria and Litho-
colletis, which have advanced to the stage of having the

134 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

first four abdominal segments fixed, retaining the normal
armature and method of dehiscence of micros; they have
the large head-piece characteristic of this series. They
have also lost the maxillary palpi, so that they are not
in the direct line to the Pyraloids and must be regarded
as occupying a terminal position in that branch of the
series to which they belong—and probably came from
Adelids by way of Tischeria, missing Tinea.

One more immediate object in this paper has reference
to the degree of relationship, or want of it, existing
between Orneodes and Pterophorus. Chrysocorys also
has long been associated with Pterophorus in our list, and
as Orneodes and Chrysocorys both belong to this series
with large head plates, it is necessary to refer to it
thus in some detail. I have associated with them the
genus (family) Hpermenia, as it occupies a somewhat
critical position in the series.

It is remarkable that the pupa with the free seventh
segment of the male has so universally the habit of
emerging from the cocoon. Pterophorus was for a long
time the only exception I knew of. But Hpermenia torms
another. Since it may very naturaily be supposed that I
regard this unusual coincidence as evidence of alliance, I
hasten at once to say that I think it has no such signifi-
cance. The fact is that the habit and the structure
appear to have always been lost together, except in the
case of Pterophorus (and again in Hepialus, which is the
reverse case); and the wonder is that there should not
be more instances than that of Hpermenia, in which we,
as it were, surprise the change actually occurring, and
find that the habit does cease a fractional time before the
structure.

If we suppose Epermenia, which preserves the maxillary
palpus, to lose the freedom of the male seventh segment,
we have in essentials the pupa of these families, which I
group together as Pyraloids, viz., Hlachista, Laverna,
Asychna, Plutella, Argyresthia, Yponymeuta, and some
others. Pyrales differ little from these except in the
much diminished size of the dorsal head-plate and, in the
higher genera, in the appendages not projecting beyond
the fourth abdominalsegment. Still I have not yet qnite
satisfied myself that the Pyrales are really a continuation
of this series.

Orneodes differs from Hpermenia in losing the mobility

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus, 135

of the seventh segment, but it loses also the maxillary
palpus, so that it is not in the direct line of the Pyraloids,
but a lateral branch.

Chrysocorys retains the same formula of free segments
as Tinea, and has retained also the habit of emerging from
the cocoon for dehiscence. It has, moreover, entirely modi-
fied and altered the dorsal armature of the abdominal
segments which most forms that retain that habit pre-
serve, and has in all its stages attained a very modified
and isolated position.

Pterophorus presents as a pupa no point of connection
at all near to any of these others. As to its relation to
Chrysocorys, the pupe of both belong to the forms with
three free segments in the female and four in the male.
This is, however, a very large group, and possesses forms
as far apart as Tortrix, Sesia, Cossus, Tinea, Simethis,
Castnia, etc., and it is quite possible, perhaps even pro-
bable, as I have already suggested, these have more than
one line of origin from lower forms, so that this does not
go very far in showing relationship.

Pterophorus has acquired a habit which no other pupa
in this section possesses, except Hypercallia, if it be a
true Pyraloid—viz., it attaches itself by a cremaster and
has no power of progression, and possesses no maxillary
palpus. Chrysocorys has a small maxillary palpus, and
possesses, in full vigour, the power of emerging from its
cocoon. LHspecially perhaps it has a very decided and
definite cocoon. I have not seen any Pterophorws cocoon
anywhere near it. The most important point of all,
perhaps, is that Chrysocorys has a very narrow pro-
thorax and a fairly large head-piece, and belongs there-
fore to the Tineid stirps; the reverse being the case
in Pterophorus, yet the minute trace of head-piece carries
the eye-cover on dehiscence. As regards its panoply of
hairs, spines, bristles, and other appendages, the different
species of Pterophorus present immense variety, some
being very smooth and plain and with a delicate shell,
others most elaborately clothed with hairs and spines of
various arrangements, but none are at all like Chryso-
corys with its combination of hooked spines, recurved
hairs, and projecting spiracles. Acanthodactylus has some
resemblance to it, but it does not go beyond the
possession of recurved spines on certain segments, not
in detail at all ike those of Chrysocorys.

136 Dr. T, A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

When we come to the larva, Pterophorus again presents
very great variation from a nearly smooth larva to a very
hairy one, and some species possess hairs with expanded
tips essentially the same as those of Chrysocorys ; but
then such hairs, moderately developed, are found in very
many families of Lepidoptera. The relations of the
several tubercles to each other vary a good deal in
Pterophorus, and, as I read Mr. Dyar’s descriptions,
there are one or two species with tubercles disposed as
in Chrysocorys, by one and two (trapezoidals) and four
and five (post ? and subspiracular) being almost united.

When we come to the egg, Pterophorus varies again
here within wide limits, but there is not even a remote
suggestion of the structure found in Chrysocorys.

These differences, whilst placing Chrysocorys nearer
to Pterophorus than, say, Orneodes is, hardly admit of its
being in the same family.

The peculiar cremaster of Plerophorus (an anal and
a forward portion) is paralleled in Elachista, Yponymeuta,
etc., which belong to the same series as Orneodes, but,
though this may suggest that Pterophorus is after all,
in spite of the small head-pieces, derived from this series,
it will leave it as far from Orneodes as ever. Further,
for instance, than Coleophora is from Adela. The great
difficulty in placing Pterophorus anywhere near to
Orneodes (though still at a considerable distance) or even
to Chrysocorys, is the extremely reduced condition of the
dorsal head-plate, so that it seems impossible to derive
it from the Adelid series at all, even if one starts as low
down as Micropteryx to allow for the divergence.

_ Though the true Pyrales preserve (largely) this head-

piece, its reduced size places a difficulty in deriving them
from Pyraloids, though there is obviously a long series
of forms through which the reduction might occur gradu-
ally. The same difficulty faces an attempt to place any
macros in this line, but these difficulties in the case of
the Pyrales and Macros would be slight compared to
attaching to the series so extreme a divergence so low
down, as would be the case with Pterophorus.

Pterophorus might certainly fall under my definition
of a “micro” whose larva is “an exposed feeder,” and
Dyar places it there along with Anthrocera and Limacodes,
and both in structure and habits the larva falls into
that division as readily as into any other; at any rate

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 137

it is almost certainly not a member of the Adelid series,
and if it be, it is certainly at a great distance therein
from Orneodes.

A point to be especially noted is the extreme divergence
between the pupa of Pterophorus and that of Pyrales.

Pyrales have a pupa that is a true macro in dehiscence,
in possessing segments four and seven (abdominal) fixed
in both sexes, and possesses no micro characters except
a dorsal head-piece (a character that goes very high up),
maxillary palpi, and in some families appendages pro-
jecting beyond segment four.

Pterophorus is a true micro in dehiscence, has segment
four free, and seven free in male, the dorsal head-piece
is evanescent, and it has lost the maxillary palpi.

It is impossible for one of these forms to be derived
from the other, and impossible for them to have a com-
mon ancestor higher up in the series than Timea, more
probably that ancestor is much lower.

Orneodes has a pupa of Obtect formula as to free
segments, and the dehiscence is of very nearly the macro
type. Antennz separating from head, and eye-covers
remaining attached to face-piece. It retains one, and only
one, very marked micro character, viz., the possession of
a dorsal head-plate; not only so, but this plate is of
immense size, whilst the prothorax: is correspondingly
reduced. Contrarily the pupa of Pterophorus retains
most of the characters of a micro, the one that it has
almost lost is this head-plate, which is nearly evanescent,
although it retains the function of carrying the eye-cover
on dehiscence.

Both have then been derived from the raicro stirps, as
we know, indeed, that all pupz have been; but the
routes have obviously been divided for so long a period
that it is justifiable to describe them as in nowise related,
less probably than any two families of macros.

I present figures of the eggs of the four genera re-
ferred to in this paper, chiefly on account of the fact that
whilst those of Orneodes, Epermenia, and Pterophorus,
present features that are frequent in many different
families of Lepidoptera, that of Chrysocorys is so unusual.

The ova of Orneodes and Hpermenia belong to the
section with horizontal micropylar axis and rough sculp-
turing, characteristic of the stirps we have been “consider-
ing. Pterophorus has a horizontal egg, but with

~

138 . Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

sufficiently smooth surface to give some support to the
idea that it belongs to the Zygzenid stirps; whilst
Chrysocorys has a vertical micropylar axis, throwing
doubt on the position in which I have placed it. But the
whole question of oval forms is too large to treat incident-
ally in this place.

I also present figures of the pupa of each genus, and
also of their dehiscence, and of the remarkable hairs of
the tubercles of Chrysocorys larva (omitted from plates).

In regard to the names, it appears that Chawliodus has
to drop, but whether Hpermenia or Calotripis is to take
its place, Ido not yet know. Nor am [ at all satisfied
that Chrysocorys festaliella ought not to be called
Schreckensteinia scissella, but I am not trained in that
line of research that would enable me to settle this
matter.

A few details as to each family is appended.

Orneopes.—The egg laid in the flower-heads of honey-
suckle is about 48 mm. long and *28 mm. wide, somewhat
cylindrical and truncate, or like a short thick brick with
the angles and corners rounded off; the surface is sculp-
tured with irregular raised lines and pits.

The young larva has dorsal tubercles arranged trapezoi-
dally, one supraspiracular, two subspiracular, and two
marginal, these persist during the life of the caterpillar ;
the skin is rough, with minute sharp spicules similar to
those in Epermenia daucellus, and many other larvee.

The pupa is brown, and noctua-like in general form and
texture. It has only five and six (abdominal) segments
free, and has the projecting knob-like head that occurs
in most of the forms belonging to the series with a narrow
depressed prothorax and a large dorsal head-piece.

The size of this dorsal head-plate in this pupa reaches
the extreme that I have observed, and is, indeed, very
remarkable. There are no labial or exposed maxillary
palpi, and the dehiscence is quite macro in character, the
antenne: separating from the face head parts, which
remain attached to the eye-covers ; the lower parts of the
appendage covers remain in situ, and are only separated
at the head. ‘There is a femur case shown, and the second
leg reaches the head. ‘The maxilla and first leg fall
short, and expose a portion of the third leg, between and
beyond the second. The appendages project ese over
the fifth and sixth segments.

Orneodes, Hpermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 139

The anal armature consists of ten or twelve fine
spines, little more than hairs, curved and crossing one
another in lyre shape, and having a fine recurved flattened
extremity. ‘There is also a small bristle above and below
each (exposed) abdominal spiracle.

EperMENIA.—The eggs are ovoid, but rather long and
narrow, being fully twice as long as broad, and rather
narrower at one end; the surface sculpture is a raised
network, somewhat irregular, but tending to be hexa-
gonal, with the cells lengthened in the line of the long
diameter of the egg. Many are often laid on the same
leaf; but each ege appears to be laid solitarily, and it
appears to be, when laid, very soft, as it takes the impress
of the hairs of the leaf amongst which it is laid, and
adheres to them very firmly.

The larva has two dorsal (trapezoidal) tubercles, a
supraspiracular and a double subspiracular tubercle, one
marginal, and three ventral (on legless segments). The
tubercular plates are very large, and that of the supra-
spiracular in some degree surrounds the spiracle. ‘There
is a minute tubercle at the anterior margin of the seg-
ment in line with the posterior trapezoidal. ‘The
general surface is closely studded with sharp deflexed
points, as Orneodes. The larva can hardly be called a
miner, but tends to burrow something after the manner
of the Procride. This is very marked in H. daucellus, very
slightly so in HM. chewrophyllellus. The resemblance to
Simexthis appears to be entirely superficial. The pro-
legs have sixteen hooks set in a circle, but more crowded
along the inner margin ; the anal pair have eleven or
twelve hooks.

In pale brown colour and general outline the pupa
resembles that of a noctua ; the species I have examined,
H. daucellus and H. cheerophyllellus, are very much alike.
They have the first four abdominal segments fixed, the
next two free, and the seventh also, in the male; the
appendage cases project across the fifth as far as the
sixth segment, the incision between the fourth and fifth
segments is sloping, the fourth segment being narrowed
and the fifth widened dorsally, ventrally the reverse.
The large dorsal head-piece and narrow prothorax are
almost identical with those of Orneodes. The abdominal
spiracles are on slight mammillz, in very Pyrale manner.
‘here are twelve slender, very curved, hooked hairs as

140 Dr, 'T, A, Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

an anal armature, seated on the last (nine and ten) seg-
ment, which has a bulbous base, a pen-like form and two
deep hollows, one on either side. The maxilla show
between them a narrow opening with the labial palpi,
traces of femur between maxilla and first leg, the second
lee does not reach the head, the third leg is visible
between lower end of antenna, the second legs falling
short by about one-seventh of the length of the appen-
dages, and the maxilla and first legs by about another
one-seventh ; there is a smal! maxillary palpus.

The dehiscence is by splitting down dorsally to, but
not through, the metathorax; the mesothorax separates
half-way down the wings from the metathorax; the
antennz separate from the head and for a quarter of this
length from the wings, but adhere to the second legs, first
legs, and max. palpi, the face and maxilla separate from
the antennz and legs, retaining the eye-covers and
adhering by the maxillary extremities to the rest of the
case.

Curysocorys.—lI obtained larve, and bred them thirty
or more years ago, and was under the impression that they
could be had anywhere or at any time. It disappointed
me a good deal not to be able to get them during several
recent years that I have desired to study them afresh. I
was, therefore, very pleased last March to capture a
female moth, which very obligingly laid a number of
egos. These were laid singly, on either side, on the
margins, or petioles, of the young leaves of the bramble-
shoots, with which I had placed the moth for this
purpose.

The egg is urceolate in shape, about 0°5 min. high
and 0°26 broad, rather narrower upwards, and having a
hemispherical or flattened base, very much according to
the situation in which it is laid, the rounded being the
primary form ; but when laid the egg is soft enough to
take something of the form of the surface it is laid on,
and sometimes has a regular flat base of the whole width
of the egg. The upper end is flat, with a well-defined
margin, from which arises a structure quite new to me
in lepidopterous eggs. There is often, in lepidopterous
eggs, a rim or ridge, or break in the smoothness of the
surface at this point. The ege of Choreutes is, perhaps,
as good an example of this as any. In Chrysocorys this
rim carries fourteen transparent spines with bifid tips,

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 141

forming a crown-like circle, and reminding one, in some
degree, of the similar processes in the ova of some Hemi-
ptera. The flat surface within these is marked by
radiating impressions, proceeding from a smail central
micropylar rosette. The outer surface of the egg is
covered with rather deep, irregular depressions, sepa-
rated by rounded ridges, which, though irregular, have
a distinct tendency to be hexagonal, with the longer axes
of the spaces parallel with that of the egg. To escape,
the young larva eats out the flat top within the coronet,
and leaves the egg apparently little damaged. The newly-
hatched larva is a white or colourless little atom. It is
possible, however, to observe that the posterior dorsal
tubercle carries a long smooth hair, directed rather back-
wards, the tubercle being raised round the base of the
hair into a high conical projection, and the hair itself
being longer than the diameter of the larva; the anterior
trapezoidal is a much smaller hair, rising in a smaller
tubercle, situated in the front base of the cone of the
posterior; the supraspiracular is an equally small hair
in a moderately-developed tubercle; the subspiracular
tubercles are a reproduction of the trapezoidal, a large
posterior hair on a high cone, and a smaller one in front,
one directed backwards and the other forwards. I have
not clearly defined the prolegs; the anterior and posterior
hairs are much longer.

As the larva grows, the subspiracular hairs retain their
simple character, but assume the appearance of the tines
of a pitchfork on a common raised protuberance; the
dorsal hairs, however, acquire a very special character.
They continue to be a larger posterior sloping backwards,
and a shorter anterior lying forwards, their bases are
almost conjoined, and rise into a distinct peduncle. The
hairs terminate in a sharp point, but on the upper aspect,
near the apex, have a lancet-shaped transparent flange ;
and through the peduncle and down the hair is what
looks like an inner tube, arising from the internal tissues
of the larva, and terminating between the flange and
apex of the hair. here is sometimes fluid at apex of
hair provided through this tube. The surface of the
hairs is finely waved or granulated. The spiracles are
at the apex of a large brown chitinous mammilla. ‘The
ventral prolegs have a short conical pedicel, a rounded
boss at apex, carrying six hooks regularly disposed around

142 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

it. The anal prolegs have nine hooks disposed in a
curved line that is less than a semicircle, the hooks are
larger and stronger than the ventral ones. ‘The true legs
appear to have four joints before the claw, which is
accompanied by a transparent, battledore palpus; the
antenna is threg-jointed, the second joint carrying a long
hair and a fleshy tubercle, the third carries two terminal
bodies.

These larvee were full-grown by the middle of May ;
they lived on the upper side of the bramble leaf, spinning
no silk except a very slight web. When about to moult,
and when travelling from leaf to leaf, they are very
sluggish in their movements, yet fond of moving occa-
sionally to a fresh leaf; when at rest the head is rather
hidden by being withdrawn into the second segment.
They are of a glassy transparency, and match the colour
of the bramble leaf very closely, so as to be difficult to
see. In moulting, the slit appears to be dorsal, and
the empty skin remains stretched out at length, with the
head bent under the first segment. The cast skin makes
a good preparation of the hairs.

The cocoon is a very remarkable structure, and I
regret not having seen how it was made. It is attached
by one margin, naturally probably to the bramble stem
near the root, and consists of a network of stiff gum-
like strands of silk, one set of these being in continuous
lines, like the mortar between consecutive courses of
brickwork, the other uniting these alternately like the
vertical lines of mortar between the bricks in each course,
the bricks being represented by the openings, which are,
however, square rather than oblong; the primary strands
are sometimes, as it were, in one set, from the four sets
in which they appear to be constructed being accurately
worked together; in other cases the four sets are more
or less distinct, they would be separated by slicing the
cocoon longitudinally and transversely down on to its
attached margin. When each side is accurately con-
structed the courses arch upwards from either end of
the line of attachment meeting in the line of transverse
division suggested. There is a valvular longitudinal
opening at either end, through one of which the larval
skin is ejected, through the other the pupa emerges for
the exclusion of the moth.

The pupa lies free in this cocoon with little spare

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 143

space longitudinally, though rather free latitudinally.
I ought to say that flimsy as the cocoon looks, it is
really very hard, firm, and elastic.

The pupa is green with sundry markings, and these
appear to increase with the age of the pupa, till it be-
comes very dark, I fear I ill-treated my pup, as only
one emerged, and the rest have, I think, died and dried
up. I imagined they would all come out very soon, with
a view toasecond brood; I now think that this is the
rare exception, and that the pupz lie over the remainder
of the summer, and possibly the winter, though it is
perhaps more likely that the insect hibernates as a moth.

The pupa has a rather prominent globular head, a
distinct waist (dorsally), the abdominal segments gradu-
ally tapering and arching forward. The free segments are
4, 5, 6, ?, and 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, the wing and leg-covers ex-
tending over the fourth and part of the fifth segments.

The abdominal spiracles are each in a lofty brown cone,
very similar to that of the larva, and on either side,
somewhat dorsally, is on 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and less
markedly on 3, a hook or spine, dark in colour, curved
backwards, and ending in a sharp point—behind and
outside these is a fine hair with recurved curled tips,
and a similar hair is placed above and another below the
spiracle ; about ten similar and longer hairs form the anal
armature. ‘The spiracles have an unusually dorsal posi-
tion, and there is along interval between the subspiracular
hair and two ventral ones. Six similar smaller hairs are
on the face and head, and the mesothorax possesses two
pairs. There is a minute point which appears to be the
maxillary palpus, and is carried in dehiscence at the
extremity of the first leg-piece. The maxille are
separated to show the labial palpi broadly, and a portion
of femur shows between the maxilla and first leg. The
antennee and second legs extend to end of wing cases,
the tips of third legs beyond, the maxilla falls a little
short, and the first legs reach little more than half way.
The first legs touch the antennz and exclude the second
from the head. The prothorax is reduced to a very
narrow strip and the dorsal head-piece is very large.

The formula of abdominal free segments is the same
as that of a very large number of the Incompletz,
Tortrices, Psychids, Sesiids, true Tineids, Cossids, etc.,
so that this does not go far in showing an alliance with

144. Dr. ‘l’. A. Chapman’s notes on Pupe,

Pterophori whose formula is the same. More important
as showing a separation is the fact that it preserves the
habit of emerging from its cocoon before the exclusion
of the moth; Pterophorus being fixed by a cremaster
and usually making no cocoon. The great development
of the dorsal head-piece is another very distinctive
character; the dehiscence also is very different.

The cocoon of the American Penthetria parvula is
extremely similar, but more regular and elaborate. Its
pupa retains a very simple tineoid character, so that
there is no doubt a considerable gap between these two
forms, but there can be little doubt that the cocoon
structure has a common ancestry and is not an inde-
pendent invention.

PrerorpHorus.—The ovum is of oval section in every
direction, a form that may most easily be described as
that of an ordinary bird’s egg, if laid on its side and
then flattened. The different species I have examined
vary in their size and in the proportion of their different
diameters, but all have this general form: they are
smooth, bright, and polished, and have faint markings
of a network tending to a hexagonal mesh.

In some cases the narrowing towards the small end
is not so evident, and in others (bipunctidactylus) the
egg might almost be called cylindrical, so that there is
considerable variation within definite limits which may,
of course, be exceeded in species whose eges I have not
seen, but I have seen no suggestion of such a form as
occurs in Chrysocorys.

The larva of most of our Pterophori are well known,
and I don’t know of one whose characters are at all lke
those of Chrysocorys—either as to the retention in all
stages of the same arrangement of hairs and tubercles,
or in having at any stage precisely the same arrange-+
ment as in Chrysocorys.

The pupa of Pterophorus is highly specialised, yet
retains several of the most definite characters of the
Incomplete. Only the three first abdominal segments
are fixed, the next three (and four in ¢) are free, the
antennz and maxilla adhere to the head-piece and
separate from the other parts on dehiscence, the eye-
covers going with the dorsal head-piece. It possesses
a very special and elaborate set of terminal hooks, by
which it fixes itself to a pad of silk, these are supple-

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 145

mented by a separate little group on the ventral surface
of the ninth abdominal segment. The surface of the
pupa may.be very simple and smooth, and its texture
delicate as in Tinea. It may be covered with a most
confusing panoply of hairs as in A. spilodactyla, or have
various elaborate hooks and processes as in A. acantho-
dactyla. In this case one is reminded, in some degree,
of the hooks of C. festaliella, but in A. acanthodactyla,
these hooks are recurved, in O. festaliella they are directed
simply backwards. Apart from its thorough - going
retention of micro characters, it is separated net only
from Orneodes, but from Chrysocorys also, by the extreme
reduction of the dorsal head-piece. So reduced is this,
that its presence would be doubted in some species,
but that it carries with it the eye-covers as in typical
micro dehiscence.

As a summary of the facts and deductions herewith

presented, I may recapitulate :—

A correction as to free segments of Limacodide.

A correction as to Nolidx not being “ macros.”

A suggestion that sundry families of Paleolepidoptera
may be postulated as having once existed.

That @ series (from below upwards) of families origi-
nated in Micropteryx, or at any rate in Adelids,
characterised by a very narrow prothoracic, and a very
large head-plate in the pupa.

That Hpermenia and Orneodes are typical members of
this series, and probably also Chrysocorys.

That Pterophorus is not a member of this series, or, if
it is, originated very early in it, and reached its
present position by an undiscovered route.

That Coleophora belongs to this series, and was derived
from Adelids by a separate route from Tinea, Eper-
menia, etc.

That the Pyraloids (including most Tineina with Obtect
pupee) form a higher part of this series.

Whether these proceed onward to Pyrales (and
Geometers) is not fully discussed, and left doubtful.

TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1896.—PART II. (JUNE.) 10

146

ices 1,

bo

10.

Ine
12.
13.

Dr, TI. A. Chapman’s notes on

ExpLaNaTION oF Pirates VI. anv VII.

PLATE VI.

Ovum of Orneodes hexadactyla X 40 diam., amongst glands
of honeysuckles.

Ovum of LEpermenia cherophylellus amongst hairs of
feracleum.

. The same, isolated.

Ovum of Chrysocorys festaliella *% 50 diam.

. Another view of summit of egg.

. One of the spines of coronet.

Ovum of Pterophorus (Mimeseoptilus) pheodactylus.

The network of cells is obscure and not at all a raised
pattern as the figure rather suggests.

Pupa of Chrysocorys festaliella, ventral aspect.

Lateral view of segments 4 and 5 abdominal (8 and 9),
showing hairs and the very dorsal position of the raised
spiracles.

Anal armature of Chrysocorys pupa, lateral view.

Diagram of dehiscence of Chrysocorys festaliella. Shows
the large head-piece attached to eye-piece (which
adheres to first leg in specimen sketched) and the narrow
prothoracic piece, antennee attached to head, micro
dehiscence,

Diagram of dehiscence of Pterophorus, showing very
narrow head-piece, attached to eye-piece, large protho-
racic piece, antenne attached to head as in most typical
“micro ’ dehiscence. 1, 2, drefer to segments, e = eye;
a, = antenna; J, = leg; m, = maxilla.

Ventral view of pupa of Pterophorus (Aciptilia) spilodac-
tylus. The hairs are rather too diagrammatic.

Lateral view of female pupa.

Fe * male pupa.

One segment of pupa. This is not as accurate as is
desirable, but serves to show the very different struc-
ture to the other pup figured.

Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 147

Gale

Son

Je}

10.

PEATE VE

Pupa of Epermenia cherophylellus, ventral aspect, shows
minute maxillary palpus.

” ” ” », lateral aspect.

” ” ” », dorsal aspect

These show the neck-like character of the prothorax,
which is also seen in

Enlarged view of front, seen laterally, a little too
diagrammatic.

Lateral view of anal armature.

Diagram of dehiscence of Epermenia, antenne separate
from head, and remain attached to legs and wings,
narrow prothorax, minute maxillary palpi, eve-piece
remains with face-piece, macro dehiscence.

Pupa of Orneodes hexadactyla, ventral aspect, very simiJar
to Epermenia, except in loss of maxillary palpi and in
anal armature. The loss of mobility in segment 7,
abdominal in ¢, cannot be shown in these figures.

” ” ” "5 lateral view,

” ” 5 3 dorsal view.

Diagram of dehiscence of Orneodes, showing immense size
of head-piece, which is free from eye-piece, the latter
remaining attached to face-piece. Antenne free from
head, and attached to legs and wings; very narrow
prothorax, macro dehiscence.

Cocoon of Chrysocorys festaliella,
Portion of network of same.

( 149.)

VII. Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera
from South Africa, chiefly from Zambezia. By
Louis Piérincuey, F.E.S.

[Read March 4th, 1896.]
Family PAUSSIDA.
Gen. Paussus, Linn,
P. arduus, n. sp.

Red, shining ; head with a long conical tubercle on the vertex,
anterior part dehiscent, hairless and slightly punctured in the
posterior part ; club of antennz short, thick, convex on both sides,
broader than the head, carinate all round, depressed at the base,
with the outer angle produced in a long, sharp, slightly recurving
spine, upper posterior margin without any longitudinal im-
pressions ; prothorax smooth, longer than broad, with a deep trans-
verse impression reaching from side to side and having a yellow
pubescent patch at each end, the anterior and posterior part of the
disk equally broad, the anterior a little more raised than the pos-
terior, the sides nearly parallel ; elytra elongate, sub-parallel, smooth
and very closely punctured, the punctures in the anterior part being
deeper and broader than those behind; pygidium very closely and
deeply punctured ; femora not clavate ; tibie slender, not dilated
at the tip. Length 8, width 2} mm.

Belongs to the same group as P. spinicowis, P. thomsont,
etc. The shape of the club is nearly the same as in the
last mentioned species, but much more convex on each
side ; the prothorax resembles that of P. spinicowis, but
is less attenuate laterally in the anterior part.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

P. manicanus, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, shining ; head much depressed, nearly smooth
and hairless ; club of antenne twice as long as the head and neck,
nearly oblong, a little narrower at the apex and base than in the
middle, compressed but thicker in the median part, bluntly
carinate all round and with the posterior angle produced in a
sharp moderately recurved spine ; prothorax nearly cordiform, but

TRANS. ENT. Soc. LOND. 1896.—PaRT Ul. (JUNE.)

150 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

very deeply sinuate laterally in the middle, and with an arcuate
transverse median narrow and shallow impression ; the anterior
part of the disk is hardly more raised than the posterior, and
slightly aculeate in the posterior angle above the constriction,
when there is also a very small, pubescent, yellow tuft ; elytra
parallel, deeply and closely punctured, each puncture bearing a
short seta; pygidium punctulate and setulose ; femora a little
swollen, tibiz slender. Length 9, width 2} mm.

Hab. “Zambezia (Salisbury).

The nearest ally of P. manicanus is P. planicollis, Raftr.,
from Abyssinia. The shape of the prothorax is identical ;
the head is equally depressed, but has no trace of a minute
conical tubercle at the extreme apex; the antennal club is
of a shape similar to that of the ¢ of P. planicollis, but
not so long, and therefore a little broader in proportion.

P. raffrayi, n. sp.

Piceous-black, with the apical part of the elytra and the tarsi
reddish-brown ; head rugulose, with the anterior part deeply im-
pressed in the centre and the walls of the impression raised in two
short tuberculiform processes, posterior part bi-impressed ; club of
the antennz sub-ensiform, very long, compressed, external margin
with a moderately wide groove reaching from the base to near the
apex, both margins of the groove very faintly notched ; prothorax
bi-partite, the anterior part raised, smooth, the median transverse
cavity wide and deep, and having two pubescent yellow patches in
the centre, posterior part depressed and with three tuberculated
indentations ; elytra elongate, sub-parallel, shining, moderately
punctured, each puncture with a very short greyish hair ; femora
not thickened ; anterior and intermediate tibiz slender, posterior
tibiz broadly dilated and flat. Length 5, width 1} mm.

Hab. Natal (Irere).
The shape of the club of the antenne is not’ unlike

that of P. germari; it is however longer, more curved
outwardly, and not attenuate at the tip.

P. concinnus, n. sp.

Head, prothorax and legs brick-red ; elytra black, edged with
red at the base and apex ; head and prothorax glabrous, the former
edged in front on the vertex with a high semicircular ridge, which

Coleoptera from South Africa. 151

is broadly emarginate in the middle and reaches from eye to eye,
posterior part raised above the neck into a ridge higher than the
anterior one, and with a median and two lateral sinuations ; median
part of the head plane, and with a broad depression above each
eye partly edged by a very narrow groove which extends also along
the posterior raised part; club of the antennze long, broad, com-
pressed, as long as the base of the prothorax, slightly curving in the
inner edge, which is distinctly marginate and has besides a distinct
raised line running parallel to it, outer margin broadly grooved from
base to apex, and having seven round alveole as well as six obtuse
serrations on the upper edge, the intervals of which bear each a very
short yellowish seta, outer basal angle of the club long and sharp ;
prothorax bi-partite, the anterior part much raised, short, abruptly
truncate, deeply incised in the centre and on each side, and witha
deep transverse impression ; the posterior part is narrower than the
anterior, and has the shape of a truncate cone, broadly scooped out,
in the anterior median part, with each side of the incision produced
in a sharp, short tubercle; elytra closely set with very short
greyish hairs, but very indistinctly punctured ; femora not clavate,
tibize straight, not thickened. Length 6, width 23 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

The shape of the antennal club is that of Plewropterus
alternans in general outline, the impressions on the upper
side imitating somewhat the articulations of the antenne ;
the scooped out space of the posterior margin is not
unlike that of P. klugi, but the serration of the edges of
the margin, as well as the impressions on the upper part,
are very different.

P. viator., n. sp.

Piceous-black, with the antenne and legs very dark red ; head
rugulose and having on the middle of the vertex three short im-
pressions, the median one of which is the deepest and is bounded
by two short ridges ; penultimate joint of antenne thick, the club
short, massive, the inner margin sharp, a little sinuate at the tip,
the outer one very broadly and deeply scooped out, with the basal
angle moderately long and sharp, the cavity of the outer margin
containing six distinct alveolz and the two edges slightly serrulate ;
prothorax bi-partite, with the anterior part very narrow and in the
shape of a ridge with a median groove, the median excavation very
deep, and the lateral part not deeply excised, and with a short blunt
tubercle on each side and two tubercles in the middle ; elytra short,

152 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

sub-parallel, smooth ; femora and tibie thick, flattened, posterior
tibiz very broadly dilated. Length 5, width 2 mm.

Hab. Natal (Frere).

Belongs to the group of P. ruber, P. cucullatus, etc. The
club of the antennze is not so broadly scooped out in the
outer margin as in P. cucullatus, nor is it so much curved
outwardiy ; the upper part is not impressed between the
inner and posterior margins, and the former is nearly
straight, not curved, nor is the space between the
two margins as broad as in either of the above-named
species.

P. barkert, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, with very short pubescence all over ; head with
two median carine aculeate in front and overlapping the point
of insertion of antenne, these two ridges slightly diverging from
the middle of the vertex and having a narrow groove between,
ceasing abruptly above the neck, which is very short and not con-
stricted ; penultimate joint of antenne quadrate, very thick, club
moderately long, not compressed, deeply sinuate in the inner part
which, like the rounded apical part, is acutely marginate, outer
part also sinuate and having on the margin four very distinct teeth
bearing several very short set, while the apical angle is developed
into a long, broad, blunt spur, the inner part of which curves so as
to form a short tooth corresponding to a similar tooth situated on
the opposite part of the base of the club ; the joints of the antennze
are covered with closely set, very short, squamiform hairs; pro-
thorax bi-partite, the anterior part in the shape of a ridge slightly
grooved in the centre, posterior part as broad as the anterior, with
a broad median depression nearly reaching the base, two pubescent
patches on the transverse impression ; elytra sub-parallel, covered
with very short, closely set hairs, apparently thicker than those on
the prothorax, and without punctures ; pygidium thickly pubescent
and with a fringe of long, thickly set, yellowish hairs ; anterior
and intermediate femora and tibie slender, posterior femora and
tibize dilated and compressed. Length 9, width 3} mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban).

No known ally ; the nearest approach to the shape of
the antenual club is in P. bicolor, Raffr., from the Andaman
Islands, but the incised portion at the inner part of the
base is absent in that species.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 153

P. marshalli, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, shining, elytra thickly pubescent ; vertex of the
head nearly plane, posterior part ridged above the neck, and along
the outer sides ; penultimate joint of antenne quadrate, nearly as
large as the head, club broad, massive, inner margin carinate, with
a short, round basal spur not projecting much, outer margin broadly
hollowed with the edges bi-sinuate, acute at the apical part of the
hollow, and bearing on each side a dense tuft of long, yellowish
hairs, basal outer spur very broad and sub-quadrate ; prothorax
bi-partite, the anterior part compressed in a sharp ridge, slightly
emarginate in the centre and sub-aculeate laterally, the posterior
part hollowed anteriorly, and with a triangular longitudinal groove,
and the outer sides produced ina carina sinuate in the middle, sharp
in the anterior part, and with the posterior part forming a long
tooth standing at an angle with the base, both the points of the
lateral carina having a distinct tuft of hairs; elytra short, sub-
parallel ; pygidium with short pubescence and having in the middle
three transverse rows of long and very thick bristles ; legs slender,
anterior femora not thickened. Length 54, width 25 mm.

Hab. Natal (Frere).

This species belongs to the group of P. laticollis,
P. penicillutus, and P. rugosus, Raffr., from Abyssinia,
and are distinguished by having thick stiff bristles on the
pygidium, as well as tufts of hairs on the apical part of
the edges of the hollowed outer margins of the antenne.
‘lhe nearest aily of P. marshalli is P. penicillatus, but in
the antennal club of the former there is no longitudinal
impression whatever on the upper part along the inner
margin, nor is the scooped-out space distinctly impressed,
and the inner edge of the hollow is very deeply sinuate.

Family SCARABAIIDA.
COPRIDES.
Gen. Hexiocorris, Hope.

H. selousi, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining ; head plicate transversely ; prothorax
very rugose, sub-opaque ; elytra with four small tubercles at the
base of the intervals. In the g¢ the head bears a short, compressed
horn, truncate at the tip or slightly sinuate, placed in the posterior
part of the clypeus ; median part of the head with a small ridge

154 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

reaching from the anterior horn to the base ; protherax truncate
in front, with a very deep, but not broad, lateral excavation, the
anterior part carinate, strongly sinuate laterally above the exca-
vation, and with the median part produced into a horizontal, very
long, compressed process with a perpendicular conspicuous tooth
underneath ; this horizontal process extends as far as the clypeal
horn, which it overhangs. In the ? the head has a short, trans-
verse occipital carina, the prothorax is not so much raised, is deeply
sinuate in front, depressed, but not excavated, and the median
part is produced into a projecting carina, overhanging a little the
apex, and sodeeply emarginate in the middle as to be almost bifid.
Length 32-37, width 20-21 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica, Mazoe).

Its nearest ally is H. neptunus, Bohem. The sculp-
ture of the head and prothorax is alike, the tubercles at
the base of the elytra are also similar, but the horn of
the clypeus is very much shorter, and the elongated
horizontal process of the prothorax is very different.

Gen. Onitis, Fabr.

O. zambezianus, n. sp.

Reddish-brown, with the elytra opaque; head finely plicate
transversely on the clypeus, granulate behind, clypeus elongate in
the anterior part, moreso in the ¢? than in the ¢, without any
clypeal carina, but with the frontal one sharp and very much raised,
vertex almost bi-impressed, posterior edge very distinctly raised ;
prothorax moderately convex, broad, carinate in the anterior and
lateral parts, closely punctured from the base to about three-fourths
of the length, posterior part nearly impunctate; elytra elongate,
convex along the sutural part towards the middle, very finely
striate, with the intervals plane and smooth ; underside piceous-
brown, metasternum closely punctured and densely hairy, abdo-
men nearly smooth, but with a few lateral setigerous punctures ;
anterior femora of the g¢ thick, grooved underneath, and with an
acute ridge, bearing a sharp tooth in the middle of the groove and
a smaller apical one in the anterior part of the apex; tibiz long,
straight, moderately thick, multi-denticulate inwardly, having a
double ridge on the upper part, strongly quadri-dentate externally,
and with the inner apical tooth very long and incurved ; inter-
mediate femora deeply incised at the apex, carrying a sharp
median posterior carina, developing into a sharp tooth, apical part

Coleoptera from South Africa. 159

also toothed, but with the tooth smaller than the one of the carina,
tibia narrow at the base and almost suddenly enlarged in an
elongate quadrate laminated process inwardly ; posterior femora
with a small, serrate carina, tibie slightly incurved, not dilated
inwardly. Length 24-26, width 14 mm.

Hab. ZGambezia (Manica).

Belongs to the group of O. curvipes, Lansb.; the
clypeus is less aculeate in the male, and the general
facies is a little less convex. As in O. cwrvipes the inter- .
mediate tibize of the ¢ have an inner lamina, but diffe-
rently shaped, and the disposition of the teeth on the
anterior and posterior femora is very different.

O. dispar, n. sp.

Dark metallic-green, moderately shining, but more opaque on
the elytra ; head with the clypeus rounded in the ¢@, a little more
aculeate in the ¢, finely plicate in front, rugose behind, with a
short clypeal ridge and a frontal one moderately raised, vertex a
little hollowed, and with the posterior part carinate and the
median part much raised in both sexes; prothorax moderately
convex, closely punctured from apex to base; elytra elongate,
hardly convex, feebly striate, with the intervals faintly punctured ;
metasternum and femora closely punctured. In the ¢ the anterior
femora are thick, with a-very small median carina, and are with-
out teeth, the tibie are straight, carinate in the middle, faintly
serrate inwardly, quadri-dentate outwardly, with the inner tooth
short and with a long fascicle of hairs underneath, intermediate
and posterior femora with an acute posterior lamina, but neither
dentate nor serrate, intermediate tibiz normal, posterior ones com-
pressed and with a long terminal spur on each side, the inner one
spiniform, the other one thicker, but both curving slightly inward.
Length 24, width 13-14 mm.

Hab. Gambezia.

Allied to O. robustus, Boh., and O. orthoptus, Lansb.,
but differentiated from both by the shape of the terminal
part of the hind tibie.

Gen. OnrHorsacus, Latreille.

O. mashunus, 1. sp.

Black, with a slight bronze sheen, more distinct on the
prothorax ; antenne flavescent; clypeus a little elongate in the
median part; head with a transverse median carina ; head and

is 2h bs
156 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

prothorax covered with densely set granules, the prothorax broad, as
long as the elytra, with very short pubescence and with the outer
margins serrulate ; elytra finely striate, with the intervals broad
and finely granulate ; underside black. In the ¢ the vertex of the
head is armed with two long incurved horns, compressed and
truncate at the tip, and the basal space between the horns is
developed in a compressed spine, much shorter than the horns, and
incised at the tip, and the prothorax has a deep median excavation
in the centre, surmounted at the apex by a thick compressed rugose
spine, incised at tip, rugose and directed forward ; in the @ the
hind margin of the head is produced in a trituberculate ridge, the
anterior part of the prothorax is more declivous, with no excavation,
and the anterior part is surmounted by a narrow, but high ridge,
deeply sinuate in the middle. Length 12-14, width 7-9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

This species is allied to O. pyramidalis, Klug; in
shape the cephalic horns of the ¢ are much thinner,
more compressed, and spread more outwardly, somewhat
in the manner of those of O. rangifer, Klug, but the
median compressed spine is absent in O. pyramidalis, the
thoracic spine is less compressed, and shorter than in the
last-named species, and ends differently.

O. ponderosus, n. sp.

Bronze-black, a little lighter in colour on the prothorax ; palpi
and antenne yellow ; clypeus a little elongate in the middle,
closely plicate transversely, and having in the middle a transverse
raised line, while the hind margin is produced in a high transverse
ridge, sinuate in the ¢ in sucha way as to give it the appearance
of bearing five short blunt tubercles; prothorax broad, very
deeply sinuate laterally behind, covered with short granules in
front, and punctures behind, abruptly truncate in front and with a
moderately deep median excavation, the anterior part produced
in a transverse ridge, reaching almost from side to side, the
median part of which is more raised and slightly sinuate ; elytra
striate, intervals very finely shagreened and very closely, although
not deeply punctured ; underside piceous. The @ differs from
the ¢ in having the occipital ridge, as well as the thoracic lamina,
less raised, and the anterior part of the prothorax hardly excavate.
Length 19-23, width 11-14 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury, Manica).

In general facies as robust as O. giganteus, Har.,
from Madagascar.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 157

O. insignis, 1. sp.

Headand prothorax bright metallic-green, palpi, antenne, and
tarsi flavescent, elytra teddish-yellow, underside dark grey, legs
black; clypeus a little elongated in front; head broadly and
closely punctured, with a median transverse raised line in both
sexes, @ with a very long horn, straight for three-fourths of
the length, and slightly curved backward towards the tip, 2 with
a straight transverse carina; prothorax very closely and deeply
punctured, glabrous—in the ¢ deeply excavated in the median part
from the apex to a little short of the base, dehiscent in the
anterior part, and with the sides of the excavation raised in the
median part in two broad triangular and conspicuous tubercles—
in the 2 there is no median longitudinal excavation, the anterior
part isa little more declivous, and in the anterior part there is a
transverse ridge not broader than the occipital one ; elytra finely
striate, with the intervals glabrors and closely, although not
deeply punctured. Length 9, width 5 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salsbury).

O. gemmeus, n. sp.

Head and prothorax bright metallic-green, with short pubescence;
elytra flavous, with the suture black, and a broad band of the same
colour, extending from near the humeral angle to the suture, which
it joinsat a short distance from the apex ; head broadly and closely
punctured, with a distinct transverse ridge, and behind it, a highly
raised slightly shorter lamina ; prothorax very finely granulated in
the anterior part, closely punctured behind, declivous anteriorly,
bi-tuberculate above the declivity, the tubercles blunt and slightly
diverging, impressed longitudinally from the median part to the
base, the impression with a narrow median groove ; elytra striate,
intervals deeply and closely punctured, each puncture bearing a
short hair, thus making the intervals thickly pubescent ; pygidium
very hairy; underside and legs piceous-black. Male unknown.
Length 7, width 4 mm.

Hab. YZambezia (Salisbury).

ORPHNIDES.
Gen. Orpsnus, Macl.

O. zambezianus, n. sp.
Brick-red, shining, head and clypeus infuscate ; head punctulate
anterior margin of the clypeus bearing a long sharp horn, slightly

158 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

directed backwards ; prothorax punctulate—in the g broadly and
deeply excavated from the apex to the base, with the walls of the
excavation retuse, and produced in the anterior part in a conical
tubercle on each side a little higher than the clypeal horn,
posterior part of the excavation semi-circular—in the ¢ with
a faint median impression in the anterior part; elytra convex,
grooved along the suture and the outer margins, but without any
trace of dorsal strie, closely punctured, the punctures almost
superficial. Length 10-103, width 6-63 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (between Limpopo and Zambeze Rivers).

A little larger and more massive than O. meleagris,
with the clypeal horn much longer, the prothorax more
broadly and deeply excavated, and the anterior part of
the wall produced in a longer and sharper tubercle.

O. mashunus, n. sp.

Piceous-black, shining; head and clypeus smooth, g¢ with
a short, sharp horn in the centre of the head ; prothorax closely
punctured laterally, smooth along the base, excavated in the
anterior part, the excavation sub-elongate, quadrate, shallow, with
the anterior edge only slightly raised, and hardly aculeate past the
median part, between the posterior part of the excavation and the
base there is also a shallow median impression ; .elytra moderately
convex, and on a plane with the ridges of the prothoracic
excavation, grooved along the suture and the outer margins, striate
from the suture to the median part of each wing-cover, punctured,
the punctures shallow but well-defined; underside piceous-red.
Length 10, width 6 mm.

Distinct from both O. zambezianus and O. meleagris
in having the cephalic horn in the middle of the head ;
the shape of the prothoracic excavation is also different,
and the elytra are striate in the median part.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

O. ovampoanus, n. sp.

Piceous-black, shining, head with a short sharp horn; prothorax
punctulate in the ¢, excavated in the anterior part, the excaya-
tion shallow and with adeeper median impression, the ridges of the
excavation hardly raised, and straight to the median part, the
posterior part of the excavation, which reaches only the median
part of the disk, rounded ; in the 2 the prothorax is only slightly

Coleopteru from South Africa. 159

impressed in the middle of the anterior part; elytra convex,
punctured, grooved along the suture and the outer margins.
Length 7, width 4 mm,

Hab. Ovampo Land (Omramba).

Smaller than O. mashunus, with the cephalic horn
almost similar; the excavation of the prothorax is shal-
lower, does not extend so far back, and the ridges are
still less raised.

O. pugnaz, n. sp.

Brick-red, or at times piceous-brown; head of the ¢ with a
long central, sharp, conical horn ; prothorax very deeply excavated
from base to apex, with the lateral walls of the excavation pro-
duced in two sharp points, an anterior and a median one, the
latter a little more raised than the anterior, but less acute ; in the
@ the prothorax is a little raised circularly above the apical
murgin, and hasa small longitudinal impression in the middle ;
elytra convex, faintly striate in the anterior part, but not laterally,
and set with rough, confluent punctures almost alveolate on the
disk. Length 5-53, width 5-3; mm.

Hab. ZGambezia (Salisbury).

A little smaller and proportionally less massive than
O. rufulus, Boh., and at once distinguished from it by
the shape of the prothorax, which in the latter is also
deeply excavated, but with the walls produced in one
long conical tubercle on each side, while there are two
in O. pugnax; the punctuation of the elytra is also much
deeper and rougher than in O. rufulus.

GEOTRUPIDES.
Gen. Botzoceras, Kirby.

B. panza, n. sp.

Brick- or ferruginous-red, shining ; clypeus short, deeply emar-
ginate ; head very closely and deeply punctured, with a short,
transverse sub-apical carina in both sexes ; prothorax dehiscent in
the ¢ from apex to base, deeply sinuate in the anterior margin
on each side, the apical margin raised in a carina, and having
along the basal part five sharp, conspicuous tubercles, the two
outer ones of which are sometimes produced in a long incurved
process, while the three median ones are shorter and near one
another (in those specimens in which the lateral tubercle is

160 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

greatly elongated, the one near to the median is nearly obliterated),
the declivous part closely punctured for about two-thirds of the
length, and there is a broad, although little raised, lateral callus ;
in the @ the anterior part alone of the prothorax js declivous, and
in the median part there is a transverse carina, slightly sinuate in
the centre, and the punctures are much deeper than in the ¢ and
nearly confluent ; elytra very convex, finely striate, striz punctu-
late ; underside very hairy ; anterior tibie with five teeth. Length
23-24, width 1-164 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban) ; Zambezia (Victoria Falls).

Fairmaire has described in the ‘“ Annales de la
Société Entomologique de Belgique,” vol. xxxviii., 1894,
p. 652, a large species from the Congo (French Terri-
tory), which, judging from the description, seems to
be somewhat allied to B. panza, and which, he justly
remarks, is not unlike some Australian species ; he adds,
however, that the African species are small and without
‘armature,’ by which expression he means, I presume,
prothoracie horns. I have retained for this species the
name (in litteris, Dohrn) it bore in Lansberg’s collec-
tion, now the property of Mons. R. Oberthiir.

MELOLONTHIDES.
Gen. Ruasporsonis, Burm.
R. irrorata, n. sp.

Head, prothorax, and underside piceous-black, elytra and legs
chestnut-brown ; clypeus narrow, recurved, punctured like the
head, with white squame in the punctures; head with a blunt
median longitudinal ridge and an elongated impression on each
side, followed by a smooth space, squamz not dense ; prothorax
broader than long, a little attenuate laterally from the outer
angle to near the median part, nearly straight behind, closely
punctured and squamose, with the anterior and lateral margins
fringed with very long hairs, the central part of the disk with
two broad, but shallow, longitudinal punctured grooves separated
by three smooth intervals, and a supra-lateral one also edged with
a smooth interval on either side, the scales on the outer margin
thicker than on the disk; elytra oblong-ovate, costate, with the
intervals broad, and having a duplicate series of punctures, each of
which bears one, or more, whitish scales, outer margin more densely
scaly than the other intervals ; underside densely hairy, the hairs
of the metasternum very long, abdomen densely squamose.
Length 15, width 73 mm.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 161

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg).

Smaller and less depressed in the posterior part than
R., albostriata, Burm., and also less densely squamose ;
the head is also shorter in proportion, and the clypeus
not at all emarginate, and the claws are not quite so
much developed. Female unknown.

Gen. ANomALA, Samouelle.
A, pinguis, n. sp.

Testaceous, with the head infuscate, the prothorax somewhat
brick-red and the elytra black, with a long and broad humeral
yellowish band; antennz and palpi rufescent ; intermediate and
posterior tarsi infuscate ; anterior and intermediate tibiew infus-
cate laterally, posterior ones black; clypeus one-third shorter
than the head, separated by a narrow transverse groove, and very
closely and deeply punctured like the head, but more rugose;
prothorax convex, a little attenuated laterally from the apical
angle to the median part, straight from there to the basal angle,
finely but not closely aciculate ; elytra moderately elongate, slightly
depressed laterally below the humeral angle, a little ampliated
from the median to the posterior part, convex, retuse behind, and
having on each side three smooth raised lines, intervals irregularly
punctured but with a distinct series of punctures on each side of
the raised lines ; the scutellum is testaceous, and the yellowish, or
sometimes testaceous, lateral band on the elytra extends from the
outer margin to about the median part of the width of each wing-
cover, for about one-third of the length, and is prolonged from
there as a narrow discoidal band, extending as far as the median
part, where it issomewhat aculeate; underside pale-yellow. Length
18-19, width 10 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

RUTELIDES.
Gen. Aporztus, Cast.

A, melanoleucus, n. sp.

Head and prothorax piceous-brown, with a faint greenish metallic
tinge, outersides of the prothorax sub-rufescent ; antennz reddish-
brown, with the club black ; legs piceous, with the exception of
the anterior ones, which are rufescent; clypeus distinctly margined,
with the margin recurved, nearly as long as the head, and
both covered with long, squamiform hairs; prothorax bi-sinuate
in front and behind, lateral part also sinuate behind, and a little

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parr it. (JuNE.) I1

162 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

attenuate in front, very densely squamose ; elytra twice as long as
the prothorax, hardly broader at the base, a little ampliate behind,
moderately convex, densely covered with white scales, and with
two longitudinal dorsal series of five dark-green patches, separated
from one another by a small patch of denser and whiter scales ; in
the lateral series the two anterior patches are coalescent, forming
a band reaching from’ the shoulder to about the median part ;
underside and legs squamose. Length 9, width 4 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Buluwayo).

A species very distinct from the other South African
ones known to me; I am, however, acquainted with
. A. tessulatus, Burmeister.

CETONIDES.
Group ISCHNOSTOMINI.

Mazog, n. gen.

Mentum as in Jschnostoma, palpi shorter; clypeus as long as the °
head, excavate, with the frontal and lateral margins recurved and
sinuate in the interior part laterally, deeply constricted at the
junction with the head; antennz short, the club as long as the
clypeus; prothorax much attenuated in front, where the apical part
is only half the width of the base, depressed ; scutellum very long,
sharply triangular ; elytra depressed, as broad as the prothorax at
the base, sinuate laterally behind the shoulder and gradually
narrowed behind ; legs long, slender, claws very long, anterior
tibize bi-dentate, posterior ones with a median spine.

Ischnostoma albonotata, Péring. (Trans. 8. Afric. Philos.
Society, 1885, p. 97), belongs to the present genus.

M. jucunda, un. sp.

Head and clypeus deeply and closely punctured, and with a few
bristles, the median part of both with an orange-yellow covering;
prothorax closely punctured, gradually ampliated laterally from
the anterior angle to the base and sinuated above it, margined,
depressed, deeply punctured, the whole of the disk covered with
an orange-yellow tomentum, and having a small quadrate denuded
patch in the middle of the apical part, one small lateral spot on ,
each side and two sub-quadrate ones in the median part of the base
above the scutellum, the lateral and posterior margins also being
denuded ; scutellum long, triangular, denuded ; elytra as broad as

Coleoptera from South Africa, 163

the prothorax at the base, gradually attenuated from thence to the
apex, which is about narrower by one-fourth, plane, striate, with
the intervals convex, dull red, with a narrow supra-marginal
greyish-white band extending from the shoulder to the suture,
lateral and posterior margins denuded, as well as the humeral and
apical calluses; pygidium elongated, black, with two white patches;
underside black, punctulate ; prosternum and legs slightly pilose.
Length 14, width 7 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

Gen. Crronta, Fabr.

C. nigropunctulata, n. sp.

Brownish-red, with a slight fleshy tinge, the basal part of the
head and the underside piceous-black ; head and clypeus punctulate,
lateral part of the head pubescent ; prothorax gradually attenuate
laterally from base to apex, dehiscent in the anterior part of the
disk, punctulate, and having eleven distinct and regularly arranged
black spots ; elytra deeply sinuate below the humeral angle, nearly
parallel from there towards the apex, tricostate on each side of the
suture, as well as punctate-striate, and having on each side twelve
black round spots ; pygidium without any white patch; underside
tomentose, last abdominal segment rufescent. Length 14, width
8mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg).

A little more massive and more convex than (C,
carneola, Burm., and redder ; the black spots on the pro-
thorax and elytra do not commingle in the least.

C. aspersa, 1. sp.

Bronze, shining, covered with closely-set squamules ; head
closely punctured ; prothorax attenuate in front from about the
median part, with thick but short pubescence, closely punctured, but
also with narrow, irregular longitudinal impressions filled with
dense greyish-white squamules, median part with a smooth, longi-
tudinal, raised line ; elytra deeply sinuate laterally, bi-costate on
each side, with short pubescence, rugose, with the rugosities filled

with dense squamules ; pygidium and underside densely squamose.
Length 13, width 7 mm,

Hab. Zambezia (Mazoe).

Allied to C. (Pseudoprotxtia) amakosa, Boh., buta little
larger, and very densely covered with scales.

164 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

Family BUPRESTIDAL.
CHALCOPHOROIDES.
Gen. PsttopTErA, Sol.

P. chalcophoroides, n. sp.

Bright metallic-grey, with a coppery sheen on the upper part,
underside and legs glowing, coppery-red; head moderately
rounded, irregularly foveate, eyes elongate, narrow; antenne short,
greenish ; prothorax nearly twice as broad as long, rounded in the
anterior part and also slightly attenuated near the base, depressed,
with the outersides nearly flat, irregularly sub-foveate on the
disk and sides, and with one small, smooth raised spot in the
anterior lateral angle and another on each side of the median
longitudinal impression, which is broad and shallow, the outersides
not separated from the discoidal part by a longitudinal depres-
sion; elytra as broad as the prothorax at the base, with the
humeral angle sloping, moderately sinuate laterally above the
median part, as broad in the middle as at the base, gradually
aculeate from there to the apex, which ends in a moderately sharp
sutural spine, depressed on the upper part, broadly and deeply
punctate-striate, with the intervals narrow but much raised,
glabrous, but having a broad, supra-marginal, pubescent yellowish
band reaching from base to apex. Length 24-25, width 9-93 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

P. xneola, n. sp.

Dull bronze, with the punctures brighter on both upper and
lower parts; head with very short pubescence, broadly and irregularly
punctured and with a narrow, transverse raised spot ; prothorax
sub-diagonal laterally in the anterior part, nearly straight from
there to the base, moderately plane, with the outersides a little
more depressed but not separated from the disk by a longitudinal

impression, roughly punctured, with the sides very rugose, and with.

two small but very distinct, smooth tubercles on each side, one at
the apical angle, the other in the middle of the anterior part of the
disk ; elytra sinuate laterally before the median part, which is as
broad as the base, gradually aculeate from beyond the middle to the
apex, which ends in an apical and a sutural spine on each side,
depressed for some distance from the base, closely punctured, and
with five very little raised, nearly smooth cost, interrupted five
or six times by an oblong patch of punctures, smaller and more
closely set than those in the intervals; underside and legs pubes-

Coleoptera from South Africa. 165

scent, a little brighter than on the upper part, lateral part of
abdominal segments with one irregular, elongated, somewhat
indistinct, denuded patch. Length 23, width 9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

P, stataria, n. sp.

Bright bronze with the prothorax and underside brassy ; head
foveate, impressed in the anterior part, faintly grooved longitu-
dinally on the vertex ; prothorax very slightly attenuated laterally
in the anterior part, nearly straight from thence to the base, but a
little sinuated above it, moderately plane, with the disk separated
from the outersides by a deep and well defined longitudinal sulcus
reaching from some distance from the apex to the base, both disk
and sides roughly foveate, median impression on the former very
indistinct except beyond the middle ; elytra sinuated laterally in the
anterior part, acuminated from beyond the middle to the apex, which
ends in a short, sutural spine, convex in the anterior part and
moderately depressed behind, faintly punctate-striate, with the in-
tervals not raised, impunctate and separated at a distance of about
one centimetre by a little quadrate patch of very fine punctures,
and having on each side a moderately broad supra-marginal
greyish-white pubescent band reaching from base to apex ; the
tessellation of the intervals of the elytra is rather indistinct ;
underside roughly punctured, the punctures pubescent. Length
26, width 10 mm.

Hab. “ambezia (Salisbury).

P. wntrusa, 0. sp.

Bright bronze on the upper and under sides ; head very rugose,
slightly pubescent, and with a median longitudinal, smooth, raised
line ; prothorax a little attenuated in the anterior lateral part,
nearly straight from thence to the base, almost plane on the disk,
which is deeply sulcate laterally from the median part to the base
and has also two superimposed, round impressions on each side of
the median longitudinal groove, which is very shallow and more
distinct in the anterior part ; elytra in the middle slightly broader
than the basal part, moderately aculeate behind, bi-spinose on each
side of the apex, with very short pubescence behind, deeply
punctate-striate, with the intervals also deeply and closely punc-
tured, the alternate ones tessellated ; underside roughly punc-
tured, with short pubescence. Length 20, width 8 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

166 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

P. cognata, n. sp.

Glowing coppery-red, with the lateral intervals of the elytra
greenish ; head foveate and with a small, median smooth space ;
prothorax a little attenuate laterally in front, parallel from the
middle to the apex, slightly convex in the middle, with the outer
sides hardly depressed, and without any lateral impression, the
median one distinct only from the middle to the base, closely
foveate, except in the central part, which is deeply punctured, and
having on each side two small smooth spots, one in the apical angle,
the other in the anterior part of the disk ; elytra narrower in the
middle than at the base, sharply acuminate behind, bi-spinose on
each side at the apex, the sutural spine longer than the outer one,
deeply punctate-striate, with the intervals narrow, convex, and
closely punctured, the alternate ones with small, elongated, discon-
nected, smooth spots; underside and legs very rugose, tomentose,
abdominal segments with a small, lateral, denuded spot, tarsi green.
Length 24, width 9 mm.

Hab. Garmbezia (Manica).

In shape and sculpture allied to P. suspecta, Fahr.,
but without any lateral impression on the prothorax ;
the elytral intervals are more convex and the punctures
much deeper.

Family MALACODERMATA.
- TELEPHORINI.

Gen. Matrnoprs, Kiesenw.

M. australis, n. sp.

Antennz black, with the four basal joints flavescent, palpi
black, eyes large; prothorax a little broader than long,
slightly impressed laterally on the anterior part, and above the
median part of the base deeply infuscate, with the anterior and
posterior margins yellow ; elytra very short, reaching only to the
first abdominal segment, very divergent, deeply sinuate laterally,
shagreened, with short pubescence ; abdominal segments edged later-
ally with yellow, the last deeply incised apically ; legs black, with
the basal part of the tibiz flavescent. Length 63, width 1 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

Coleoptera from South Africa. 167

Family TENEBRIONIDS.

MOLURIDES.

Gen. Amtantus, Fahr.

A. octocostatus, n. sp.

Black, covered on the upper part with a dense, light-brown
tomentum ; head rugose ; prothorax gibbous, a little retuse in the
anterior part, covered with very broad, confluent punctures ;
elytra suborbicular, convex, dehiscent behind, and having on each
side four sharp, highly raised, slightly tuberculated coste reaching
from the base to the posterior declivity, intervals and outer sides
smooth ; legs densely tomentose ; underside glabrous. Length 16,
width 10 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Barberton).

Allied to A. opacus, Haag-Rutenb., but larger and
with four distinct coste on each elytron instead of
three.

A. globulipennis, n. sp.

Black, with the elytra covered with a greyish tomentum ; head
very rugose ; prothorax gibbous, a little compressed laterally in
the anterior and basal part, deeply but regularly scrobiculate ;
elytra globose, very dehiscent behind, and having on each side five
sharp, smooth, conspicuous costs reaching from the base to the
posterior declivity, the intervals broad and filled with closely
set sharp granules, not so dense on the lateral part, and absent on
the epipleurz ; legs rugose, with short pubescence. Length 20,
width 13 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Manica).

Allied to A. octocostatus, but larger; the prothorax
is compressed laterally, which is not the case in A. octo-
costatus, and the elytra have five distinct smooth cost
on each side, instead of four subtuberculated ones.

A. mashunus, n. sp.

Black, but dark-brown on the elytra; head subscrobiculate ;
prothorax subgibbose, not deeply foveate, the fovez confluent,
central part with a longitudinal smooth line reaching from apex to

168 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

base, and a semicircular, very deep impression on each side ; elytra
with very short and not dense pubescence, much broader than the
prothorax, the humeral angles slightly sloping, nearly plane in
the anterior part, obliquely dehiscent behind, carinate laterally
from the base to the median part, outer margin also carinate
from base to apex, the dorsal part with three lateral, undulating,
indistinctly defined .coste; underside nearly glabrous; legs
rugose, tomentose. Length 13, width 9 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to A. undatus, Haag-Rutenb. The elytra are a
little less sloping at the humeral part, a little more plane
on the disk, and with less undulating costez; the legs
are also more slender.

A. costatus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a brown tomentum ; head rugose ; prothorax
gibbose, much compressed on each side of the median discoidal part ;
elytra nearly truncate at the base, subquadrate for two-thirds of
their length, dehiscent behind, plane, and with one lateral and two
very sharp discoidal cost, the lateral costa ending in a sharp point
at the top of the posterior declivity ; underside nearly glabrous ;
legs with very short pubescence. Length 10-14, width 6-8 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Victoria Falls—between the Limpopo
and Zambeze Rivers).

OPATRIDES.
Gen. ANOMALIPUS, Guér.

A. (Acmxus) podagricus, n. sp.

Black, opaque, more or less densely covered with a brownish
coating ; head with broad, close punctures, labrum and epistoma
deeply incised ; prothorax very much ampliated in the anterior
part, narrowed and sinuated from the median part to the basal
angle, which is sharp and slightly projecting backwards ; the pos-
terior part of the prothorax is narrower in the ¢ than in the 9,
convex, with the outer sides a little depressed, with very closely-
set, equal punctures, and having two round impressions on each
side of the disk ; elytra nearly parallel, not much broader than the
base of the prothorax, more convex in the ¢@ than in the ¢, in
which sex they are moderately plane in the anterior part, convex and
deflexed behind, finely granulose and with three raised lines on each
side, and occasionally a faint trace of intervening lines ; legs very

Coleoptera from South Africa, 169

rugose, anterior femora thickly clubbed. In the ¢ the anterior and
intermediate tibia are broadly dilated at the tip, the former with
a short, outer, bi-spinose carina, and very broadly scooped out in-
ternally, with the upper edge of the inner part laminated and ending
in a basal and an apical spine, while the apical part of the lower
edge is produced in a long, inward spur, the intermediate tibiz are
very deeply incised inwardly above the apex which is also compressed
outwardly, and the posterior tibie are a little attenuated at tne
base, but not bent. In the ¢ the anterior tibize have two long
external teeth, and a straight lamina internally extending from the
apex to the same distance as the first external tooth, and the inter-
mediate tibiz are a little bent, deeply grooved on the upper part
and with a short, median spine on each side of the groove.
Length 22-23, width 12-14 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

Much smaller than A. elephas, Fahr., but belonging to
the same group ; the anterior tibiae are scooped out in-
ternally on the same plan, but the upper edge overhangs
the cavity.

A. (Acmxus) proximus, Nn. sp.

Shape, size and vestiture of A. podagricus ; the 9 is however a
little less convex, and in both sexes the elytra are more closely
granulated, and the raised, smooth lines are replaced by a tri-
linear series of granules a little larger than those of the inter-
spaces, with a faint trace of other intervening series; in the ¢
the anterior tibia are slender from the base to the median part,
then suddenly dilated in a sub-quadrate shape, bi-dentate out-
wardly, broadly excavate underneath, with the upper part of the
internal edge deeply incised so as to make it also bi-dentate, and
the apical part of the lower edge is produced in a long broad spine
directed inwardly, intermediate tibie a little bent, not much dilated
at tip, but deeply incised above the apex, with the terminal part of
the incision produced in a long inner spur; in the ? the posterior
tibia are moderately slender and a little incurved, the anterior
tibiee are not dilated, nor laminated inwardly, and they are strongly
bi-dentate externally. Length 21-22 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).
A, (Acmexus) plebeius, n. sp.

Black, covered with a greyish coating; head and prothorax
deeply and closely punctured, prothorax very broadly ampliated

170 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

laterally, deeply sinuated behind from a little beyond the median
part, and with the posterior part narrower than the anterior, moder-
ately convex, with the sides somewhat depressed, bi-impressed on
each side of the anterior part of the disc, and witha basal sub-lateral
longitudinal impression ; elytra not broader at the base than the
posterior part of the prothorax, but broadening a little below the
humeral angles and nearly as broad in the middle in both sexes as
the prothorax at its widest part, convex, dehiscent behind and with
six distinct, narrow cost on each side. In the ¢ the anterior tibiz
are moderately dilated at the tip, bi-dentate outwardly, while the
inner part is contorted and has a broad, semicircular groove, the
lower edge is sub-quadrate and bi-dentate, with the basal tooth
pointing downwards, intermediate tibis incurved, deeply incised
inwardly, with the terminal part of the incision produced in a long
inner spur, posterior tibize moderately sleuder and a little incurved ;
in the ¢ the anterior tibie are strongly bi-dentate outwardly and
not laminate internally. Length 19-22, width 11-12 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to A. lineatus, Gerst., in shape and sculpture,
but is easily differentiated by the shape of the anterior
tibie.

A. (Apodemus) marshalli, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining, elytra with a light brown coating ;
head punctulate, and with two round impressions in the posterior
part ; prothorax ampliate laterally in the middle part, a little nar-
rower in the posterior than in the anterior part, basal angle sharp,
disk moderately convex, depressed laterally, punctured and with
two apical rounded impressions at the apex, two more on the median
part, and two on each side, the intervals separating these impressions
being smooth; elytra moderately plane, convex and dehiscent behind,
nearly straight laterally, and set with series of short, rounded,
tubercles which are a little more raised in the alternate series ;
anterior tibiz of the ¢ slender, curving but not much dilated at
the apex, bi-dentate outwardly, the inner apical part with a sharp
spine pointing downwards, intermediate tibie slightly grooved out-
wardly and with a short median spine on each side, apical part a
little dilated. Length 26, width 13 mm,

Hab. Y“ambezia (Salisbury).

Kasily distinguished from any other South African
species by the tuberculated elytra.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 171

A, seqnis, 1. sp.

Black, with a very slight greyish-brown coating ; head punctu-
late, with two small median impressions; prothorax broadly ampli-
ated in the median part, sinuate behind, somewhat depressed on the
disk, with the outer sides flattened, closely but not dgeply punctured
and with two very faint, rounded, discoidal supra-basal impres-
sions ; elytra parallel, plane, slightly wider at the base than the
posterior part of the prothorax, costate, coste not much raised
and intervals narrow, both striz and intervals densely granulose ;
legs moderately slender ; anterior tibiz of the ¢ a little curved,
bi-dentate outwardly, apical part dilated inwardly, grooved and
with a broad, sharp carina underneath, intermediate tibiz slightly
sinuated outwardly towards the apex. Length 22, width 11 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

Allied to A. planus, Fahr., and A. affinis, Pér.; but the
anterior tibize end differently, and have not the con-
spicuous apical inner spine directed downward; the
costee on the elytra are very well defined and regular.

EUTELIDES.

Gen. Byzacnus, Pase.

B. capensis, n. sp.

Head, prothorax and legs piceous-brown, median part of the pro-
thorax with a sub-metallic sheen, elytra dark metallic-green ; head
very closely punctured, antennz short, reaching only the median
part of the prothorax, which is much depressed, as long as broad,
sinuate and a little narrowed behind, closely foveate, with the
fovez small ; elytra not broader at the base than the posterior part
of the prothorax, gradually ampliated laterally in a triangular
shape from the base to two-thirds of the length, and from thence
abruptly truncate, while the disk is also gradually raised, although
plane, from the base to the top of the declivity, which like the
discoidal and lateral parts are roughly foveate ; tibiz curved ;
underside punctulate. Length 11-13, width 6-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port St. John).

Easily distinguished from its congener B. picticollis,
Pase., by the absence of tubercles on the declivous part
of the elytra.

172 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

Gen. CyrtrotycHE, Pase.
C. rikatle, n. sp.

Black, covered with a light brown tomentum; head very rugose,
antennee short, black ; prothorax with a sharp lateral tubercle, and
one equally long but perpendicular over it, and four more on the
disk, which in the ? is broadly grooved in the centre, with the
sides of the groove developed in two high tuberculated ridges ;
elytra elongated, retuse behind, not quite so broad at the base as
the prothorax at its widest part, not ampliated behind inthe ¢,a
little broader past the median part in the 9, very rugose and with
three series of thick, sharp, conical tubercles on each side, longer in
the ¢ and denuded and golden at the tip, lateral part with two
series of smaller tubercles ; legs rugose, tibie slightly curved in
the ¢, much less so in the 2. Length 15-16, width 6-7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

Differs from C. satanas, Pasc.,.in the shape and
disposition of the tubercles on the prothorax and elytra.

MEGACANTHIDES.
Gen. Micrantereus, Sol.

M. scaberrimus, Fairm., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxviii.,
prea? .

Fairmaire has given, loc. c’t., the diagnosis of the ¢ only ; the
g is elongate-ovate, with the elytra much narrower than those of
the ¢@, the granules are larger and denser, the dorsal coste are ill-
defined, although the granules of which they consist are larger than
those in the intervals; the anterior and intermediate tibizw are
deeply emarginate internally from near the median part to the
apex, the anterior femora are sub-dentate apically, and both the
intermediate and posterior legs are fringed with long, flavescent
pubescence. Length 20, width 10 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

M. limpopoanus, un. sp.

Black, opaque, more or less densely covered with a light brown
tomentum ; head closely and finely punctured ; prothorax a little
attenuate laterally at both ends, broader than long, moderately
convex with the anterior part slightly declivous, disk closely but
irregularly punctured ; elytra elongate-ovate (¢) or sub-globose
(¢ ), declivous behind, and with large, closely-set granules, a little
sharper in tke ¢ than in the ?; anterior and intermediate tibic

Coleoptera from South Africa. 173

of the ¢ deeply emarginate internally as in all Micrantereus, anterior
femora sub-dentate at apex ; underside punctured; legs very
rugose. In the @ the legs are shorter, the tibiz not emarginate
inwardly, and the anterior femora not dentate. Length 183-20,
width 11-12 mm.

Hab. Upper Limpopo River.

M. carinatus, n. sp.

Black, covered on the upper part with very short tomentose
pubescence, which is denser and a little longer on the elytra ; head
and prothorax very finely and closely punctured, prothorax a little
attenuate laterally in front and behind ; elytra elongate-ovate in
the ¢, convex and gradually dehiscent behind, bi-costate on each
side, the costz consisting of elongated, coalescing, short tubercles,
with the intervals irregularly tuberculated, suture smooth, raised ;
in the ? the elytra are more convex and therefore more abruptly
declivous behind and they have three distinct, sub-tuberculate
cost on each side ; legs rugose, anterior femora not sub-dentate in
the ¢, intermediate tibize so deeply emarginate inwardly that the
base of the sinuation is almost toothed ; underside black, shining,
punctulate. Length 19-214, width 11-13 mm.

Hab. Betchuanaland (Ramoutsa), Upper Limpopo.

Larger than M. (Solenomerus) longipes, Fahr., propor-
tionally more massive, but while in M. longipes the dorsal
longitudinal series of tubercles are hardly more raised
than the tubercles m the intervals, and are thus very
indistinct, they are very well defined in the present
species, more raised, and although closely sub-tuber-
culated, often smooth and carinate on the posterior
declivity.

M. luctwosus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a greyish tomentum ; head and prothorax
shagreened, the latter as broad as long and hardly attenuate
laterally at apex and base; elytra elongated, very little ampliated
laterally in the median part, not much attenuated, and not very
abruptly declivous behind, each elytron with two discoidal series
of more or less elongated and coalescing tubercles or rather large
granules, with a few sub-seriated ones on the first and second
intervals, anda double or treble irregular series between the second
tuberculate costa and the sub-carinate supra-lateral part ; legs
long, the anterior and intermediate tibie sinuate inwardly as

174 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

usual, but the posterior ones, which are very slender in comparison
with the others, are sinuate outwardly and deeply emarginate in
the inner part a short distance from the base to the apical part ;
basal joint of anterior tarsi triangular, not emarginate externally.
Female unknown. Length 15, width 7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

Easily distinguished by the incurved posterior Hines
this character occurs also, but in a lesser degree, in the $
of M. yratiosus.

M. gratiosus, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining; head and prothorax finely punctulate,
the latter broader than long, rounded laterally at base and apex ;
elytra elongated, very little ampliated in the middle, nearly plane
in the anterior part and with a long posterior slope, covered with
irregular, sharp, short tubercles closely set, and not disposed in

series, supra-lateral part sharp, almost carinate, lateral part sub-
foveate. Femaleunknown. Length 15-17, width 8-8} mm.

Hab. Zambezia (between the Zambeze and Limpopo
Rivers).

Elytra narrower than in M. (Solenomerus) -longipes,
Fahr., less convex, and much less retuse behind, with
the outer sides more carinate, and the prothorax more
plane and acutely carinate laterally; the basal joint of
the anterior tarsi is triangular and not emarginate in-
ternally as in W. longipes, carinatus, etc.

M. spurius, n. sp.

Black, covered with a light brown tomentum ; head and pro-
thorax very shortly setulose, the latter hardly convex, carinate
laterally ; elytra of the ¢ ovate, convex, gradually sloping behind,
supra-lateral part sharp, carinate, densely granulose and with two
series of small tubercles on each side, the space between the first
series and the suture also tuberculated irregularly. In the 9 the
prothorax is a little more convex and has a round smooth spot on
each side, and the punctures are also deeper ; the elytra are very
convex, abruptly declivous behind, with the granules and tubercles
smaller and the two discoidal series better defined. Length 14-15,
width 8-9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (between the Zambeze and Limpopo
Rivers, Manica).

The ¢ is closely allied to the same sex of M. gratiosus,

Coleoptera from South Africa. 175

but the elytra are more ampliated laterally and less
elongated behind. I am not quite sure that the ?,
which I describe from one example only, is truly that of
M, spurius.

M. fallax, un. sp.

Black, moderately shining; head and prothorax as in M. spurius
and MZ, gratiosus ; elytra elongate-ovate, depressed on the anterior
part of the disk, and gradually sloping from the median part to
the apex in both sexes, broader at the base in the ¢, covered with
closely-set granules not large ‘enough to be called tubercles, and
having on each side two lines of more or less coalescing small
tubercles—the outer line is the best defined of the two, the supra-
lateral part sharp in both sexes and densely granulate ; basal joint
of the anterior tarsi not emarginate. Length 15-16, width 93-10mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Upper Limpopo).

Hasily recognized by the depression of the basal part
of the elytra and the gradual sloping towards the apex.

M. ovampoanus, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining; prothorax a little convex, somewhat
attenuate laterally in front, one-third broader than long, slightly
sloping at apex, nearly smooth ; elytra of the ¢ elongate, rather
convex from the median part of the disk, sub-aculeate behind and
gradually sloping, supra-lateral part sharply carinate, anterior part
of the disk smooth, the rest with short tubercles, irregularly set
but forming somewhat indistinct series on each side of the
posterior declivous part; basal joint of the anterior tarsi not
emarginate inwardly. In the ? the elytra are very convex, covered
with a greyish-brown tomentum, and the basal part near the
scutellum is nearly smooth ; they are densely granulose, and the
two dorsal series of larger granules are distinct. Length 15-17,
width 9 mm.

Hab. Ovampoland. |

A little more aculeate behind and less declivous than
M., longipes, Fahr., of which it is a very close ally. The
$ is distinguished by the denuded space at the base of
the elytra, as well as by the form of the basal joint of the
anterior tarsi, which is not emarginate.

176 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

M. devevus, n. sp.

Black, shining; head punctulate; prothorax very closely
punctured, the punctures elongate, irregular and confluent, disk
not very convex, lateral part a little attenuate in front and
behind ; elytra in the ¢ nearly parallel laterally, almost plane
from the base to the median part of the disk, where it is sub-
convex and gradually sloping from thence to the apex, the posterior
part sub-aculeate, the supra-lateral part acutely carinate from
base to apex, the carina tuberculose, the median part of the disk
rugose and without any serrated granules, but alongside the
lateral carina the granules are dense ; basal joint of the anterior
tarsi very broadly triangular, not emarginate inwardly. In the ?
the elytra are convex, covered with an earthy tomentum, hardly
granulate on the anterior part of the disk, except along the supra-
lateral carina, which is sharply defined, and with a few moderately
large granules on the posterior declivous part. Length 13-14,
width 6-7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

M. pronus, nu. sp.

Black, moderately shining ; head and prothorax closely but not
deeply punctured, the latter a little attenuate in front and behind,
slightly convex in the posterior part of the disk and dehiscent in
front ; elytra nearly parallel in the ¢ from the base to two-thirds
of their length, and sub-acuminate from thence towards the
apex, plane on the disk near the base, gradually dehiscent from
the median pari, rugose in the centre, and broadly verrucose
laterally alongside the supra-lateral carina, which is very sharp ;
basal joint of the anterior tarsi broadly triangular, Inthe ¢? the
elytra are more convex along the suture, more abruptly dehiscent
behind, with the lateral granulation less pronounced, and there
is a trace of two series of larger granules on each side of the
declivity. Length 15-153, width 9 mm.

Hab, ‘Transvaal (Barberton).

M. algoensis, nu. sp.

Black, covered with a light brown tomentum; head and
prothorax very closely punctured, hardly ampliate in the middle,
moderately convex and shortly dehiscent in the anterior part ;
elytra nearly straight laterally from a very short distance from the
humeral part, rather’ plane than convex on the disk, abruptly

Coleoptera from South Africa. Le

retuse behind, the supra-lateral part carinate, the carina serrulate,
the disk with a sharp, median smooth ridge on each side, ending

suddenly at the top of the posterior declivity, the interval between
‘the suture and the dorsal ridge smooth, the other interval with an
indistinct series of very small tubercles. Length 15, width 9 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla),

Easily distinguished from all the other described
South African species of Micrantereus by the smooth
dorsal ridge ending abruptly at the top of the posterior
declivity in an acute point, in exactly the same manner
as in Amuiantus carinatus, of the group Molurides. In the
male the posterior declivity is not so abrupt as in the
female, and the apical part of the dorsal ridge is, there-
fore, not so marked; the tubercles in the interval
between the median ridge and the supra-lateral part are
more seriate ; and the intermediate and posterior tibize
are as much incurved as they are in M. gratiosus, of
which the present insect may prove to be a variety.

ACASTUS, n. gen.

Mentum as in Hoplonyx, Thoms., last joint of maxillary palpi
securiform, labrum transverse, truncate in front, eyes large,
divided on the vertex by a mere line, supra-antennal crests
produced in a coalescing semicircular ridge overhanging the anterior
part of the head ; antenna not reaching the median part of the
elytra, massive, the joints sub-moniliform, the median ones slightly
dilated inwardly and somewhat serrate, the apical ones sometimes
more or less pyriform; prothorax plane, as broad as long, a little
rounded in front laterally, but with the posterior angles very
sharp, carinate laterally ; elytra sub-oblong, parallel, broader
than the prothorax, not very convex ; legs moderately long,
anterior tibiz deeply sinuate at the base, anterior femora with a
broad conical tooth near the apical part.

Distinguished from Hoplonyx by the shape of the
antennz, the joints of which are shorter, much more
massive, the third not longer than the first ; the supra-
antennal crests are much developed and coalesce in the
middle.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—partT 1. (JUNE.) 12

178 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species o
ro)

Synopsis OF SPECIES.

Prothorax with a small discoidal impression on each side, and a
broader one in the median part of the base . . segnis.
Prothorax with small tubercles . . . oi Ne neg) mueateeuas
Prothorax with a short median raised line Baro seh sn AQTCRLIS.
Prothorax with two deep longitudinal lateral impressions,

empressicollis,

A. segnis, n. sp.

Dark brown, with short and dense pubescence ; antenne black ;
labrum and epistoma pubescent ; prothorax straight laterally, the
sides very slightly sinuate anteriorly, with the anterior angles
rounded, and bi-sinuate posteriorly, with the hind angles sharp, plane
on the disk, but slightly sloping near the anterior margin, roughly
and closely punctured, and having a median, ill-defined longitudinal
smooth line running from base to apex, and a median discoidal
impression on each side of the line, while the median part of the
base is broadly impressed ; elytra truncate at base, sub-cylindrical,
slightly dehiscent behind, sharply carinate, the intervals narrow
and with a series of moderately broad but deep punctures ; under-
side thickly clothed with very short pubescence ; legs rugulose,
pubescent. Length 13, width 5 mm.

Hab. YZambezia (Salisbury), Mozambique (Rikatla).

A, rusticus, n, sp.

Brown, with the antennz black, with very short pubescence;
head as in A. segnés ; prothorax slightly sinuate at the sides behind
the median part, covered with closely-set, deep, moderately broad
punctures, broadly impressed longitudinally on each side of the
median part, the outer part of the impression bounded by a low,
well-defined ridge, with a short tubercle in the middle, central
part of the median impression also with a small rounded tubercle,

in a transverse line with the other two; elytra sub-cylindrical,

carine sharp, punctures of the intervals ee ; underside and legs
with short pubescence. Length 73, width 35 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbur :

A. agrestis, n. sp.
Brown, with moderately lorg pubescence on the upper pari,

antennz brown ; head as in the two preceding species ; prothorax
sinuate at the sides behind the median part, anterior part of the

Fae:

ee

Coleoptera from South Africa. 179

disk slightly convex, median part a little depressed longitudinally,
base deeply impressed above the scutellum, disk closely foveate,
the fovez smal], and with a median longitudinal smooth line
reaching neither base nor apex ; elytra sub-cylindrical, sharply
carinate, punctures of the intervals deep, pubescence long ; under-
side and legs with short pubescence. Length 7, width 3 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Salisbury).

A, impressicollis, n. sp.

Brown or rusty-red, with the elytra and legs a little lighter than
the prothorax and antenne; head as in the preceding species ; pro-
thorax with dense, short pubescence, rounded at the sides in the
anterior part, sinuate near the base, disk a little convex in front,
moderately plane from the middle to the base, and having on each
side of the median part a very broad and deep pyriform impression,
while the lateral posterior part and also the median part of the
base are slightly impressed; elytra sub-cylindrical, less pubescent
than the prothorax, acutely carinate and deeply punctate-striate ;
legs and underside as in the preceding species. Length 6,
width 2 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Salisbury).

In A. impressicollis the intermediate joints of the
antenne are more moniliform from and including the
sixth than in the other species.

ASYLEPTUS, n. gen.

Mentum as in Acastus; maxillary palpi with the last joint
triangular, bluntly truncate; antenne moderately long, and
moderately thick, conical, the joints of nearly equal length, except
the basal one which is the longest, and the apical one which is a
little shorter, slender at the base, sub-pyriform at the tip and less
thickened than either of the two preceding joints ; eyes separated
by a narrow line on the vertex ; frontal crests produced in front,
meeting in the centre, and perpendicularly carinate; prothorax
and elytra asin Acastus ; legs more slender and alittle longer than
in that genus, anterior tibiz not sinuated inwardly, the anterior
femora without any conical tooth.

_ A. fumosus, n. sp.
Piceous, opaque, glabrous, antennze, palpi and legs reddish-
brown; labrum and epistoma closely punctulate ; frontal part
produced in two projecting much raised crests, united in front, and

180 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

carinate along the point of insertion of the antenne ; prothorax
nearly straight laterally, truncate in front, bi-sinuate at base,
plane, a little dehiscent in the anterior part, glabrous, closely punc-
tured and with two faint impressions, one on each side ; elytra
sub-cylindrical, sharply carinate, intervals closely and deeply
punctured, the punctures in the first and second intervals not
so deep as in the others ; underside glabrous, with the exception of
the abdomen, which is clothed -vith very short pubescence. Length 9,
width 3; mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Kowie River).

Family CERAMBYCIDAs.
Subfamily LAMIINI.
Gen. Briuus, Pasce.

B. pascoei, n. sp.

Black, covered with a very short, slightiy greyish tomentum,
lateral part of the scutellum, of the meso- and metasternum, and
also of the abdominal segments, clothed with a bright ochraceous
pubescence ; head rugulose, clypeus distinct, vertex deeply and
broadly grooved, frontal and hind part with a very fine groove ; the
two basal joints of antennze black, the others rufescent ; prothorax
as long as broad, sharply aculeate laterally at the middle, grooved
transversely in front and behind, median part of the disk slightly
raised in the shape of a lozenge and narrowly grooved longitudi-
nally ; elytra three times as long as the prothorax, elongate-ovate,
with the sutural part incised at the apex, very convex in the
middle, gradually sloping behind, a little broader at the base than
the hind part of the prothorax, with the humeral angles diagonal
and produced in a short tubercle, granulated for about one-fifth of
their length, punctured from the base to about the median part and
not punctate behind; legs with long pubescence, tibiz dilated
from the median part to the apex, the intermediate ones almost
laminated outwardly. Length 29, width 10 mm.

Much larger than B. spinosus, Pasc., and without any
basal tubercle on the elytra, which are not mottled with
grey.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom).

———

Coleoptera from South Africa. 181

Gen. Srernotomis, Perch.
S. mozambica, n. sp.

Black, covered with a thick ochraceous tomentum ; mandibles
massive, with two small rounded tubercles on the outer basal part
in the ¢ ; anterior part of the head finely granulate, apical part
of the vertex with a semicircular impression followed by a longi-
tudinal median line, eyes large: prothorax transverse, with the
median part of the outersides aculeate, bi-impressed transversely
at apex and base, median part of the disk also with a transverse
impression, slightly sinuate in the middle, in front and behind ;
elytra sub-cuneiform, broader at the base than the prothorax, and
with the shoulders projecting a little, but rounded and not tuber-
culated, gradually attenuate behind, set with moderately close
granules at the base, and irregularly punctured ; intercoxal process
of the prosternum hollowed, narrowed and rounded in front ;
antenne twice the length of the body inthe ¢, finely granulose and
pubescent. Length 27, width 10 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

TIMORETICUS, n. gen.

Head, eyes, labrum and palpi of Zographus, Cast.; antennee of equal
length in both sexes, with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints much thicker
than the others ; prothorax short, with a conical lateral tubercle ;
elytra sub-cylindrical, with the humeral angles well developed; inter-
coxal part of the mesosternum without any projection, that of the
metasternum sub-aculeate and hardly projecting; legs as in Zo-
graphus.

Allied to Zographus, but easily distinguished from it in
having antennz of equal length in ‘both sexes, and the
3rd, 4th and 5th joints much thicker than the others ;
the prothorax is less hexagonal, the metasternal projection
is differently shaped, and the elytra are more cylindrical.

T. armaticeps, n. sp.

Chocolate-brown, very finely and thickly pubescent; frontal
part of the head with a very narrow median ridge, ¢ with a long,
flat, sub-vertical median lamina excavate in the centre, vertex with
a semicircular groove, followed by a longitudinal median one ;
prothorax one-third broader than long, with the median part of the
outersides produced in a sharp tubercle, deeply impressed trans-
versely in front and behind, and with the intermediate part some-

182 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

what bi-plicate ; both head and prothorax are clothed with a slightly
ochraceous pubescence ; scutellum transverse, sub-quadrate ; elytra
sub-parallel, a littie broader at the base than the prothorax across the
median part, sinuate laterally at the base in such a way as to make the
humeral angle very prominent, a little attenuate gradually towards
the apex, convex, closely punctured, and covered with a very fine,
short, slightly greyish pubescence, sprinkled with minute light
ochraceous or whitish spots,and having also two broader ones at
the base on each side of the scutellum ; underside and legs densely
pubescent ; the 4th joint of the antenne is slightly constricted near
the apex, and all the joints are pubescent and ringed with brown
at the tip from the fourth to the last one. The 9 has no trace of
the frontal process. Length 21-22, width 73-8 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla) ; Transvaal.

In the examples from Rikatla the white speckles on
the elytra are much more conspicuous than in those from
the Transvaal.

Gen. TRAGOCEPHALA, Cast.
T’. rikatle, un. sp.

Densely covered with a very short black velvety pubescence ;
antenne and legs velvety-black; head and prothorax bright
sulphur-yellow, the latter with a narrow median longitudinal black
band reaching from the base to the apex, the lateral part of
the prothorax aculeate in the middle; elytra as broad as the
prothorax in the median part, a little attenuated behind, depressed,
and with four broad transverse bands on each side edged with
white, separated by a narrow band of the black ground-colour and
reaching from the outer margins to near the suture, but discon-
nected from it; the first, second and fourth bands are of nearly
equal breadth, but the third one is narrower and divided in
two at about the median part by a diagonal narrow black line ;
underside with a broad bright yellow lateral band running from
the sides of the mesosternum to the apex; legs bright yellow.
Length 15, width 5 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla).

At once distinguished from the other South African
species by the narrow black median line of the prothorax,
and the very broad yellow bands of the elytra, which
have very nearly invaded the whole of the surface.

Coleoptera from South Africa, 183

Gen. CRROPLESIS, Serv.
CU. manicana, n. sp.

Black, the elytra bluish-black, with short pubescence; head
with two frontal, longitudinal red bands; prothorax constricted at
base and apex, tuberculated laterally beyond the median part, sub-
tuberculated and rugose on the disk, anterior and posterior
constrictions banded with pale vermilion; elytra elongated,
gradually narrowed from the base to the apex, which is rounded,
convex, deeply and closely punctured all over, but more deeply
in the basal part, which has a brassy tinge, and having two
transverse, non-sinuate vermilion-red bands reaching from side to
side, one supra-apical one, sinuate laterally, one apical patch, and a
supra-marginal dot between the post median and the supra-apical
bands ; epipleuree red from the base to the median part ; underside
pubescent, meso- and metasternum each with a lateral red patch,
Length 30, width 10 mm. ,

Hab. Zambezia (Manica).

In the ¢ the elytra are more acuminate behind than
in any other South African species known to me.

C. fallaw, n. sp.

Black, with a very short, greyish pubescence ; frontal part of
the head with two longitudinal pale vermilion-red bands and a
transverse apical one ; prothorax constricted at base and apex,
tuberculated laterally beyond the median part, rugose on the disk,
the anterior and posterior constrictions banded with pale vermilion-
red; elytra cylindrical, finely and closely punctured, each puncture
bearing a very short, greyish hair; their basal part has no bronze
tinge, and they have a sub-humeral pale vermilion-red band
reaching neither the outer margin nor the suture on each side,
two median ones, moderately broad, reaching the outer margins,
another band reaching from the outer margin to the median part
of the disk or sometimes to near the suture, a sub-sinuate supra-
apical one reaching from side to side and an apical patch coalescing
along the margin with the supra-apical band ; epipleure red from
the base to the median part ; underside more densely pubescent
than the upper, lateral part of the meso- and metasternum, as
well as of the abdominal segments, the last one excepted, red.
Length 26, width 9 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

184 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of.

Very closely allied to C. malepicta, Fairm., but with
the subhumeral band of the elytra better defined, the two
median bands a little broader, and the supra-apical one
uninterrupted.

Family CURCULIONIDA.
BRACHYDERIDES.
Group TANYMECIN.

Gen. Potycizis, Bohem.

P. sumptuosus, n. sp.

Oblong-ovate, black, densely covered with green scales, elytra
with two greenish-white lateral patches, of which the anterior one
situated above the median part is the broadest of the two, the
other, a small one, is equidistant from the median and
apical parts, and a little beyond the median part of the disk there
is a transverse band reaching on each side from the middle of the
elytra to the suture ; rostrum grooved horizontally in the central
part only, and slightly carinate at the apex ; prothorax gradually
ampliated from the apex to the base, with the outer sides straight,
twice the width of the apex at the base and with the basal angles
sharp and projecting backward, very finely punctured and without
any median groove ; scutellum elongate, rounded at the apex;
elytra nearly twice as broad near the base as the prothorax at
its widest part, but with the outer angles sloping, and the shoulders
sub-tuberculate, gradually narrowed behind, very convex, and with
the suture acuminate on each side at the apex, striate, but not
deeply, and with the anterior part distinctly punctured, the
punctures, however, being generally hidden by the green squame ;
antennz and tarsi black and covered with a thick, white pubes-
cence. Length 20, width 8 mm.

Hab. YGambezia (Buluwayo).
Belongs to the group of P. equestris, Boh., and P.

cinereus, Fahr., but neither the prothorax nor the elytra
are quite so much ampliated.

Coleoptera from South Africa. 185

P. prasinus, n. sp.

The description of the preceding species applies to the present
one but the elytra have no greenish-white patch whatever, and the
whole of the upper part is not only densely squamose but also
briefly and densely pubescent and the prothorax is a little less
attenuate in the anterior part. Length 20-21, width 7-7} mm.

flab. Zambezia (Buluwayo).

P. decorus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a very short, greyish pubescence ; pro-
thorax with a moderately broad, lateral whitish band ; elytra with
a lateral whitish band beginning near the shoulder, broadly dilated
before the median part where it reaches the fourth costa, narrowed
from thence and running along the seventh and eighth intervals to
a short distance from the apex, also with a diagonal band of the
same colour extending from the third interval to the suture, a
little beyond the median part of the disk; head and rostrum
longitudinally plicate, the former with a median longitudinal
groove; prothorax not broader than the head at the apex, gradually
ampliated from the apex to the base, the outer angles of which are
distinctly acute, very closely granulate and with a narrow, shallow,
pubescent median longitudinal groove ; elytra almost truncate at
the base, with the shoulders hardly sloping, a little attenuate
behind, but not at all dilated laterally in the median part, punctate-
striate from the base to the middle, with the intervals slightly
raised and rounded ; underside with long pubescence ; the joints
of the tarsi broad, the terminal one not very much broader than
the others. Length 17, width 6 mm.

Hab. YZambezia (Salisbury).

Allied to P. longicornis and P. vestitus, Fahr. It differs
from the former in having comparatively short and more
slender antenne ; the prothorax is narrower ; the lateral
white lunule of the elytra projects more towards the
centre and is produced behind in a narrow band, and the
sutural, post-median patch is in the shape of a diagonal
band, the elytra themselves also being broader.

Gen. Cimpus, Schénh.

C. viridanus, n. sp.
Black, covered with green scales, these being denser along the
outer part of the prothorax and elytra ; rostrum a little narrower
at apex than at base, grooved from the basal part to near the apex,

186M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

neither head nor apex constricted, eyes projecting ; prothorax sub-
cylindrical, but a little broader at the base than at the apex, and
with the basal angles somewhat sharp, a little depressed longi-
tudinally in the middle and with a very narrow groove ; elytra
elongate, convex, attenuate laterally from the median part to the
apex, which is acuminate on each side of the suture, striate, with
the striz distinctly punctured from the base to the middle, intervals
slightly convex ; the green scales are denser in the intervals than in
the strizw, making the dorsal part appear as if it had alternate green
and black lines, but the green scales are very dense along the sides ;
the prothorax has also a broad supra-lateral denuded band on each
side; legs black, with short pubescence. Length 13-14, width
4-4} mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

BRACHYCERIDES.
KUREIUS, n. gen.

Head short, eyes flat, surmounted by a very high compressed
carinate crest ; rostrum moderately long, slightly bi-constricted
laterally, near the base and below the scrobe; antennz short, and
with seven articulations, the scape also short, the 2nd joint
equally thick but still shorter, the 3rd joint a little narrower than
the following three, the last joint as long as the three pre-
ceding, and with the outer part of the tip diagonally truncate ;
prothorax very slender, and narrower behind than in front ;
elytra very gibbose, sub-pedunculate, retuse behind ; legs very
massive, tarsi short, very broad, with the 2nd joint a little broader
than the others, and the 4th not much longer than the 3rd,
equally broad, all closely articulated.

FE. aurivillii, n. sp.

Black, with the median part of the head, the prothorax, a
narrow sutural line, as well as the sides of the elytra, and the legs
ochraceous-brown ; rostrum with a few short bristles, separated
from the head by a slight lateral impression ; head very short, eyes
surmounted by a semicircular compressed, very highly raised
ridge, having a few very short bristles on the margin ; prothorax
narrow, almost straight laterally, a little narrower behind, deeply

Coleoptera from South Africa. ye ailse

pitted and with two conspicuous sharp spines on each side of the
central part of the disk, and also a row of smaller ones on the
lateral part ; elytra very gibbose, sub-pedunculate, retuse behind
and having on each side two rows of regularly set conical tubercles
reaching from base to apex, sides regularly and broadly foveate.
Length (rostrum excluded) 8, width 35 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Albany).

Gen. Bracuycerus, Oliv.
B. indutus, n. sp.

Black, covered with a very dense squamiform, light brown
tomentum ; scape of antenne cylindrical, not narrowed at the
base, and short; rostrum long, bluntly bi-tuberculate at the base,
sinuate laterally and gradually broadening towards the apex, eyes
without any supra-orbital ridge ; head small ; prothorax broader
than long, with the median part of the sides pluri-tuberculate and
projecting, anterior margin broadly sinuate laterally, anterior part
not projecting, disk moderately convex and with a broad median
longitudinal groove interrupted in the middle, posterior margin
straight, deeply and irregularly foveate all over; elytra convex,
truncate at the base, declivous behind, somewhat ovate, having
on each side five series of closely-set sharp tubercles, and four
more along the sides, these lateral tubercles being blunt, the intervals
between the series of dorsal tubercles foveate, covered with
a dense light-brown tomentum, and at the base, there is on each
side of the scutellary region an elongated and conspicuous tubercle
covered with a velvety-black tomentum; legs thick, bristly.
Length (rostrum excluded) 10-15, width 6-9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Vaal River), Mozambique (Rikatla).

B, divergens, n. sp.

Black, more or less densely covered with yellowish squame ;
rostrum long, bi-tuberculate and constricted at the base, gradually
dilated from the stricture to the apex, foveolate, and with short
setze ; scape of antenne incurved, clubbed at the tip, as long as
the four following joints together, terminal joint thickened ;
eyes without orbital ridge; prothorax deeply sinuate laterally
in the anterior part, and with the median part projecting, broadly
and deeply grooved longitudinally from the apex to about the
median part of the disk, closely tuberculated, with the intervals
deeply foveate, and with the median part of the outer sides pro-

/

188 M. Louis Péringuey on new genera and species of

duced in a very sharp triangular pluri-tuberculated spine ; elytra
very convex, sub-globose, moderately retuse behind, with three
rows on each side of well-developed and somewhat sharp tubercles,
and two intermediate ones smaller and blunter in the intervals, the
first one running alongside the suture from the base almost to the
apex, the second stopping short of the posterior declivity,
lateral part with three or four series of blunter tubercles ;
the intervals are sub-foveate and squamose, the squame are
denser on the median part, where they form a distinct, more or less
sinuate, small pale yellow patch on each side of the suture;
legs thick, bristly. Uength 14, width 8 mm.

Hab. Zambezia (Salisbury).

B. effertus, n. sp.

Black, densely covered with ochraceous scales ; rostrum long,
dilated triangularly towards the apex, separated from the head by
a deep groove, and constricted below this groove and at a little
distance from it, deeply foveate in the basal part, hardly so in the
apical; head small, eyes elongate-ovate, depressed ; prothorax
sharply aculeate laterally in the middle, set on the disk with round,
flattened tubercles, grooved in the median part from apex to base,
the anterior part of the groove broad, deep, and limited by two
rounded, tuberculated ridges, one on each side; elytra very convex,
obovate, moderately retuse behind, and having on each side,
besides a juxta-sutural one, four regular series of rounded,
flattened, denuded tubercles, those of the alternate series much
larger than the others, sides with several rows of smaller, regularly
disposed tubercles, and all the intervals densely clothed with
ochraceous scales ; legs moderately thick, not very bristly, supra-
apical end of femora ringed with lighter ochraceous scales,
Length (rostrum excluded) 25, width 19 mm.

Hab. Gambezia (Salisbury).
Allied to B. natalensis, B. brevicostatus, Fahr., ete.

ATTELABIDES.

Gen. ArreLasus, Linn.
A. carneolus, n. sp.

Light testaceous-red with a fleshy tinge, glabrous ; antenne
shorter than the head, black, with the two basal joints red ; head
plicate transversely, grooved longitudinally from the vertex to

Coleoptera from South Africa. 189

the base, and having a short, curved groove above each eye ;
rostrum much shorter than the head, dilated at the apex and
closely punctured ; prothorax elongate, very much attenuated in
the anterior part, truncate and deeply grooved transversely at
both ends, roughly plicate transversely and having a broad, lateral
black band ; scutellum sub-triangular, edged by a rounded, con-
spicuous ridge ; elytra much broader than the prothorax, parallel,
but very convex, although a little depressed in the anterior part,
costate, with the second and fourth coste more raised than the
others and reaching the base, intervals closely foveate ; they are of
the same colour as the head and prothorax, but have a transverse
darker median band extending from side to side, and ascending
the suture a little, and a lateral black band reaching from the
humeral angle to about the middle ; sides of the meso- and meta-
sternum witha lateral flavescent pubescent patch ; abdomen closely
punctured ; legs strong, femora without spine, tibie serrulate
inwardly. Length (rostrum excluded) 7, width 3} mm,

Hab. Natal (Durban).

Gen. ApopERus, Oliv.
A. gentilis, n. sp.

Head, prothorax, pygidium and underside vermilion-red ; an-
tenn and legs flavescent ; labrum edged with black ; head smooth,
slightly grooved in the median part of the apex ; prothorax quite
smooth and with a small lateral black dot ; elytra flavescent, with a
black basal transverse band and a somewhat sinuate supra-apical
one, faintly seriate-punctate, and with two round basal coste
disappearing before they reach the median part. Length 5,
width 23 mm.

Hab, YZambezia (Salisbury).

With the exception of Huretus awrivillii, Sternotomis
mozambica, Tragocephala rikatle, and the seven species
of Paussus, the types of the insects described are con-
tained in the South African Museum.

VIII. Descriptions of New Scolytide from the Indo-
Malayan and Austro-Malayan Regions. By
Watter FF. H. Buanprorp, M.A., F.Z.S.

[Read March 18th, 1896.]

The purport of this paper is to describe some of the
more important unrecognized species of Scolytidee from
the Tropical Old World, which are in my collection,
Thirty-three new species are distinguished, and of these
about half were collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace during
his travels in the Malay Archipelago. It is greatly to be
regretted that his collections of this family, to which he
paid some attention, have been broken up before any
opportunity offered of their being dealt with as a whole.

The Platypodinz were, it is true, described by
Chapuis, and form no small part of the Old World
species enumerated in his memoir, but the collections of
the remaining subfamilies have been scattered, and I have
been able to examine only the small number of speci-
mens which passed into the possession of the late Mr.
Wilson Saunders, and subsequently of myself. No
attempt has been made to give an exhaustive account of
that material. Some examples, especially of doubtful
genera, are in an unfit state for critical examination ;
while species of Cryphalus and Hypothenemus are best
dealt with when reviewing those genera, or any con-
siderable section of them, en masse.

The wide range of the forms described, from Southern
India to New Guinea, is to be justified partly by the
homogeneous character, so far as is known, of the
Scolytid fauna of the Hastern Tropics, partly by the fact
that considerable collections of these insects are rarely
made, and any attempt rigidly to confine descriptive papers
to the fauna of limited regions must necessarily result
in the multiplication of small papers, cuntaining each
descriptions of a very few species, which, though often
necessary, are certainly inconvenient.

Among the more interesting novelties, attention may

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND., 1896.— Part 11. (JUNE).

192 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

be called to Platypus philippinensis, Scolyto-platypus
eutomoides, Tomicus perexiquus, Xyleborus colossus, X.
globus, X. scabripennis, X.arcticollis, and X. spatulatus,
all of which present considerable differences from any of
their known congeners.

Crossotarsus cavifrons, sp. n.

Mas. Elongatus, badius, elytris apice infuscatis ; fronte opaca,
medio impressa ; prothorace oblongo, sparsim punctato, punctis in
lateribus sulci aggregatis ; elytris punctato-striatis, ad apicem
declivibus, pilosis, angulis postero-lateralibus productis, depressione
terminali lunata, subtus juxta suturam utrinque dentata. Long.
3°6 mm.

Mater. Rather elongate, bright brown, the elytra becoming
gradually blackish towards apex. Front opaque, impunctate save
towards the vertex, with a median impression, longitudinally
sulcate from the vertex to the middle, its sides subcallose opposite
the antennal insertion ; vertex irregularly punctate on either side
of the median striga and laterally with one or two deep pits.
Prothorax a third longer than broad, scantily and irregularly
punctate, with a series of deep points along the apical margin,
impunctate over the median area anterior to the long and fine
sulcus, which has one or two lines of aggregated but not pore-like
punctures on either side of its anterior half. Elytra punctate-
striate, the striz impressed as usual at the base, interstices flat
throughout, the first and alternate interstices with an irregular
single series of finer punctures from the base, the others im-
punctate ; apical fourth gradually declivous, convex, coarsely and
irregularly punctate and shortly setose, not striate or granulate ;
postero-lateral angles produced downwards and backwards, acute,
terminal impression lunate, concave, its lower margin with a tooth
on each side external to the apex of the suture.

Hab. Gilolo (Wallace).

Two examples. Although the Platypodinz collected
by Wallace were described by Chapuis, the present form
appears, for some reason, to have been overlooked ; all
my other specimens from the Wilson Saunders collection
have passed through Chapuis’s hands and bear his labels.

It is quite probable that the species here described is
no more than the other sex of C. indomitus, Chap., taken
by Wallace in the neighbouring island of Morty. What

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 193

has become of the type of that insect I do not know, but
without it association of the two forms as sexes is im-
possib'e. If this conjecture be correct, the male offers
no valid reason for the separation of the species from the
Crossotarsi swbdepressi, as conjectured by Chapuis.

Platypus philippinensis, sp. n.

Mas. Nigro-piceus, nitidus; fronte plana, dense areolato-
punctata ; prothorace oblongo ; elytris versus apicem subangus-
tatis et in processus productis, fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis
planis, similibus ; processu utroque ab altero discreto, longo, acuto,
postice producto et inferne curvato, in margine superiore dente
acuto armato. Long. 6°3 mm.

Mae, Pitchy-black, shining, subglabrous. Front flat, rugose
with very close areolate punctures, finer towards the mouth, their
interspaces forming a raised reticulum ; vertex with strong sub-
strigose punctures, the median and lateral smooth spaces evident.
Prothorax a third longer than broad, the sulcus fine, not reaching
the base, the punctuation distinct, sparse, rather closer towards the
middle of the disc but absent along the middle line and the mar-
gins of the sulcus, strong and close in the hind-angles of the
emargination and basal border, but not the apical. Elytra with very
strongly punctured striz, similar at the base, the punctures deep and
subquadrate, isolated before the middle, then more or less confluent,
the apical portions of the striz suleate and curved outwards ; inter-
stices flat, shining, similar throughout, closely punctate at the base,
the alternate interstices alone with aseries of microscopic points
throughout, their apical portions much narrowed and subcostate, the
1st sulcate and split, its outer half curved outwards, the 3rd alone
seriato-punctate ; apices narrowed, produced backwards and some-
what downwards into two long acute processes, separated from each
other by a space nearly as deep as broad and widened from the
fundus to the apex of the processes, their upper border formed by
the conjunction of the outer half of the Ist, and 2nd interstices,
armed about the middle with an acute tooth directed backwards
and inwards, and thence curved downwards, their lower border
continuous with the 8th interstice and sinuate at its junction with
the elytra, their inner face concave, continuous with the declivous
median terminal portion of the elytra, which is internal to the
everted half of the 1st interstice, longitudinally convex and rugose-
Underside and legs concolorous; abdomen depressed, rugosely
punctured.

Hab. Philippine Is.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT Il. (JUNE.) 15

194. Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

One example. This species differs so much from any
described Platypus as to be referable to no existing
division of the genus. Its nearest affinities seem to be
with the Platypi oxyuri, or perhaps the P. truneati, of
which not much is known. ‘The abdomen is depressed
and ascends somewhat from the base to the apex; but
the species does not appear to possess any relationship
with Crossotarsus, its maxillary structure being that of
anormal Platypus. Its position in the genus will be
much clearer when the opposite sex is known.

Platypus biuncus, sp. 0.

Linearis ; fronte bilineato-punctata et striga media impressa ;
prothorace elongato ; elytris lineato-punctatis. Long. 2°8 mm.

Mas. Fusco-testaceus; elytris posterius infuscatis, ante
apicem constrictis, haud declivibus, depressione postica lunata,
angulis productis, emarginatione longiore quam latiore, haud
dentata, ambitu superiore ad suturam transverso.

Frm. Pallide testacea ; prothorace plaga cribriformi angusta,
elongata, circa sulcum munito ; elytris postice infuscatis, depres-
sione apicali lunata, margine suturali quam margine inferiore
breviore. ,

Linear, the front nearly flat, more shining in the male than the
female, with a short impressed median striga situate between two
longitudinal rows of punctures; vertex dull, without a shining
space, with a few deep punctures. Prothorax a half longer than
broad, the lateral emargination well-marked. Elytra about twice
as long as the prothorax, finely lineato-punctate, the interstices
scarcely visibly punctured.

Maur. Testaceous-brown, the elytra infuscate posteriorly.
Prothoracic sulcus rather long, with a group of 3 to 5 large
punctures on each side of its anterior extremity, remainder of
surface with irregularly mixed large and small punctures, absent
round the hind part of the sulcus, apex and base narrowly stri-
gillate. Elytra constricted before the terminal impression, the
inner rows of punctures stronger, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, interstices
impressed at the base and furnished with one or two granules :
apical impression vertical, irregularly ovate, emarginate below to
the middle, the emargination widening above and deeper than
broad, the fundus biconcave, with prominent margins, transverse
above at the suture, the apical processes produced downwards and
baekwards, closely approximate at the tip, their onter margin sub-
angulate.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 195

FEMALE. Pale testaceous, the head and apex of the elytra in-
fuscate. Prothorax with a narrow oblong patch of punctures round
the sulcus, a little stronger in front, remainder of surface finely
reticulate and feebly punctate. Elytral rows of punctures very
feeble, 3rd interstice granulate at the base; apical depression
lunate, rounded and not sulcate above, the postero-lateral angles
acute, the inferior margin concave, much longer than the sutural
margin, the fundus subconcave, rugulose and shortly hairy.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

In spite of the examples having been found in tobacco-
bales in Paris, there can be no question as to the original
locality of this little species, one of the smallest of the
subfamily. The male is distinguished from P. forficula
and allied species by its size, extreme tenuity, and the
deep apical emargination, which is narrowed at its mouth
by the approximation of the postero-lateral angles. The
female resembles that of P. pallidus, Chap., but is much
more attenuated, and can be separated by the frontal
sculpture.

Scolyto-platypus (T'eeniocerus) raja.
Blandf, Tr. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 440.

I have had the opportunity of examining a second
specimen of the male from the Hope Collection. The ex-
ample is brownish-black, and is less pilose than the type,
especially on the head, a distinction which may however
depend on differences in the length of life of the speci-
mens; it has the elytral interstices more distinctly
alternate on the declivity, the second being impressed.
The characteristic hairs round the spines are present.
I have been able to examine the prosternum, which
differs decidedly from that of S. mikado, in the chiti-
nous appendages of the prosternal organ. These instead
of being incurved are widely divaricate, straight, and
either abruptly bent inwards at the tip or furnished on
the inner side with a tooth, like the barb of a fish-
hook.

If, as is probable, this curious genus is rich in species,
it is evident that the structure of this male organ of
unknown function is likely to furnish differential charac-
ters of great value, and its careful examination is there-
fore indispensable.

196 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

Scolyto-platypus (Teeniocerus) eutomoides, Sp. n.

Mas. Breviter oblongus, opacus, fusco-ferrugineus, pedibus
testaceis, pube quam brevissima flava pruinosus ; fronte ad oculos
excavata ; prothorace quadrato, angulis posticis acutis, supra rudi,
vermiculato-rugoso ; ita elytris ad basin, sed ab antica tertia parte
convexe subglobose declivibus, late subsulcatis, sulcis lineis cari-
natis postice obliteratis separatis. Long. 3 mm.

Mate. Short, oblong, quite dull, fusco-ferruginous, covered
with extremely short yellow pubescence, imperceptible unless seen
sideways. Front impressed and concave to the eyes, with an
incised line from the vertex to the middle, the pubescence a little
longer round the upper margin but not strong; antennz with the
characters of Twniocerus, brown-testaceous, the club infuscate, not
very elongate, pubescent, with a few long hairs towards the tip.
Prothorax quadrate, broader than long, the lateral emargination of
the sides scarcely present, the hind-angles acute, prominent and
directed outwards, apical border very obtusely rounded, with no
median emargination; surface dull and finely scabrous with an
irregular corroded sculpture. Scutellum absent. Elytra a very
little wider than the prothorax at its base and scarcely longer,
subtruncate at the base, with very finely elevated margins, the
shoulders rectangular, but somewhat rounded, the sides exactly
parallel, the apex rather obtusely rounded ; surface cylindrical for
rather less than the basal third and sculptured like the prothorax,
then declivous and convex, the declivity subspherically rounded,
its upper half with six very shallow wide rough sulci, separated by
fine carinate lines, obsolete behind, the lower half uniformly
roughened. Underside concolorous, shortly pubescent, the abdo-
men dull and rugulose, with the first two segments completely
connate ; anterior flexed surface of the prothorax wide, proster-
num with a raised carina crossing the flexed surface and becoming
more elevated at the tip, below which the anterior margin is pro-
duced forwards, at its extremity are two short obliquely placed
lobes, subquadrate, with the outer apical angle rounded and the
inner acute, Anterior coxe with a pencil of very long thick
yellow hairs; anterior tibie coarsely scabrous externally, middle
and posterior tibiz slender ; tarsi slender, elongate, somewhat less
so than in S. mikado.

Hab. Celebes.

The colour, which is perhaps that of a somewhat
immature example, and sculpture give the insect a

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 197

certain resemblance to the species of Hutomus or Rhipid-
andrus ; the main structural characters agree well with
those of S. mikado, Blandf. I have received two
specimens from Mr. O. E. Janson.

Hylesinus wallacer, sp. n.

Mas. Oblongo-ovalis, nigro-piceus, opacus ; fronte impressa ;
prothorace grosse foveolato-punctato, apice et angulis anticis tuber-
culatis ; elytris crenato-striatis, interstitiis uniseriatim, ad basin
modo subirregulariter tuberculatis, et quam minutissime setosis,
Long. 4°2 mm.

Mate. Oblong-cval. Head black, opaque, front and rostrum
widely impressed, subnitid, punctured and with a few minute
appressed hairs; mouth reddish ; antenne brown-testaceous, the
club elongate. Prothorax moderately transverse, widest about the
base, the hind-angles rounded, the sides gently and regularly
incurved to the apex ; surface regularly and not strongly convex,
piceous-black, opaque, subglabrous, with large deep foveolate
punctures, close and in parts confluent; median impunctate line
finely elevated behind, anterior margin with a row of tubercles,
larger on the apical angles, the sides submuricate. Scutellum
convex, transverse. Elytra twice as long as the prothorax, wider
at the base, their basal margins crenate and elevated but not
strongly rounded, the sides curved throughout, obliquely behind
the middle ; the apex not conjointly rounded ; surface piceous,
with strong crenately punctured striz ; interstices convex, unise-
riately tuberculate, the tubercles stronger, closer and transverse at
the base, smaller and rounder on the declivity, apex of the 2nd
interstice a little depressed ; elytral pubescence subsquamous, very
short and difficult to observe.

Hab. Mysol (Wallace).

Hylesinus despectus, Walk.

I must refer to this Ceylonese species, with which I
have previously identified H. scobipennis, Chap., four
examples taken by Wallace, in Sarawak, Celebes,
Batchian, and Dorey in New Guinea, respectively.
The specimens show some differences, both in the depth
of the thoracic punctuation and the shape of the pro-
thorax, which, in all, except the Batchian example, is
somewhat trapezoidal, with a rather distinct muricate

198 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

tubercle at the anterior angles. In the absence of long
series, it can only be said that there are no ‘present
reasons for doubting the substantial identity of all these
forms ; the differences in the shape of the prothorax
appear to be sexual, the trapezoidal shape existing in the
female, although the New Guinea example, apparently a
male, as its front is impressed, offers some difficulty
towards the acceptance of this supposition.

Phleosinus cribratus, sp. 0.

Fem. (?) Oblongo-obovata, picea, antennis pedibusque rufescen-
tibus ; prothorace semielliptico, subglabro, subnitido, fortiter
punctato, linea media subelevata levi; elytris crenato-striatis,
interstitiis transverse rugosis, in declivitate, 2° , 4°exceptis, seriato-
tuberculatis et brevissime setosis. Long. 2 mm.

Fremar. (2). Oblong-obovate. Head pitchy-black, the front
shining, rather strongly but not rugosely punctured, above convex,
with a median tubercle, impressed below and smoother, scantily
and shortly hairy, the mouth with a very short yellowish fringe ;
eyes bipartite, the emargination just reaching the posterior border
of the eye; antenne yellow-testaceous, normal, the club finely
and closely pubescent. Prothorax as long as broad, narrowed from
the base, the sides and apex rounded in a conjoint ellipse, the basal
border bisinuate, forming an obtuse angle in the middle ; surface
reddish piceous, shining, subglabrous, strongly but not rugosely
punctate, the median line smooth, subelevated. Elytra a little
wider than the prothorax, and three-fourths longer, their basal
margins oblique, narrowly elevated and crenate, the sides sinuate
and subampliated behind, the apex broadly rounded; surface
piceous, reddish posteriorly, crenate-striate, the striée deep but not
wide, subequal throughout, interstices subconvex, more strongly on
the declivity, closely and transversely rugulose, with very short uni-
seriate squamiform bristles (probably from base to apex in fresh
examples), and behind the middle with small uniseriate tubercles,
absent towards the apex of the 2nd and 4th interstices, the bristles
irregularly biseriate on the apex of the other interstices. Under-
side and legs rufescent ; 3rd tarsal joint simple.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

The nearest ally of this species appears to be P. detersus,
Chap., from Ceylon, which is very much larger, with
the prothorax more finely and remotely punctate, the

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 199

interstices less closely rugose, and much more shining.
The complete division of the eyes in P. cribratus is
remarkable, but is not of sufficient importance to indicate
generic separation.

Phlewosinus vilis, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovalis, subdepressus, piceus, elytris rufescentibus, pro-
thorace longitudine paullo breviore, antice constricto, apice sat late
rotundato, dorso punctato, linea media et plaga in utroque latere
levibus ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis rugis transversis et
setis brevibus uniseriatim ornatis, in declivitate tuberculatis.
Long. 1°5-1°6 mm.

Mas. Fronte impressa.

Oblong oval, somewhat depressed. Head black, rugulose,
subnitid, very shortly pubescent ; front (¢) with a not sharply-
defined circular impression ; front (Q ) subconvex ; eyes narrow,
deeply emarginate: antennz brown-testaceous, the club oval,
‘not elongate. Prothorax rather broader than long, widest at
the base and constricted towards the apex, the sides slightly
rounded behind and sinuate in front the apex rather broadly
and obtusely rounded, the. base bisinuate, but scarcely pro-
duced backwards in the middle; surface piceous, lighter at
apex, moderately shining, subglabrous, strongly punctured, the
median line smooth, subelevated throughout, on either side be-
hind the middle is a subelevated impunctate oblong space externa!
to a shallow impression. Scutellum small, rounded, black.
Elytra as wide as the prothorax, and fully one-half longer,
their basal margins rounded internally, nearly transverse exter-
nally, narrowly raised and crenate, the sides parallel, the apex
broadly rounded ; surface piceous-red, finely punctate-striate, the
interstices narrow, subconvex, with uniseriate very short bristles
and transverse raised ruge, weaker at the base, tuberculiform on
the declivity (a little more strongly in the male), and absent at the
apex of the second interstice, which is smoother and flatter in the
male. Underside piceous, moderately strongly punctured ; legs
brown, the 3rd tarsal joint simple.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

I have received, from the same source, four or five
specimens of this insect, one of the smallest species of
the genus and of the Hylesinides. It is unusual in the
genus to meet with so little sexual difference in the
structure of the elytral apex.

200 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

CRYPTARTHRUM, g. n.

Cryphalo affine, discedens prothoracis basi et angulis posticis
marginatis, dorso haud evidenter asperato: tarsorum articulo
1° minuto, 2° majore, compresso, 3° parvo.

Head concealed, notrostrate. Eyes oval,emarginate. Antenne
with very short 4-jointed funiculus, the three distal joints trans-
verse, widened apically, club ovate, compressed, the sutures curved
on the inner, straight on the outer face, and ciliate. Prothorax
short, much narrowed in front and obtusely subacuminate at apex,
the hind-angles and base finely margined, surface without evident
asperities. Elytra not overlapping the prothorax at base. Anterior
cox contiguous, the prosternal process short. Anterior tibiz
widened from base to apex, and obliquely truncate, the upper mar-
gin sinuate, obsoletely toothed ; middle and posterior tibiz with
the upper margin rounded, serrate. Tarsi short, the 1st joint very
small, the 2nd rather large, compressed and trigonate, the 3rd small,
the apical joint not so long as the preceding.

The single species more nearly resembles a Cryphalus
than the species of any other genus. The available
examples were too few to permit of dissection, and the
examination of the tarsal joints proved unexpectedly
difficult, as the underside and legs were matted together
with some adhesive substance. probably derived from the
food-plant.

Cryptarthrum walkeri, sp. n.

Breviter oblongo-ovale, opacum, pallide fusco-testaceum, pilis
brevibus flavo-cinereis vestitum, antennis et pedibus testaceo-ferru-
gineis; prothorace alutaceo-ruguloso, anterius obsolete granulate ;
elytris dense multipunctatis et seriatim setosis. Long. 1°4-1°6 mm.

Short oblong-oval, pale fusco-testaceous, dull, with short
moderately close cinereous-yellow pubescence mingled with
longer sete. Front darker, impressed, rugulose, thinly hairy ;
antenne pale ferruginous. Prothorax a half broader than long,
subbisinuate and finely margined at the base, the margin continued
along the subacute hind-angles to the middle of the sides, the latter
rounded throughout, strongly incurved and constricted anteriorly,
so that the apex appears obtusely angulate in the middle ; surface
uniformly and not strongly convex from base to apex, alutaceous,

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 201

with close rugulose punctuation, and towards the apex with minute
scattered granules, the anterior margin crenate, pubescence decum-
bent except for the scattered sete, and partly concealing the sculp-
ture. Scutellum scarcely distinguishable. Elytra closely applied at
base to the prothorax, as wide and about a third longer, the sides
gently rounded towards the base, more strongly behind, apex
rounded ; surface slightly rounded to the middle, thence more con-
vex and declivous, with very close fine subrugulose punctures,
bearing short decumbent and sometimes squamiform hairs, the
punctures of the striz not separable from those of the interstices,
and with regular uniseriate erect sete. Underside more deeply
infuscate, pubescent. Legs ferruginous.

Hab. Damma I, (J. J. Walker).

Two examples. The British Museum Collection pre-
sumably contains others, as it received the first series of
Mr. Walker’s captures. Mr. Walker informs me that
the insect was found probably in a species of Urostigma
(a genus allied to Ficus); this would account for the
glutinous material which entangled the undersides of the
specimens.

Tomicus perexiguus, sp. 1.

Elongatus, cylindricus, testaceus, rarissime pilosus ; antennarum
clava transverse suborbiculata, suturis subrectis ; prothorace
oblongo, lateribus parallelis, apice rotundato, disco post medium sat
distincte punctato; elytris lineato-punctatis, punctis ad basin
obsoletis, ad apicem profundis dilatatis, interstitiis subimpunctatis,
apice subverticaliter retuso vel excavato, fundo subcirculari,
punctato, infra marginato, supra utrinque bidentato.

Mas. Apice elytrorum excavato, infra elevato-marginato,
superne valide dentato. Long. 19 mm.

Fem. Apice modo retuso-impresso, margine inferiore parum
elevato, dentibus ad tuberculos minutos reductis. Long,
16 mm.

Elongate, narrow, cylindrical, testaceous, moderately shining,
scantily and finely pilose. Front slightly convex, closely and
rugosely punctate over the mouth, subnitid towards vertex
(at least in 2), glabrous, mouth fringed with a few short hairs ;
eyes large, broad oval, little emarginate, coarsely granulate ;

202 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

antenne testaceous yellow, the club suborbicular, broader than
long, with transverse sutures, the basal joint ample, occupying
more than half the surface, corneous on both faces. Prothorax
oblong, parallel-sided behind the middle, slightly narrowed in front,
broadly and strongly rounded at the apex, hind-angles rounded, the
base subbisinuate ; surface feebly elevated before the middle, in
front obliquely and not strongly declivous, asperate with fine
imbricate ruge, stronger in the male, and with a few fine erect
hairs towards the apex, behind cylindrical, slightly impressed on
either side about the middle, moderately shining, with fine but
evident punctuation, absent over the middle line and a spot on
either side, interspaces (¢) smooth, (?) finely reticulate. Scu-
tellum triangular, shining, infuscate. Elytra about as wide as the
prothorax and rather more than a third longer, truncate at base,
with subrectangular shoulders and parallel sides ; surface cylin-
drical, lineato-punctate, the punctures very minute at the base,
eradually becoming large and deep towards the declivity, inter-
stices flat, shining, remotely and microscopically punctate in single
rows, thinly hairy towards the apex, the 2nd and 4th subelevated
behind and furnished each on the margin of the declivity with a
strong acute tooth (@), a small pointed tubercle (Q ); apex (@) not
narrowed, subcircularly excavate, the excavation limited to the
posterior fourth, its fundus concave, shining, very strongly punc-
tured, with a raised crenate lateral and inferior margin ; apex (@ )
narrowed, retuse, with a deeply punctured impression on each side
of the suture, wider below, the sides above callose and bearing
the two tubercles, inferior margin well-defined but little raised.
Underside concolorous, very scantily pubescent ; prosternum with
a distinct antecoxal process; tibiz very slender and weakly-
spiaed.

Hab. Damma I. (J. J. Walker).

Two specimens. Widely separated as this species is
by its minute size from the other members of the genus,
it appears in every respect to be a true T'omicus, and the
male is not unlike an extremely small and elongate
‘T’. erosus, Woll. Though the genus Pityogenes, Bedel,
differs from Tomicus in characters dependent merely on
degradation and small size, this species cannot well be
referred to it. It has a most distinct prosternal process,
and its elytral structure is that of the Onthotomicus

group.

——ee

i)
©
foot)

Descriptions of New Scolytide.

Dryocetes taprobanus, sp. n.

Oblongus, niger, nigro-piceus vel ferrugineus, subnitidus, longius
pilosus; prothorace subovato, per totum, postice rarius, granulato ;
elytris subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim setosis,
apice fortiter declivi, subdeplanato. Long. 3-3-8 mm.

Oblong, varying in colour from deep ferruginous to black, usually
black with the elytra piceous, with rather long fine erect fulvous
pubescence. Front subconvex, impressed over the mouth, dull,
closely aciculate below, punctate above, towards the vertex with a
median shining elevation, pubescence moderately thick; eyes
oblong, with a rather shallow emargination ; antennze ferruginous,
the club as in D. autographus. Prothorax a little longer than
broad, forming an incomplete oval, widest about the hinder third,
the sides behind little rounded, and very slightly constricted in
front, base truncate, hind-angles obtuse but not rounded, some-
what distinctly margined above the pleural impréssion; surface
regularly convex from base to apex, pilose with erect hairs and
asperate with elevated granules, weaker behind and replaced along
the hind-margin by punctures, median line smooth, subelevated,
éxtending to the middle. Scutellum rounded trigonate, smooth,
shining. Elytra wider than the prothorax at its base and about a
half longer, exactly truncate at the base, with subrectangular
shoulders, the sides subparallel to the hinder third, thence
obliquely incurved; surface subcylindrical to about the middle,
or somewhat pulvinate, thence obliquely declivous, and convex
above, finely lineato-punctate, the punctures shallow, weaker at
the sides, the two first striz subimpressed, the sutural the more
distinctly, interstices nearly flat, the inner pair very feebly convex,
subnitid, with regular single series of erect hairs arising from
minute elevated points ; declivity flattened from side to side and
weakly impressed on each side of the suture, obsoletely lneato-
punctate, the interstitial hairs a little longer. Underside piceous,
thinly pilose ; legs ferruginous, the tibia stout, dilated towards the
apex, and rather strongly serrate.

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites: in Mus. Oxon.).

The Hope Collection possesses a good series of the
species, which in size nearly equals X. autographus.
No well-marked sexual differences appear to be
present.

204 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

The three following spezies of Dryoccetes show certain
divergences from the common type of the genus in the
shape of the prothorax, which is less elongate than usual,
being in two of the species nearly semielliptical, and
tends to become gibbous near the base. This form of
prothorax, which approaches that of Xyleborus, 1s not
associated with other marked differences; the mentum
is rather more oblong than usual, and the first joint of
the labial palpi is very large and tumid, as in Xyleborus,
the second and third being quite minute; the maxillary
armature, as is customary in Dryocetes, is spinous and
not setose. This latter point appears decisive as to

lacing the species in the present genus rather than in

iG ai, with which they appear to form an osculant
group. It would be premature to establish a fresh
genus for them without undertaking a_ revisional
examination of the mental structure in other species
of Dryocetes.

Dryocceetes rugatus, sp. n.

Oblongus, niger, parum nitidus, fusco-pilosus, antennis ped-
ibusque ferrugineis ; prothorace vix zque longo quam lato, later-
ibus et apice conjunctim semielliptice rotundatis, dorso subsequaliter
rugoso-asperato ; elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis rugosis, et
punctis piliferis confertis uni-vel biseriatim munitis, apice fortiter
oblique declivi, retuso, rugoso-punctato. Long. 5 mm.

Oblong, black, little shining, with fine fuscous-yellow pubescence,
the legs and antenne deep ferruginous. Head shortly subrostrate,
the front slightly convex, subnitid, closely and rugosely punctured,
feebly impressed between the eyes, finely carinate over the mouth,
pubescence not dense, rather long, the mouth fringed ; eyes narrow
oblong, flat, anteriorly sinuate; antennal club normal. Prothorax
scarcely as long as broad, widest before the base, the sides and
apex conjointly rounded and a little exceeding a half-ellipse, the
hind-angles obtuse, the base subtruncate ; surface convex from side
to side, declivous but not strongly convex from the basal limb to
the apex, pilose with uniformly scattered hairs, short over the
disc, longer at the sides and apex, and covered with close small im-
bricate asperities, rather weaker behind, the median line smoother
and subelevated from the base to the middle, but very indistinct.
Scutellum rounded triangular, shining. Elytra truncate at the
base, a little wider than the prothorax and not quite double as long,

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 205

the shoulders rounded rectangular, the sides subparallel, narrowed
and incurved behind, the apical margins oblique ; surface cylindri-
cal to the hinder third, thence strongly declivous and subretuse,
punctured in scarcely impressed rows, the sutural row not deeper,
the punctures rather large but not conspicuous, owing to the trans-
verse ruge extending between them on to the interstices, the
latter scarcely convex, with close piliferous punctures or punctiform
elevations, in single series, except on the 3rd and 5th interstices,
where they are irregularly biseriate, the hairs fine and short, longer
at the side-margins ; declivity somewhat flattened, impressed along
the 2nd interstice, dull, rugosely punctured, not more strongly
hairy, or tuberculate. Underside black ; tibiz strongly serrate.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

The rugosity of the elytra is a characteristic feature,
and one which renders the details of the sculpture hard
to examine. The head is slightly but still perceptibly
prolonged in front, although the entire absence of any
rostrum is supposed to be one of the distinguishing
features of this and allied genera.

Dryocetus sumatranus, sp. n.

Oblongus, badius, subnitidus, erecte fulvo-setosus ; prothorace
longitudine subbreviore, fere semielliptico, anterius tamen sub-
constricto, dorso ante basin transverse gibbo, per totum aspero,
granulis in parte postica subtilioribus ; elytris punctis magnis
striatis, interstitiis transverse rugulosis alternatim uni- vel irregu-
lariter biseriatim setosis, declivitate obliqua, subretusa, interstitiis
convexioribus, 2° impresso. Long. 5-7 mm.

Oblong, not very shining, testaceous-brown, pilose with rather
strong erect fulvous hairs. Head large, the front oblong, subconvex,
closely and rather strongly punctured, subrugose, with scanty long
pubescence ; eyes oblong-oval, sinuate in front ; antennz yellow-
testaceous, normal, outer face of the club spongy apically, with
nearly straight sutures. Prothorax rather broader than long, widest
just before the base, the sides and apex conjointly rounded, save
for a slight constriction about the anterior third, hind-angles sub-
. rectangular, the base truncate; surface gibbous and elevated into an
obtuse transverse nodus at the hinder fourth, anteriorly convex,
posteriorly declivous from the nodus to the base, thinly pilose,
asperate with close imbricate rugz, finer posteriorly, and granular,
especially towards the middle of the base. Scutellum triangular

206 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

moderately shining. Elytra truncate at the base, rather wider than
the prothorax and twice as long, with rectangular shoulders, the
sides parallel, and not narrowed behind, broadly rounded at the
apex; surface cylindrical to beyond the hinder third, and impressed
along the suture, thence subabruptly declivous, with substriate rows
of large round punctures, separated by transverse elevated rugze
continued across the interstices, the latter slightly convex, moder-
ately shining, with erect hairs, uniseriate on the 2nd and succeeding
alternate interstices, irregularly biseriate on the others ; declivity
oblique, subretuse and flattened, the striz less strongly punctured,
appearing deeper on account of the greater convexity of the
interstices, the sutural interstice being more and the second less
elevated, the hairs arising from elevated points. Underside and
legs testaceous ; the tibiz strongly dentate, the anterior pair
subtruncate at apex, the other pairs rounded.

Hab. Sumatra, Singalang Mts. (Beccari).

My single specimen has an impression along the suture
from near the base to the summit of the declivity, which
is rather more rugose ;-but this is perhaps an individual
feature. ‘The sutural stria is not deeper than the rest,

Dryocetes gravidus, sp. n.

Oblongo-obovatus, subnitidus, fusco-brunneus, breviter pilosus ;
prothorace fere semielliptico, dorso post medium gibbo, toto
granulato, linea media basali levi; elytris sat subtiliter lineato-
punctis, interstitiis planis equaliter irregulariter punctatis, apice
fortiter declivi, juxta suturam subimpresso, interstitio 3° subcon-
vexo. Long. 4°38 mm.

Oblong, widened from the front of the thorax to the hinder
third of the elytra, fuscous-brown, the antennz and legs brown-
testacecus, with short fine fuscous pubescence. Front oblong,
scarcely convex, shining, obsoletely punctate, thinly pilose with
long hairs, above mouth with a fine sharp carina; eyes broad,
oblong-oval, anteriorly emarginate. Prothorax broader than long,
the sides rounded and rather sharply narrowed from before the
base to the apex, the latter more broadly rounded, hind-angles
obtuse, base truncate ; surface gibbous just before the base, the
elevation not markedly transverse, and, together with the apex, of
darker colour, thinly pilose, the marginal hairs longer, and granulate,
the granules weaker along the basal limb, which has an ill-defined
median smooth line extending to the summit of the elevation.

————EEEEEeEeEeEeEeEeEe

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 207

Scutellum rounded triangular, shining. Elytra wider than the
prothorax, and nearly twice as long, truncate at base, the humeral
angles rounded, the sides straight and divergent to the hinder
third, then broadly incurved to the apex, the margins of the latter
somewhat oblique and not conjointly rounded ; surface subnitid>
cylindrico-convex to behind the middle, thence declivous, darker
posteriorly, lineato-punctate, the punctures moderately fine and
not easily distinguishable from those of the almost flat interstices,
which are punctured irregularly in alternate single and double
rows ; apex less flattened than in the preceding species, strongly
declivous, slightly impressed on each side of the suture, obsoletely
punctured, the interstices feebly convex, with minute piliferous
points. Underside concolorous, tibiz strongly serrate.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

_ Both my specimens have lost the antennal clubs ; those
of one example disappeared in process of cleaning, but
not before I had been able to observe that they were
of Dryocetes-like character. ‘The shape of the prothorax
is similar to that of D. sumatranus, but the species is
rather more depressed, widened behind, with the hairs
much finer and the punctures on the elytra fine and
ill-marked, so that the surface appears at first sight to
be tolerably closely and confusedly punctate.

Ayleborus colossus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, nigro-picea, prothoracis antica parte
et elytrorum basi dilutioribus ; prothorace transverso, lateribus et
apice conjunctim rotundatis, angulis posticis postice productis,
apice medio prominulo, dorso post medium transverso elevato,
postice subopaco, subtiliter granulato ; elytris indistincte lineato-
punctatis, interstitiis multipunctatis, apice oblique excavato-retuso,
retusione per totum elevato-marginata, superne prorsus producta,
longitudinaliter convexa, striato-punctata, interstitio 2° seriato-
tuberculato. Long. 8°5 mm., lat. 4:5 mm.

Frmate. Oblong, cylindrical. Head piceous, front subconvex,
irregularly and subobsoletely punctate, scantily pubescent, epistoma
with a median patch of thick cilia ; eyes large, oblong, emarginate,
coarsely granulate ; antenne ferruginous, the club large, of normal
structure. Prothorax transverse, widest just before the base, the
sides and apex conjointly rounded, the former but slightly behind
the middle, margin of the latter prominent, everted and crenate in
the middle, hind-angles produced backwards, the base bisinuate ;

208 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

surface piceous-black behind, piceous-red in front, with long ful-
vous pubescence round the margins, transversely elevated behind the
middle, the anterior half convex, asperate with elevated transverse
rug, smaller and closer posteriorly, their interspaces with minute
granules, posterior part declivous from the elevation to the base,
subopaque, with fine granules, not close, and obsolete on the hind-
margin, the median line fine, shining, raised and extending to the
elevation. Scutellum small, subtriangular, piceous-black. Elytra
scarcely as wide at base as the prothorax, and one-half longer, their
basal margins slightly curved, the shoulders rounded, the sides
straight and subdivergent, the apical margin subtruncate when
seen from above; surface cylindrical, obliquely retuse at apex,
piceous, lighter towards the base, tolerably shining, remotely
lineato-punctate, the interstices quite flat, finely multipunctate, their
punctures bearing fine fulvous hairs, and subrugose towards the
apex, all the punctuation feeble at the base, and becoming stronger
posteriorly ; apical retuse surface beginning at the basal third, its
margins meeting at an acute angle above, and circularly rounded
below, prominent but not acute, their upper third subtuberculate ;

fundus depressed below the margins, convex from before back-

wards, subnitid, pubescent with decumbent yellowish hairs, striato-
punctate with shallow large punctures, 2nd interstice elevated and
callose, 5-tuberculate, the three superior tubercles strong, conical.
Underside piceous ; legs deep ferruginous, the» tibiz very broad,
strongly rounded and finely serrate on the upper margin ; tarsal
claws toothed at the base.

Hab. New Guinea, Humboldt Bay (Doherty).

This species, of which I have seen no second example,
is by far the largest of the genus, and in bulk of all the
Tomicidee yet known, though it is exceeded slightly in
length by one or two species of Amphicranus, and
perhaps by exceptionaily large individuals of some
species of T’omicus.

Xyleborus globus, sp. n.

Fem. Curta, subovalis, convexa, subnitida, nigra, longe fusco-
pilosa, pedibus testaceis ; prothorace transverso, lateribus postice
subrectis, antice cum apice conjunctim rotundatis, margine
apicali medio bituberculato, dorso postice subasperate punctulato
et in margine medio dense hirto ; elytris semiovalibus a basi ipsa
convexe declivibus, confuse punctatis, post medium perindistincte
striatis. Long 5mm.

ae

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 209

FemMa.Le. Short, convex, black, slightly shining, with long fus-
cous pubescence. Front subconvex, with not very close piliferous
granules, and a median smooth space, epistoma thickly fringed
with yellow cilia; eyes sma'l, emarginate ; antenne ferruginous,
with infuscate club. Prothorax transverse, subbisinuate at base,
the hind-angles subobiuse, the sides feebly rounded to before the
middle, thence broadly rounded with the apex, of which the
margin is prominent and bituberculate in the middle ; surface very
convex, with a small median transverse elevation, in front decli-
vous, asperate, with small granules in the interspaces, behind
cylindric, subnitid, with fine and mostly subasperate punctures,
the median line indistinct, pubescence long, dense round the
margins, the middle of the basal border with a thick fringe of
erect hairs, Scutellum absent. Elytra about as wide as the pro-
thorax and scarcely longer, truncate at base, the humeral angles
obtuse, the sides elliptically rounded to the apex ; surface declivous
and very convex from the base, behind the shoulders with an
indistinct callus indicating the junction of the declivity with the
horizontal portion, which persists at the sides only, irregularly and
finely punctate, the punctures subasperate and bearing long hairs,
the sutural stria and part of the lateral strive just traceable, par-
ticularly towards the apex, which has a raised inferior margin.
Legs testaceous, tibix broad and finely serrate.

Hab. New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace).

In this species the encroachment of the declivous retuse
surface so often found in Xyleborus on to the horizontal
portion of the elytra is carried to its very furthest limits,
the latter being practically nonexistent. Described from
one example; there is another in the British Museum
Collection.

Xyleborus papuanus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, nigro-picea, entennis pedibusque fer-
rugineis, subnitida, brevissime sparsim pilosa ; prothorace subglob-
oso, disco medio transverse elevato, postice sat conferte punctato ;
elytris dense irregulariter punctatis, apice retuse declivi, impresso,
immarginato, subtiliter lineato-punctato. Long. 3 mm.

Fremate. Oblong, cylindrical, rather dull, pitchy-black, with
scanty and extremely short greyish pubescence, antenne and legs
ferruginous. Front subconvex, strongly punctate, with an indis-
tinct subelevated median line; eyes moderately large, deeply
emarginate. Prothorax broader than long, nearly globose, the

TRANS. ENT. soc. LOND. 1896.—Pparrir.’ (JuNE.) 14

210 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

sides very slightly rounded behind, strongly rounded in front cou-
jointly with the apex, hind-angles rectangular, scarcely rounded,
base truncate ; surface with a median transverse elevation, convex
and declivous anteriorly with rather fine granular asperation,
posteriorly cylindric, rather strongly punctured, the punctures
deeper and subasperate at the sides, finer towards the middle, the
median line obsolete, the interspaces not very shining. Scutellum
rounded, black, subopaque. Elytra scarcely as wide as the pro-
thorax and one-half longer, truncate at base, the shoulders rounded
subrectangular, the sides subparallel, very slightly convergent
behind and strongly incurved at apex, the hind margin obtusely
rounded ; surface cylindric, subnitid, closely and strongly punc-
tured, the punctures of the striz and interstices indistinguishable
before the middle, apical third strongly but gradually declivous
and subretuse, not margined, subcircularly and weakly impressed,
subopaque, finely lineato-punctate, the interstices with rows of
very fine short hairs springing from minute subasperate points,
and distinguishable before the summit of the declivity. Under-
side piceous, very shortly pubescent.

Hab. New Guinea (Wallace).

One example; easily distinguished by its confusedly
punctate elytra,‘subretuse at the apex, and unarmed.

Xyleborus semirudis, sp. n.

Frm. Oblonga, subcylindrica, ferruginea, parce tenuiter
pilosa; prothorace transverso, apice rotundato, disco medio
transverse elevato, posterius sat nitido, sublevi ; elytris punctato-
striatis ante medium nitidis, post medium opacis, convexe decliv-
ibus, interstitiis uniseriato-granulatis, declivitate infra marginata.
Long. 5 mm.

Femate. Oblong, subcylindrical, bright ferruginous, finely and
very scantily pubescent. Frontal surface slightly flattened, some-
what irregular, scantily punctured at the sides, smooth and
elevated in the middle; eyes small, deeply emarginate. Prothorax
broader than long, the sides scarcely rounded behind the middle,
gradually more strongly rounded and incurved in front, the apex
broadly rounded, hind-angles rectangular, the base transverse ;
surface with a transverse median elevation, in front convex, and
asperate with imbricate rugee, which become weak and very close on
the elevation, behind cylindric and subdeclivous to the base

moderately shining, with minute close reticulation and scattered’

re

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 201

punctures. Scutellum obtuse triangular, shining. Elytra as wide
as the prothorax and less than a half longer, truncate at base, the
shoulders nearly rectangular, the sides subparallel to near the apex,
then strongly incurved ; surface pulvinate and convex from the
base, obliquely declivous and somewhat less convex behind the
middle, the basal half not deeply punctate-striate, the punctures
shallow and rather large, the sutural stria not impressed, interstices
flat, shining, sabimpunctate, the sutural interstice with a few small
granules ; apical half opaque, less distinctly striate, the interstices
with a single series of rather remote small elevated points ; declivity
acutely carinate below, the carina not crenate, Underside and
legs testaceous.

Hab. Borneo (Wallace).

Allied. to X. semiopacus, Hichh., but differentiated
from it and the following species by the distinct striz
and subimpunctate interstices of the basal half of the
elytra. ‘lhe prothorax is rather obtuse at the apex, and
thus approximates somewhat in shape to that of X. validus,
Hichh. One example.

Xyleborus semigranosus, sp. u.

Fem. Oblonga, subnitida, rufo-ferruginea, prothorace sque
longo quam lato, lateribus leniter, apice fortius rotundato, disco
obtuse transverse gibbo, post medium subtiliter punctato; elytris
prothorace vix tertia parte longioribus, ante medium subtiliter
quasi confuse punctatis, post medium convexe declivibus, opacis,
granulatis et erecte seriato-pilosis. Long. 2-4 mm.

FemaLe. Oblong, slightly shining, ferruginous-red, rather
darker posteriorly. Front subconvex, subnitid, rather strongly
punctured, thinly hairy, the mouth fringed with pale hairs; eyes
oval, emarginate, tolerably large ; antennz pale testaceous. Pro-
thorax as long as broad, strongly rounded at the apex, the sides
very slightly curved and subparallel from the middle to the base,
hind-angles obtuse but not rounded, the base truncate ; surface
with a very slight median transverse elevation, scantily but
uniformly pubescent with fine hairs, in front convexly declivous,
with granular asperities, somewhat irregular and scattered towards
the apical margin, behind the middle cylindrico-convex, subnitid,
finely but evidently punctured, the punctures stronger over the
middle portiou, median smooth line absent. Scutellum triangular,

PD) _) Mer Walter 2: H. Blandford’s

infuscate, shining. Elytra as wide as the prothorax and about a
third longer, with truncate base, and rounded rectangular shoulders,
the sides parallel, abruptly inflexed at apex, the apical margins
sharply bordered below and forming an obtuse angle with each
other when seen from above ; surface pulvinate-convex from base
to apex, before the middle subnitid, very finely and apparently
confusedly punctate, the seriate and interstitial punctures being
similar ; declivity beginning before the middle, somewhat depressed,
opaque, without evident striation, very closely and finely granulate,
and set with single series of rather long upstanding hairs. Under-
side rather darker ; legs brown-testaccous, the tibiz rounded above
and finely serrate.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

A near ally of X. semiopacus, Kichh., which it closely
resembles in colour and sculpture. It is a rather smaller
insect, and is best distinguished by the much shorter
elytra, which are barely one-third longer than the pro-
thorax, and present, when viewed from the side, a
uniform dorsal curvature from base to tip; im X. semi-
opacus the elytra are rather more than a half longer than
the prothorax, and are nearly cylindrical to behind the
middle, and not uniformly curved from base to apex. In
X. semigranosus the prothorax is longer in proportion to
its width, and is less ample before the middle; the
elytral punctuation is finer and the traces of the strie
are even more indistinct than in its congener. My
type has a short impressed line on the base of the pro-
thorax anterior to the scutellum, but this may be an indi-
vidual characteristic.

Xyleborus fraternus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, picea, pedibus antennisque pallide testaceis,
parce pilosa; prothorace late semi-elliptico, lateribus postice
leniter rotundatis, dorso gibbo, posterius subleyi ; elytris striato-
punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim setosis, in declivitate obliqua,
infra acute marginata, seriato-tuberculatis. Long. 2°7mm.

FremMaLr. Oblong, piceous (perhaps black when mature), mode-
rately shining, scantily hairy, the antenna and legs pale testaceous-
yellow. Head subconvex in front, rather sparsely and strongly
punctured, with a supraoral shining median elevated space, hairs

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 215

scanty ; eyes oval, emarginate. Prothorex a Jittle broader than
long, widest at the base, the sides rounded in a gradually-
increasing curve from the base to the apex, the apical margin
broadly rounded and erenate, hind-angles slightly obtuse, the base
subtruncate ; surface convex, with an obtuse post-median transverse
gibbosity, strongly declivous in front, and asperate with imbricate
rug, behind subnitid, obsoletely punctured, obliquely impressed
within the hind-angles. Elytra as wide as the prothorax and
scarcely a half longer, with subrectangular shoulders, parallel-
sided to the middle, slightly narrowed behind, broadly rounded and
sharply margined at apex; surface convex from base to apex,
punctured in subimpressed rows, interstices transversely rugulose,
With seriate hairs from the base to the apex, arising from small
points, elevated and tuberculiform on the posterior declivous
portion.

Hab. Ceylon (G. Lewis).

Intimately allied to X. fornicatus, from which at first
I was unable to separate it. Having now seen both the
type and a long series of tke latter species, I am able
to distinguish between them. ‘The present species is
rather larger and broader than its ally, with the elytra
relatively rather shorter; the prothorax is widest at the
base, and the sides quite regularly rounded to the apex,
while in X. fornicatus the thorax is as wide at the
anterior third as at the base, and the sides are more
parallel. X. wanthopus, another allied species, has the
elytra relatively longer than those of X. fornicatus, and
the prothorax more nearly orbicular.

Xyleborus fornicatus.

X. fornicatus, ¢, Hichh., Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1868,
p. 151; Rat. Tom., p. 327.

Mas. Minutus, oblongus, testaceus vel piceo-fuscus, longius
parce pilosus; prothorace transverse quadrato, antice rarius
granulato ; elytris ab antica tertia parte obliquissime declivibus,
striato-punctatis, interstitils seriato-setosis. Long. 1-4 mm.

Mae. Very small, oblong, rather shining, varying from pallid
testaceous to pitchy-fuscous, with long sparse erect sete. Front
somewhat flattened, with an indistinct longitudinal elevation,
shining, obsoletely punctate, scantily hairy ; eyes small, narrow

214 Mr. Walter I’. H. Blandford’s

Prothorax much broader than long, subrectangular, the sides sub-
parallel, the apex very obtusely rounded, hind-angles subrectan-
gular, the base transverse ; surface strongly convex from base to
apex, somewhat flattened in front from side to side, the apical half
with very scattered granules, weaker behind, the basal half finely
reticulate, feebly punctured at the sides only. Elytra as wide as and
nearly a half longer than the prothorax, with gently curved sides,
narrowed behind and broadly rounded at the apex ; surface pul-
vinate, obliquely declivous and somewhat flattened from the
anterior third, at the base lineato-punctate, with scattered pili-
ferous punctures on the interstices ; declivity weakly striate, the
interstices subconvex, with elevated piliferous points. Antenne
and legs light testaceous.

Hab. Ceylon.

I have received a fair series of this species, partly
from the Indian Museum, Calcutta, partly from Mr. HK.
Ernest Green, and have been able to compare the female
with Eichhoff’s stype. ‘The insect has lately made itself
conspicuous in Ceylon as a destroyer of the tea-plant.
Some twigs accompanying the specimens are about a
quarter of an inch in diameter, and show several rami-
fying burrows, similar to those made by X. dispar,
without any very special features. ‘The diameter of the
holes, an important point in diagnosis of these injuries,
is about 1-1-1°2 mm.

Xyleborus pruinosus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, subopaca, ferrugineo-picea, capite
et prothoracis apice ferrugineis, opaca, pube brevi appressa sat
dense pruinosa; capite magno, fronte convexa, rudi, punctata,
linea media carinata; prothorace suboblongo, lateribus vix, apice
fortiter rotundato, dorso haud evidenter umbonato, postice sub-
tilissime punctulato; elytris quasi confuse punctatis et granulis
minutis elevatis posterius magis distinctis aspersis, apice convexe
declivi. Long. 4 mm.

FremMALE. Oblong, cylindrical, rather dull, entirely covered with
very short fine appressed hairs. Head large, obscure ferruginous,
dull, convex in front, ragulosely punctured, with a fine sharp
median carina not reaching the mouth, epistoma thickly fringed ;
eyes small, deeply emarginate ; antennz fusco-ferruginous. Pro-
thorax a little longer than broad, broadly rounded and subbisinuate

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 215

in front, the apical margin crenate and everted but not projecting,
the sides scarcely rounded behind the middle, hind-angles sub-
obtuse but not rounded, the base transverse ; surface cylindrical
behind the middle, declivous and convex in front but with no
evident gibbosity at the junction, reddish-pitchy, lighter anteriorly,
uniformly pubescent, with a few erect hairs round the margins,
the anterior half asperate with small scattered transverse ruge,
intermixed with granules, the posterior half very finely and rather
closely punctured, with no evident median line. Scutellum rounded,
subconvex, shining, black. Elytra scarcely as wide as the pro-
thorax and less than a half longer, truncate at base, the shoulders
rounded, the sides subparallel, rounded and inflexed behind the
middle, the apical margins oblique and not conjointly rounded ;
surface convex from base to apex, rather strongly declivous behind
the middle, piceous, with short appressed cinereous hairs, closely
punctured and except over the basal third covered with scattered
granules (with microscopic examination only, the punctures of the
true striz can just be differentiated from those of the interstices) ;
declivity not acutely margined below, convex, very faintly striate.
Underside piceo-ferruginous, pubescent ; legs brown-testaceous. all
the tibiz rounded and finely serrate above.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

Hyidently related to X. pelliculosus, Kichh., and like
that insect, with the prothorax of the type of his
Division III. X. pruinosus is a much larger and
stouter insect, differently proportioned, with the elytra
pulvinate, more strongly punctate as well as granulate,
and not impressed at apex.

Xyleborus puberulus, sp. un.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, fusco-picea, subopaca, pube brevi
vestita; fronte haud carinata; prothorace manifeste oblongo,
apice rotundato, lateribus postice rectis, dorso antice dilutiore,
postice subtiliter punctulato ; elytris prothorace vix longioribus,
indistinctissime striatis, interstitiis mox pone basin granulis
elevatis sine ordine instructis, apice fortiter declivi, haud impresso.
Long. 2°3 mm.

Fremaue. Oblong, cylindrical, Aull, clothed with short rather
dense pubescence, relatively longer than in X. pruinosus. Head
pitchy, front subconvex, dull, shortly hairy, not evidently punctate,
not carinate ; eyes moderate, deeply emarginate ; antenne testa-

216 Mr. Walter I’. H. Blandford’s

ceous. Prothorax manifestly oblong, strongly rounded behind,
parallel-sided from before the middle to the base, the latter trun-
cate, the hind-angles rounded, anterior opening bisinuate ; surface
with a very indistinct ante-median transverse elevation, in front
convex, declivous, fusco-ferruginous, finely granulate-asperate,
behind cylindric, subopaque, alutaceous, feebly and’ scantily punc-
tured, Scutellum large, rounded oblong, black, subrugulose.
Elytra as wide as but scarcely longer than the prothorax, parallel-
sided, the apical margins oblique, and scarcely conjointly rounded ;
surface cylindric, strongly declivous for the hinder fourth, fusco-
piceous, the base and apex obscure reddish, pilose and very faintly
striate, the punctures of the striz visible at the base in the sub-
stance, the interstices at the base subnitid, rugulose and multi-
punctate, thence covered with elevated granules and quite opaque ;
declivity subconvex, not impressed, dull, not sharply margined
beneath. Underside concolorous, pubescent, legs brown-testaceous,

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

A very much smaller insect than X. pruinosus, with
the elytra only about as long as the more elongate
prothorax, and much rougher with elevated granules.

Xyleborus scabripennis, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, cylindrica, subopaca, nigra, capite, prothoracis
apice, elytrorum declivitate obscure rufescentibus, pedibus fusco-
testaceis, breviter pilosa; prothorace latitudine longiore, apice
rotundato, disco haud umbonato, antice convexo, postice cylindrico,
ad basin obscure nitido, sublevi; elytris brevibus, subsulcatis,
interstitiis ad basin subnitidis, ad medium grosse granulato-tuber-
culatis, declivitate obliqua, retusa, dense subtiliter seriato-granulata
et breviter pilosa. Long. 2°3 mm.

FreMALe. Oblong, rather short, cylindrical. Head large, deep
fuscous, the front black, convex, with short hairs arising from small
asperate granules, and with a fine median carina, mouth fringed ;
eyes not large, oblong, deeply emarginate ; antenne brown-
testaceous, the funiculus short, the club orbicular, normal. Pro-
thorax a little longer than broad, the sides and apex rounded, the
former very slightly behind the anterior third, the hind-angles
rounded, the base truncate ; surface declivous before the middle,
cylindrical behind, with no evident median nodus, black, the apex
rufescent, very finely and shortly pilose, in front with small
granular asperities, fine and rugulose over the median third, the

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 217

basal portion obscurely shining, closely reticulate, obsoletely
punctate. Scutellum large, rounded triangular, black, rugose.
Elytra about as wide as the prothorax, and only one-fifth longer,
truncate at base, with subrectangular shoulders, the sides parallel,
abruptly inflexed behind, the apical margins obtuse and scarcely
conjointly rounded when seen from above ; surface cylindrical for
a little more than the anterior half, then strongly but obliquely
declivous and subretuse, black, the declivity obscurely reddish,
above subsulcate, the sulci obliterated at the base, evident towards
the declivity, interstices subnitid at the base, finely multipunctate,
then uniseriate-tuberculate and shortly pilose, the tubercles close,
the four or five preceding the declivity being strong, erect, and
spinous ; the latter slightly convex, dull, closely but more finely
seriato-granulate, the rows of granules separated by sulci, and
pilose with short hairs, not sharply margined below. Underside
piceous, thinly hairy, the abdomen with strong rugose punctuation;
legs brown-testaceous, the tibiw slender, curved, and finely serrate
above.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace); Sumatra, from
tobacco (Grouvelle).

The shape of the prothorax differs a little in my two
examples, being more uniformly curved from base to apex
in that fron: Borneo, whereas the Sumatra specimen has
a slight apical constriction. The species, though quite
peculiar in sculpture for a Xyleborus, and somewhat sug-
gesting a Hylocwrus, is normal in generic characters, and
is related to X. puberulus, of which the elytral sculpture
is destitute of the coarse tubercies margining the decli-
vity in the present species.

Xyleborus arcticollis, sp. n.

Mas. Elongatus, subnitidus, tenuiter erecte pilosus, fusco-
ferrugineus ; prothorace valde elongato, post medium constricto,
apice utrinque rotundato, medio leniter emarginato, dorso depresso
ad apicem convexe declivi, antice granulato-asperato, postice sub-
tiliter punctato; elytris prothorace subbrevioribus, subtiliter
confuse punctatis et pilosis, apice convexe declivi obsolete striato.
Long. 4°8 mm.

Mare. Elongate, slightly shining, fusco-ferruginous, thinly
covered with fine erect hairs. Front convex and subpulvinate
over the mouth, closely rugose, carinate along the middle, thinly
hairy, impressed on the middle of the fringed epistoma, above with

218 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

an arcuate impression below the vertex, rather closely punctured,
and with the carina replaced by a non-elevated smooth line ;
vertex opaque, impunctate ; eyes small,’ emarginate ; mandibles
very prominent ; antennz brown-testaceous, normal. Prothorax
fully one-half longer than wide, constricted behind the middle,
thence ampliated, and widest behind the apex, the anterior angles
broadly rounded with the outer parts of the apical margin, which is
almost bilobed, being separately rounded on either side with a very
shallow median indentation, hind-angles broadly rounded, the base
truncate in the middle ; surface moderately convex from side to
side, depressed longitudinally and (in side view) appearing flat
from just before the base to the anterior fourth, where it becomes
declivous and convex, apical margin tuberenlate, the anterior half
asperate with rather coarse granules, and pilose with fine erect
hairs, posterior half moderately uiag. more thinly hairy, weakly
punctured, the punctures closer in front than at the base, which is
somewhat callosely thickened. Scutellum minute. Elytra as wide
as the prothorax, but scarcely so long, subparallel-sided, not
narrowed behind, and broadly rounded at the apex ; cylindrico-
convex to the middle, thence convexly declivous, coriaceous, finely
and confusedly punctured and moderately densely clothed with
fine hairs ; declivity rugulose, obsoletely striate, not margined
below. Coxe and underside, except the abdomen, darker, thinly
hairy ; the latter short. Legs ferruginous, the knees and tibiv
darker ; femora very stout, inflated ; tibia rounded externally, the
anterior pair narrow, weakly armed, the remaining pairs dilated in
the middle, and more strongly serrate above ; tarsi very long, the
first three joints somewhat stout and compressed.

Hab. Sumatra, from tobacco (Grouvelle).

This form is one of the most singular among the many
remarkable male forms of the genus. The great length
of the prothorax, and its peculiar shape, are quite
characteristic; its apical indentation is only such as
results from the conjunction of the two curves formed by
the independently rounded sides of the anterior margin,

and there is no dorsal sulcus leading to it. In spite of

its great length, the prothorax is not, as in many males,
produced into a peak in front of the head.

Xyleborus spatulatus, sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, sat lata, haud cylindrica, castanea, pro-
thorace et elytris ad apicem obscurioribus, subnitida, pilis

brevissimis pruinosa ; prothorace transyerso semiovali, dorso

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 219

post medium umbonato, postice dense fortiter punctato ; elytris
a basi pulvinatis, postice gradatim valde oblique declivibus,
lineato-punctatis, interstitiis multipunctatis, declivitate utrinque
late impressa, juxta suturam elevata, ad apicem subexplanata,
subtus marginata. Long. 5-4 mm.

Femate. Oblong, broad and somewhat depressed, not
cylindrical, moderately shining, castaneous-brown, the prothorax
before the discal elevation, the sides and apex of the elytra darker.
Front somewhat flattened, subimpressed on either side over the
mouth, rather strongly punctured, pilose ; eyes not large, reniform ;
antenne testaceous, normal. Prothorax broader than long, semi-oval,
widest behind, the sides and apex conjointly rounded, hind-angles ob-
tusely rounded, the base slightly curved; surface transversely gibbous
behind the middle, strongly convex from side to side, pubescent with
extremely short appressed hairs, anteriorly rough with an admixture
of granules and rather remote larger transverse rugs, posteriorly
closely and strongly punctate witha smooth median line. Scutellum
rather large, rounded trigonate, shining. Elytra wider at the base’
than the prothorax, and nearly double as long, the sides gently
curved throughout, widest behind the base, subangulately inflexed
at apex, the hind-margins obliquely rounded; surface rather
depressed from side to side, convex and pulvinate from the base to
the middle, thence obliquely declivous, rather indistinctly lineato-
punctate, the interstices multipunctate, the punctures bearing
small appressed hairs and a few short erect bristles in irregular
rows ; declivity broadly impressed and subexplanate at apex, with
the suture elevated, the sides of the impression oblique and
somewhat tumid above, and the inferior margin acute, more
clearly striate. Underside testaceous, shining and _ thinly
pubescent, sides of the elytra deeply inflexed towards the apex.
Legs brown-testaceous, the tibize strongly dentate.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).

The very short and nearly hemispherical prothorax, the
broad and somewhat depressed elytra, and the complete
absence of armature give the insect an appearapce unlike
that of any described species of the genus. I have,
however, dissected the mouth parts of one of my two
examples, and cannot find in them or in other details of
structure, sufficient grounds for its removal. The malar
armature is fine and setiform.

220 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

Xyleborus wallacet, sp. n.

Frm. Elongata, cylindrica, picea vel badia, sat nitida, erecte
setosa ; prothorace subquadrato, dorso post medium gibboso, postice
Prnaenerate punctato ; elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis planis
per totum alternatim tuberculis piliferis et punctis uniseriatim
instructis, declivitate perobliqua, haud retusa, infra marginata.
Long. 5°5 mm.

Femate. Elongate, cylindrical, bright brown or piceous, rather
shining, with erect scattered long brown hairs. Head impressed
above the mouth on either side, with deep sparse piliferous
punctures and a median elevated line, mouth fringed ; eyes large,
broad oval, emarginate, encroaching on the front, antennz
testaceous. Prothorax subquadrate, not longer than broad, the sides
and apex separately and feebly rounded, the former slightly con-
tracted before the middle, the anterior angles broadly rounded, the
hind-angles subrectangular, the base subtransverse ; dorsal gibbosity
post-median, rounded and not sharply defined, surface with
scanty pubescence at the sides, anteriorly convex, declivous and
asperate with small ruge, fine and close on the gibbosity, posteriorly
subopaque, with fine subasperate punctures, the median line
narrow. Scutellum small, rounded, convex, shining. Elytra as
wide as the prothorax and twice as long, truncate at base, the
shoulders obtuse, the sides parallel, somewhat narrowed towards
the rounded apex ; surface slightly rounded from the base to just
behind the middle, thence very obliquely declivous, striate-punctate,
the punctures rather large, shallow, the striz scarcely impressed,
the interstices shining, flat, with a single uniform series from base
to apex of small setiferous tubercles alternatirg with punctures,
the sete long and erect ; declivity carinate below, very slightly im-
pressed on each side, chiefly over the 2nd interstice, and not
evidently retuse or flattened. Underside concolorous, the legs
somewhat lighter, the anterior tibiz subangulate before the apex,
the others rounded above, and moderately strongly serrate.

Hab. New Guinea, Dorey (Wallace).

The species is remarkably like the Colombian X.
grandis, Hichh. ; but it has the eyes larger, convex, more
strongly granulated and more approximated i in front, the
prothoracic elevation post-median, the elytra more
obliquely declivous, the interstitial seta springing from
tubercles throughout, and the first interstice not nar-
rowed at the apex.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 22k

Xyleborus destruens, sp. n.

Elongatus, ferrugineus vel piceus, nitidus, parce setosus, pro-
thorace quadrato, elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim
subtuberculatis et punctatis, declivitate subretusa.

Fem. Quam YX. wallacei minor, subangustior, prothorace dis-
tinctius gibboso, ad basin nitidiore, elytrorum interstitiis rarius
tuberculatis et setosis, declivitate distincte impressa et pcstice
subexplanata. Long 48-5 mm.

Mas. Brevior, robustior; prothoracis lateribus et angulis
anticis distinctius rotundatis, Gorso ante umbonem subdepresso et
obsoletius asperato; elytris profundius striatis, striis juxta
suturam irregularibus rugosis, apice magis retuso.

Long 3:9-4:°3 mm.

Elongate, varying in colour from ferruginous-red to piceous,
shining, scantily hairy, the hairs erect.

FremaLe. Very similar to that of X. wallace’, smaller and
narrower. Front less impressed over the sides of the mouth, the
median carina less distinct ; eyes smaller, not encroaching so far
on the front. Prothorax just perceptibly longer than broad, the
sides less narrowed in front, the apex somewhat flatter, the
anterior and posterior angles rounded ; discal elevation not post-
median, rather more defined and smoother, the basal half subnitid,
with finer scarcely asperate punctures, weak towards the middle.
Elytra narrower, the punctures of the strix a little larger and
more remote, the interstitial tubercles and punctures much more
remote on the disc, the former feeble on the outer interstices ;
declivity impressed and very slightly concave towards the tip,
very shining.

Mate. Shorter but stouter than the female and more convex.
Median elevation of front stronger ; eyes very small, with only
4 or 5 ommatidia at their greatest width. Prothorax much more
ample, broader than long, the sides more strongly rounded and
gradually incurved in front to the apex, which is transverse in the
middle ; discal elevation situate farther back, less defined, surface
depressed in front from the elevation to the apex but still convex,
with finer asperation and an irregular smooth median line,
posteriorly longitudinally convex, impressed on either side between
the elevation and the hind-angles, more shining. Elytra shorter,
but variable in length, narrower than the prothorax, more convex,
more strongly punctate-striate, the interstices subconvex ; surface

222, Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

with an irregular shallow sutural impression beginning behind the
base, rugulose, infuscate and more strongly tuberculate ; declivity
more retuse, beginning subabruptly above, shining, irregular, more
obsoletely sculptured.

Hab. Gilolo (Wallace) ; Java.

I have received a good series from Java, where this
species, in association with Glenea novemguttata, Cast.,
and a species of Helopeltis has inflicted very grave
damage to cacao-plantations.

Xyleborus andamanensis. sp. n.

Fem. Oblonga, subnitida, nigro-picea, parce pilosa ; prothorace
subquadrato, lateribus et apice leniter singulatim rotundatis, dorso
gibboso, postice sublevi; elytris dilutioribus, lineato-punctatis,
interstitiis planis, seriato-setosis, declivitate perobliqua, subopaca,
subtus acute marginata, striata, striis ad apicem sinuatis, inter-
stitiis granulis elevatis parvis zqualiter notatis. Long 3 mm.

Fematre. Oblong, moderately shining, scantily hairy, deep
piceous, the head and elytra somewhat hghter. Front convex,
strongly punctured, impressed on either side over the mouth, the
impressions separated by a median raised line; eyes oblong,
deeply emarginate; antenne brown-testaceous, Prothorax as
broad as long, subquadrate but with the sides and apex evidently,
though slightly, and the anterior angles more strongly rounded,
hind-angles obtuse, the base subtruncate ; surface transversely
gibbous in the middle, anteriorly rather finely granulate-asperate,
posteriorly moderately shining, finely reticulate, and obsoletely
punctured. Scutellum triangular, subnitid, longitudinally im-
pressed. Elytra scarcely as wide as the prothorax and less than a
half longer, subparallel-sided, strongly rounded at the apex, its
margin acute and subexplanate ; surface cylindrico-convex to the
middle, thence obliquely declivous, lineato-punctate, with very
shallow variolose punctures, interstices flat, rugulose, with uni-
seriate erect hairs arising from small points, which become elevated
before the middle, declivity convex, subopaque, with feeble striz
towards the apex, the Ist somewhat impressed, the others sinuate
outwards, interstices with uniform rows of small granules, obsolete

towards the tip of the 1st interstice.
Mi dae i!

Hab. Andaman Is.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 223

About the shape of X. intevjectus, Blandf., but smaller,
with the prothorax less narrowed towards the apex,
though as evidently rounded in front; the elytral
sculpture is characteristic and resembles somewhat that
of X. seminitens, Blandf., which species has not a sub-
quadrate prothorax.

Xyleborus submarginatus, sp. n.

Fem. Elongata, nitida, ferruginea, elytris versus apicem plus
minusve infuscatis; prothorace oblongo, lateribus postice sub-
parallelis, apice obtuse rotunddto, inde,subquadrato, dorso medio
nodoso, postice nitido, obsolete punctato ; elytris striato-punctatis,
interstitiis rarius subtilius uniseriatim punctatis et setosis, decliv-
itate obliqua, convexa, opaciore, interstitio 1° dilatato, utrinque
medio tuberculato, et granulis nonnullis ante tuberculum et ad
apicem ornato, interstitio 3° obsoletius granulato, margine inferiore
sat acuto crenato. Long. 2°-4—2°5 mm.

Resembling X. parvulus, Eichh., larger, darker in colour,
the prothorax more parallel-sided and obtusely rounded at
the apex, hence subquadrate. Elytra with the rows of punctures
more distinctly expressed, rather deeper, the punctures themselves
closer, the interstitial punctures finer, the setze longer, declivity less
shining, the Ist interstice with a stronger tooth, preceded by a few
fine granules at the summit of the declivity and one at the apex,
the 2nd interstice with two or three granules at the summit, the
3rd with a series on the declivity, its inferior margin distinctly
acute and crenate.

Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites,
in Mus. Oxon.) ; Celebes (Wallace) ; New Guinea, Dorey
(Wallace).

This species was referred to by me (Ann. Nat.
Hist. ser. 6, xv., p. 382) as a variety of X. parvulus.
Having since seen the type of that species and series
of both forms from Ceylon, I feel constrained to separate
it by the characters given above. It comes close to
X. dilatatus, Hichh., im many respects, but differs from
the description at least in possessing a prothorax which
is longer rather than shorter than taat of X. parvulus,

224 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

in the stronger dentation of the elytral apex, and in its
decidedly acute and crenate inferior margin; a point in
which, as in the shape of the prothorax, it approaches
the species of Eichhoff’s second division.

Xyleborus subcribrosus, sp. n.

Fem. Subelongata, cylindrica, nitida, castanea, parce longius
pilosa ; prothorace haud transverso, apice rotundato, disco sub-
aequaliter convexo, post medium fortiter punctato, linea media
levi; elytris fortiter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis puunctis
piliferis remotis notatis, apice fortiter declivi, impresso et longi-
tudinaliter concavo, pernitido, lineato-punctato, interstitiis preeecipue
in parte superiore subtiliter seriato-tuberculatis. Long. 3°4 mm.

FEMALE. Subelongate, cylindrical, shining, deep castaneous,
with long fine scanty pubescence. Front subconvex, shining and
rugosely punctured towards the mouth, dull towards the vertex,
median line narrow, elevated, shining, pubescence long, erect ;
eyes broad oval, narrowly emarginate. Prothorax about as long,
or a trifle longer, than broad, broadly rounded at the apex, the
sides very slightly rounded, the greatest width being at the hinder
third, hind-angles obtuse, the base truncate ; disc uniformly convex
from base to apex and not gibbous, asperate with close imbricate
rug before the middle, behind strongly and closely punctured,
the punctures subasperate at the sides, finer towards the middle,
median line impunctate, reaching the middle, interspaces shining,
pubescence scanty, marginal. Scutellum rounded, convex, shining.
Elytra as wide as the prothorax and fully a half longer, truncate at
the base, with rectangular shoulders, subparallel-sided and not
narrowed behind, rather abruptly and obtusely rounded at apex ;
surface cylindric, the apical third strongly declivous, with non-
impressed rows of strong punctures, the sutural row irregular,
interstices flat, subrugulose, shining, with uniseriate remote
piliferous punctures, replaced before the declivity by elevated
points, declivity strong but not abrupt, broader than long, retuse
and concave from base to apex, which is subexplanate, margined
subacutely below, very shining, with three rows of shallow punc-
tures, the interstices rather wide, the Ist with one small
tubercle near the summit, and traces of others near the tip,
the 2nd and 3rd with two or three irregularly-placed small
tubercles. Below concolorous, thinly pilose.

/

Hab. Singapore (Wallace).

ea

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 225

The single example nas the limbs broken; it is a
rather distinct form, with the elytral characters of the
species of Hichhoff’s second division, though the
rounded apex of the prothorax would place it in his
third division.

Xyleborus dolosus, sp. n.

Fem. Subelongata, cylindrica, nitida, castanea, parce pilosa ;
prothorace oblongo, apice fortiter rotundato; dorso post medium
sat distincte punctato, linea media levi ; elytris lineato-punctatis,
interstitiis planis uniseriatim punctatis, 1°, 3° post medium seriato-
tuberculatis ; declivitate obliqua, nitida, tenuiter punctata, in linea
interstitii 1° utrinque sat valide bituberculata, infra marginata, ad
apicem medium subemarginata. Long 2°4 mm.

FEMALE. Subelongate, cylindrical, shining, castaneous-brown,
with very scanty, rather long pubescence. Front subimpressed on
either side, with an indistinct median longitudinal elevation, sub-
rugosely punctate and pilose; eyes large, broad oval, feebly
emarginate ; antenne testaceous-yellow. Prothorax oblong,
strongly rounded at the apex, the sides very gently curved from
before the middle to the broadly rounded hind-angles, base sub-
truncate ; surface very convex before the middle, cylindrical and
slightly’ flattened posteriorly, the junction not marked by any
evident nodus, the anterior half rather finely and closely asperate,
the posterior half shining, moderately closely and distinctly punc-
tured, the punctures absent over the median line and a small spot
on either side, and coarser at the lateral margins, pubescence scanty,
marginal, erect. Scutellum rounded oblong, infuscate, shining, sub-
impressed. Elytra wider than the prothorax at its extreme base,
and less than a half longer, truncate at base, with rectangular
shoulders, subparallel-sided and slightly narrowed towards the apex,
the hind-margins separately rounded, as in many species of Ptero-
cyclon, forming a very shallow emargination at the suture ; surface
subcylindrical at the base, very obliquely declivous from the middle
to the apex, moderately strongly lineato-punctate, the interstices
flat, remotely and more finely punctured; declivity somewhat
flattened behind, shining, indistinctly punctured, rather sharply
margined below, 1st interstice with about six, 3rd with about five
tubercles, beginning near the middle of the elytra, and becoming
strongly posteriorly, the apical pairs of the 1st interstices forming
four well-marked tubercles on the declivous area, outer interstices
finely tuberculate towards the extremity. Underside concolorous,
legs testaceous.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace).
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PpartT 1). (JONE.) 15

226 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford’s

The shape of the elytral apex is like that found in
many species of Pterocyclon, and the species may be
regarded as intermediate between such forms as X. con-
fusus, Eichh., and its allies, and X. fallax, Hichh.

Xyleborus laticollis, sp. n.

Fem. Subelongata, nitida, badia, elytris piceo-ferrugineis ; pro-
thorace amplo, suboblongo, lateribus leniter, apice fortiter rotund-
ato, dorso transverse subelevato, postice subtiliter sparsim
punctato ; elytris prothorace angustioribus, postice angustatis,
striato-punctatis, interstitiis lineato-punctatis, postice tuberculatis
apice fortiter oblique declivi, subimpresso, fundo inermi, lateraliter
in linea interstitii 3i seriato-tuberculato, Long. 2°7 mm.

FremaLe. Subelongate, shining, sparsely pilose. Head bright-
brown, front subconvex, dull, punctured, with a fine subelevated
median line, mouth thinly fringed. Prothorax a little longer than
broad, ample, broadly rounded in front, the sides nearly straight,
inflexed slightly towards the rounded hind-angles, base truncate ;
surface cylindrical behind, convex and declivous at the apex, with
a scarcely elevated transverse nodus before the middle, bright-
brown with a darker shade towards apex, scarcely hairy, granulate
in front, behind shining, finely and sparingly punctured, with a
smooth median line, Elytra narrower than the prothorax and a
third longer, the shoulders subobtuse, the sides nearly parallel to
the middle, thence narrowed, the apical margin truncate in the
middle; surface cylindrical, piceo-ferruginous, shining, with thin
rather long hairs, rather strongly punctured in substriate rows, the
sutural stria markedly impressed shortly after the base, interstices
flat, with as strong but more remote uniseriate piliferous punctures,
replaced by small tuberculate points before the declivity ; the latter
beginning at the apical third, oblique, flattened, shining, indistinctly
striate, its fundus unarmed, the 3rd interstice callose and tuber-
culate, the outer interstices less strongly tuberculate. Underside
and legs testaceous, the abdomen darker.

Hab, India, Kanara (Andrewes).

This species belongs to the subdivision of which X,
savesent, Ratz., forms part, but is quite different from
that species in sculpture and in the much larger and
more ample prothorax, which looks almost out of pro-
portion in comparison with the elytra.

Descriptions of New Scolytide. 227

Xyleborus andrewesi, sp. n.

Fem. Elongata, piceo-fusca, antennis et pedibus flavis, sub-
nitida, sat breviter erecte pilosa ; prothorace oblongo, apice late
rotundato, lateribus parallelis, dorso post medium sat conferte
punctulato, linea media levi; elytris post medium gradatim
attenuatis, lineato-punctatis, interstitiis seriato-setosis, 1° a medio,
3°, 5° in declivitate tuberculatis, hac obliqua, pruinoso-opaca,
interstitio 2° impresso, Long. 2 mm.

FEMALE, Elongate, moderately shining, pitchy-fuscous, the
base of the prothorax and apex of the elytra somewhat lighter, the
antenne and legs yellow, with short moderately close erect pale
hairs. Front subimpressed on either side over the mouth, dull,
finely shagreened, not strongly punctate nor hairy; eyes rather large,
deeply emarginate. Prothorax oblong, exactly parallel-sided,
broadly rounded at the apex, the hind-angles rounded, the base
truncate; surface with an ante-median transverse elevation, declivous
in front and asperate with imbricate rugz, behind cylindrical,
slightly depressed, subnitid, with moderately close and rather fine
punctures, the median line impunctate, the interspaces transversely
rugulose, pubescence thin, longer over the apical, shorter but
present over the basal half. Scutellum triangular, partly con-
cealed by hairs. Elytra as broad as the prothorax and a half
longer, with subrectangular shoulders, parallel-sided to the middle,
thence gradually and subacuminately narrowed to the apex, hind-
margin seen from above short and transverse ; surface sub-
cylindrical to behind the middle, thence gradually declivous and
convex, rather finely punctured in rows, the punctures shallow,
bearing minute hairs, interstices flat, ragulose, with stronger seriate
hairs, the Ist and 3rd seriato-tuberculate, the tubercles beginning
on the Ist before the middle, rather remote, and weak towards the
apex, on the 3rd about the middle, and strong to the apex, the 5th
and outer interstices with finer tubercles towards the tip ; declivity
opaque, impressed along the 2nd interstice, the 3rd subcallose.
Underside concolorous.

Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes),

Allied to X. ewiguus, Walk. ; but larger, more elongate,
and much more gradually attenuated behind; the first and
third interstices alone armed before the declivity with
much more remote tubercles, the declivity opaque. One
example.

228 Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford on New Scolytide.

Xyleborus exiguus.

Bostrichus exiguus, Walk., Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, i1.,
p. 260 (1857).
Xyleborus muriceus, Hichh., Rat. Tom., p. 506 (1879)°.

Hab. Ceylon'; Andaman Is.; Burma’.

I have a pair from the Andamans, which have been
identified by comparison with Walkér’s type. Through
the courtesy of Herr Schaufuss I have been able lately to
compare them with that of Hichhoff, who has published
an ample description of the species.

IX. Notes on Dyscritina longisetosa, Westw. By
EK. Ernest Green, F.E.S.

[Read March 18th, 1896.]

THE accompanying figures represent what I suppose to
be a more advanced stage of the interesting little insect
described by the late Prof. Westwood, under the name of
Dyscritina longisetosa (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
py O01, pl. xxi, fig. 1).

My example of the insect is rather darker coloured
than the type, the whole of the upper parts being dark
reddish-brown, without any pale bands on the abdomen ;
it has, however, the two small pale patches on the
posterior angles of the prothorax ; and there is a pale
median line bisecting each of the thoracic tergites longi-
tudinally, which is carried forwards to the middle of the
head, where it bifurcates, the branches turning sharply
off to a point on the margin immediately in front of the
eyes.

Westwood does not definitely state the dimensions of
his insect; but gives 8 lines as the length of the caudal
filaments, remarking that these are “ nearly three times
the length of the entire insect.” In his figure, however,
he gives a scale, indicating the lengths of the parts, by
which I find that the body is 6 mm. long, and each
filament 17 mm. In my specimen these proportions are
considerably altered, the body being 8 mm. long, while
the caudal appendages attain a length of only 6$ mm.
~ In Westwood’s description these caudal appendages
are said to be composed of more than fifty minute articu-
lations. In the present specimen, the two appendages,
though nearly of equal length, consist of a different
number of joints, there being seventeen in one and twelve
only in the other. I at first thought that they might be
imperfect ; but a careful examination of the extremities
shows a natural rounded termination quite unlike the
apices of the preceding joints. There isa very long basal
joint, about equal to the subsequent six; the remaining

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parRT II. (JUNE.)

230 Mr. E. Ernest Green on

joints are saben in ene one gradually diminish in

\ thickness. The ap-
pendages are finely
setose, and there
are a few stout
spines on the basal
and following six
or seven joints.

Theantenne have
undergone very
little change. They
still contain fifteen
joints; but the
second isvery small
and sunk into the
apex of the large
basal piece, which
bears several stout
spines.

There is an im-
portant change in
the structure of the
legs, three joints
being now appa-
rent in the tarsi ;
the second joint,
is, however, very
small, and firmly
fixed to the pre-
ceding one, the line
of separation being
rather inconspicu-
ous. The femora
are distinctly chan-
nelled for the re-
ception of the tibize.
There is no pad
between the claws.

: Vee The mouth parts,
ofS ia as far as can be
Fig. Ree I of insect, dorsal view. seen without dis-
2.—Head, from below. | side. :
99 rs a
re 7 —Ter minal segments of abdomen, Prom the section, are as de
5, 4—Outline of insect, ventral view. scribed by Prof.

5 tt 1 bi ‘leg. y 5
5 Bs arsus and part of tibia of anterior lege. Westwood ; the
maxille are perhaps rather longer and more falcate.

ee ee eee

Notes on Dyscritina longisetosa. 231

The similarity of structure to that of the Morficulidx
is most marked in the specimen under examination. On
each of two tergal plates, near the base of the abdomen,
appear a pair of well-marked glandular folds, correspond-
ing with the scent-glands found in a similar situation in
many earwigs. On the ventral surface, the sternal plates
of the thorax are very large and broad, each projecting
backwards, and covering part of the following segment.
The legs are widely separated, and the coxze small and
cylindrical. The tergal and sternal plates of the abdo-
men are fitted together in the imbricating fashion which
is almost peculiar to the Forficulide. The extremity
of the abdomen, between the cerci, is closed by u
vertical plate divided transversely into two or more
pieces.

The specimen from which the above notes were taken,
is now deposited in the Natural History Museum, Crom-
well Road. Westwood’s type of the insect is presumably
in the Oxford Museum.

Pe
~

( 233 )

X. Ow the Courtship of certain European Acridiide.
By Professor Kowarp B. Poutron, M.A., F.R.S.,
HLS:, ete:

[Read April Ist, 1896. ]

Tne extraordinarily fine and hot weather in Switzerland
at the end of August and beginning of September last
year (1895), was very favourable for the observations
which are here recorded. I was then staying at the
Weisshorn Hotel, high above Vissoye, in the Val
d’Anniviers, 7690 feet in elevation. Certain species of
Acridiide were excessively abundant in the immediate
neighbourhood of the hotel, species moreover which
afforded examples of very different methods of courtship.

In working at this subject I received the greatest
assistance from my two friends, Mr. F. Jenkinson and
Mr. F. V. Dickins: their keen powers of observation
enabled me to add many new facts of much interest, and
also afforded valuable confirmation upon the most diffi-
cult points. Mr. Jenkinson observed with me for hours
together on several occasions, so that we were able to
compare our impressions as we received them.

Dr. Sharp has kindly identified the species for me,
comparing my specimens with a Brunner collection at
Cambridge.

The object of this enquiry was to make out the
methods employed by the males in the courtship of the
females, and especially the part played by stridulation.
Dr. Sharp, in the Cambridge Natural History (Vol. v.,

. 286), insists on the insufficiency of observations on this
point, and I therefore hope that this work has not been in
vain. ‘The following observations suggest that the true
significance of the latter is to be found in its use during
courtship. In only a single species of those observed,
Stethophyma fuscum, did the males commonly stridulate
without reference to the females, and merely ‘in rivalry
with each other. In all the other sound-producing species
the power seemed, almost without exception, to be

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParT H. (JONE.) 16

234 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

exercised with direct reference to females, or in rivalry
to other males in the presence of a female. In the case
of Psophus stridulus, true stridulation was only observed
when the close proximity of a female had evidently
thrown the male into a state of excitement.

The following considerations also support the same
conclusions. In Pezotettix pedestris, both sexes have
rudimentary wings and the male never makes any audible
sound. Nevertheless, when he is seated on the back of
the female attempting to pair, and during coitus itself,
he continually moves his third legs alternately as if
in stridulation. I believe that this movement is a vestige
of an ancient and long-lost power of producing sound.
Although stridulation is usually produced by a symmetrical
movement of the third legs, it will be shown that this is
not the case with Stenobothrus elegans. There is there-
fore no objection to be raised against this character of
the movement in Pezotettix. Another view, and that
held by my friend, the learned Orthopterist, Henri de
Saussure, is that sound is really produced, only we cannot
hear it. He holds that the sound is merely the outward
expression of the elated feelings of the male Pezotettia.

Dr. Sharp, too, considers from the presence in
apparently dumb species of well-developed tympana—
and this is their condition in Pezotettiv—< that the
Orthoptera provided with acoustic organs, and which we
consider dumb, are not really so, but produce sounds we
cannot hear, and do so in some manner unknown to us”
(Cambridge Natural History, Vol. v., 287). On the
other hand, it may be urged that the perception of vibra-
tion by means of tympana may be of great value in the
life of an organism, even if the organism were incapable
of producing sounds, and that it may be retained for
some more general use when its original special function
has ceased to exist.

But in any case this movement of Pezotettiv is con-
ducted with an apparatus homologous with that by which
sound is produced in other Acridiidx, and yet one in
which the special sound-producing structures are absent.
The tegmina are too short to be brought into their usual
relation with the femora, and the ridge on the inner face
of the latter is without the “musical beads,” although
strongly chitinized and prominent as though it had pre-
viously possessed significance in this respect.

Courtship of certain European Acridiide. 235

Further evidence in support of this explanation is to
be found in the fact that Pezotettix makes the movement
when he has succeeded in capturing the female and when
pairing has actually begun. In the other species ob-
served the normal arrangement was for the male to
stridulate apparently to charm or please the female before
leaping on her; stridulation after this occurring only in
certain special cases (one observation on Stenobothrus
hxemorrhoidalis, and one on Stethophyma fuscum, m
which it is to be explained as an answer to another
very persistent male).

If, however, as I suppose, the movements of Pezotettiv
are merely vestigial, we can quite understand their asso-
ciation in the nervous system with those stronger nervous
impulses which are concerned with the successful issue
of courtship, rather than with the impulses concerned
with courtship itself. According to this view the
functional stridulation is associated with anticipation
while the vestigial stridulation is only evoked by realiza-
tion. It should be added that it is quite possible that
these movements of the male Pezotettte may have a
stimulating or perhaps merely a soothing effect on the
female.

The comparison between Pezotettix and the other
species supports in another way these conclusions as
to the essential significance of stridulation in courtship.
In the latter kinds, so far as they were sufficiently
observed, the female was treated with considerable cere-
mony; in Gomphocerus a peculiar attitude was assumed,
movement of some of the appendages of the head was
made, ard the female was in some cases patted or stroked,
in addition to the most assiduous stridulation. The latter
was never omitted in any species in which we could detect
any sound. But the little male of Pezotettix, being appa-
rently without any power of charming the female, behaves
in a manner entirely different from any of the others
described below. He lies in wait, leaps on the female,
and captures her unawares. ‘Then, when he is firmly
seated, the male attempts to charm her by nibbling with
his mandibles, and perhaps by the effect of the alternate
movement of his third legs.

The general impression left by the whole of the obser-
vations recorded below was favourable to the theory of
sexual selection, and to the view that the stridulating

236 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

apparatus has been evolved by the agency of this
principle rather than by that of natural selection.

Others may draw opposite conclusions from the same
observations, which I therefore set forth by themselves,
apart from general theoretical considerations. I believe
that the observations themselves are correct, and that the
uncertain points are stated with due caution.

PEZOTETTIX PEDESTRIS.

Aueust 29, 1§95.—I watched a pair of Pezolettix
pedestris continuously for about an hour and a quarter,
viz, from about 2.30 p.m. to 3.45. The day was fine and
the sun powerful, and this had been the case for many
days previous to the 29th.

When first observed, the male was seated on the back
of the female, the anterior legs being clasped round her
prothorax, but every now and then one of them was
passed round her head and sometimes even over the eye.
‘Twice the female was seen to raise her leg and sweep the
male’s leg off her face. The male’s second pair of legs
apparently clasped the posterior part of her first
abdominal segment, fitting in between the femora of
the female’s third pair of legs and her body. The male’s
third pair of legs were not used for maintaining his
position, but were held either horizontally or inclining
upwards posteriorly, the tibiz forming an acute angle
with the femora, and the tarsus being raised so as to form
an acute angle with the tibiz. For nearly the whole of
the time of observation the male’s third legs were jerked
up and down alternately, the strokes not succeeding each
other very rapidly. No audible sound was produced.
No corresponding movement was seen on the part of the
female.

Jn attempting to copulate, the male let himself down,
sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other, suffi-
ciently far to bring the extremity of the abdomen below
that of the female. The terminal segments of the male’s
abdomen were then turned upwards and inwards towards
the external generative aperture of the female, with which
the everted male organs were brought into contact. No
movement of the corresponding female parts was seen,
but contractions of the whole abdomen occasionally took

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. — 237

place. In the above-described attitude the hold of the
male appeared to be very precarious, and it seemed that
he would have been shaken off by a comparatively slight
movement on the part of the female.

During the second half of the period of observation, the
male made more frequent and vigorous attempts, and I
noticed that from time to time he gently nibbled the
female with his mandibles in the dorsal and upper part of
the lateral thoracic regions. The female, however,
appeared to be entirely indifferent to his attentions ; and
sometimes when the male was making the most energetic
attempts she would calmly begin to eat the leaf of a
plant. On two occasions she finished, or nearly finished,
a small leaf, and many times nibbled parts of leaves.
Although she seemed to prefer the green leaves, she
sometimes ate portions of brown ones. Five times the
female ejected feces; once I thought the male did so,
bui it may merely have been getting rid of some foreign
particle which had accidentally adhered. In the case of
the female there was no doubt.

Although the female did not attempt to get rid of the
male, she showed her indifference to his presence not
only in the manner already described, but by walking and
hopping about, often at the most inconvenient times, By
3.45 copulation had not commenced, and I could wait
no longer. Both insects were then captured for
identification.

All the observations recorded above were made quite
close to the insects. By keeping as still as possible,
and moving very gently when it was necessary to
follow them, it was easy to bring the eyes within six or
eight inches of the insects without disturbing them
at all.

Avaeusr 30,—I saw many of the same species in copula
beside the upper road, or rather path, leading from the
Weisshorn Hotel to Zinai. ‘The terminal segments of the
male’s abdomen are turned upwards, in the position indi-
cated by the attempts already described. ‘lhe alternate
movements of the third legs continue from time to time
during coitus: in one case (which may have been the
beginning of copulation) a female was seen to stretch out
the third legs from time to time, and make a rapid
shivering movement. With the above exception, the
female hopped and walked about freely during the pro-

238 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

cess, the male being apparently firmly seated on her
back.

Avaust 31.—A pair were found in copula in the Alpine
garden close to the Weisshorn Hotel. The female was
seen to eat freely, and once to void excreta, while the
male was actively moving his third legs. This observa-
tion was confirmed by F, Jenkinson. ‘These remarkable
alternate movements of the male’s third legs during
coitus were also seen by F. Jenkinson and me in a very
large number of cases at other times. In a single case
observed by F. Jenkinson on August 31, the male’s legs
were at one time rapidly vibrated laterally, being moved
simultaneously and not alternately, as in the usual move-
ment. ‘This perhaps corresponds to the shivering move-
ment seen by me in the female on August 30th.

Sepremper 1.—This latter observation was confirmed
by me in the Alpine garden. In this case the beginning
of the act was seen. The male appeared to be much
excited, and the shivering movement occurred from time
to time, just before and after the beginning of the act.
The female, which possessed only one leg of the third
pair, was quite motionless throughout. At the com-
inencement of the act she expelled feces, which were
moist and quite different from the dry ejecta seen on
other occasions. In this and the complete passivity of
the female there is probable evidence that she was much
influenced by the act. This passive appearance was
entirely distinct from the indifference manifested im so
many of the cases previously observed, in which, how-
ever, the act had either not begun, or was probably far
advanced. Shortly after coitus the pair remained motion-
less for a considerable time.

SrepremBer 2.—Up to this date the events immediately
preceding pairing, and the pairing itself had been observed
with care, but there was no evidence to show how the
male became seated on the back of the female. I was
very anxious to find out how this occurred, and whether
there was any preliminary courtship by stridulation or
otherwise, although the species had never been heard to
stridulate. At this date, F. Jenkinson observed, and I
was able to confirm, that the males leap upon the females
when they come within a distance of about three inches,
but apparently do not notice them at a much greater
distance. ‘Their attention appears to be directed to the

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 239

female by its movement, and they then leap with the
greatest accuracy I. Jenkinson obtained these results
by inducing captured females to leap from his hand in
the direction of a male. On one occasion he saw a male
approach and leap upon another male, probably mistaking
it for a female ; there was a tussle, in which one appeared
to try to bite the other. It thus appeared evident that
there is no preliminary courtship of any kind, but that
the male takes the female by surprise, and leaps upon her
before she is aware of his presence. This conclusion was
abundantly confirmed Jater on.

SEPreMBER 3.—F’. Jenkinson and I observed a pair on
the grassy slopes below the Bella Tola. The male had
lost one of the legs of the third pair, and the female had
one of them apparently injured. The male was seated on
the back of the female, and was energetically attempting
to copulate much too far forward in the middle ventral line.
We watched his continual attempts for about fifteen
minutes, at the end uf which period he was no nearer to
success than at the beginning. This failure, when the
female was evidently ready, and kept opening the gene-
rative orifice, may have been due to the absence of the
lee. Although this limb is not used to hold firmly, the
absence of it may have affected his balance. At any
rate no failure of this kind was seen on any other
occasion.

Later on, about the middle of the day, we came toa
flat piece of ground covered with scanty grass, at the
bottom of the zigzags by which the Bella Tola is ascended.
The strong sun and the position of the ground made the
place extremely hot, and as both sexes of the Pezotettix
were very abundant, it appeared a good opportunity for
observing the pairing habits. The males were often
seated on stones, or other slight eminences; thus placed,
and with the head and anterior part of the body raised,
they were in a very favourable position to see and leap
upon any female which approached within three inches,
or sometimes even a greater distance. If the leap isa
failure, the male at once begins an active pursuit, leap-
ing more quickly and further than the female. Jn this
way it often happens that he loses sight of the latter, or,
is brought nearer to another female, whom he at once
attempts to capture. One main cause of failure in the
pursuit is that the male has very little, if any, power of

240 Professor Hdward B. Poulton on the

seeing a female between his leaps, unless his attention has
been directed to her by the movement of the leap itself.
Hence the pauses, often greatly prolonged, between the
successive leaps frequently lead to the escape of the
female. Furthermore, the leaps made by the male, when
lying in wait for the female, were much better aimed
than those made in pursuit. It is probable that in the
former case he takes very careful aim; for he turns his
head and antennw in the exact direction of the female,
and pauses before leaping, often making a slight rocking
movement of the anterior part of the body. Occasionally
this movement was seen in the female also.

When the maie leaps upon her unawares, as I have
described, the female almost invariably tries to throw
him off, and generally succeeds. If, however, she failed
in the first attempt, in most cases she yielded forthwith,
and, probably asa result of these favourable conditions as
regards temperature, pairing was effected in a very short
time, sometimes even in a few seconds.

In one instance a male leaped upon a female and was
thrown off; the female was then driven round, so that in
a few minutes she again came within the range of his
leap. ‘The second time he was successful, securing a
firm hold, and beginning to nibble the female with his
mandibles. All resistance ceased, and pairing took place
in a few minutes.

Very occasionally the alternate strokes, but only once
or twice repeated, of the male’s third legs were seen when
the opposite sexes were near together. i believe, too,
that the same movement was made by the female, though
still more rarely. One female, when near to a male,
seemed to be excited, and raised her third legs, which
quivered from time to time. Any such indications were
very rare in the female. In nearly all cases she was taken
by surprise, and only yielded when very firmly held.

The female must be influenced in some way by the
male holding her and caressing her with his mandibles ;
for his position, when attempting to copulate, is very
precarious, and he could be easily shaken off. It appeared,
however, that the males did not begin to make any such
attempts until the females had ceased to resist.

In one single instance the female did not yield,
although very firmly held; but it is probable that she
was immature, or injured, or in some way unfit for pair-

Courtship of certain European Acridiide. 241

ing, as the male finally left her of his own accord. This
observation was made by both of us, and was of great
interest. When we first saw them, the male was firmly
holding the female, but she kept struggling violently,
and trying to kick him off with her powerful third legs.
On at least three separate occasions the pair rolled over,
and remained in this position, with the male beneath,
for about half a minute. At such times the female was
unable to stryggle at all successfully, and it seemed
possible that the male, when he was nearly unseated,
caused the pair to roll over; we could not, however, be
sure of this. Ultimately the male leaped off voluntarily,
as I have already stated. One side of the dorsal surface
of an abdominal segment was wounded in the female, but
as the injury did not appear to be fresh, it is not probable
that the male caused it.

In one or two cases the female, and once the male,
expelled faeces just before or during copulation. The
feeces were of the character already described, and not in
the usual dry state.

In no single case was any preliminary courtship wit-
nessed in this species. There was no stridulation, no
display of colour or attitude. It was entirely a question
of capture, the females being almost invariably, at any
rate at first, unwilling prisoners, although occasionally
they showed indications of excitement in the presence of
a male.

It is highly probable that pairing takes place many
times in this species, and even more than once with the
same male.

There was an extremely high proportion of individuals
in coitu, even allowing for the fact that their habit of
freely jumping about renders them much more con-
spicuous than the unpatred males and females. The
proportion was far higher than that of any other
Orthopterous insect cbserved during this visit to Switzer-
land; it is possible, however, that the principal pairing
time of other species is earlier in the year.

GOMPHOCERUS SIBERICUS (var.).

This form was excessively abundant round the Weisshorn
Hotel, no other species approaching it in numbers. On
one occasion, after heavy rain, I’, Jenkinson saw immense

242 Professor Hdward B. Poulton on the

numbers of them lying in the path apparently
dead ; but after the sun had warmed them they all re-
covered.

Aveusr 30,—At this date I had a good opportunity of
watching the habits of the males in the presence of a
female. About a mile from the hotel, along the upper
road to Zinal, at about 11 a.m., 1 came upona spot which,
on account of its aspect and slope, had not long been
warmed by the sur,so that the insects were only just
beginning to bestir themselves. Here was a little group of
this species—two males and a female—probably close to
the place in which they had passed the night. ‘I'he female
was resting quietly on a small piece of rock, slightly
moving her abdomen, probably in relation to respiration.
Later on she drew each antenna beneath the first leg of
the same side, or perhaps drew the leg over the antenna.
It is probable that this movement is intended to wipe off
the dew. ‘The males often did the same, and the female
rubbed its eye, probably for the same purpose. ‘This
explanation is all the more probable because I did not
see these movements at any time when the heat of the sun
was sufficient to have dispersed the dew ; although tie
species was carefully observed on many occasions. One
male, standing by the female, was stridulating when I came
up ; the other was behind motionless. ‘These three insects
were extremely shy, although this was by no means the
case at other times when individuals of this species were
watched in the heat of the day. Although I approached
so that my shadow was behind me, and very gently, the
male beside the female was alarmed at each slight rustle
or movement, raising himself on his legs and erecting
his antennx, apparently thoroughly on the alert. ‘Then
when I kept perfectly still he resumed his former position
and depressed the antennz towards the female, both of
whose antenna were also generally depressed. He did
not continue to stridulate, but, after remaining almost
motionless for some ten minutes, except for cleaning his
antenne now and then, turned his back on the female and
apparently began eating the heather. In a few seconds
the other male stridulated once or twice: the effect on
the first male was instantaneous; he stridulated for a
second or two and then walked back to the female,
depressed one antennie towards her and patted her on the
thorax with oue of the first pair of legs. After all this

Courtship of certain European Acridude, 248

attention she made no apparent movement, and the other
male did not make any further advances. The active
male then walked away and met another female,
stridulated beside her until she also walked off. Another
male close at hand stridulated, and the active one
immediately replied, although in this case no female was
near.

These observations illustrate the habits of the species
in courtship, the males, as Mr. F. V. Dickins also pointed
out to ne, always running after the females and never
jumping, although both sexes jump very actively when
disturbed. The use of stridulation as one of the tactics
of courtship was clearly seen, the rivalry between the
two males near the female being particularly interesting.
The same occasion gave rise to the other method of
courtship, viz., patting the female. The position of the
male’s antenne suggested attention to any movement the
female might make, or to anything she might do.

These notes also illustrate the immense abundance of
the species, the active male had only to wall two or three
inches away from the group of three in order to come
across another female and male.

I think that, in observations of this kind, it will be
useful to watch the species under many different conditions,
especially as regards temperature. In the hottest places
courtship 1s most energetic, and we have the most
favourable opportunity for seeing the whole process
carried through to completion, as in the case of
Pezotettix already described ; but when the temperature
is lower, and especially when the warmth of the sun has
only just roused the insects into activity, many interest-
ing details may be witnessed which are often passed over
or hurried through in times of greater energy.

In spite of the excessive abundance of the species and
the almost constant attention of the males to the females,
a successful termination to courtship was witnessed in no
single instance, and only two or three pairs were seen in
coitu. One of these was found on August 29th, a little
below the hotel. The male, unlike the Pezotettix, was
unable to retain his hold, and when the female jumped,
as she did freely, he was dragged along on his back, and
retained this position for a considerable time in the
intervals between two successive jumps. It is probable
that with this species, the pairing season was nearly over ;

244. Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

and this conclusion is supported by the fact that the
females were often seen engaged in oviposition,

Avausr 31.—Jenkinson and I watched several females
ovipositing in the loose earth on a very hot slope just
outside the hotel, and in the beds of the little Alpine
garden. The female thrusts her abdomen deeply into the
earth and remains in this position for some minutes. On
two occasions a female, after withdrawing her abdomen,
was seen to rake the ground vigorously with her third
legs, and, in one case, witnessed by Jenkinson, she
steadied herself by holding a plant stem with her
mandibles. We several times dug up the earth and
searched for the eggs, but without success. At this date
I found another pair of this species in coitu, on the path
just below the hotel.

Gomphocerus sibericus appears to be a very general
feeder, and its extraordinary abundance in the immediate
proximity of the hotel was probably due to the presence
of horses’ and mules’ dung, and other refuse upon which
they fed. Every patch of dung upon the path was
surrounded by dozens of individuals.

Avausr 31.—F. Jenkinson and I watched the males pur-
suing the females near the hotel. It often happened that
when a male came up to a female he extended the max-
illary and labial palpi towards her, and raised himself on
his legs in a very characteristic and remarkable attitude.
At other times these movements occurred at a later stage
of courtship. The movement of the palpi strongly sug-
gested their use as organs of sense. When the female
ran away, as she generally did, the male pursued, always
trying to get in front of the female and thus stop her.
'’he male ran faster than the female, and altered his
direction so as to approach the female almost at right
angles to the course she was pursuing. After the pre-
liminaries of courtship—pursuit, stridulation, attitude,
and movement of the palpi—the male, standing beside
and close to the female, tries to jump on her, making a
curious short chirp as he does so. ‘lhe attempts were,
however, always unsuccessful in the cases observed by us.
Stridulation is in this species of definite length, and ends
in two or three short chirps; in most cases the male then
instantly approaches still nearer and tries to Jump on the
female with the short chirp already described.

Neither Jenkinson nor I can remember the exact

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 245

order in which the male went through the various phases
of courtship. Itis probable that the order varied greatly,
and that some of the phases were often omitted.

SerremMBer 2.—On this and many other occasions the
males were often seen to leave the female they were
pursuing and, apparently without knowing it, to follow
some other female they accidentally came upon in the
course of the pursuit. A male pursuing a female was
once seen to approach and jump at the male of Pezo-
tettiv, having apparently mistaken it for the female.

SepreMBER 3.—On the grassy slopes below the Bella
Tola, a male observed by F. Jenkinson and me was
greatly excited by the pair of Pezotettiv already described
as attempting, but unable to copulate. He stood im the
characteristic attitude, walked round them, and finally
stood in front and stridulated for the usual length of
time and with the usual ending, he then advanced as if
to jump, but before doing so became satisfied that he had
made a mistake, and walked away. It was evident that
he had mistaken the pair for the female of his own species.

Just below the zigzags up the Bella ‘lola we saw a
mule which, standing by a female, repeated the stridula-
tion four times with the usual conclusion on each occasion,
and then after all this attention let her walk away unper-
ceived. This and the other facts already described seem
to show that the males were very unobservant. In this
respect their behaviour was Very different from that of
Pezotettiv, and from the very alert member of their own
species observed on August 30.

No lhght was thrown upon the function of the remark-
able dilated tibiz of the first legs of the male. ‘The
whole tibia, swollen into the shape of a pear, with the
tarsus articulated to its broader end, presented a most
curious appearance in the characteristic attitudes assumed
during courtship. On the underside of this dilated mass,
which js approximately circular in transverse section, two
rows of hairs are seen. Although the hairs are smaller,
and the rows more widely separated, both evidently cor-
respond to those which are found beneath the unmodified
tibiee of the other legs.

Although we observed the habits of this species on
many other occasions, neither I’. Jenkinson nor I had
ever seen the pairing accomplished. I therefore asked
Mr. F. V. Dickins if he would consent to watch through

246 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

a very hot afternoon. ‘This he very kindly did, and
although unsuccessful in this respect, he made many
interesting observations which I give in his own words :—

“On the 4th September, 1895, I watched the courting
habits of some grasshoppers on the knoll immediately
behind the Weisshorn Hotel.

‘“‘ At first I made my observations on the west slope,
but there was a cool wind blowing, and the insects were
neither numerous nor lively. Casting about I discovered
on the south-east slope a particular hollow away from
the wind, in the full glare of the sun, and focussing the
heat-reflections from the hillock-slopes around it. Here
the grasshoppers abounded and were very lively; I
watched them for about two hours.

“IT noticed that the males, marked by swellings on
their first legs, were much more mobile than the females,
the latter were mostly extremely passive and had to be
chased and caught up by the males. There was a good
deal of this chasing which was very amusing to watch.
Sometimes the female, as if bothered, would remain
quiet fora time and allow the male to come up to her.
He appeared to stroke her with his antenne, but I could
not distinctly see what parts of her body he thus specially
caressed. The insects never seemed to leap unless
alarmed ; I thought that perhaps leaping was not an
ordinary mode of progression. I saw no male clasp or
leap upon any female; they chased and chased, threw up
the game, started a fresh pursuit, equally bootless, and
so went on, tireless. I was not fortunate enough to see
any accouplement. When the male was alongside the
female, in many cases, the insect assumed a strained atti-
tude, the anterior part of the body being raised high, and
the terminal segments curved upwards so that the dorsal
line was concave antero-posteriorly. Very often a curious
little click was heard, I thought, usually as the chase
ended in the pair suddenly standing still by each other.
One might suppose that it was a chirp of triumph. I
have no doubt it was made by the male.

“ One rather curious situation in this active little
drama is worth noting. A female alighted or rather ran
up on my boot and sat quite still in the hot rays of
the sun. She sat so still that the idea struck me I might
try to caress her a little myself. I accordingly looked
round for a slender flexible grass stem or dried haulm,

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 247

and having found one gently touched her with the pliant
extremity. She did not stir, and I became bolder; I
rubbed her hpdy on either side and also the inside of the
coxee and antenne. She was still unmoved, except that
a slight rigidity seemed to supervene, and the abdominal
extremity curved slightly upwards. Gently tickling this
part the curve rose and the rigidity seemed more marked.
I now stroked heras gently as I could, and she permitted
this exireme familarity without resentment. Lastly, I
took her softly up and laid her in the palm of my hand.
Turning her from side to side she seemed quite content
and did not exhibit a flutter ora tremor. I continued
my caressings for ten minutes or a quarter of an hour,
and then laid her in a warm spot and watched her for
another quarter of an hour. She did not move, although
she was alive enough. Was she hypnotized ?”’

This last interesting observation suggests that very
marked effects may be produced by the patting which I
witnessed on August 30th, and by the nibbling in the
case of Pezotettiv. In this latter species, indeed, the
effect produced on a female after her first unsuccessful
attempts to throw off the male, appeared to be very
much like that induced by Mr. Dickins in the female of
Gomphocerus.

S1TETHOPHYMA FUSCUM.

This magnificent species was very abundant in tlie
open grassy spaces between the trees at the water-
courses some few hundred feet below the hotel, and also
in certain places on the slopes far below the Bella Tola.
The stridulation was far more characteristic than that of
any other species observed: first three (sometimes two)
stvokes of the third legs across the tegmina, then a rapid
vibration of the former against the latter for a few
seconds. ‘I'he result is three piercing sounds in rapid
succession, and then a prolonged rustle. The rivalry
between the males and their replies one to another were
very evident, but their relations to the female were only
witnessed once or twice.

Aveust 31.—This species was observed by the water-
courses. Many females were seen: but never attended
by males on this occasion. I came across a pair of males
in the grass fighting in a very clumsy mauner: they lay

248 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

side by side, pushing and kicking at each other, and
stridulating alternately. One male had lost one of the
third pair of legs, perhaps in an earlie® part of the
fight, but if so it must have been somewhere else, as I
searched for the leg in vain. In spite of its mutilation
it replied with its single leg to every stridulation made
by the other, and these replies seemed especially irri-
tating to the uninjured male for it kicked more vigor-
ously than ever, and once made a determined but unsuc-
cessful effort to bite the end of the other’s abdomen. The
fight was already raging when I began to observe. After
I had watched it for several minutes the uninjured male
gave up and went away. It is possible that the fight
may have begun by one male leaping on the other in
mistake for a female, but it is more likely that it arose
in a quarrel over one female. This view derives some
support from the following observation.

SEPLEMBER 2.—At a certain spot on the slopes below
the Bella Tola the species was very common, and several
pairs were seen in coitu. ‘he female is larger and
duller in colour than the males, and her wings are much
smaller and probably useless for flight.

In the case of one pair in which copulation had
evidently only just taken place, the female was seen to
expel feeces: another male was lying beside the pair
evidently trying to copulate with the temale, continually
stretching his abdomen towards her with partial eversion
of the organs. He also stridulated from time to time,
and I feel almost sure, although I cannot speak with
certainty on this point, that the copulating male replied
on each occasion. In a few minutes the unsuccessful
male went away. I have suggested that the fight may
have begun in some such contest, but probably before
either male had succeeded in pairing. I cannot now
remember whether the stridulation during the fight and
on the occasion last described was similar to that which is
characteristic of the species at other times. I am con-
fident that no new sound was introduced, but cannot be
sure as to whether both movements were made with
their usual relation to each other.

Serremper 7.—F. Jenkinson saw two males of this
species drawn together from a distance of several yards
apparently as the result of stridulating alternately.
When at length they met, they seemed much excited,

Courtship of certain Huropean Acridiide. 24,9

but soon separated without fighting. Perhaps the fight
which I witnessed may have begun in this way.

STENOBOTHRUS (?) ELEGANS.

A beautiful little species which Dr. Sharp doubtfully
identifies as Stenobothrus elegans, was often seen, although
not abundant, below the hotel. The males in stridu-
lating, do not, ike the two last mentioned species, move
the third’ legs symmetrically, but one follows the other.
Probably in consequence of this the sound swells and
diminishes rhythmically, presenting a remarkable likeness
to that made by a fly caught in a spider’s web. Con-
sidering its very small volume, this high and piercing
sound can be heard for a great distance.

STENOBOTHRUS HAH MORRHOIDALIS.

After I left, F. Jenkinson observed a very small kind
which is almost certainly to be identified as the above
named species. Mr. Jenkinson has kindly given me the
following notes :—

“SepremBerR 5.—About 5 p.m. I found a very small
brown male, with the dorsal surface of the abdomen of a
reddish-orange colour. He was very assiduous in his
attentions to a green female with white V-shaped marks
on the side of the thorax. He generally kept close to
her, but was never obtrusive in his attentions, relying
apparently on the effect of his stridulation. This was
made with both legs simultaneously, generally very low,
but sometimes louder, a rapid uniform trill, rather like
the note of the lesser whitethroat. Sometimes she gave
him the slip, and they were as much as eight inches
apart, and out of sight of each other; but he continued
at ‘short intervals his stridulation, and somehow,
apparently by accident, they came across each other
again, and the male posted himself in close attendance
as before. ‘The female was generally nibbling at blades
of grass. If the male touched her, she seemed to repel
him by raising one of the third pair of legs. At 6°45
the sun was setting, and I had to go, so I boxed them
both. ‘The male was perhaps just beginning to relax his
energy.

“SEPTEMBER 7.—Below Weisshorn Hotel. A male
was stridulating and following a female, and was more

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Par? 1. (JuNE Ist.) 17

250 Professor Edward B. Poulton on the

successful in finding her again than any other species I
have observed. At 5°30 the male jumped on the
posterior part of the female’s body, his legs round her
tegmina. In this position he continued to stridulate
although at rare intervals (he did so at 5°50). The
female carrying the male shifted backwards moving her
abdomen. She seemed to have some difficulty in expelling
faeces, and this was apparently the cause of the movement.
The male stridulated, and then at 6:0, without having
copulated, he quitted the female, stridulated, and went
away.”

PsoPpHUS STRIDULUS.

The large black males were common just below the
hotel, and on some slopes below the Bella Tola, where
Stethophyma fuscum abounded. Their red under wings
were very conspicuous when flying, the characteristic
rattling sound still further attracting attention to them.
The larger brown, toad-lke females, with smaller wings,
are probably unable to fly.

I never saw the sexes together; but after I had left,
F. Jenkinson kindly sent me the following notes :—

“‘ SEPTEMBER 5.—When the male finds himself near a
female, he utters a double ‘ twitter’ (once a twitter and
then a trill), and moves excitedly. In one case I saw
him leap on the back of a female, but presently he left
her of his own accord.

« At 3 p.m. I came across a pair in coitu, but the male
disengaged himself by vigorous movements of the third
legs. They remained for a long time within two inches
of each other, but nothing happened. I made the female
jump away, caught her, and put her in the male’s way.
He at once became excited, and twittered, but the female
escaped. This occurred more than once, when I lost
her.

«A male, disturbed as | came home (about 6:45 p.m.,
when the sun was setting), hopped vigorously, but did
not open his wings.” ‘This latter observation is of inte-
rest, because the males always took to flight, when dis-
turbed,.on other occasions.

“ SepTeMBER 7.—On placing the female near the male,
he became excited, and made a twittering sound with
his legs. The female, in moving off, showed the red

Courtship of certain European Acridiide. 251

under wings, but even in the open path, the male seemed
to lose her at once. In another case, when the female
came near, the male jumped right away.”

It is noteworthy that most of the observations upon
the last-named two species were made late in the after-
noon, when the sun was losing its power.

(HDIPODA CHRULESCENS.

I had long wished to study the courtship of these
beautiful insects, but there were none round the Weiss-
horn Hotel. Lower, at San Luc (5390 feet), they began
to appear, and still lower, at Vissoye (4006 feet), and all
along the main valley road, they were excessively abun-
dant. They are always difficult to observe, because they
haunt places where the combination of direct heat with
that reflected from rocks or bare slopes, is almost un-
bearable. I had no time to observe them until we had
come down to Fribourg.

September 9.—These insects were very abundant in a
large gravel pit, just outside the gate of the town, on the
road to La Roche. There is little doubt that they be-
longed to the above-named species. They were very lively,
continually flitting about over the bare earthand gravel.
They are very shy, and it is necessary to keep perfectly
still in the intolerable heat, in order to watch their habits.
I noticed that the males move their third legs as if in
stridulation, but that no audible sound was emitted.
There is an apparent lack of intention and effort about
their movement which suggested that the habit is pro-
bably only a vestige, and possesses no other significance.
The legs were raised, and seemed to be allowed to drop
by their own weight. Furthermore, these strokes were
not repeated at regular intervals, but quite irregularly,
and often singly. In this case I did not secure any
material, and therefore cannot speak with any confidence ;
but I anticipate that the legs will be found to be without
the sound-producing structures.

A female remained motionless on the ground near to
me. She was much larger than the males, and the ex-
posed surface of her body and wings was of a redder
brown. ‘The males were extremely acute in detecting
her presence, although she made no movement, and
looked exactly like a part of the ground. Whenever a

252 ~=Prof. E. B. Poulton on European Acridiide.

male perceived her, he instantly approached without any
preliminary courtship, leaped upon her back, remained a
few seconds, and then voluntarily left her. The female
did not make any apparent movement, although I saw
quite half-a-dozen males leap upon her in the course of
afew minutes. The males never met near her, and I
saw no signs of any fighting. I could not tell whether
there was any actual pairing, but it is improbable that
this could have occurred in so short a time. It is likely
that the males found that she was in some way unfit for
pairing, and then left her. I have already implied that
there was no special display of the beautiful blue under
wings for the benefit of the female.

I trust that I may be able to make further observations
upon these beautiful and interesting insects at some later
date.

i

“—_—_
ro
Or
(ey)

al

XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). By
Proressorn Samugen Wenpett Wituiston. (Dolv-
chopodide and Phoridw, by Proressor J. M.
ALprica.) Communicated by Davip SHarp, M.A.,
F.R.S , on behalf of the Committee for investigat-
ing the Fiora and Fauna of the West Indies.

[Read March 4th, 1896. ]
Prares VIII, IX., X., X1., XIL,; XI. and XIV.

[THis paper is a list, accompanied with descriptions, of
the Diptera found iu the island of St. Vincent, by Mr. H.
H. Smith, the well-known American entomologist, who
was sent to the islands by F. D. Godman, Esq., F.R.S.,
to assist the Committee in its investigations. Some
general remarks by the Author will be found at the end
of the paper. A second memoir, treating of the Diptera
of the neighbouring island of Grenada, will, it is hoped,
be almost immediately ready for publication, the present
instalment having been in the hands of the Committee
for upwards of two years.—D. 8.]

CECIDOMYIIDA.

Dipuosis.
Loew, Dipt. Beitr., iv., 20, 1850.
1. Diplosis pictipes, n. sp.

dé. Face yellow. Antennz as long as the wings, yellow, the
joints alternately double, with their petioles as long as the thickened
portion. Mesonotum opaque red; two slender stripes and the
middle portion behind yellow. Abdomen reddish-yellow. Legs
black ; the distal two-fifths of the front femora, the immediate
tip of the hind femora, the tip of the hind tibiz ; a broad ring on
the second, third, and fourth joints of all the tarsi, and the
terminal portion of the fifth joint, light yellow. Wings with
black hair, forming irregular markings ; third vein gently curved,
terminating just beyond the tip of the wing. Length 15 mm.

Four specimens.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—part ul. (sEpr.) 18

254 Professor Williston on the

2. Diplosis, sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 1, wing.)

@. Antenne about as long as the wings ; all the joints single,
the petioles a little shorter than the thickened portion. Yellow,
the mesonotum somewhat brownish, the abdomen, tibiz, and tarsi
infuscated. Wings nearly hyaline, black haired. Length 1} mm.

3. Duplosis, sp.

g. Very much like the preceding species, but with each alter-
nate joint of the antenne double.

4, ? Diplosis, sp. (Pl. Vill., fig. 2, wing.)

Two specimens, with the antenne incomplete, I refer
doubtfully to this genus. The antennz are not petio-
lated, and resemble those of Asphondulia, but have the
joints provided with long hairs, as in this genus.

WINNERTZIA.
Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prodri, 1856.
1. Winnerizia, sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 3, wing.)

Two specimens, male and female ; both injured.

Mriastror.
Meinert, Natur. Tijdschr., 3 R., ii., 156, 1864,
1. Miastor, sp. (Pl. ViIl., figs. 4, wing ; and 4a, part of

antenna. )

A single specimen of a species which seems to present
all the essential characters of this genus. The wings
have the first and third veins distinct, but lack the
posterior forked cell. The legs are short and not slender.
‘The tibize are as long as the first two joints of the tarsi
together, and the first joint is a half longer than the
second.

Hapwusia.
Karsch, Revision der Gallmiicken, p. 15, 1878.
1. Haplusia, sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 5, wing.)

A single specimen of a minute species shows evident
relationship to this genus, though I am not fully satisfied
that it should be located in it.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 255

The neuration is very nearly the same as that of the type species
(comp. Karsch, J. ¢., fig. 1). The first joint of the tarsi is about
one-third of the length of the second joint, which is as*long as all
the other joints together. The fifth joint is widened, somewhat
disk-like, and is as long as the preceding joint. The head is wanting.
The colour of the remainder of the insect is light yellow, with the
mesonotum brown. Length about } mm.

TRICHOPTEROMYIA, 0. &.

Allied to Diomyza (in Schiner’s sense), but the first and third
longitudinal veins are not crowded together anteriorly, the third
vein terminating at the tip of the wing. Wings broad, very hairy ;
proximal section of the third vein straight, the distal section
nearly straight; prefurca of forked cell scarcely longer than the
sixth vein. Antenne with the joints distinctly petiolate ; the
distal portion of the antennz in both specimens is wanting.
Metatarsi longer than the following two joints together.

The genus Diomyza is, as yet, not well known, and I
do not feel quite sure of its distinctive characters. As
Schiner defines it, it differs from Lasioptera only in the
elongate metatarsi. However, there has been much
confusion in the application of the name Diomyza, as
Karsch has shown (Revision der Gallmiicken, p. 13),
and it may be that the name will have to be abandoned.
The present genus seems to be the only other one known
with elongate metatarsi, in which the fifth vein is forked.

1. Trichopteromyia modesta, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 6,
wing; 6a, tarsus ; 6b, part of antenna.)

2. Reddish-yellow, opaque; the pleurew, venter, and legs
yellow ; the front and tip of abdomen blackish, the metanotum
brownish. Antenne brownish-yellow, with black hair. Wings
hyaline beneath the dense blackish hair. Length nearly 2 mm.

Two specimens.
MYCETOPHILIDA.

Macrocera.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11., 261, 1803.
1. Macrocera concinna, n. sp. (PI. VIIL., fig. 7, wing.)

g, 2. Yellow. Mesonotum with three brown stripes ; wings
cinereous, with a large central brown spot, a spot at the tip of the
thickened first vein, the tip of the wing and a small cuneate spot

256 Professor Williston on the

in the first basal cell. Length 4-5 mm.; of the antennz, male,
16 mm. ; female, 7 mm.

¢. Head light yellow, the ocelli black. Antenne about four
times the length of the body ; brownish, toward the base brownish-
yellow. Palpi brown. Mesonotum yellow, with three brown
stripes, the middle one extending to the collar, the lateral ones
abbreviated in front and turned downwards to connect with a
vertical brown stripe on the pleure. Pleurz light yellow, with a
brown spot in front of the halteres, in addition to the vertical
stripe, whieh extends to the middle cox. Scutellum and meta-
notum brown. Abdomen yellow, the proximal segments some-
what infuscated toward their base ; hair black. Legs light yellow ;
tarsi infuscated ; front tibiz suddenly dilated at their tip. Wings
cinereous hyaline ; a dark brown spot at the junction of the third”
and fourth veins, extending back to the angle of the posterior
basal cross-vein ; a similarly coloured spot at the tip of the first
vein, reaching across the third longitudinal vein; the tip of the
wing is broadly brownish, and there is a small brown spot in front
of the fourth vein, opposite the tip of the auxiliary vein ; anterior
cells yellowish; anterior branch of the third vein oblique and
pallid.

9. In the single female specimen, the colour is more reddish-
yellow, ‘the abdomen is red with the posterior margin of the
segments yellow. Antenne only about twice the length of the
body.

Seven specimens. Sea level, and 1090 feet. This
species seems to be related to M. inconcinna, Loew, but
differs especially in the markings of the thorax.

PLATYURA.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., i1., 264, 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. The anterior branch of the third vein terminates in the
first longitudinal vein. . . - » parva, n. sp.

The anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein termi-
nates in the costa beyond the end of the first vein . 2

2. Wings with brown spots. . . . . . . . piéctipennis, n. sp.
Wings uniformly infuscated’ .. . . « «© «= eit Grn 3
3. Auxiliary vein very Shorter ee «+s = egnovdzs nN. Sp.

The auxiliary vein terminates apposite the origin of the
third longitudinal vein . . . . . . fasciventris, n. sp.

Ot
ba |

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 2%

1. Platyura parva, n. sp.

g. Antenne brownish-yellow, shorter than the thorax,
Posterior part of the mesonotum, the narrow lateral margins,
and three slender stripes, brown or black ; elsewhere the thorax
is yellow, save two spots on the pleure, and the metanotum for
the greater part, which are black. Abdomen cylindrical, black,
the venter and immediate base yellowish. Cox and legs yellow ;
the terminal portion of the tibis, and the tarsi, brownish; meta-
tarsi about three-fourths of the length of the tibiz ; all the tibize
with a single spur and without spines. Wings lightly tinged ; the
anterior branch of the third vein terminates in the first vein near
its tip. Length 23-3 mm.

‘wo specimens.

2. Platyura ignobilis, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 9, wing.)

$. Base of antennz and the face yellow ; front and occiput
blackish. Thorax reddish-yellow, the dorsum with black hair
arranged in distinct rows. Scutellum and metanotum brownish.
Abdomen brownish-yellow, with black hair. Legs yellow, the tarsi
infuscated ; front metatarsi not more than three-fourths the length
of the tibia. Wings uniformly subinfuscated ; the anterior branch
of the third vein is nearly rectangular, terminating in the costa.
Length 5-4 mm.

3. Platyura pictipennis, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 10, wing.)

$, @. Frontand face yellowish or brownish, the palpi darker
coloured. Antenne brownish, about as long as the thorax, mode-
rately compressed. Thorax yellow; the dorsum, save a yellowish
spot or stripe in the middle, and the yellow lateral margins, brown
or black ; disk and sides of the metanotum brown. Abdomen
brown or blackish-brown, the posterior margin of each segment
yellow. Legs, including the coxz, yellow, the distal portion of the
tibize, and the tarsi, brownish ; tibiz without spines; front tibize
and metatarsi of nearly equal length, the hind metatarsi shorter
than their tibiz ; all the tibixe with a single spur. Wings nearly
hyaline, with markings as follows: a large brown spot, reaching
from the costa to the fifth vein, over the prefurca ; another of about
the same size in the outer part of the first posterior cell ; and
smaller ones in all the cells on the posterior side of the wing ; the
anterior branch of the third vein runs into the costa a little beyoud
the tip of the first vein. Length 5-35 mm.

Six specimens.

258 Professor Williston on the

4. Platyura fasciwventris, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 11, wing.)

¢. Head and basal joints of the antennz reddish-yellow, the
distal joints of the antenne black or brownish-black; the oval
ocellar spot black. Front broad, the orbits emarginate. Thorax
reddish-yellow ; the dorsum red, with four brown stripes, sometimes
feebly marked or obsolete. Abdomen red, or reddish-yellow, with
a black band of variable width at the posterior part of each seg-
ment; venter yellow. Coxz and femora light yellow; tibize
yellow, the tarsi brownish ; tibize without spines ; metatarsi about
as long as their tibiz ; all the tibiz with a single terminal spur.
Wings uniformly brownish; anterior branch of the third vein
oblique, terminating in the costa. Length 5-6 mm.

Three specimens. The antennz are about as long as
the dorsum of the thorax.

CEROPLATUS.

Bosc., Actes de la Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de Paris, i., 1, 42,
1792.

1. Ceropbatus longimanus, n. sp. (Pl. VII., fig. 12, wing.)

¢. Mesonotum with yellow and black stripes. Abdomen black,
with yellow lateral spots. Length 6 mm.

Face yellow, very narrow. Palpi and first two jvints
of the antenne yellow; remainder of the antenne dark
brown. Antenne about as long as the dorsum of the thorax.
Front narrow, the sides gently convex, black, except on the lower-
most portion ; the two large ocelli about equidistant from each
other and from the margins of the eyes. Occiput black. Thorax
yellow; the dorsum with three broad black stripes, enclosing two
narrow yellow stripes, which are convergent posteriorly ; the
median stripe enclosing a slender yellow stripe, which does not
reach beyond the middle ;:a large rounded spot on the mesopleur,
another below it on the mesosternum, and the sides of the meta-
notum, dark brown or black, the middle of the metanotum
brownish ; scutellum brown. Abdomen slender, cylindrical, dark
brown ; each segment, save the first and last, with an elongate
yellow spot on each side, reaching two-thirds of the way to the hind
margin ; genital organs yellow. Coxe light yellow, the hind pair
with a brown spot ; femora yellow, the base of the middle and
hind pairs brown ; tibize yellowish-brown ; tarsi brown ; no bristles
en the front femora ; front metatarsi about two and a-half times

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 259

the length of the tibix ; middle metatarsi a fourth or a third
longer than the tibize ; the hind pair scarcely longer; hind tibie
with two spurs. Wings tinged with brownish ; the anterior branch
of the third vein runs into the costa.

One specimen. “Cliff over mountain stream, under
overhanging rock, Sept. 1000 feet.”—H. H. Smith.

NEOGLAPHYROPTERA.

Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., p. 10, 1878, vice Glaphy-
roptera, Winnertz, Pilzmiicken, 145 (781), 1863
(preoc.).

1. Neoglaphyroptera nitens, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 13,
wing.)

3, ¢. Mesonotum shining black ; wings infuscated. Length
4+ mm.

Front black or blackish, yellow on the lower part. Face yellow.
Antenne blackish, the basal joints yellowish, about as long as the
thorax. Mesonotum, scutellum, and metanotum shining black, the
bristles of the same colour. Pleurz yellow in front ; reddish-
brown behind. Abdomen slender ; shining black or deep brown,
the proximal segments in front yellow or yellowish ; venter yellow.
Tuberculum of halteres black. Coxee yellow ; femora nearly of the
same colour ; hind femora at the tip blackish; tibize brownish-
yellow; tarsi brown ; front tibiz shorter than the metatarsi ;
middle tarsi nearly a half longer than their tibiz ; hind tibixw and
tarsi of nearly equal length. Wings infuscated, the apex tinged
with blackish; a brown spot at the origin of the cross-vein.
Middle and hind tibiz with stout spurs,

Six specimens. 1000-1500 feet. In some of the
specimens the face is brown, the front wholly black, the
posterior part of the pleurz black, and the abdomen, for
the greater part, of the same colour. The species must
be nearly related to N. ventralis, Say, but the infuscated
wings and the absence of a distinct terminal fascia, seem
atuple to distinguish them.

2. Neoglaphyroptera concinna, n. sp.
9. Mesonotum reddish-yellow. Length 4 mm.
Antenne about as long as the thorax, brown or blackish, the
basal joints yellow. Front and face, lke the thorax, reddish-

yellow. Bristles and very short hair of the thorax black. Abdo-

260 Professor Williston on the

men reddish-yellow ; each segment with a large, subtriangular,
black spot, the base directed posteriorly and the apex reaching
nearly or quite to the anterior margin ; last segment wholly black.
Legs yellow, the tarsi brownish ; front metatarsi longer than the
tibiz ; middle tarsi a third longer than the tibiz ; hind tarsi of
about the same length as the tibiz. Wings tinged with brownish ;
an indistinct band across the outer part, and a similar spot at the
base of the anterior forked cell.

Four specimens.

Manora, n. g.

Head flattened, placed rather high as regards the thorax ; face
and front broad, the antenne situated high up, directed upwards
and forwards ; composed of sixteen joints closely united, the basal
joints a little differentiated from those of the flagellum. Three
ocelli of nearly equal size, situated near the vertex, in a gently
curved line, the lateral ones about as far from the inner borders of
the eyes as from the middle one. Palpi composed of three joints,
elongate, the terminal joint slender and directed angularly back-
wards. Dorsum of thorax moderately convex ; scutellum with short
bristles. Abdomen slender, flattened cylindrical. Femora stout,
flattened ; front and middle tibiz witb one, the hind tibize with
two spurs ; hind tibiz and metatarsi with a row of short bristles
on the outer side ; all the tibize without long bristles ; coxze elongate.
Wings longer than the abdomen ; auxiliary vein rudimentary ; the
first vein terminates before the middle of the wing; third vein
not furcate ; fourth vein wanting, save the distal portion of its
branches ; fifth vein furcate near the basal portion of the wing ;
the costa extends a considerable distance beyond the termination
of the third vein.

As in the following genus, the proximal portion of the
two outer veins is so wholly obliterated that it is impos-
sible to trace them.

1. Manota defecta, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 14.)

é. Antenne brown, densely pubescent, reaching nearly to the
middle of the abdomen if bent backward. Face and front
brownish-yellow. Mesonotum reddish or yellowish-brown, finely
white pubescent. Pleure a little lighter coloured. Coxe and
femora light yellow, the middle coxe near the upper part witha

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 261

small, oval, black spot: tibiae yellow. the tarsi more brownish.
Abdomen brown or blackish above. Wings tinged with brownish-
Leugth 2-24 mm.

Six specimens.
PRoBOLEUS, n. &.

Proboscis more than half of the length of the body, slender,
directed downwards and forwards, composed of five slender
bristles ; palpi wanting. Antennz sixteen-jointed, compressed,
the joints closely set together ; first two joints only a little
differentiated from the others. Head composed almost wholly of
the eyes; face very narrow ; front narrow below ; eyes pubescent.
Thorax strongly convex, nearly bare, a few short bristles on the
sides. Scutellum small, with about six small bristles. Abdomen
slender, elongate, longer than the wings ; male organs composed of
a pair of simple, fleshy forceps. Four anterior legs very slender ;
hind legs stouter and much elongate, the femora thickened, and
the tibize clubbed. Neuration defective; third vein entirely
separated from the first, and without anterior branch ; proximal
portion of the fourth and fifth veins wholly invisible ; sixth vein
complete. The costa reaches a considerable distance beyond the
tip of the third vein.

This genus is remarkable in the apparently entire
absence of the palpi. The closest examination of our
three specimens has failed to reveal any trace of them.
The labium, or sheath for the other mouth-parts, is
quite rudimentary. In the wings there is not the
faintest trace of the proximal portions of the fourth and
fifth veins; those portions that are present are by no
means weak. An equally minute examination fails to
show the ocelli, though I will not be positive that they
are not present. The presence of tibial spurs, the
moderately elongate coxie, and the general relationship
to other species of the family, especially Gnoriste, seem
to prove the correct location of the genus here.

1. Proboleus sinqularis, n.sp. (Pl. VILL., figs. 15, wing ;
15a, head ; 15), mouth-parts ; lic, hypopygium.)

¢. Front, face and occiput black. Antenne brown, the basal

joints somewhat yellowish. Mesonotum opaque deep reddish-

brown, the humeri and postalar callosities yellowish. Pleure

brown or yellowish-brown, shining. Abdomen black, the first

262 Professor Williston on the

segment and a posterior band on the second, third and fourth
segments yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, lightly
clouded on the outer part. Legs, including cox, light yellow ;
the tarsi and the thickened portion of the hind tibiz infuscated
or blackish. Length 4-5 mm.

Three specimens. “ Forest, 1800 feet, west slope of
Sonfriere, Sept. 23.’—H. H. Smith.

NEOEMPHERIA.

Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., 1878, p. 9, vice Hmpheria,
Winnertz, Pilzm., 102 (738), 1863 (preoc.).

1, Neoémpheria maculipennis, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 16,

wing.)

¢. Wings with brown markings; anterior branch of third
vein situated 2 little beyond the furcation of the fourth vein.
Length 5 mm.

Antenne about as long as the head and thorax together ; the
basal joints light yellow, the remainder with a brownish tinge.
Palpi brown; front and face yellow; mesonotum, except the
lateral margins, light brown, with black hair and bristles ; indis-
tinctly striped ; moderately shining. Pleurze, coxe and femora
light yellow. Scutellum, except at its base, light yellow, and with
two bristles on its margin. Abdomen light yellow, each segment
with a large black or brown spot, not reaching the hind margin,
Tibie and tarsi yellow, but appearing blackish from the abundant,
short, black hair; front tarsi more than twice the length of their
tibie. Wings nearly hyaline, with the following markings : the
tip of the subcostal cell and the submarginal cell beyond the
anterior brancb of the third vein, and the proximal end of the
first posterior cell, brown ; a more distinct brown spot clouding
the costal cross-vein, the basal section of the third vein, the base .
of the first posterior cell, and, more diffusely, along the posterior
branch of the fourth vein, to connect with a spot running from
the first posterior cell into the hindmost posterior cell ; a smaller
brownish spot in the axillary angle; costal and subcostal cells
yellowish ; costa produced beyond the tip of the third vein;
auterior branch of the third vein situated a little beyond the
furcation of the fourth vein.

Four specimens. 1000 feet.

ho

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 63

ScIOPHILA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1., 245, 1818.

1. Sciophila diluta,n. sp. (Pl. VIIL,, fig. 17, wing.)

¢@. Reddish yellow ; abdomen brown. Length 3 mm.

Antennz about as long as the head and thorax together, some-
what compressed ; light brown, the basal joints yellow. Front and
face brown or brownish-yellow, palpi brown. Thorax, cox and
femora reddish or luteous yellow; mesonotum brownish-yellow,
with black hair and bristles. Abdomen brown or yellowish-brown,
with black hairs. Tibix: brown ; tarsi blackish ; front metatarsi a
trifle shorter than their tibie ; hind tarsi scarcely longer than the
tibie, Wings tinged with brownish ; the costal vein terminates at
the tip of the third vein ; first submarginal cell very short; fur-
cation of the fifth vein very nearly opposite the origin of the third

vein.

Two specimens.

PHTHINIA.

Winnertz, Pilzmiicken, 143 (779), 1865.

1. Phthinia fraudulenta, n. sp. (Pl. VII., fig. 18, wing.)

¢. Brown or blackish and luteous ; wings hairy ; the auxiliary,
first and third veins with distinct, short, bristly hairs. Length
24-3 mm.

Antenne brown or blackish, the basal joints somewhat vellowish ;
the joints of the flagellum closely set together, somewhat com-
pressed. Front and face black or brownish-black. Mesonotum
reddish-brown, shining, with black hair ; pleura and coxe yellow.
Abdomen reddish-brown or blackish, black at the tip; venter
yellow. Legs yellow, the tarsi brownish, becoming black at the
tip; spurs of tibie stout; hind tibie with two rows of spines ;
front metatarsi distinctly shorter than their tibie ; hind tarsi
longer than their tibie., Wings tinged with blackish, due to the
easily perceptible pubescence.

T'wo specimens.

264 Professor Williston on the

MyYceropui.a.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 263, 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
1, Vein between the outer part of the first basal cell and the
second basal cell thickened. . . . . . nodulosa, n. sp.
Vein at outer part of first basal cell not thickened.
2. Hind metatarsi distinctly shorter than the remaining

iw

joints together. . . . 2 = . ensuplens, 0. Sp.
Hind metatarsi about as loa as ine following joints
together 2). "a. Bs eee ck ee OLOS gS po

1. Mycetophila insipiens, n. sp. (Pl. VIL, fig. 19, wing.)

¢. Antenne about as long as the thorax, yellow ; brownish
toward the end. Front and face yellow. Mesonotum yellowish-
red. Abdomen reddish-yellow ; each segment broadly brown on
its posterior part. Legs, including the cox, light yellow ; front
tabi about one-third of the length of the tarsi, and shorter than
the metatarsi ; middle tibize with two large and one small bristles
on the inner side; middle and hind tibie with spines on the outer
side ; hind metatarsi distinctly shorter than the remaining joints
of the tarsi together. Wings tinged with yellowish ; a small
brownish cloud on the basal section of the third vein. Length
23 mn.

Six specimens.

2. Mycetophila dolosa, n. sp.

3. Antenne brown, somewhat compressed, the basal joints
yellowish. Front and face brown. Mesonotum dark brown,
opaque, with a thin yellowish sheen in some reflections. Abdomen
dark brown or black, the venter yellow Pleure yellowish-brown.
Coxe and legs light yellow, the tarsi appearing blackish from
the hair ; front tibie less than half of the length of the tarsi, and
a little longer than the metatarsi ; hind tibie with two rows of
spines on the outer side; middle tibize with spines on tbe inner
side ; hind metatarsi nearly as long as the following joints together.
Wings tinged with brownish, Length 23-3 mm.

3. Mycetophila nodulosa,n.sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 20, wing.)
6. Antenne brownish-yellow, the basal joints yellow ; longer
than the head and thorax together. Front and face light

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 265

ochraceous yellow. Palpi brown. Mesonotum light ochraceous
yellow, lightly white pruinose on the sides, and with blackish and
yellow hair. Pleurz brownish-yellow. Abdomen reddish-brown ;
pubescence chiefly black. Legs yellow, the cox and femora hght
yellow, the broad hind femora at the tip brown. Front tibize about
one-third of the length of the tarsi, and shorter than the metatarsi ;
middle tibize with spines on the inner side ; hind tibiz with two
rows of spines on the outer side. Wings lightly tinged; the outer
part of the first section of the fourth vein, the anterior cross-vein,
and the base of the second of the third vein, thickened, forming a
straight spindle-shaped mass. Length 24 mm.

Six specimens.

ScIARA,.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 263, 1803.
TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. First longitudinal vein reaching as far as the furcation of

the fourth vein . . . A Bee
First longitudinal vein not reabhing as ae as he re Eon
of fourth vein. . . , Ab

2. Insertion of third donetaainal vein nearer i he tip of
the wing than is the tip of the posterior branch of

thefourth vein . . . . germana, nD. sp.
Insertion of the third and itie posterior branch of the
fourth vein equidistant from the tip of the wing . . 3
eblackispecies).y 2) ss cahan ene a) 4 a CONCHA, ND. Sps
Yellow species . . : ee Ets

4. Furcation of the fifth sin iat veins beyond the
anterior end of the cross-vein, the angle very acute,
the prefurca more than one-half of the ie of the
sixth vein. . . aed

Furcation of fifth and ih veins Oppesite, or Razor the
origin of the cross-vein, less acute, the prefurca less

than one-half the length of the sixth vein. . . . . 6
5. Mesonotum shining black . . . . . . . | debilis,n. sp.
Mesonotum yellow and brown . . . . .~ delectata, n. sp.

6. Anterior branch of the anterior furcation strongly curved
forward in its basal portion. . . . . sygoneura, n. sp.
Anterior branch of the usual’form. .-. . . .+ .% 7
@. Yellow or yellowish-red species . \ . . . . 2-3’. . Sp.

Black species 29. s wet 5 ee ss egtialia, ne ap.

266 Professor Williston on the

- 1. Sciara germana, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, fig. 21, wing.)

&, 9. Head black, opaque, thinly greyish dusted. Antenne
black, with white pubescence ; first joint of the flagellum some-
what yellowish. Thorax and halteres black ; mesonotum moderately
shining, with three rows of short black bristles ; pleurze whitish
dusted. Abdomen black or deep brown, venter on the sides
yellow or red in the female ; male forceps large. Legs pitchy
black. Wings blackish in front and along the veins, the cells
posteriorly subhyaline. The first vein reaches a little beyond the
furcation of the fourth vein ; the third vein reaches nearly to the
tip of the wing. Length 5-7 mm.

Numerous specimens. It is possible that this is the
same as S. nigra, Wiedemann, but the description is too
brief to afford any certainty that such is the case. It is
evidently closely related to S. thomex, of Kurope. The
origin of the third vein is a little before the middle of
the first vein.

2. Sciara concinna, n. sp.

¢. Front below the eyes and the face, brownish-red ; vertex
and occiput black, somewhat shining. Antenne black, shorter
than the abdomen ; basal joints yellowish ; proximal joints of the
flagellum with black pubescence, that of the distal joints whitish.
Thorax black ; humeri yellowish ; mesonotum moderately shining.
Abdomen black, with black hairs ; venter yellow. Coxe and femora
yellow ; tibize brownish ; tarsi black. Wings uniformly smoky or
blackish ; origin of the third vein a little before the middle of the
first, which reaches as far as the furcation of the fourth vein;
prefurea of fourth vein distinctly longer than the anterior branch ;
tip of the third and of the posterior branch of the fourth veins
equidistant from the tip of the wing. Length 23-3 mm.

Numerous specimens. ‘The male differs only in having
the antenne as long as the body.

3. Sciara debilis, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 22, wing.)

¢d. Vertex shining black, with black hair; front and face
reddish-brown ; palpi yellow. Antenne as long as the body,
luteous yellow, but obscured by the black pubescence. Thorax
light yellow, except the mesonotum and scutellum, which are
shining black ; humeri luteous. Abdomen black, with black hair ;
hypopygium yellowish. Coxe and femora light yellow ; tibiz and
tarsi brown. Wings smoky ; the third vein arises from beyond the
middle of the first vein, which does not reach as faras the furcation

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 267

of the fourth ; tip of third and of the posterior branch of the fourth
vein equidistant from the tip of the wing; prefurca of fourth
vein longer thamits branches ; furcation of fifth vein beyond the
origin of the anterior cross-vein, acute. Knob of halteres brown.
Length 2} mm.

Light specimens.

4, Sciara delectata, n. sp.

@. Antenne black, with grey and black pubescence, the scape
and first one or two joints of the flagellum yellow. Front and
face brownish-yellow, the occiput yellow. Thorax yellow, the
mesonotum with two elongated brown spots, and a median, less
conspicuous brown stripe. Abdomen yellow ; each segment with
a broad brown posterior band ; hypopygium large, light yellow, the
forceps brownish. Legs light yellow, the tarsi infuscated. Wings
nearly hyaline ; neuration nearly as in S. debilis, Length 2 mm.

Six specimens. Sea level, 1000.

5. Scvara, sp.

@. Light yellow ; bristles and hair black, rather strong.
Each segment of abdomen with a broad, posterior, dark-brown
band. Tarsi infuscated. Wings nearly hyaline; the first vein
terminates nearly opposite, or a little before the furcation of the
fourth vein ; the third takes its origin a little beyond the middle
of the first vein; tip of third and the posterior branch of the
fourth vein nearly equidistant from the tip of the wing. Length
3 mm.

One specimen ; antennze wanting.

6. Sciara zygoneura, n. sp. (Pl. VIII, fig. 23, wing.)

g. Occiput and vertex shining black; front below the
eyes, and the face, opaque black. Scape and first three or four
joints of the flagellum yellowish ; distal three joints white, with
white pubescence ; remaining joints black, with black pubescence.
Thorax black ; mesonotum shining, with two rows of short black
bristles ; scutellum shining black, with bristles on its border.
Venter and first two segments of the abdomen yellow ; remainder
of abdomen black or deep brown with yellow incisures ; ovipositor
black, lamellz yellowish; knob of the halteres brown. Legs
yellow, including the coxe ; terminal joints of the tarsi blackish ;
the tarsi and tibiz obscured by short black hairs. Wings lightly
brownish ; origin of third vein near the outer fourth of first vein ;

268 Professor Williston on the

termination of first vein at some distance before the furcation of
the fourth ; prefurca of fourth vein about as long as the posterior
branch ; anterior branch strongly curved forward in its anterior
portion, as in species of Zygoneura, Length 2 mm,

Hight specimens. ‘There are not more than one or
two joints of the flagellum which are yellow in some
specimens; apparently, also the number of white joints
at the tip may be limited to one. The humeri are some-
times red. The abdomen, when not drawn out, appears
almost wholly black in some specimens.

ZYGONEURA.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 304, 1830.

1. Zygoneura sciastica, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL, figs. 24,
wing ; 24a, part of antenna.)

@. Dark brown, or blackish brown, opaque. Antenne as
long as the body, its pubescence in some reflection grey. Legs
luteous yellow ; tibize infuscated ; tarsi blackish. Wings nearly
hyaline ; neuration as in the figure. Length 1-15 mm.

One specimen.

SIMU LIIDA.
SIMULIUM.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., xiv., 294, 1804.
1. Simulium tarsale, n. sp. (Ple* VIM, figs. 25,

wing; 25a, front tarsus of 2.)

¢. Abdomen black, the proximal segments opaque, the distal
four segments shining. Length 2 mm.

Front and face black, with a light grey reflection. Antenne
yellow ; the distal joints somewhat brownish. Mesonotum deep
black ; in front, opaque with a silvery shimmer, and with sparse,
short, curly, golden-yellow tomentum ; behind, shining. Pleurse
black, whitish pruinose. Abdomen black, the basal segments
opaque, the distal four segments somewhat shining, and witha
delicate whitish pruinosity. Legs reddish-yellow; tarsi black,
except that the proximal half of the middle and hind metatarsi
light yellow ; first and third joints of the front pair each with two
long hairs ; second and third joints of the same pair. dilated, the

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 269

fourth and fifth very small; hind metatarsi elongate and stout,
the following two joints a little dilated, the fourth and fifth
small. Wings hyaline, veins yellow.

Three specimens.

BIBIONIDAH.
SCATOPSE.
Geoffroy, Hist. Nat. d. Ins., i1., 545, 1764.
1. Scatopse pygmxa. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 26, wing.)
Scatopse pygmxa, Loew, Centur., v., 13.

Hab. District of Columbia.

dé. Black, but little shining, the margins of the mesonotum,
the scutellum, the pleurz in part, femora in part, knob of haltercs,
and tip of abdomen somewhat lighter coloured or brown. The
tibize in part, and the tarsi, yellow or yellowish. Antennz black,
stout, the joints closely united, and gradually increasing in width
to very near the tip. Wings greyish hyaline, the anterior
thickened veins dark brown, the others light yellowish ; the short
veins do not reach nearly to the middle of the wing ; the short
prefurca of the forked cell takes its origin nearly opposite the
connecting cross-vein of the subcostal cell; the branches of the
forked cell are very long and strongly curved away from each
other near the margin of the wing. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. Loew’s description agrees well with
this specimen, still, the identity cannot be positively
stated without comparison of specimens from the United
States.

BLEPHAROCERIDA.
PaLtosToma.
Schiner, Verh. Zool.- Bot., Ges., 1866, p. 981.

1. Paltostoma schineri, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 27, wing ;
27a, hypopygium ; 275, head of ¢.)
3. Mesonotum without black spots. Length 2}-3 mm., of
wings 5-6 mm.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParT im. (serr.) 19

270 Professor Williston on the

Front yellow or yellowish-red ; in width a little less than one-
third of the head ; facets of the eyes uniform in size. Antenne
brown or blackish, finely pubescent, composed of thirteen joints,
of which the first two are swollen, and the third somewhat dilated.
Palpi small, for the most part concealed. Proboscis nearly four
times as long as the vertical diameter of the head. Eyes pube-
scent. Thorax yellow or yellowish-red, the mesonotum a little
darker in front, the pleure with patches of silvery lustre.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments more or less yellowish.
Legs yellow, the femora with blackish bands on the distal half,
the tarsi blackish towards the tip ; hind tibiz with spurs. Wings
pure hyaline.

lour specimens. ‘The present species, though seem-
ing to agree closely in its structural characters with
P. superbiens, Schiner, differs, aside from the markedly
smaller size, in the absence of black spots on the
mesonotum. It is not at all improbable that our
specimens are conspecific with those mentioned by
Osten Sacken (Cat. Dipt., 1973, 17,218) as occurring in
Mexico.

Sackeniella, n.n.—Since the appearance of my paper
(Kansas Univ. Quart., i., p. 119) in which I described a
new genus of this family, I have discovered that the
name Snowia, there used, has been previously employed
for a genus of Lepidoptera. I here therefore substitute
Sackeiiella in honour of Dr. C. R. Osten Sacken.

CULICIDA.

MEGARRHINA.
Rok. Desvoidy, Essai, etc., in Mem. de la ‘Soc. d’Hist.
nat. de Paris, 11., 412, 1827.
.
1. Megarrhina portoricensis. (Pl. VIII, fig. 28, head
of ¢ ; 28a, wing.)
Megarrhina portoricensis, Roeder, Stett. Ent. Zeit.,
1885, p. 337.—Porto Rico.

Two specimens, male and female. Sea level.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 271

AADES.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i., 18, 1818.

1. Ades pertinans, n. sp. (Pl. VIII., figs. 29, antenna;
29a, hypopygium.)

¢,@. Face, basal joints of antennz and base of proboscis yellow-
ish ; antenne and proboscis otherwise nearly black, the former
only a little more hairy in the male than in the female, the
terminal joint of the male only a little longer than the preceding
ones. Mesonotum brown, thickly covered with dark brown
squamule ; pleuree yellow, with white tomentum, Abdomen deep
brown, with brown squamule ; venter yellow, with white squa-
mulz ; male forceps small, yellow. Legs deep brown ; the femora,
and, ina less degree, the tibiz showing the yellow ground-colour
on the underside. Wings nearly hyaline ; veins uniformly brown
squamulate. Length 3 mm.

Six specimens. Sea level and 1000 feet.

2. Afdes perturbans, 3, ¢. (Pl. VIII, fig. 30, head of ?.)

&, 9. Head black. Antenne brown; plumosity of. the male
long, abundant and black ; terminal joint as long as the seven or
eight preceding it together, and clothed with short hair ; in the
female the joints are more slender, and the terminal one is not
longer thin the two preceding it taken together, the verticils of
moderate length, Proboscis black, as long as the abdomen ; palpi
brown. Thorax yellow, the mesonotum a little darker, and
clothed with brown squamule. Abdomen yellowish, brownish-
yellow or brown, the terminal segments and the hy popygium
brown or blackish ; clothed above with brown squamule. Legs
brown or blackish, the femora, for the most part, yellow, and
with a purplish or greyish reflection in some lights; in some
specimens the tibixe largely yellowish beneath the tomentum.
Veins of the wings uniformly dark-brown squamulate. Length
4-5 mm.

Eight specimens.

H#MAGOGUS, n. &.

Allied to Avdes. Palpi short in both sexes ; five-jointed, the
first and fifth small, the second nearly as long as the third and
fourth together. Anterior claws of male inequilaterally uni-
pectinate ; of the female simple.

272, Professor Williston on the

1. Hemagogus splendens,n. sp. (Pl. 1X., figs. 31, head
of 2; 3la, palpus; 31), claw of ¢ ; 3lc, wing.)

@. In ground-colour deep black, the base of the femora, and
the coxee in part, somewhat yellowish, Occiput, mesonotum and
scutellum wholly covered with brilliant green and coppery squa-
mule ; pleuree densely snow-white squamulate. Abdomen brilliant
steel-blue, in some reflections black; a spot on the sides of each
segment snow-white. Legs blue, like the abdomen, shining black
in some reflections ; the undersides of the femora, towards the
base, with white squamule. Wings hyaline, somewhat brownish
in front, squamule black, evenly distributed. Length 5 mm.

hight specimens. 1000 feet. The single male
specimen was injured after the drawings were made. It
does not appear to differ, however, from the female. The
colouring must be much like that of Culex cyaneus, save
of head and thorax.

CuLex.

1. Culex mosquito.

Oulex fasciatus, Wiedemann (nec Fabricius), Auss.
Linens); 12, 0

Culex mosquito, Rob. Desvoidy, Culicides, etc., 390 ;
Guerin et Percheron, Genera, etc., Dipt., pl. i,
fig. 1; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 7..35; F. Lynch,
A., Dipt. Argent. Culicide, 69, pl. in, fig. 1.

‘Culex frater, Rob. Desvoidy, Culicides, ete.

A single female specimen, to which Lynch’s descrip-
tion applies well, and whom I follow in the above-quoted
synonymy. That OC. fasciatus, Fabricius, is different
from C. fasciatus, Wiedemann, seems evident, but that
the present species is the same as the latter is not so
fully apparent to me. Wiedemann says that “ An den
vordern Fusswurzeln ist die aisserste Basis der ein-
zelnen Glieder schneeweiss,” while it 1s only the first
joit that is thus marked in this species.

2. Culex, sp.

Several specimens of a luteous species, which are too
ill-preserved to describe.

ho
~J
wh)

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies).

CHIRONOMIDA.
CHIRONOMUS.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11., 260, 1893.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Front metatarsi not more than one-and-a-half times the

length of the front tibie . . . Poe a
Front metatarsi two or more times the fonath of ihe tibie. 2
Ze Wingsespouted « . 2 = 4. 2 6 = . = splopterus, nm. sp,
Wings not spotted. . . . . . dnonymus, Q. sp.

3. Dorsum of thorax yellow, arti be own stripes forming
AVS a 5 6 5 5p 2 6 6 6 COGIC, Ws 150:
Dorsum not so mar eed Pee) 5 Se eros) i eg ek
4. Dorsum of thorax with dark brown apotat . étnnocuus, n, Sp.
Dorsum yellow, or brownish yellow, not ae, oy ark ie
Se Wholly light yellow “3 Ss 4s 42 =. 3 ee PES ORO
Abdomen brown or black . . . . . . . . lugubris, n. sp.

1. Chironomus spilopterus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 32, wing.)

¢, 9. Face and front yellowish brown. Basal joint of antennz
brownish-yellow ; flagellum brownish, the plumosity of the male
blackish grey. Mesonotum brown or yellowish-brown, lightly
whitish dusted ; in well-preserved specimens brown vittate on the
sides, and in front in the middle. Pleurz black, in part luteous.
Scutellum yellow or yellowish-brown. Abdomen black, with
yellowish hair ; in the male, slender ; in the female, broader, and
with a whitish posterior margin to the segments. Legs yellow,
with rather abundant yellow hair; femora in part brown or
brownish ; front tibiz not more than one-half of the length of the
front metatarsi. Wings whitish hyaline, with pale blackish spots,
which are more distinct when seen obliquely, and situated as
follows: One near the base, another near the middle, and a third
near or at the tip of the first posterior cell ; a streak near the
middle, and a spot near the tip of the cell in front of the forked
cell ; a spot on the posterior branch of the furcation, and one or
two in the anal angle. Length 13-2} mm,

‘Enght specimens.

274 Professor Williston on the

2. Chironomus anonymus, n. sp.

¢. Head red, or reddish-yellow, the front more yellow.
Antenne brown, the first joint red ; plumosity at the tip blackish.
Mesonotum light brownish-red ; two stripes and the humeri
yellow ; scutellum light yellow. Pleurw light brownish or reddish-
yellow. Metanotum brown. Abdomen blackish, the first segment
and the distal part of the next two or three segments yellow or
yellowish. Legs yellow ; the immediate tip of the tibize and the
tip of all the tarsal joints dark brown; proximal end of the front
tibiae also brown ; front tibiz about one-half of the length of their
metatarsi, and not longer than the second joint. Wings nearly
hyaline. Length 4-5 mm.
3. Chironomus longimanus,n. sp. (Pl. 1X., fig. 35, wing.)

¢. Head yellow. Antenne, save the basal joint, black or deep
brown, the plumosity greyish-black. Thorax light yellow; a
blackish-brown stripe, running from in front of the root of each
wing, and joining in the middle in front, forming a \/-shaped figure;
below these stripes the sides of the mesonotum are of a purer
yellow ; the metanotum and a spot below the halteres blackish.
Abdomen yellow ; a black band on the posterior margin of the
first and second segments; the fourth segment, the posterior, or
greater part of the fifth segment, and the hypopygium, black or
dark brown. Legs yellow ; the base and tip of the four posterior
femora, and the proximal end of their tibie brown ; front legs
much elongate, the metatarsi about one-fourth longer than their
tibia. Wings nearly hyaline. Length 3-4 mm.

Numerous specimens,

4. Chironomus lugubris, n. sp.
¢. Similar to Ch. longimanus, but differs in lacking the brown
stripes of the mesonotum, which is uniformly light yellow, in the
abdomen being uniformly brown, and in the femora being wholly
light yellow. Length 3-4 mm.

Six specimens.

5. Chironomus innocuus, n. sp.

¢. Head and basal joints of the autennex light yellowish ; palpi
brown ; antenne brown. Thorax light yellow ; mesonotum with
a broad brown stripe in the middle in front, and, on either side,
an oval brown spot, the three separated, aud the middle stripe

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 275

bisected, by a slender yellow stripe. Scutellum light yellow.
Metanotum brown; halteres brown. Abdomen black, with black
hair ; the seventh and eighth segments light yellow, with yellow
hair. Legs light yellow; the extreme tip of the four posterior
tibize black ; distal joints of the front tarsi’ infuscated, as also the
front tibie ; front metatarsi about one-third longer than their
tibie. Wings hyaline. Length 3-4 mm.

6. Chironomus, n. sp.

3. Light yellow, the antennz brownish, and, rarely, the pos-
terior part of the abdomen also brownish. Extreme tip of the
four posterior tibiz black ; front metatarsi about one-fourth longer
than their tibie. Wings hyaline ; anal angle only feebly indicated.
Length 2-24 mm.

OkTHOCLADIUS.
Van der Wulp, Tijdschr. voor Entom., xvi., Ixx., 1874.
1. Orthocladius debilis, n. sp. (Pl. 1X., fig. 34, wing.)

g. Red orreddish-yellow. Plumosity of the antennz brownish-
black. Mesonotum with three shining brown spots or stripes,
narrowly separated. Abdomen slender; each segment with a
brown posterior band. Legs yellow ; front femora brown on the
distal end; front tibiz light yellow on the proximal half or two-
fifths, dark brown on the distal portion, about one-third longer
than the corresponding metatarsi ; front tarsi infuscated ; the four
posterior femora somewhat infuscated distally. | Wings hyaline.
Length 23-3 mm.

TANYPUS.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 261, 1803.

1. Tanypus flaveolus, n. sp.

g. Posterior forked cell not petiolate ; wings hairy; front
metatarsi nearly as long as their tibie. Light yellow ; antenne
brownish, the plumosity grey ; abdomen somewhat infuscated to-
ward the tip; legs light yellow throughout, with rather abundant
light yellow hair ; wings hyaline, clothed moderately densely with
grey hair. Length 14-2 mm.

276 Professor Williston on the

2. Tanypus indecisus, n. sp. (Pl. 1X., fig. 85, wing.)

4, 2. Wings hairy ; posterior forked cell not petiolate ; front
metatarsi shorter than their tibie. Head and basal joint of the
antennz reddish-yellow; palpi and the remainder of the antennze
brownish-yellow ; antennal plumosity of the male grey, towards
the tip blackish. Thorax reddish-yellow; bare, opaque, with three
slender, reddish-brown stripes in front, separated by ashy intervals ;
on each side posteriorly with an elongate brown spot, the middle
of which is ashy ; scutellum light yellow ; metanotum brownish-
red, Abdomen slender ; opaque brown, the posterior angles and
borders of the segments ashy; the yellow of the venter some-
times encroaches upon the brown of the dorsum; sixth and
seventh segments more distinctly yellow ; the seventh and eighth
segments with the posterior portion blackish. Legs yellow, less
hairy than in 7. flaveolus. Wings hyaline, moderately hairy.
Length 13-2} mm.

CERATOPOGON.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11., 1803.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Two subcostal cells, that is. the third vein is either con-
tiguous or connected by a cross-vein with the first
vein ;

One subcostal cell ; Whe ‘mince vein is distinctly eoraented
from the first “throughout its course, and is not con-

oN)

nected with it by a cross-vein Z,
2. A small, round, black spot just back of the ie of thes
third vein™. ">. 2 2/5) Son 2 3. “puncipennis.n-isp,
No Suchispots. 2.0.) 7: . . « venustulus, n. sp.
3. Metatarsi shorter than ae following Seine wings hairy. . 4
Metatarsi much longer than the following joint. . . . . 6
4, Antenne not longer than the mesonotum ; wings densely
hairy. 35 = . . . eriophorus, n. sp.
Antenne distinctly ones dan ene neon tay 2 . &
5. Abdomen banded; hind metatarsi about one-half i
length of the following joint . . . propinquus, n. sp.

Abdomen not banded ; hind metatarsi about one-third the
length of the following joint; tarsi very slender
flavus, n. sp.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 277

6. The posterior branch of the fourth vein arises before the

origin of the anterior cross-vein ; wholly deep black,
longicornis, N. Sp.

The fureation of the fourth vein occurs beyond the cross-

vein i ees ok oe ee |
7. Wings bare, or ee at the cn ake ee i a a eee
Wings hairy throughout, ormearlyso . .... -. . 213
8. Black species ; mesonotum ae bee oe) gee Near shies me Sp:
Mesonotum not shining . . c : 5 Uw

9. Abdomen opaque black, eat a “sleate eller meds n
stripe and incisures. . =. . : « « - lturatus, n. Sp:
Abdomen without distinct markings. . . Sed)

10. Wings with distinct markings; first and third veins iaiee
tuctly, separable ay see Chess che) a eel
Wings without distinct markings. . . ae) SCQUGL, Ne Sp:

11. Wings with three blackish spots along the costa, the other
markings pale or obsolete. . . . «| « s@ecorms Spr

One blackish spot on the costa at the tip e the first vein,
the other markings distinct . . . . Br

12. Dorsum of thorax light opaque yellowish . Piiebetsnes n. sp.
Dorsum of thorax with numerous, rounded, dark brown

spots on a yellowish-grey ground . . maculithorux, ©. sp.
13. Deep black; mesonotum shining. . . . . pygmcus, 0. sp.
Thorax yellow or brownish-yellow . . . . . . lotus, n. sp.

1. Ceratopogon maculithorax, n. sp. (Pl. IX.,

wing.)

ch

©

for)
Ne

@. Wings hairy at the tip; third vein contiguous with the
first, terminating at or near the middle of the wing ; fourth vein
with a prefurca, though indistinct ; metatarsi as long as the fol-
lowing joints together. Proboscis, palpi. face, front and basal
joint of antennze yellowish-brown; proboscis slender ; second
joint of palpi thickened. Antenne yellow, not as long as the
thorax. Mesonotum opaque yellowish-grey, with numerous, small,
rounded, dark-brown spots on a yellowish-grey ground, hair not
abundant or long, yellow. Scutellum yellow on the sides, brown
in the middle. Halteres light yellow. Pleurz black and luteous,
lightly greyish pruinose. Legs yellow; all the femora, and the
front and hind tibiz with a broad blackish ring; the immediate
tip of the femora also blackish. Wings with pale brown markings
with hyaline or whitish spots and streaks ; a spot at the tip of the
first and third veins blackish. Length 2 mm.

One specimen.

278 Professor Williston on the

2. Ceratopogon pygmexus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 37, wing.)

@. Shining black ; wings hairy ; first and third veins closely
approximated, terminating before the middle of the wing. Meta-
tarsi nearly as long as the following joints together. Black ;
antennze brown ; scutellum and halteres yellow, genital organs and
legs luteous. Mesonotum shining. Abdomen opaque. Wings
hyaline, sparsely hairy. Length 1 mm.

Three specimens. Sea level.

3. Ceratopogon venustulus, n. sp. (PI. IX., figs. 38,
wing; 38a, front leg ; 38), palpus. )

9. The third longitudinal vein terminates in the costa
towards the tip of the wing, distinctly separated from, and not
connected by a cross-vein with, the first longitudinal vein ; front
femora with spines on the inner underside ; claws not denticulate,
and without pulvilli ; wings bare. Deep black. Antenne reddish-
brown, slender ; if turned backward, reaching about to the middle
of the mesonotum. Mesonotum deep shining black, Abdomen
opaque, black, elongate. Halteres black. Legs black ; the base
of the femora, and the tibiz more or less yellowish; first two or
three joints of the tarsi yellow or luteous ; hind tibiz with fine,
not very long, black hairs on the outer side ; metatarsi slender, as
long as the three following joints together. Wings nearly hyaline,
bare. 14-15 mm.

Five specimens. Sea level. May. In one of the
specimens, the legs are yellow throughout, but [ do not
distingaish other differences. It is possible that this
species is the same as C. trivialis, Loew, but the
difference in size and the colour of the tarsi render
the identity doubtful.

A, Ceratopogon punctipennis,n. sp. (PL. IX., fig. 39, wing.)

d, 2. Wings bare ; one subcostal cell, the third vein is well
separated from the first, and terminates beyond the middle of the
wing ; prefurca of fourth vein obsolete or nearly so; first joint of
the tarsi elongate, fourth short, fifth elongate ; pulvilli wanting.
Plumosity of the male antennz yellow ; terminal joints in both
sexes black, the basal joint reddish, Face and proboscis dark
brown ; palpi slender, the second joint clongate. Thorax black ;
mesonotum opaque, with whitish pubescence, variable in different
lights. Abdomen deep brown or black, with a whitish, variable

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 279

pruinosity. Femora and tibie yellowish-brown or reddish-brown ;
tarsi yellow, the tip of each joint brown or black ; all the femora
on the upper side distally, and all the tabi on the outer side,
most conspicuous in the hind pair, with black bristles. Wings
nearly hyaline ; a rounded blackish spot back of the third vein at
its tip, and a smaller one nearly opposite on the fourth vein.
Length 3 mm.

5. Oeratopogon eriophorus, n. sp. (PI. IX., figs. 40,
tarsus ; 40a, antenna; 400, palpus.)

g. Wings densely hairy ; the third vein scarcely distinguishable
from the first. and terminating before the middle of the wing;
metatarsi about one-half of the length of the following joint,
the last joint not elongate; pulvilli’ hairy. Face, antenns
and palpi brown or black ; second joint of the latter much
thickened, the third slender. Antenne yellow, somewhat infuscated
distally. Mesonotum dark-brown or black, opaque, and with
abundant, light-yellow hair; scutellum like the mesonotum.
Halteres light yellow ; pleuree yellowish-brown. Abdomen stout,
dark brown, the incisures narrowly yellowish ; clothed with light-
yellow hair. Legs yellow, with abundant, rather long, yellow hair.
Wings hyaline beneath the dense, dark-coloured hair. Length

3-2 mm.

Four specimens. 1000-1500 feet.
6. Ceratopogon propinguus, Nn. sp. (Cede EDS ities RL

tarsus ; 41a, wing.)

¢. Wings hairy ; the third vein terminates about the middle
of the wing, and is indistinctly separated from the first vein ;
fourth vein with a prefurea, though indistinct ; first tarsal joint
about one-half of the length of the second joint, the last joint not
elongated; pulvilli hairy. Head and antennz yellow, the latter
somewhat infuscated distally, the plumosity blackish-grey.
Second and third joints of the palpi enlarged. Metanotum opaque
brown, more yellow-sh near the middle in front ; rather thickly,
light-yellow, hairy. Abdomen slender, with abundant, and long,
yellow pile ; anterior segments yellow, with a broad black band,
which becomes successively broader till the last segments are
wholly black. L:gs yellow, with long yellow hair ; the tip of the
middle and hind femora, at least, and the proximal end of their
tibie blackish. Wings nearly hysline beneath the rather abundant
hair, Length 2; mm.

One specimen.

280 Professor Williston on the

7. Ceratopogon flavus, nu. sp. (Pl. IX., figs. 42, wing ;
42a, tarsus.)

¢. Wings hairy ; the third vein terminates distinctly before
the middle of the wing, and is very close to the first vein ; fourth
vein with a prefurca, though indistinct ; first joint of the tarsi
about one-third of the length of the second joint, the fifth a little
shorter than the fourth: pulvilli hairy. Face, proboscis, palpi,
and antenn yellowish, the last brownish toward the extremity ;
the plumosity blackish-grey. Thorax yellow, the mesonotum
brownish-yellow, opaque, with light-coloured hair. Abdomen
slender, in large part brown or blackish, its base and tip yellow ;
hair of the venter long. Legs yellow, with long yellow hair ; the
tarsi a little infuscated. Wings hyaline beneath the hair, Length
2 mm.

Ten specimens. Sea level, and 1000 feet.

8. Ceratopogon longicornis, n. sp. (Pl. IX., figs. 43,
wing ; 43a, antenna.)

¢. Wings bare; the third vein jterminates in the costa much
beyond the middle of the wing; two submarginal cells. The
posterior branch of the fourth vein arises before the anterior cross-
vein ; femora without spines. Antenne slender, much elongate,
if turned back, reaching to near the middle of abdomen, the distal!
four joints nearly equal in length to all the preceding
together. Mesonotum deep shining black throughout; pleurve
lightly pruinose. Abdomen elongate, shining. Legs black or deep
reddish-brown ; femora not,thickened ; metatarsi slender, as long
as the three following joints together. Wings nearly hyaline,
narrow, with no perceptible anal angle. Length 13-2 mm.

Three specimens. 500 feet.

9, Ceratopogon thersites, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 44, wing.)

¢. Two subcostal cls; the third vein terminates beyond
the middle of the wing; wings bare; prefurca of the fourth
vein very short; first joint of the tarsi elongate, last joimt
not elongate ; pulvilli hairy. Abdomen black, not shining,
elongate, yellow at tip {and on the venter. Thorax black or
reddish-brown, the Fmesonotum shining moderately through the
sparse yellowish pubescence or pollen. Legs yellow ; the tarsi
blackish at tip. Wings hyaline. Antenne brown or blackish,
yellowish at base. -Palpi and proboscis brown. Length 3—} mm,

Hight specimens. Sea level, and 1000 feet.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 281

10. Ceratopogon lituratus, n. sp.

2. Two subcostal cells ; the third vein terminates beyond the
middle of the wing; prefurca of fourth vein short ; wings a little
hairy on the distal margin ; first joint of the tarsi much longer
than the second, the last joint not elongate. Proboscis yellow ;
labium brown; face elsewhere, basal joints of the antenn, and
the frontal triangle, yellow. Antennz brown or blackish on the
distal portion, yellowish on the proximal part ; about as long as
the mesonotum, Occiput yellow. Mesonotum opaque brown, the
humeri and sides in front, the post-alar callosities, and the
scutellum, light yellow ; halteres light yellow. Abdomen opaque
blackish-brown ; the first segment, except a small spot on each
side, the last segment, and a slender median stripe and the narrow
posterior margin of each segment, light yellow. Legs yellow.
Wings hyaline. Length 1 mm.

Four specimens.

11. Ceratopogon decor, n.sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 45, wing.)

9. Wings sparsely hairy ; the third vein terminates a little
beyond the middle of the wing, and only a short distance from the
tip of the first vein ; fourth vein with a prefurca ; metatarsi
longer than the following joint ; pulvilli hairy. Antenne yellow,
somewhat longer than the mesonotum ; face, proboscis, and palpi
brownish-yellow. Mesonotum brownish-yellow, opaque ; the
humeri, pleure, and a part of the scutellum light yellow ; pleure,
in part, black. Abdomen black, with yellowish incisures. Legs
yellow ; all the femora at the tip, and a median ring on the hind
pair, black Wings nearly hyaline, with three blackish spots along
the costa, one at the outer part of the subcostal cell, another near
the middle of the first posterior cell, and the third, less distinct,
across the middle of the costal and first basal cell ; posterior part
of the wings with paler markings, which, however, become distinct
when seen obliquely. Length 11-2 mm.

Three specimens.

12. Ceratopogon phlebotomus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., figs. 46,
wing ; 46a, palpus.)

@?. Third vein very close to the first, terminating in the costa
about the middle of the wing ; wings infuscated, with whitish
spots, hairy at the tip; metatarsi distinctly longer than the
following joint, about as long as the next two or three together ;
pulvilli wanting. Antenne, face, proboscis and palpi black or

282 Professor Williston on the

dark brown, the antennz not as long asthe thorax. Thorax black ;
mesonotum opaque yellowish pollinose, with three slender
indistinct lines; in the middle behind, whitish; pleure lightly
whitish pruinose. Abdomen opaque black, the anterior segments
somewhat luteous ; the posterior margin of the segments very
narrowly whitish, perhaps due to the drying. Legs luteous.
Wings rather broad, tinged with brownish, leaving six or seven
rounded, hyaline or whitish spots in the cells; tip of the costal
cell blackish. Length 1-13 mm,

Four specimens, one of which bears the following
label, apparently in Mr. H. H. Smith’s handwriting :
“This is the common ‘sand-fly’ about the southern end
of the island, but is not very troublesome. Bites late
in the afternoon, before sunset; sometimes during the
heat of the day.”

13. Ceratopogon lotus, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 47, wing.)

¢. Two subcostal cells ; the third vein unites with the costa a
little beyond the middle of the wing; wings hairy ; metatarsi as
long as the three following joints together. Antenne brown, yel-
lowish towards the proximalend. Proboscis yellowish. Mesonotum
brownish yellow, with yellowish hair. Abdomen black or brownish
black. Legs yellow, a little infuscated towards the tip of the tarsi ;
with light coloured hair ; pulvilliwanting. Wings hyaline beneath
the light coloured pubescence ; posterior branch of the fourth vein
indistinct in its proximal part. Length 1-1; mm.

Two specimens. 1000 feet.

14, Ceratopogon sequax, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 48, wing.)

¢. Two subcostal cells ; the third vein terminates distinctly
beyond the middle of the wing ; wings bare ; prefurca of anterior
fork short ; metatarsi as long as the two following joints together.
Antenne dark-brown; yellowish on the proximal portion, the
plumosity yellowish. Palpi and _ proboscis yellowish-brown.
Thorax brown, the scutellum and sides of dorsum more yellowish ;
only a little shining. Abdomen slender, dark brown. Legs
luteous or yellow, with long hairs on the tibie. Wings hyaline.
Length 13 mm.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 283

PSYCHODID.
PsyYcaopa.
Latreille, Precis, etc. 1796.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
1. Wings with small dark spots at the tips of the veins,

alternata, Say.

Wings not with dark spots at the tips of the veins . . . 2
2. Black or dark brown, with dark hair . . . antennalis, n. sp.
bightryellow, with whitehair 35. 2 2.) 4 3 kil) 2
3. Wings very narrow, lanceolate . . . . angustipennis, n. sp.
Wings'of the usual shape G9. 9.) = « . pallens n. sp.

1, Psychoda alternata. (Pl. IX., fig. 49, wing.)

Psychoda alternata, Say, Long’s Exped., App., 358 ;
Compl. Wr., 1., 242; Wiedemann, Aus. Zw. Ins.,
1,23; Williston, Entom. News, iv., 114; Banks,
Can. Entom., xxvi., 330.

Hab. New England States; Pennsylvania; South
Dakota; Kansas.

A single, injured specimen seems to belong to this
species, though I cannot be sure of the identity without
examining better preserved specimens.

2. Psychoda antennalis, un. sp.

g. Black or dark brown, with dark hair. Antenne stout, the
joints moniliform, about as long as the thorax. Wings with a
distinct picture formed by the hairs, which are black, save an apical
white fringe, and two subconfluent spots of the same colour beyond
the middle on the outer side of two spots of denser black hair. Front
legs black, the base of the metatarsi and the middle joints white.
Length 1-1; mm.

3. Psychoda pallens, n. sp. (PI. IX., figs. 50, hypopy-
gium ; 00a, wing.)

4. Wholly light-yellow, with white or yellowish-white hair.
Hair of the wings not long; at the tip a minute blackish spot ;
furcations approximated to the base of the wing. Antenne
rather slender, not as long as the mesonotum, with rather long

verticellate hairs. Legs moderately long; tarsi rather stout.
Length 1-1; mm,

284 Professor Williston on the

4. Psychoda angustipennis,n. sp. (PI. 1X., fig. 51, wing.)

@. Yellow, with nearly white hair. Wings very narrow,
acutely lanceolate, covered uniformly with long black hair ; a small
tuft of white at the extreme tip ; another larger one on each side
beyond the middle, and yet another toward the base on the pos-
terior margin ; hair on the posterior margin long and abundant.
Antenne light-yellow, about as long as the mesonotum ; sixteen-
jointed, the basal joints darker, the following ones slender.
Thorax and abdomen light reddish-yellow, the hair of the
abdomen slightly intermixed with blackish, Legs rather stout,
light-yellow ; the terminal joints of the tarsi somewhat infuscated.
Length 1-1} mm.

PERICOMA.
Walker, Ins. Brit., 11., 256, 1856.
1. Pericoma albitarsis, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 52, wing.)

f, ¢. Black or brown, with black or dark-brown hair. All the
tarsi white. Antenne slender, rather Jonger than the thorax ;
brownish-yellow or brown, sixteen-jointed. Palpi elongate. Hair
of the wings uniform in colour and uniformly distributed ; that
along the hind border rather short. Terminal joints of the tarsi
rather short, slightly infusecated. Length 1-14 mm.

Ten specimens.

TIPULID ZA.

GERANOMYIA.

Haliday, Ent. Mag.,i., 154, 1833.

1. Geranomyia pallida, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 53, wing.)

g, 2. Front and vertex brownish-yellow, whitish pruinose.
Antennz brown, the basal portion more or less yellow. Rostrum
yellowish at the base, brownish on the distal part; nearly as long
as the thorax and abdomen together. Thorax and abdomen light-
yellow, the mesonotum in some specimens yellowish-red. Knob of
halteres yellow. Legs yellow. Wings hyaline ; stigma distinct,

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 285

brownish ; termination of the auxiliary vein at a distance beyond
the origin of the second longitudinal vein about equal to the length
of the first section of the third vein, Length 5 mm.

Three specimens, leeward side, and at an altitude of
1000 feet.

2. Geranomyta, sp.

9. Yellowish-red, the mesonotum with three, rarely distinct,
slender, brownish stripes. Antenne somewhat infuscated. Head
black, whitish pruinose. Antennz yellowish, or yellowish-brown.
Proboscis black. Legs red; the tarsi luteous. Wings nearly
hyaline ; stigma small, distinct; the auxiliary vein terminates
opposite the origin of the second longitudinal vein. Knob of
halteres brown. Proboscis as long as theabdomen. Length 5mm.

Six specimens.

3. Geranomyta rostrata.
Limnobia rostrata, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
iu., 22; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., i., 35.
Geranomyia rostrata, Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. 1859, 207 ; Monogr., etc., iv., 79.

Hab. Atlantic States; Canada; Cuba.

''wo specimens, male and female, which agree fairly
well with Osten Sacken’s description and observations.
The brown stripes of the dorsum of the thorax are well
marked, but the tip of the tibiz is not black, and there
are but four brown spots along the front border of the
wing, as Wiedemann describes.

Raipivia.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1., 153 (122), 1818.

1. Rhipidia bipectinata, n. sp. (Pl. IX., fig. 54, wing.)

g. Antenne long, bipectinate; thorax without brown
stripes ; wings clouded, unspotted. Length 5 mm.

Rostrum palpi and antenne black, the last long-bipectinate,
beginning with the second joint of the flagellum. Mesonotum
light opaque yellow in front ; in the middle, in front of the suture,

brownish; behind the suture, with two large brown spots.
Pleure brown ; a longitudinal, more blackish stripe, just below

TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1896.—PparT ui. (serr.) 20

286 Professor Williston on the

the root of the wings. Metanotum brown, yellowish on the sides.
Abdomen dark brown, the forceps reddish. Halteres with a
brown knob. Legs brown, the base of the femora yellowish.
Wings nearly uniformly clouded with blackish, the stigma darker ;

termination of the auxiliary vein nearly opposite the proximal
end of the submarginal cell.

One specimen. 1000 feet. In this specimen the

anterior cross-vein is situated nearly opposite the middle
of the diszal cell.

2. Rhipidia unipectinata, n.sp. (PI. 1X., fig. 55, antenna. )

¢. Brown spots along the anterior border of the wing ; antennw
long-unipectinate ; halteres brown; thorax with a brown stripe and
a lateral brown spot. Length 5 mm.

Rostrum, palpi and antenne black. Flagellum of antenna,
except the terminal joints, unipectinate, the pectinations beginning
with the first joint and increasing in length to the seventh. Thorax
yellow; the dorsum with a median brown stripe, and, on
either side behind, a rounded yellow spot, leaving a yellow space
between them ; these brown spots are continued on the scutellum,
enclosing a small yellow spot. Pleurz with a slender, longitudinal
brown stripe. Halteres brown. Metanotum brown. Abdomen,
brown, the venter yellowish. Legs brown, the femora lighter
coloured toward the base ; second, third, and fourth joints of the
hind tarsi light yellowish. Wings with a blackish tinge, with
inconspicuous darker clouds along the anterior margin and on the
cross-veins ; before and beyond the dark-brown stigma, a rounded,
more hyaline spot ; apical portion of the costa more distinctly

clouded ; insertion of the auxiliary veina little beyond the middle
of the prefurca.

One specimen. 1000 feet.

3. Rhipidia costalis,n. sp. (PI. 1X., fig. 56, antenna.)

é. Antenne bipectinate; thorax not striped; costa with
brown spots or clouds. Length 5 mm.

Palpi, rostrum and antenne black, the latter bipectinate, but
the pectinations shorter and more slender than in PR. bipectinata.
Thorax brownish-yellow, the mesonotum opaque yellowish-red,
with a spot in front, and two behind the suture, faintly brownish.
Knob of halteres brownish. Abdomen reddish, with brown
posterior borders to the segments ; forceps red. Legs brown ; the

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 287

tip of the slightly clavate femora yellow ; base of femora yellowish.
Wings tinged with brownish; four large brown spots or clouds
along the costa, the outermost one confluent with a brown cloud
at the origin of the third vein; the outer cross-veins with brown
clouds, and the distal costal portion more distinctly clouded ; be-
tween the brown spots along the costa, the intervals are more purely
hyaline ; termination of the auxiliary vein at or before the middle
of the prefurca.

Two specimens. 1500 feet.

4. Rhipidia subpectinata, n. sp. (PI.IX., fig. 57, wing ;
Fl. X., fig. 57a, antenna of 2.)

$-. Antenve subpectinate in both sexes. Mesonotum con-
spicuously lighter coloured oa the sides; wings with small dark
spots. Length 4 mm.

Head ochraceous yellow. Antenne yellow, slightly brownish
at the tip. Palpi brown or blackish. Mesonotum on the upper
surface yellowish-brown, or brownish-yellow, forming a long,
subtriangular figure, the margins of which are dark brown ; just
outside or below this line, conspicuously light yellow, extending
in a nearly equal width from the root of one wing to that of the
other ; below the light yellow band, near the upper part of the
thorax, a narrow, longitudinal, nearly black stripe. Scutellum
and metanotum light yellow ; the former with two spots, the latter
with a median stripe and a lateral spot pale brown. Legs yellow,
the two or three terminal joints of the tarsi black. Wings nearly
hyaline, with small brown spots, as shown in the figure.

Two males and two females. 1000 feet. The female
scarcely differs from the male.

LIMNOBIA.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i., 92, 1818.

1. Limnobia insularis, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 58, wing.)

¢. First longitudinal vein recurved to the second near its tip :
femora without brown rings. Length 6 mm.

Front black. Antenne, palpi and rostrum brown. Thorax
brownish red, the mesonotum shining ; pronotum long, somewhat
lighter coloured ; mesonotum with inconspicuous, narrow, brown
stripes. Abdomen and halteres dark brown. Wings infuscated,
strongly so along the costa distally. Legs dark brown, the tarsi
more yellowish, except the terminal joints, which are blackish.

One specimen. 1000 feet.

288 Professor Williston on the

RHAMPHIDIA.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 281, 1830.
1. Rhampnidia albitarsis. (Pl. X., figs. 59, wing ;
59a, hypopygium.)
Rhamphidia albitarsis, Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent.
Zeitschr., xxxi., 184, 1887.
Hab. Porto Rico.

Two specimens male and female agreeing well with
ae 5) yi Ae
the description.

ELEPHANTOMYIA.
Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859.
1. Hlephantomyia longirostris, n. sp.

g. Proboscis about one and a-half times the length of the
body ; wings with a brown stigma and brownish clouds along the
cross-veins. Length of body 6 mm, of proboscis 8} mm.

Head yellow. Proboscis very distinctly longer than the body,
finely pubescent. Antenne brownish-yellow ; basal joints yellow,
the verticils black. Thorax yellow; a rather broad, brownish
stripe along the middle, and a shorter, similarly coloured one on
each side. Halteres yellow. Abdomen light yellow, with a broad,
brown band on the posterior part of each segment ; forceps
brownish. Wings lightly 'tinged with brownish ; with distinct
brownish or brown clouds along the distal part of the costa, and
along the cross-veins. Legs yellow; femora brown at tip ;
neuration as in FL. westwoodi, O. 8.

This species is evidently closely allied to the type of
the genus, and I at first believed that it was the same,
but the more elongate proboscis and the brownish clouds
of the wings seem sufficient to separate them.

ATARBA. °
Osten Sacken, Monogr., etc., iv., 127, 1868.
1. Atarba puella, n. sp. (PI. X., figs. 60, wing;
60a, hypopygium.)

4, @. Antenne short and slender, not as long as the meso-
noium, the first two joints thickened ; in the male, the following
joints slender, and each, except the distal ones, with two long
hairs. Front, and basal joints of the antennz yellow, the re-
mainder of the antennze and the palpi brown. Thorax ycllow,
the mesonotum brown, the metanotum brownish. Abdomen

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 289

brownish-yellow, the male organs more yellowish. Legs brownish
throughout, the tarsi finely pubescent. Wings nearly hyaline ; no
stigma. Length 3-4 mm.

Twelve specimens. This and the following species
differ from the type of this genus, as described by Osten
Sacken, in the stracture of the antenne and in some
peculiarities of the neuration, but the differences will not
justify generic separation. Both species have distinct
empodia, and there appears to be a minute spur on the
middle tibiee.

2. Atarba pleuralis, n. sp. (PI. X., figs. 61, antenna ;
6la, b, genitalia ; 61c, wing.)

¢, @. Front yellow. Antenne and palpi blackish. Meso-
notum brownish-red ; the colour in shape of an elongated triangle,
the base of which is the scutellum ; the lateral margins of the
mesonotum show a slender, dark-brown stripe; immediately below
which the colour is light yellow, extending over the dorso-pleural
suture. Pleure dark-brown, with a longitudinal stripe above the
base of the coxe ; or, the pleure may be otherwise described as
having two dark brown stripes enclosing a light yellow one.
Abdomen brownish-red, with a narrow, dark-brown band on the
posterior margin of each segment, and with a median, indistinct
brownish stripe. Coxe light yellow; femora yellow, with a
brown ring just before the light yellow tip, which: colour ex-
tends narrowly on the base of the tibie ; tibize and tarsi brown.
Wings tinged with brown ; stigma dark-brown ; the marginal cell
is shorter and wider than in sl. puella. Length 4-5 mm.

Six specimens.
‘TEUCHOLABIS.
Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859.
1. Teucholabis complera. (PI. X., fig. 62, wing.)

Teucholabis complexa, Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat,
Sci. Phil., 223, 1859; Monoger., etc., iv., 129.
Hab. District of Columbia; New York ; Illinois.

Sixteen specimens. The description of this species
applies so well to these specimens that there can be but
little doubt of the identification. The brown stripes of the
mesonotum are only feebly indicated in most of the speci-
mens ; the posterior part of the abdominal segments is
yellow, and the tibiz are brownish.

290 Professor Williston on the

2. Teucholabis annulata, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 63, wing.)
&, ¢. Front black ; palpi brown; rostrum and first joint of
the antenne yellow; flagellum brown or black. Mesonotum
shining, with three broad, more or less confluent, shining, deep
broad stripes, the middle one not reaching the suture, the lateral
ones not extending far in front of it ; elsewhere the meso.otum,
like the scutellum and anterior part of the metanotum, is ligkt
yellow. Pleurze dark yellow or brown ; when seen obliquely, with
a silvery sheen. Posterior part of metanotum brown. Abdomen
yellow, with a broad brown band on the anterior part of each
segment. Legs yellow; all the femora brown at the tip, and with
a brownish ring beyond the middle; all the tibize and the first
three tarsal joints brown at the tip, the last two joints of the tarsi
black. Wings hyaline ; the stizma and a cloud at the end of the
costa—sometimes obsolete—brown. Length 7-8 mm.

Twelve specimens. In one female the abdomen is black,
with a narrow yellow posterior margin to the segments ;
: : ml
in others brown, with a broader yellow border. The
neuration is very much like that of 7’. complexa; both the
second and third veins are curved less, and the second
vein extends further towards the tip of the wing.

ELLIPrera.
Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vii., 222, 1863.

1. ? Hlliptera, sp. (PI. X., figs. 64, wing ; 64a, genitalia.)

¢. Head brownish, or browaish-yellow, including rostrum and
palpi. Antenne yellow, the first two joints red. Mesonotum
brownish grey, with four narrow, brownish stripes ; humeri and
sides of prothorax light yellow. Pleurz yellow, obscurely brown-
ish in places. Abdomen light luteous yellow. Legs yellow ; the
tip of femora, tibiz, and the distal joints of the tarsi brownish.
Wings hyaline ; stigma faintly brown. Length 5 mm.

One specimen. The present species can hardly be a
true Hlliptera, because the anterior veins do not show
the approximation characteristic of that genus, but it
seems to agree in all other respects. The antenne are
sixteen-jointed, the joints oval in shape; the thorax is
gently convex, the pronotum small, the abdomen is
elongate, etc. The neuration is shown in the figure.
‘There are no spurs to the tibie.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 291

DIoTREPHA,
Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., xxvii., 1878.

Wings very slender; great cross-vein near their proximal third ;
three pesterior cells; no discal cell. Antenne sixteen-jointed,
simple. Rostrum projecting, nearly as long as tho head. Neck
slender. Mesonotum but little convex, elongate and slender ;
metanotum elongate. Legs slender, distinctly pubescent ; tibiae
without spurs. Abdomen very slender; male forceps obtuse ;
upper valve of ovipositor smal! and gently curved.

1. Diotrepha mirabilis, (Pl. X., figs. 65, wing; 60a,
hy popygium. )
(?} Diotrepha mirabilis, Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt., 1878,
p. 220.

¢, 2. Proboscis, palpi, and entenne brownish, Antennee
microscopically pubescent, and with verticils of short hairs ; in
length the antennee would reach to about the suture, if bent back-
wards. Thorax yellowish-brown, or brownish-red. Abdomen
yellowish-brown, the posterior margins of the segments, or, the
posterior segments, wholly brown ; in some specimens the abdomen
is deep brown throughout. Legs tight yellow ; the tibize and the
tarsi more nearly white ; the tip of all the femora and tibie dark-
brown. Wings nearly hyaline; a fringe of hairs along the
posterior margin. Length of body, 7 mm. ; of wings, 5 mm.

Hab. St. Vincent, Georgia, Texas, Cuba.

Hight specimens. ‘‘ This species is abundant in forest
glen, 1000 feet, near a stream, Sept. Alights on the
lower side cf leaves.’—H. H. Smith.

2. Diotrepha concinna, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 66, wing.)

9. Differs from 7°. mirabilis in the darker colour, the proboscis,
palpi, and antennez being blackish ; in the legs being light yellow,
and in the absence of the brown tip to femora and tibie ; and in
the neuration as shown in the figure. The wings are uniformly
and distinctly tinged with brown. Length 6 mm.

One specimen. Sea level.

Moncoma.
Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 364.

Antenne sixteen-jointed, if bent backward, reaching about to
the base of the wings ; second joint a little shorter than the first,

292 Professor Williston on the

both thickened ; the following joints slender, distinctly separated,
finely pubescent. Rostrum rounded, a little prolonged, but
shorter than the head ; palpi inserted towards its base, rather
slender, the ultimate joint shorter than the penultimate, the two
together about equal to the antepenultimate joint. Front rather
narrow ; vertex but little developed. Legs very long and slender,
finely pubescent; tibize without spurs; ungues simple; no
empodia. Male forceps not large, in the dry specimen showing
two obtuse, fleshy lobes. Valves of the ovipositor small, slender,
arcuated. Auxiliary vein nearly as long as the first longitudinal
vein, joining the costa in an acute angle ; the subcostal cross-vein
at some distance before the tip. The second longitudinal vein
arises at some distance before the middle of the wing, with a
strong curve backward ; nearly opposite the distal end of the
discal cell, it gives off an oblique branch to the costa ; marginal
cross-vein long and oblique, sometimes joining the proximal end
of the anterior branch. The beginning of the third vein in the
same straight lne with the first section of the second vein,
terminating in the fourth vein at the proximal end of the discal
cell. Anterior cross-vein wanting. Anal cell narrowed in the
margin. Seventh vein very short.

This singular genus is remarkable, if my interpreta-
tion of the neuration is correct, in the entire absence of
the first posterior cell, the second submarginal cell
lying in contact with the discal cell and the second
posterior cell, through the absence of tre small cross-
vein and the greater part of the third vein. It is difficult
to see how there can be any other interpretation, as the
branch of the second vein that takes the place of the
small cross-vein cannot possibly be that cross-vein, for,
in that case, it would arise from the second vein—an
impossibility. *urthermore, this interpretation seems
probable from a study of the neuration in Paratropesa,
where the first posterior cell begins at the outer end of
the discal cell. The relationship seems to be with that
genus, but I cannot agree with Osten Sacken in con-
sidering the anterior branch of the second vein an
adventitious cross-vein. ‘There are two submarginal cells
present, as in Gonomyia. Aside from the fact that there
are only three posterior cells present, which may or may
not be a generic character, the shortness of the seventh
longitudinal vein is sufficient for the separation of the
genus,

Dintera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 293

The foregoing, without change, was written in the
belief that our specimens represented a new genus. A
more careful search of the literature, however, revealed
to my surprise the congenerousness of the species,
especially M. albitarsis, Dol., included in the genus
Mongoma. 'The species hitherto made known—seven or
eight in all—are from Java, Sumatra, the Philippine
Islands, Borneo, Madagascar, and Southern Africa.
Its occurrence in the western continent is of great
interest.

1. Mongoma manca, n. sp.

é, @. Front and basal joints of the antenne brownish red ;
flagellum of antennz and the palpi brown or black. Thorax, light
browunish-red, the metanotum sometimes a little darker, and the
pleurze more yellow. Halteres yellow. Abdomen brown or
brownish-red, the terminal segments more reddish. Legs brownish;
base of femora and the distal joints of the tarsi more yellowish.
Wings nearly hyaline ; stigma small, rounded, brownish. Length
7-8 mm.

Six specimens. Forest, 2000 feet, July.

2. Mongoma pallida, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 67, wing.)

4, %. Wholly light yellow, the front and outer joints, the
antenne, only, brown or brownish; the legs a little darker. Wings
pure hyaline, with light-coloured veins ; no stigma; the distance
between the junction of the marginal cross-vein and the origin of
the anterior branch of the second vein greater than in M. manca,
nearly as great as the length of the anterior branch itself. Length
5 mm.

Four specimens. 1000-1500 feet. In addition to
the smaller size, much lighter colour, and more hyaline
wings, the species will be readily distinguished by the
shorter outer submarginal cell. In the present species,
its inner end, in all the specimens, is opposite the inner
end of the second posterior cell; in M. manca the
proximal end is, in every case, at a considerable disiuuce
proximad to that of the posterior cell.

294 Professor Williston on the

ERIOPTERA.

Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 1803.

1. Krioptera caloptera.

Lirioptera caloptera, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil,
i., 17; Compl. Wr., 11., 44; Wiedemann, Auss.
Zw. Ins., 1.. 28; Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat.
ser Phil), 1899; 2265) Monoghr,.iv:, aol pl, ive,
1d I).

Hab, Atlantic States; Kansas ; Colorado; Canada ;
Caba.

One specimen, which scarcely differs from others
from Kausas.

2. Lrioplera annulipes, n. sp.

Q. Legs conspicuously white and black annuJate. Length
o-35 mm.

Head brown or blackish. Antenne brown, not longer than the
mesonotum. Thorax and abdomen yellowish-brown, the latter
posteriorly more yellow. Legs conspicuously white and dark-
brown annulate, the femora, t. bie, and tarsi each with three brown
rings ; a fourth brownring on the femora is more or less indistinct.
Wings nearly hyaline, the costa with four brown spots intercalated
with as many white ones; the outer posterior margin also with
alternating white spots.

Two specimens.

EPIPHRAGMA.

Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859.

1. Epiphraqma sackeni, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 68, wing.)

¢. Head black in ground-colour, opaque yellowish-grey polli-
nose ; brown on the lower part of the broad front. First two
joints of the antenne brown, the third and fourth yellow;
remainder of the antenne blackish; if bent back, the antennx
would reach about to the root of the wings. Mesonotum ocehra-
ceous, with slender, dark-brown markings. Metanotum deep brown
or blackish, somewhat darker than the pleure. MHalteres yellow,
the knob brownish. Abdomen dark brown, the venter yeilowish.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 295

Basal half of the femora yellow ; the distal part with two dark-
brown bands, and two, narrower, yellow bands, the second yellow
band at the tip ; tibiz and tarsi brownish, with a narrow yellow
band at the base of the tibia (middle and front legs wanting).
Wings with uniform brown spots, located as in the figure ; sepa-
rated from the infuscation of the rest of the wing by narrow,

hyaline, or light-yellow margins. Length 7 mm.

One specimen. 1500 feet.

TIPULA.

Linne, Anim. per Sueciam observata, 1736.

1 Tipula subinfuscata, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 69, wing.)

¢. @. Antenne black, or black and yellow ; wings uniformly
subinfuscated. Length 12 mm.

Antenne in the male black, the proximal three or four joints
yellow, about as long as the front femora ; in the female, yellow,
with the proximal end of the sixth and following joints black, and
only about as long as the mesonotum. Thorax light yellow, the
mesonotum brownish. Front, rostrum and palpi yellow, the last a
little brownish at the tip. Halteres brown. Abdomen reddish-
yellow, the lateral margins of all the segments, a part of the sixth
segment, and all of the seventh, black (in the female specimen the
abdomen is wanting). Legs yellow, the tip of the tibiw, and tbe
tarsi for the greater part, black. Wings uniformly tinged with
brown, the costal cell and the stigma pale brown.

I can find no description which will apply to this
species, though that of 7’. infuscata, Loew, will nearly
doso. The colour of the antennz in the female will at
once distinguish the two.

PACHYRRHINA.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., i, 88, 1834.

1. Pachyrrhina elegantula, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 70, wing.)

2. Stripes of the mesonotum brownish red, lateral margins
with three opaque black spots. Length 14 mm.

296 Professor Williston on the

Front and rostrum light opaque orange-yellow, the former with
an angular spot posteriorly, not continued into a stripe, subshining
bluish. Antenne yellow, the terminal joints brownish. Pro-
notum light opaque yellow in the middle, black on the sides ;
mesonotum opaque yellow, with light brownish-red, shining
stripes; the lateral ones curve strongly outward in front, and
terminating in an opaque black spot ; a similar spot just back and
below these, and a third velvety black spot immediately above the
root of the wings, extending narrowly into the suture. Scutellum
shining brownish-red. Metanotum yellow, with a stripe of the
colour of the scutellum, expanded triangularly behind. Pleure
light sulphur-yellow, with shining reddish spots. Abdomen light
opaque orange-yellow ; the first four or five segments with incon-
spicuous brownish bands. Knob of halteres brown. Coxe,
femora, and tibiz yellow, the two latter black at the tip; tarsi
black, the proximal joints somewhat yellowish. Wings with
a brownish-yellowish tinge ; costal ceil yellow; stigma pale
brown.

¢. Antenne darker, the basal three or four joints yellow.
Markings of thorax ; abdomen and legs somewhat darker.

One male and two females. ‘The species seems nearest
allied to P. consularis, O. S., but will be at once dis-
tinguished by the colour of the thoracic stripes and the
additional black spots.

POLYMERA.

Wiedemann, Auss., Zw. Ins., i., 57, 1828.

1. Polymera allitarsis, n. sp. (Pl. X., figs. 71, part of

antenna ¢; 7lu, antenna ? ; 71, wing.)

3d, 9%. Front, pa'pi and rostrum brown. Antenne brown, the
basal joints yellowish. Thorax brownish-yellow, the pleurz in
the middle blackish. Abdomen dark brown. Legs luteous, the
base of the femora yellow ; tarsi white, except the metatarsi of the
two anterior pairs, the proximal end of the second joint of the
same pairs, and of the metatarsi of the hind pair, which are
brown. Wings distinctly tinged with brownish. Length 6-7 mm.

Four specimens. Hitherto, only South American
species of this genus have been made known, from which
the present species seems distinct. ‘The male antennz

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 297

were originally described as having twenty-eight joints,
and the true number, sixteen, was not known till speci-
mens were examined by Loew. The joints in this sex
are very closely united, and it is only by close exami-
nation that the number can be made out. From
P. fusca, Wiedemann, and P. obscura, Macquart, which
seems to be a distinct species, the present appears to be
so closely allied, that the short descriptions will hardly
distinguish them. However, Wiedemann figures the
female antennz as elongate, like those of the males, but
with simple, not constricted joints. In the present
species, the female antenne are short, in fact not longer
than the thorax, and are of the ordinary Tipulid struc-
ture; that is, the joints are oval, slightly hairy, and are
easily distinguishable. The first joint is not cylindrical,
and is not provided with short, closely-set hairs, as is
described. The figure given by Macquart shows short
and abundant hairs on the swellings of the male
antennz, very different from the long, delicate hairs of
the present species.

Speecies IncErtTz SeEpIs.

Two species of Tipulide, represented by single, more
or less mutilated specimens, I cannot locate. I give
figures herewith, which will, | believe, render the identi-
fication not doubtful. One of them (PI. X., figs. 72 and
72a) possibly represents a new genus. The tip of the
antennz is broken off, otherwise the specimen is com-
plete. If the antenne are but 14-jointed, the species
would be located in Rhipidia, from which, however, the
structure of the male organs show distinct differences,
and the antennz are hardly sufficiently pectinated. If
there are sixteen joints, Schiner’s and Osten Sacken’s
tables will carry the species to Antocha. This genus and
Lhaumastoptera are almost the only ones in this group
which I do not know. Still, the neuration is sufficiently
distinct to render its location with Antocha practically out
of the question.

298 Professor Williston on the

DIXIDAi.

Drxa.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1., 216, 1818.

1. Diza clavulus, nesp. (Pl. X., fig. 73, wing.)

g. Head black, lightly greyish-pruinose ; palpi and rostrum a
little reddish. Antenne black, the basal joints somewhat reddish.
Thorax yellow, the mesonotum with three dark-brown stripes, the
median one abbreviated postcriorly, and divided by a slender line ;
the lateral ones begin a little before the termination of the median
one. Scutellum and mesonotum brownish-yellow. Abdomen dark-
brown. Legs brown or yellowish-brown: the tip of the hind
tibiz and their tarsi blackish; the femora, for the greater part,
yellowish ; hind tibiz thickened at the tip. Length of body 2 mm.,
of wings 3 mm.

Four specimens. This species must be closely allied
to D. clavata, Loew, from Massachusetts, and I was, at
first, inclined to identify it with it. It differs from the
description, however, in several important points. The
pleursze are immaculate yellowish, the legs are darker
coloured, and the wings are uniformly tinged with
brownish, not hyaline, with markings.

RHYPHID.
Ruyruvs.
Latreille, Nat. Hist., etc., xiv., 291, 1804.

1. Rhyphus dolorosus,n.sp. (Pl. X., fig. 74, wing.)

¢. Front and occiput black, somewhat greyish-pruinose.
Mesonotum yellow with three brown stripes; wings broadly
clouded on the distal and posterior margin, with two conspicuous
brown spots in front, and narrow brown clouds on the cross-veins.
Length of body 4 mm., of the wings 5 mm.

Fioat a little narrower below, the ocelli situated wholly in front
of a line drawn through the angles of the eyes. Face more
yellowish. Eyes reaching to the oral margin below. Palpi and
proboscis black. Antenne black, the two basal joints yellowish,
Mesonotum opaque yellow with three brown or brownish-red
stripes, the middle one abbreviated posteriorly the lateral ones in

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Da)

front ; bristles very short, hair-like. Pleurz yellow, with obscure
brownish spots. Metanotum and halteres yellow. Abdomen deep
brown or black, the basal segments with obscure yellow markings.
Legs yellow ; the tip of hind femora and tibiz, and the distal
joints of all the tarsi brown or blackish. Wings broadly clouded
with brown at the tip and along the posterior margin, the inner
portion subhyaline ; two dark-brown spots in the marginal cell,
separated by a yellow spot ; costal cell yellowish ; the cross-veins
with narrow, dark-brown clouds.

One specimen. Allied to ft. fenestralis, but differs in
tLe abdomen and wings.

STRATIOMYID.
SARGUS.
Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 566, 1798.
1. Sargus lucens.
Sargus lucens, Loew, Centur., vu., 11.—Cuba.

Six specimens.

Hermetia,
Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins., xiv., 338, 1804.
1. Hermetia illucens.
Musca illucens, Linné, Syst. Nat., 11., 979. (For re-
maining synonymy, see Osten Sacken, Cut. 46,
and Williston, ‘rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xv., 245.)
Hab. Southern United States; Mexico; Brazil; West
Indies.

Hight specimens. Quite like others from the United
States and Brazil.

PELAGOMYIA.
Williston, Manual. N. A. Diptera, 48, 1896.
1, Pelagomyia albitalus, n. sp. (PI. X., fig. 75, head
Of)
&. Front and face deep shining green, with long and abundant,
erect black hur. Eyes thickly pilose. Antennz black ; second

joint a little shorter than the first, the third joint about twice the
length of the first two together, gradually. tapering, the aunuli

300 Professor Williston on the

closely set together ; style distinctly differentiated, and extending
ai an angle with the third joint ; its first joint small ; second joint
thickened, spindle-shaped, finely and densely hairy, terminating in
a slender bristle about as long as the thickened portion of the
style ; altogether, the style is shorter than the third antennal
joint. Thorax shining metallic, deep green, with blue reflections
and erect black pile. Abdomen elongated, of equal width, black
or brownish black, the second, third, and fourth segments with a
narrow posterior margin of golden or silvery pubescence, forming
an interrupted band. Femora black ; tibia light yellow witha
broad brown ring beyond the middle ; the hind pair with the
distal two-thirds brown ; tarsi light yellow or yellowish-white, the
distal three joints of the four anterior ones, the tip of the meta-
tarsi, and the remaining joints brown or brownish. Wings hyaline
on the basal anterior portion ; clouded behind, and blackish on the
outer half. Length 9 mm.

Two males and one female. The female differs in being
of a larger size (12 mm.) in the absence of metallic
coloration, in the more reddish-brown colour of the
abdomen, and in the lighter coloured wings. It may be
an immature specimen. I at first identified this genus
as Chromatopoda, Brauer, but it will be at once distin-
guished by the structure of the second antennal joint.

AOCHLETUS.

Osten Sacken, Biol. Centr. Amer. Dipt., 38, 1., 1885.

&. Holoptic, the upper eye-facets moderately enlarged and
sharply distinguished from those of the lower portion. Antenne
situated a little below the middle of the eyes in profile, shorter
than the head; annuli of the third joint closely united, the first
one small and short, the sixth elongate and with several minute
bristles at the tip. Scutellum with two slender spines. Abdomen
slender, composed of five segments. Veins of the wings on the
outer posterior part weak or evanescent, the beginning of the
second and fourth ones arising from the discal cell apparent,
the first and third only faintly indicated by folds.

1. Aochletus bistriatus, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 76, antenna.)

¢@. Face black, moderately shining ; on either side silvery
pubescent. Antenne black ; the first and second joints, for the
greater part, reddish. Mesonotum black, moderately shining ;

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 301

finely pubescent ; with two yellow stripes, acuminate in front,
and connected with the yellow post-alar callosities behind.
Scutellum wholly yellow. Pleurz yellow, the mesosternum black.
Abdomen black or dark-brown, with a red band across each of the
three anterior segments. Legs yellow, the tarsi infuscated toward
the tip. Wings hyaline. Length 5 mm.

One specimen. 1500 feet.

CYPHOMYIA.
Wiedemann, Zool. Mag., i., 3, 55, 1819.

1. Cyphomyia lasiophthalma, nu. sp.

d¢. Eyes markedly pilose. The small vertical triangle black ;
frontal triangle and face shining metallic black, densely clothed
with white pile, intermixed with black hairs. Antenne black, the
base of the third joint red. The narrow inferior occipital orbits
white pubescent. Mesonotum shining violet-black, with three
stripes of white pubescence, and with long, erect, black pile. Scu-
tellum like the mesonotum, with long black pile and white pubes-
cence ; spines as long as the scutellum, somewhat divergent, reddish
at the distal end, and clothed with black pile. Pleurz with white
pile. Tegule yellow. Abdomen shining metallic blue, with erect
black pile, and four sharply marked, white pubescent spots.
Legs black ; the knees and base of hind metatarsi reddish ; four
anterior metatarsi, except their tip, light yellow. Wings nearly
hyaline.

¢. Antenne a little longer, the third joint about equal to half
the width of the head. Front and face shining blue-black, clothed
with close-lying, nearly white pile, the face nearly bare in the
middle. Occipital orbits a little broader than in the male, white
pubescent. Pile of mesonotum and scutellum dusky, that on the
spines white ; the spines are wholly of the colour of the mesonotum,
and are shorter than in the male. Abdomen, as usual, with six spots.
Length 7 mm.

Two specimens. 1500 feet. The species is allied to C.
marginata, Loew, one of the few known species with
long-pilose eyes. ‘The front of the female is narrow and
without elevations of any kind.

=

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT 1. (SEPT.) 21

302 Professor Williston on the

CHORDONOTA.
Gersteecker, Linn. Ent., xi., 311, 1857.
1. Chordonota leiophthalma, n. sp.

gd. Eyes bare, closely contiguous, the upper part with the
facets markedly enlarged, those of the lower half small, the two
sets separated by a distinct line. Occiput concave, wholly invisible
from the side. Ocellar triangle small, black ; frontal triangle
small, silvery, the silvery pubescence extending a little way along
the facial orbit. Antenne red, the upper margin and the distal
portion of the third joint black. Mesonotum black, with a strong
purple reflection, beneath the short, dense, black pubescence ; two
narrow. silvery, or light golden, pubescent stripes on each side, and
an indication of a fifth in the middle. Scutellum like the meso-
notum and with silvery pubescence near its margin. Pleurz black.
Abdomen shining metallic blue or purple, the fourth and fifth
segments each with a spot of silvery pubescence on each side. Legs
black, the metatarsi a little reddish. Wings tinged with blackish,
the stigma luteous. Length 7 mm.

Two specimens. ‘This species, structurally and in
appearance, resembles CO. nigra, Willist., but will be at
once distinguished by the bare eyes, distinctly vittate
mesonotum, and shorter pile.

Species Incertm SEpIs.

A small species, represented by a fragment only,
belonging among the Pachygastrine, perhaps to Pachy-
gaster.

TABANIDA.
TABANUS.

Linné, Fauna Suecica, 1761.
1. Tabanus alcis, n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 77, antenna.)

¢. Brown; wings with brown spots ; upper angle of the third
antennal joint drawn out into along process. Length 13-14 mm.

Eyes bare; no ocellar tubercle. Front narrow, cinnamon-
brown ; callus very small, shining red. Antenne yellow, with
black hairs ; slender ; the upper process of the third joint drawn
out into a long process, the annulate portion slender, and curved.
Face of the colour of the front, bare. Palpi yellow, with black
hairs. Mesonotum cinnamon-brown, or darker brown, with two

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 308

slender yellowish stripes. Pleure more whitish. Abdomen brown;
on the sides in front yellow; the segments with a median,
posterior triangle of light golden hair, which extends outward,
forming a narrow hind border. Legs reddish or brownish-yellow.
Wings subhyaline, the anterior part to the tip of the second vein
luteous ; the distal costal portion and the posterior margin
clouded with blackish ; a large spot covering the cross-veins at
the outer part of the discal cell, and extending into the first
posterior cell, and another large one on the furcation of the third
vein, reaching to the costa, brown.

Three specimens. It is not impossible that this is the
same as 7. parallelus, Walker.

2. Tabanus, sp. (PI. X., fig.78, antenna.)

4. Frontal triangle yellow ; face brownish-red, thickly grey
pollinose ; palpi light yellow; all clothed with white hair.
Antenne yellow ; third joint angular above, but not drawn out
into a process. Mesonotum black, not shining, greyish pollinose,
and with yellowish-white pile; pleure ochraceous yellow, with
white pile. Abdomen brownish-red and brown, opaque; the
segments with a narrow, light yellow, hind border. Legs yellow ;
tarsi infuscated distally. Wings hyaline; the furcation of the
third vein with a stump. Eyes bare; no ocelli. Length
10 mm.

One specimen.

LEPTIDA.
CHRYSOPILA.
Macquart, Dipt. du Nord de la France, 1827.

1. Chrysopila ludens.

Chrysopila ludens, Loew, Wien. Entom. Monatschr.,
v., d4.

Hal. Cuba (Loew).

Six specimens agree sufficiently well with the descrip-
tion of this species. In those that are well preserved,
there is a golden pubescence on the abdomen, and the
hind femora may be in large part black. With these
specimens, there are several others in which the thorax
is yellow, with the mesonotum brownish. The abdomen,
in all the specimens, is in large part black.

304. Professor Williston on the

2. Chrysopila atra,n. sp. (Pl. X., fig. 78bis, wing.)

&. Deep black; wings hyaline, with two dark-brown spots on
the costal margin. Length 5 mm.

Deep black throughout, with black pile. Face cinereous
pruinose. Mesonotum and abdomen opaque velvety. Wings
hyaline, the apical third in front clouded ; the stigma, a spot across
from the costa to the second vein on the distal part of the
auxiliary vein, and a cloud on the humeral cross-vein, dark-brown.

One specimen.

ASILID/A.

OmMATIUS.
Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 1., 418, 1828.

1. Ommatius marginellus.

Ommatius marginellus (Fabricius), Wiedemann, Auss.
Zw. Ins., 1, 421; Dipt. Exot., i., 223, pl. vi.,
fig. 5; Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i1., 2, 184; Schiner,
Verh. zool. bot. Gesellsch, 1866, 682.

? Ommatius tibialis, Say, Journ. Acad. Phil., iii., 49;
Compl. Wr., ii., 63; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins.,
1, 422; Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xi.,
Piso. 12 and xi.,.76;

Ommatius Saccas, Walker, List, i1., 474.

Ommatius vitreus, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 245,
1875.

Hab. West Indies ; South America; ? North America.

Thirty specimens. The only difference which these
specimens present from others, both male and .female,
from Brazil, are the yellow bristles of the hind femora.
Others in my collection from San Domingo agree in this
respect with the Brazilian ones. ‘That all are of the same
species, I have no doubt. That O. tibialis is the same
species, I am not so confident. ‘The distinctive charac-
ters pointed out by Schiner, though I do not think that
they are of much importance, are present in North
American specimens. ‘The posterior part of the meso-
notum and the scutellum also seem to be more hairy in
O. tibialis. In all the specimens, the colour of the legs

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 305

varies much. There are no structural differences in any
of the specimens, and, in some of the San Dominican
specimens, the colour of the bristles of the hind femora
varies. Taking the above facts into consideration, I
believe that all the names above given, and probably
others, represent a single species of wide distribution.
O. tibialis occurs through all of the Eastern United
States, as far as the Rocky Mountains.

Erax.
Macquart, Dipt. HExot., 1., 2, 107, 1838.
1. Hraz rufitibia. (Pl. X., fig. 79, wing.)

Erax rufitibia, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 3rd Suppl., 27.
Pl. u., fig. 11; Walker, List, vii., 623; Roeder,
Stett. Ent. Zeit., 339, 1885.

Hab. Brazil; San Domingo ; Porto Rico.

@. Front and face light yellowish-grey ; gibbosity of the face
with numerous black bristles and yellowish-white hairs. Mesono-
tum grey, with three broad black stripes, narrowly separated, the
lateral ones narrowly divided into three spots, the hindmost one
of which is small ; the middle one with an indication of a middle
stripe in front. Abdomen black, not shining ; hair yellow, sparse
and reclining, save on the anterior two segments ; lateral margins
opaque light-grey ; sixth and seventh segments silvery ; hypopy-
gium large, black. Wings with the costal border thickened ;
furcation of third vein beyond the base of the second posterior cell.
Legs black ; tibize except the tip, red. Length 18-20 mm.

Two males and three females, the latter showing
scarcely any differences, save the usual sexual ones.

LEPTOGASTER.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 1803.
1. Leptogaster roederi, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 80, wing.)
¢, ¢@. Antenne yellow, with the distal half of the third joint
black; wings blackish at the tip. Length 8-9 mm.
Front brown. Face and mystax yellow. First two antennal
joints and the base of the third yellow ; remainder of the third

joint and the arista black ; third joint a little shorter than the first
two together, the arista a little longer than the three joints

306 Professor Williston on the

together. Mesonotum shining, dark pitchy, a little more yellowish
on each side in front; on the posterior part subopaque ; sides
lightly pollinose. Pleure brown and yellowish, light yellow
pollinose. Abdomen black or brown, the posterior margin of each
segment whitish, the hind angles reddish. Coxe light yellow;
femora black or brown, with the base and a preapical ring red or
yellow ; anterior tibiz yellowish, with the distal part yellow ;
hind tibize black or deep brown, with the proximal part yellow ;
anterior tarsi yellow ; hind tarsi black. Wings pure hyaline, with
the tip blackish. Empodium about half the length of the claws.
Occiput without bristles.

Two specimens. In one the colours throughout are
not so deep, and the tip of the wing is cinereous.

HoLcocePHALA.
Jennicke, Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch, vi., 1867.

Two male specimens of a species related to H. calva,
Loew, but with the legs nearly black, and the abdomen
not clavate.

BOMBYLIIDAi.
GERON.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., ii., 223, 1820.
1. Geron senilis. (Pl. XI., fig. 81, antenna.)

Geron senilis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 411; Syst.
Antl., 135, Bombylius ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw.
Ins., 1., 357; Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl.,i., 119.

Hab. West Indies ; Texas.

One male specimen, agreeing very well with Wiede-
mann’s description.

THEREVIDA.
PSILOCEPHALA.
Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp., 525, 1840. ;
1. Psilocephala argentata. (Pl. XL, fig. 82, antenna.)

? Thereva argentata, Bellardi, Saggio, ii., 90 ; Roeder,
Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1885, 340.—Mexico, Porto Rico.

6- Black ; abdomen silvery white, except a large spot on the
anterior angles. Length 6-8 mm.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 307

Frontal triangle shining biack, its inferior corners and the face
opaque silvery. Antenne black ; third joint on the inner, basal
portion yellowish. Cheeks, immediately below the eyes, shining
black, with black pile. Beard white; occiput silvery grey.
Mesonotum with dusky yellowish pile, and black bristles ; on the
sides, shining black; in the middle, with two broad, narrowly
separated, opaque, olivaceous grey stripes ; a narrow stripe between
the two, brown. Scutellum shining black, its apical margin opaque
grey, and with four bristles. Pleure opaque greyish-white, with
white hair. Halteres brown. Abdomen silvery white, when
viewed from above ; the brown or black ground-colour predominant,
when seen from behind; the first segment in the middle, anda
large spot on the anterior angles of the following segments, ex-
tending nearly to the posterior margin, black. Legs, for the
greater part, sordid yellow ; femora black ; the tip or distal portion
of the tibize, and the distal joints of all the tarsi, blackish. Wings
nearly hyaline ; stigma elongate.

Four specimens. Seashore.

EMPIDIDA.
Hyszos.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., i1., 1803.
1. Hybos dimidiatus. (Pl. XI., fig. 83, wing.)

? Hybos dimidiatus, Loew, Wien. Entom. Monatschr.,
iv., 36 (nec Bellardi).

Hab. Cuba.

There are, in the collection, some twelve or more
specimens, which I refer very doubtfully to this species.
In the most typical, the chief differences from the
description are: ‘lhe presence of black hairs on the
thorax, the darker colour of the front femora, and the
light-brown colour of the basal portion of the wings.
The distal portion of the wings is not hyaline, or even
cinereo-hyaline, but is distinctly mfuscated. In some
of the specimens the wings are nearly uniform in colour
throughout.

308 Professor Williston on the Diptera of St. Vincent.

SYNECHES.
Walker, Dipt. Saunders, 165, 1856.
1. Syneches pusillus. (Pl. XI, fig. 84, wing.)
Syneches pustllus, Loew, Centur., 1., 25.
Hab. Illinois, New York.

Two specimens agree with this description. I have
no specimens from the United States for comparison.

DRaPETIS.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., in., 1822.

1. Drapetis xanthopodus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 85,
antenna; 85a, wing.)

4, 9. Deep shining black ; legs yellow; first posterior cella
little narrowed at the extremity. Length 2-2} mm.

Antenne, front and proboscis black ; eyes contiguous below the
antenne ; front very narrow or subcontiguous in both sexes,
Occiput black, with black pile. Thorax and abdomen shining
black, the mesonotum a little metallic ; pile short, dusky. Legs,
including the coxe, yellow, the tarsi more or less infuscated ; hind
metatarsi brown or brownish ; elongate and somewhat thickened ;
hind tibiz with a short terminal spur; all the femora stout.
Wings cinereous hyaline ; third and fourth veins gently convergent
near the margin.

Ten specimens.

2. Drapetis flavidus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 86, antenna;
86a, wing.)

&, @. Yellow or reddish-yellow ; head and the fourth
abdominal segment black. Length 2-2} mm.

Occiput, vertical triangle and front black. Eyes contiguous
below the antennz, subcontiguous above. Antenne yellow, the
third joint sometimes brownish. Thorax reddish-yellow, the
mesonotum shining, with light-coloured hair and _ bristles,
Abdomen yellow, opaque, the fourth segment and the hair black.
Legs light yellow, with light-coloured hair and bristles ; hind
tibize in the male with a stout curved spur at the tip ; hind femora
less thickened than the middle ones ; the front pair considerably
thickened. Wings hyaline; the outer portions of the third and
fourth veins parallel or very slightly divergent.

Numerous specimens.

Prof. Aldrich on the Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent. 309

DOLICHOPODID 4.*

Of this family, the collection contains forty-six species,
of which five only can be recognized as previously
described. The study of so much material throws an
interesting light on the geographical distribution of the
genera, ‘The entire absence of Dolichopus, of which the
continent of North America contains nearly a hundred
species, strongly emphasizes the fact that the genus is
limited to the temperate and colder regions. On the other
hand, more than half of the species in the present col-
lection belong to the group which may be termed the
Chirysoting, embracing Chrysotus, Diaphorus, and several
smaller genera, while this group is represented on the
continent by a considerably smalier proportion.

The discovery of a second species of the peculiar genus
Polymedon, having identically the same habits as the
Californian species, is a matter of great interest.

In the description of new species, the aim has been to
pive a careful review of the generic as well as specific
characters in those not infrequent cases where there was
possibility of an erroneous generic determination. ‘The
genera of Dolichopodidx are, at least in part, in need of
thorough revision, and several new ones must yet be
erected for North American forms. Unwilling to under-
take what should be the work of a more experienced
hand, I have avoided, as far as possible, the establish-
ment of new genera in the present article.

I am under the greatest obligation to Professor
Williston, not only for the privilege of undertaking this
work, but for the use of books and other valuable
assistance.

GYMNOPTERNUS.
Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Gyiunopternus ruficornis, n. sp.

g. Face of moderate width, white pollinose ; front blue-green,
with white dust below; cilia of inferior orbit white. Antenne
red, short, apex of third joint infuscated, the dorsal arista slightly
pubescent. Thoracic dorsum bright green; a blackish-bronze

* By Professor J. M. Aldrich.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Parr lit, (SEPT.)

310 Professor Aldrich on the

stripe above the base of each wing, before and below this a spot
with a silvery reflection when viewed from above ; pleurz dark
green, in part black, with grey dust. Cilia of tegule black,
halteres yellow. Abdomen bright green above, the sides below
white-dusted, the hairs everywhere black and rather coarse ; at
the tip of the abdomen are two bristles, as long as two segments ;
hypopygium blackish-green, the lamelle rounded, yellow, with
pale brown margin fringed with ‘yellow bristles. Fore and hind
coxe yellow, the former with very long black bristles and black
hairs, the latter with a large and a smaller lateral bristle close
together ; middle coxz brown on the basal half ; femora and tibize
light yellow, the fore tibie with a row of irregular but distinct
bristles on the front side ; the fore tarsi are pale to the extreme
tip ; middle and hind tibiz with erect and conspicuous bristles ;
they are gradually infuscated from tip of first joint. Wings
rather narrow, hyaline, the fourth vein converging towards the
tbird, toward the tip close to, and nearly parallel with it.

Q. Face nearly twice as wide, white ; no long bristles at tip of
abdomen ; otherwise substantially like the male.

Length 1°6 mm.; of wing, the same.

One male, one female.

Pa@cILoBOTHRUS.
Mik. Dipt. Untersuch., 1578

1. Pecilobothrus wnguiculatus, n. sp. (PL X xy figs 101;
last joint of 4, front tarsus. PI. XII, fic. 116,
tip of wing.)

g&. Face very wide, below the suture with two lateral con-
vexities separated by a narrow groove ; colour dark brownish-
green, with dense brown pollen, which appears lighter in certain
directions. Palpi brown, with yellow tips; proboscis large,
blackish. Front concave, shining violet in the middle, about the
edges blackish. Antenne brownish-black, the under part a little
reddish ; third joint ovate, a little pointed in an upward direction ;
arista nearly basal, short, distinctly feathered. Cilia of the inferior
orbit white. Thorax bronze-green, not very shining ; acrostichal
bristles in two rows ; the two rows of interior dorsal bristles (Mik)
are inserted upon slender longitudinal shining blue lines, expanded
posteriorly. The posterior margin of the dorsum is in the form of a
thin projection, running around from the root of one wing to that
of the other; above this the surface is considerably dusted.
Scutellum bare, coppery. Pleure greenish, with white pollen.

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 311

Cilia of tegula black. Tegulee and halteres deep yellow. Abdomen
olivaceous, slightly shining, on the sides shining green, and vent-
rally white pollinose. Hypopygium free and rather large, but
sessile ; colour black, a little dusted on the sides, the lamelle are
brown, yellowish at base, rather long and narrow, with rounded
corners and a fringe of long black bristles all the way around
except basally. All the cox brown, their tips yellow ; femora
yellow, tibiz brownish-yellow, the hind knees brown. Tips of
front tibiz light yellow ; first joint of fore tarsus of the same
colour for two-thirds of its length, the remainder of the tarsus
brownish-black. The joints beyond the first are short, and all are
somewhat thickened ; the last is rather long,,and bears a little
prominence on the underside near the base ; the claw on the inner
side is greatly enlarged, and bends back across this prominence as
a straight spine, forming a grasping organ ; beyond this its point
curves laterally, the other claw and the pulvilli are nearly normal,
but the latter are inserted a little toward the side instead of
exactly at the end ; the other tarsi normal, brownish-black beyond
the first joint, which is short in the hind foot. Middle and hind
tibiz a little infuscated at the tip. Wings a little brownish, more
so along the veins, costa a little thickened in its first part ; the
fourth vein makes a gradual curve forward throughout its last
section, the convexity behind (see figure).

@. Face widerand more prominent, the two convexities uniting
below. Pollen more greyish. Palpi larger. Antennz more
yellowish below. Front tibize yellow with brownish tip, their tarsi
simple, coloured like the others. Costa very much thickened before
the end of the first vein. In one of my females each posterior
cross-vein has a short stump on the exterior side near the middle.

Length 4-4°5 mm. ; of wing, 4 mm.

Fcur males and four females. May.

HeERrcostomus.
Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Hercostomus latipes,n.sp. (PI. XII., fig. 111, tip of
willy.)

4. Face very narrow in the middle, above and below a little
wider, with a median groove almost the whole length ; in colour
yellowish-brown, with thick silvery pollen. Palpi and proboscis
yellow or a little brownish. Front shining green. Antenne red ;
third joint brown, oval, slightly pointed, with a dorsal, moderately
pubescent arista. Cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax shining

ie Professor Aldrich on the

green, sometimes coppery, more so along the front margin. Small
humeral bristles (Mik) numerous. Viewed from above, there is a
silvery pollinose spot behind the humerus, and another behind the
root of the wing. Scutellum coppery. Pleurz mixed light and
dark green, white-dusted. Tegule yellow, their cilia black.
Abdomen coppery, on the sides more green, and ventrally some-
what white-dusted. Hypopygium large and long, yet scarcely
pedunculated ; the lamelle proper are very small, yellow; the
outer basal portion of each gives rise to a stout claw, twice as long
as the lamella itself, black except a little at base, and curving
upward toward the venter. A row of black bristles runs along the
outer side of the claw two-thirds of the distance to the tip. Coxe,
legs, and feet wholly yellow, the last gradually infuscated toward
the end. ‘The fore coxe have three large bristles, numerous black
hairs, and a few smaller bristles. Middle coxe with hair and
bristles. Hind coxee with the usual bristle. Fore tarsi widened
from near the tip of the first joint, the under surface destitute of
the customary black hair, therefore resembling a broad yellow sole.
All the joints beyond the first are shorter than usual. Hind meta-
tarsi shorter than following joint. Wings subhyaline, of slender
outline. Fourth vein converging with the third in its last section,
less so near the tip, ending distinctly before the apex. Posterior
cross-vein at right angles to the long axis of the wing.

Q. Face wider, less narrowed in the middle, without groove ;
but little white pollinose, except on the prominent lower part, the
remainder more greenish or brownish. Palpi a little larger, each
with a minute bristle as well as fine hairs. The black spot over-
lying the transverse suture on each side of the thorax is very large,
rather more so than the male. In one immature specimen the
coppery colour is but little noticeable, leaving the abdomen and
scutellum almost pure green.

Length 3-3} mm.; of wing, 24 mm.

Seven males and five females. 500-1500 altitude.

PELASTONEURUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., viii., 1861.

1, Pelastoneurus lineatus, n. sp.

g. Front of moderate width, deep blue-green, shining. Face
narrow in the middle, wider above and below, the ground colour
brown, white pollinose. Palpi brownish-yellow, but little visible.
Antenne red, the first two joints short, the third large, oval, the

Dolichopodidex of St. Vincent (West Indies). 313

apical half brown; arista dorsal, black, short, curved, distinctly
feathered with sparse hairs. Cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax
shining green, with a bronze median line extending to the scu-
tellum ; auteriorly this line is enclosed by the acrostichal bristles ;
the small humeral bristles occupy a large area. The usual black
colour accompanies the transverse suture on its upperside. In the
proper light there is a silvery pollinose spot behind the humerus,
another above the root of the wing, and a third behind it. Pleurz
blackish-green, white-dusted. Cilia of tegule black. Abdomen
shining green, the sides of each segment silvery pollinose ; each
incisure is covered with a broad black band. Hypopygium black,
exserted, the peduncle nearly as long as a segment of the abdomen ;
lamelle small, dark-brown, with slender cilia, and on the upper side
a row of equal short spines. Front cox yellow ; middle ones.
brown, except the tips ; hind ones yellow, with brown base. ‘The
front and middle ones have numerous black hairs ; the former have
several bristles, the latter only one of any size ; hind cox witha
single lateral bristle. Femora and tibie yellow; the middle
femora with a row of delicate, short, light-coloured cilia below.
Middle and hind femora with preapical bristle. 'Tarsi yellow, the
middle and hind ones infuscated toward the tip. Fore pulvilli
enlarged ; hind metatarsi shortened. Wings slightly infuscated ;
the last section of the fourth vein bends gently forward, runs
nearly straight for a distance, then is gradually recurved, ending
near the third, which bends back at tip.

@. Face wider and more yellowish ; palpi and proboscis larger,
yellow ; third joint of antennz smaller, scarcely infuscated ; dorsal
stripe wider ; pulvilli normal ; middle femora without cilia.

Length 4 mm. ; of wing, 3°8.

Twelve males, five females. Sea level to 1500 feet. May.

2. Pelastonewrus argentiferus, n. sp.

¢. Face wide, concave to the suture, convex below, the con-
cave portion shining green, except that the sides and lower part
are somewhat silvery pollinose ; this pollen covers the convex part.
Palpi a little more yellowish. Front violet-green, scarcely shining.
Antenne blackish, the lower side reddish to a variable degree,
Third joint short when fully developed, in some specimens shrivelled.
Arista plumose, short, thick at base, rapidly tapering. Cilia of
inferior orbit whitish. Thorax dark green, but little shining,
acrostichal bristles in two rows, enclosing an area which is opaque
as far as the middle. On each side of this, reaching to the inner

314 Professor Aldrich on the

dorsal bristles, is a more shining dark-blue area changing to violet
posteriorly, and also spreading wider, so that most of the posterior
half of the dorsum is deep violet. Viewing the specimen from
above and behind, the light striking it from above and in front,
four silver spots are visible—two just below the transverse suture,
and behind the humeri, the others above and behind the roots of
the wings. Scutellum bronze-green. Pleurz green, white-dusted,
tegule light-yellow, their cilia black. Abdomen bronze-green
above, brighter green on the sides, below the middle of the sides
white pollinose. Sixth segment entirely silvery pollinose, rather
thin dorsally. Hypopygium large, blackish-green, considerably
dusted, sessile, the lamella developed into rather long upcurved
black processes, irregular in outline and with numerous black
bristles of different sizes ; at the base of each of these processes,
below (dorsad) is a minute, yellowish, yellow-haired appendix,
—this I take to be the true lamella, homologous with that
organ in Dolichopus, while the process just described is a develop-
ment from its upper basal corner, as occurs in some other species of
the family. Fore coxze yellow, at the base very slightly infuscated,
with black hairs and bristles, middle and hind coxz brownish-black,
rather largely yellow at apex. Femora and tibiz all yellow, the
middle and hind knees very slightly infuscated, middle tibie
slightly, the hind ones strongly infuscated at tip. Front tarsi
only slightly and gradually infuscated, middle ones from tip of
first joint, hind ones entirely, black. Wings brownish, the fourth
yein bent forward in a very gentle curve and afterward nearly
straight, ending close to the third before the apex.

¢. Face wider, in the middle somewhat brownish ; palpi
larger. Front blackish-brown, silver spots on thorax smaller,
but still distinct. Abdomen somewhat coppery, often less bronze.
Hind tibiz less black at the tip.

Length 3°5 mm. ; of wing, 3 mm.

Eleven males and five females. May, September; one
specimen marked “‘ Near sea by open stream.”

PARACLIUS.

Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1859, p. 215.
1. Paraclius filiferus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 102, tip
of wing.)

¢. Front of medium width, white pollinose on a green back-
ground. Palpi brownish-yellow, the extreme tips only visible, front

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 315

rather wider than long, green, shining, with a violet reflection.
Antenne red; the third joint moderately large, ovate, with a blunt
point, brown at the apex. Arista short, black, with moderate
pubescence. Cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax metallic-
green. Acrostichal bristles rather large, in two rows, between
which the colour is more coppery. <A large area of small humeral
bristles ; on this area the colour is also somewhat coppery, and
whitish dusted. Scutellum coppery. Pleurz green, white-pollinose.
Abdomen shining green, the posterior margins of the segments
darker, lateral parts white-pollinose. Hypopygium large, exserted
but sessile, the main part greenish-black coloured with light dust.
Lamellz yellow, brownish and rather pointed in front, with slender
bristles ; the upper basal corner is deawn out into a long hairy
filament. All the cox, femora, and tibizw red ; middle coxe with
a lateral basal brown spot. Fore and middle coxe with numerous
black hairs and bristles. Lateral bristle of hind cox small.
Middle and hind femora with a preapical bristle. Middle and
hind tibize with large bristles arising from an outer glabrous stripe;
their tarsi infuscated from tip of first joint. Hind metatarsus
short. Wings a little brownish along the costal portion ; venation
normal ; the curve of the fourth vein is almost a right angle.
Posterior cross-vein somewhat curved, the convexity outward.
Length 3°5 mm. ; of wing, 2°8 mm.

Numerous males and females. Sea-level to 500 feet.
May, September.

The female differs in having a wider and less dusted
face, and somewhat darker tarsi and middle coxe.

LeprocoryPHa, n. gen.*

&. Face not reaching down to inferior corner of eye. Antennz
large ; first joint with hair on the upper side, on the inner apical
side projecting ina short cone; second joint transverse, attached to
the first, so as to make an angle toward the side ; third joint large,
arista dorsal. The lower part of the joint drawn out in a point
with pile on the front and lower sides. Palpi small. Acrostichal
bristles in two rows. At a little distance from these, along the
anterior dorsal margin of the thorax, begins an area of minute,
closely-set bristles, reaching to the humeri, forming a distinctly
limited triangular space on each side. Scutellum with two large

Aemtds, narrow ; Kopvpn, apex.

316 Professor Aldrich on the

bristles and two small ones, its disk large. Abdomen short, for
a male, tapering, the posterior margin of each segment, with a row
of large bristles, which are longest on the last segment. Hypopy-
gium disengaged, large, bent forward under the abdomen, the
lamellee rather small. Fore and middle cox with bristles and
hair on the front side ; the hind ones with two bristles on the
outer side. Middle and hind femora with a pre-apical bristle.
Hind metatarsus without bristles above. Second and third longi-
tudinal veins straight, moderately divergent; fourth curving
abruptly forward about the middle of its last segment, then gradu-
ally curving in the other direction, so that near the extremity it
has a concavity behind, ending near the third vein. Posterior
cross-vein a little more than its length from the margin.

1. Leptocorypha pavo, n. sp. (Pl. XII., fig. 112, wing.)

@. Bright, metallic-green. Front wide, bright-green, a little
concave. Face moderately narrow, wider above, covered with a
smooth coat of whitish pollen. Palpi but little visible, yellow,
with only one or two very minute bristles. Cilia of the inferior
orbit whitish, no long hairs behind them. Occiput flat. Antenna
large, reddish, first joint hairy above, broad at the end, drawn out
on the inner corner into a cone; second joint transverse, hairy
above ; third joint very large. Viewed from the side, the last on
its proximal, lower corner runs back entirely past the second joint.
It is very high, rounded above, the arista dorsal rather short and
stout with long pubescence, the lower distal portion of the joint
drawn out into a long up-curved point, densely short, pilose on
the inner and lower side. It reaches about to the middle of the
avista, and beyond its end the latter has longer pubescence than
before it. This third joint in outline is similar to that of some
species of Tabanus. Thorax very bright metallic-green, somewhat
whitish-dusted about the front part. The triangular areas of fine
bristles above mentioned are on a bronze ground colour, Trans-
verse suture very far forward, a black spot along its upper side.
Scutellum long, nearly rectangular on its disk. Pleurze mostly
black, dusted lightly with white, around the base of middle and
hind cox more or less yellow. That thin fold of the integument
which, in many species of this family, begins just above the hind
coxze and expands upward, so as to partially embrace the first
abdominal segment, is strikingly conspicuous in my specimens of
this species. Halteres and tegule yellow. Cilia of the latter
black. Abdomen bright-green, a narrow line of black along the
posterior border of each segment, numerous black hairs and a

Dolichopodidx of St. Vineent (West Indies). 317

posterior row of long bristles on each segment. The bristles of
the fifth segment are a little longer than thesegment. The exserted
hypopygium is large, yellow throughout, except that the pedicel
is brownish at the base, and the lamellz are bordered with brown-
ish. Bristles of the latter yellow, comparatively weak. Coxe,
femora, and tibiz all yellow. Tarsi yellow at base, uniformly a
little brownish toward the tip, on account of the covering of
minute dark hairs. Pulvilli of ordinary size. Venation of the
wings are in the description of the genus. Length 3:25 mm.; of
wing, 3 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent, West Indies. Altitude,
one 500 and one 1000 ft.

ANEPSIUS.
Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Anepsius linearis, n. sp.

g. Thoracic dorsum shining green. Abdomen yellow and
black. Legs yellow. Front very short, opaque, greyish. Face
white, long, so narrow as to be almost invisible, still the eyes in
well-preserved specimens are not contiguous ; just below the
antenne the face widens. Antenne brownish or yellowish, long ;
the first joint elongate, with a few hairs above; the second and
third of about equal size, the latter with a blunt point directed a
little upward. Arista basal, bare, its first jomt thick. Cilia of
the orbit apparently wanting in all my specimens. Thorax bright
green. Acrostichal bristles in two rows. Scutellum with one
large and one minute bristle on each side. Pleurz non-metallic,
brown, toward the cox, and along the hind border yellowish.
Halteres yellow. Cilia of tegule blackish, one or two yellow.
Abdomen elongate, laterally compressed, black, non-metallic,
second, third, and fourth segments across the dorsum yellow,
except the fore and hind margins, venter yellow. Hypopygium
small, scarcely exserted, the yellowish appendages minute. The
hairs on the sides of the abdomen and on the venter are long and
yellowish; on the dorsum they are short and brown. Coxe and
legs light yellow, only the hind tarsi slightly infuscated. Hairs of
fore and middle cox sparse and delicate ; hind coxa with a single
slender blackish lateral bristle. Fore tarsi one-and-a-half times as
long as the tibiz ; the pulvilli strongly enlarged. Middle tibia
just below the knee, with two or three weak bristles in a group ;
middle tarsi longer than their tibia. Hind femora with considerable
hair, especially on the fore side ; hind tibiz long, a little clavate,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PART III. (SEPT.) 22

318 Professor Aldrich on the

on the hind side below the middle with a row of small bristles.
Hind metatarsus thickened, half as long as the following joint.
Wings broad, yellowish ; first and second veins far from the costa,
fourth only gently curved, ending behind the apex, nearly parallel
to the third. Posterior cross-vein long, almost twice its length
from the border ; second posterior cell large. Anal angle well
developed.

@. Much smaller than male. First joint of antenne not
elongated. Arista scarcely thickened. Face moderately narrow,
parallel, the palpi and proboscis rather prominent, brownish.
Abdomen usually not compressed, the dorsum wholly brownish-
black ; venter yellowish. Fore pulvilli not enlarged. Hind tibiz
as in the male, but the bristles fewer and shorter. Wings a little
narrower.

Length, male, 2°6 ; female, 1°7 mm.

1000 to 1500 feet altitude. June. Numerous males
and females.

POLYMEDON.
Osten Sacken, Western Diptera, 317, 1877.

This genus will have to be somewhat amended, as it
should evidently include the following species. Baron
Osten Sacken, in establishing it, had only one species,
and consequently did not succeed in separating per-
fectly the generic and specific characters. ‘The long cilia
of the tegule, absence of acrostichal bristles, and large
swelling of the costa, are characters that pertain only to
the male of P. flabellifer, and are not generic. In the
species here described, the hind metatarsi are in the male
decidedly, in the female slightly, shorter than the follow-
ing jot. Mr. Samuel Henshaw, at my request, kindly
examined the types of P. flabellifer in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., and informs me
that the hind metatarsi are not shorter than the following
joint.

In the generic diagnosis, add ‘ above” to the clause,
First jot of hind tarsi without bristles.”

1. Polymedon superbus, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 103, head
of ¢. Pl. XIL, fig. 113, wing; fig. 118, head of

?; fig. 119, head of 3.)
@. Head large and high. Face wide; about half-way to the
lower corner of the eye it is bent backward obliquely and grows

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 319

gradually wider ; beyond the lower corner of the eye it hangs
down in a thin sheet, rounded below, aboutas far as its own width.
The mouth parts hang down behind this. The whole face is
silvery white. The proboscis and palpi are brown. Front some-
what excavated, deep metallic-blue, approaching violet in colour,
very slightly dusted in the middle; along each side and across
behind the ocelli white pollinose. Antenne situated far above the
middle of the face, directed strongly upward, as compared to the
head alone ; the latter, however, stands in an oblique position,
strongly receding below, so that the antenne are in reality directed
straight forward. Immediately below their origin there is an
angle in the profile of the head, and it begins to recede. First
joint of the antennz long and slender, yellow, with hairs above,
the second projects considerably in a rounded curve over the inner
edge of the third ; it isalso yellow. Third joint large rounded, a
little longer than high, with a slight point. The arista is dorsal,
thick, short, nearly bare, curved downward, brown in colour.
Third joint of antennz brown at the tip. Cilia of inferior orbit
white. Occiput dark-green, dusted on each side. Dorsum of
thorax shining metallic-green, in an oblique view, more blue or
violet, darker and more bluish near the borders. Acrostichal
bristles two rowed; a considerable area of small humeral bristles.
The transverse suture is wholly bronze-black, which colour extends
narrowly toward the anterior. Just below this is an elongate
silvery pollinose spot, reaching forward to a point above the
humerus. Pleure greenish-black, covered with bluish white dust,
Tegule infuscated, with black cilia. Halteres yellow, Scutellum
shining bluish-green, with a very large and a very small bristle on
each side. Between the corner of the scutellum and the root of
the wing is an excavated area, black, with a handsome silver spot.
Abdomen bluish-green, with rather long bristles bordering the
segments behind. When viewed in the proper light, each segment
beyond the first is white pollinose on the anterior half, except in
the middle of the dorsum, Toward the venter this pollen becomes
dense and silvery. In the same light the posterior half of each
segment is deep metallic violet-blue. Hypopygium large, exserted,
turned under the venter. It is opaque-black, except some of the
inner parts, which are brownish or yellowish. The lamelle are
large, parallelogram shaped, somewhat oblique, black. Along
the upper margin of each are two slender curved yellow bristles,
some distance apart. Fore and middle coxze with a few hairs and
bristles ; hind ones witha single lateral bristle. Fore coxe yellow,
the others brownish-black. Femora and tibiw yellow. Tarsi
blackened from the middle of the first joint, middle tarsi a little

320 Professor Aldrich on the

crooked near the middle. Hind metatarsi three-fourths the length
of the following joint, with a small but distinet bristle on the
underside. Wings a little smoky ; venation much as in Tachy
trechus (Loew, Mon. N. A. Dol., Pl. III., 6); the third vein, how-
ever, is bent backward by a very gentle curve, beginning before
the middle of the wing ; the fourth vein runs in a straight line
past the cross-vein for a distance about equal to the length of that
vein, then bends forward in a gentle curve and is almost straight
for the rest of its course, but with a slight convexity forward. It
ends some distance before the apex,near the third vein. Costa
scarcely swollen before the end of the first vein. Fifth vein
attenuated near the end, obsolete before the border.

9. Face white pollinose of about the same width as in the
male, ending in a point below, which reaches fully to the lower edge
of the eyes. Palpiand proboscis rather small, brownish. First
joint of the antennez shorter than in the male, all the joints
blackened along the upper border. Middle tarsi simple ; hind
metatarsi but little shorter than the following joint. General
colour of thorax and abdomen deep blue, verging into green,
shining.

Length 4-4:75 mm. ; of wing, 4:2 mm.

Eleven males and eight females; one label reads,
“Richmond Valley, Forest. 1800 feet, December 31. On
stones along stream ;”’ another, “ This species lights on
rocks in the beds of mountain streams above 1000 feet.
Very wary.”

The green, blue, and silver colours of this species are
so changeable in different lights that they are difficult to
describe. There will be no difficulty in recognizing the
insect.

DIAPHORUS.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., iv., 1824.
1. Diaphorus opacus, Loew.

This species was based by Loew on a single male
specimen from New York, and a female from Pennsyl-
vania was doubtfully referred to it. The length of these
specimens is 3mm. I have numerous representatives.

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 321

of a species from St. Vincent, West Indies, which agree
substantially with the description, but are only 2 mm.
long ; in the males also the hairs on the underside of the
middle femora seem to be less conspicuous. It would
not be safe to describe the species as new without com-
parison with the types of opacus; for the present I
consider it a small form of the latter.

In the West Indian specimens, it is difficult to separate
Diaphorus from Chrysotus. When the face and front
are parallel, I have followed the general rule of referring
all to Chrysotus that did not show in the male sex
elongated front pulvilli or large bristles at the end of
the abdomen.

2. Diaphorus approximatus, n. sp.

¢. Face white pollinose, rectangular, the ground colour
blackish ; the eyes approximated on the front so as almost to
touch, the two frontal triangles and the narrow strip connecting
them whitish pollinose. Antenne short, third joint crescent
shaped, with apical arista ; second joint with several radiating
black hairs of moderate length. Cilia of inferior orbit white.
Dorsum of thorax green, dusted with yellow, not very shining ;
pleuree black with grey dust. Halteres and tegule yellow, the
cilia of the latter brown, sometimes a little mixed with white.
Abdomen shining dark-green, with black hairs above, which change
to reddish on the sides; hair of the venter long, delicate, pale.
The four bristles at the apex of the abdomen are small. Hypopy-
gium concealed. Cox black ; femora brownish-black, yellow at
tip ; on the outer and lower edge of the fore femora, near the tip
is a row of long hairs. Tibie yellow, tarsi infuscated from the
tip of the first joint, pulvilli of fore tarsi enlarged. Wings
slightly brownish, very broad; the greatest width is about the
middle; the third vein toward the tip curves noticeably backward.
Length 3 mm.; of wing, 2°5 mm.

Numerous males. Sea level to 1000 feet. May. The
tegular cilia seem to be pale in some lights and brown
in others.

3. Diaphorus parvulus, n. sp.

Minute, shining green; legs yellow; cilia of tegula and of
inferior orbit pale; eyes of male broadly separated.
@. Face blackish; with grey dust; palpi brownish-yellow,

322 Professor Aldrich on the

front shining green, broader than face ; antennz black, third joint
rather large, with subapical arista. Cilia of inferior orbit white.
Thorax shining green, a little dusted ; bristles black ; pleurz
black, with thin grey dust. Abdomen shining bronze-green,
venter yellowish ; the black bristles at apex not present ; hypopy-
gium concealed, the tips of two small, yellow appendages
visible ; hair of abdomen black, below somewhat reddish. Fore
coxee yellow, with yellow hairs; middle cox pale at tip, the basal
half or more blackish; hind tibiz yellow with dark base. Femora,
tibie and tarsi yellow, the last one or two joints of the tarsi
infuscated ; the femora sometimes have a brownish tinge. Fore
tarsi one and a-half times the length of the tibiz, with enlarged
pulvilli; the other pulvilli of equal size scarcely enlarged. The
erect lateral bristle of the middle tibie very large. Wings
yellowish, with yellow veins and the usual configuration.

Q. Antenne, particularly the third joint, smaller. Pulvilli
plain ; otherwise as in the male.

Length 1:2 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Three males, three females, 1500-2000 feet. May,
July.

4. Diaphorus dimidiatus, n. sp.

Light green, whitish pruinose ; basal half of abdomen yellow.

¢. Face and front concolorous, bluish-green with grey dust ;
lower part of the face rather narrow, palpi rather large, pale
yellow, with black hairs; antennz blackish, third joint very short,
with dorsal arista; cilia of lateral and inferior orbit pale, the
lower ones long. Thorax light green, somewhat bluish, wholly
pruinose with white ; in the middle of the dorsum a little shining ;
pleurz concolorous with the dorsum, opaque ; halteres large, pale
yellow; tegule pale yellow with black cilia. Second and third
segments of the abdomen light yellow, with black jhairs; fourth
and fifth segments shining green, a little coppery ; the four apical
bristles large; hypopygium concealed, with scarcely visible
appendages. Fore cox:e pale yellow, with long black bristles and
a few small black hairs on the front side ; middle coxz black with
yellow tip, with rather coarse black bristles on the front side ;
hind coxe brownish-yellow, more black at base, purer yellow at
tip, with a single lateral bristle. femora, tibizv and tarsi yellow,
the last two or three joints of the tarsi infuscated ; the fore tarsi
are longer than the tibie, with pulvilli as long as the third
joint ; middle tarsi proportionally a little shorter, their pulvilli

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 328

almost the same size. Middle tibiz on the outer front edge with
two bristles besides the one at the tip ; hind tibiz slender, with a
few small bristles behind. Wings rather narrow, subhyaline, with
yellow veins. The anterior end of the large cross-vein is in the
centre of the wing. Length 2 mm.; of wing, 1°8 mm.

Five males. May. This species belongs to the group
of D. hoffmanseggu, Meig., of Kurope, and D. satrapa,
Wheeler, of Nebraska, but is readily distinguished by
the characters given.

5. Diaphorus contiqguus, n. sp.

Brownish, opaque species, or sometimes slightly shining ;
femora black, tibize yellow; cilia of inferior orbit and of
tegule blackish ; eyes of male broadly contiguous,

6. Face opaque, blackish, short ; palpi brown; antenne very
short arista sub-apical ; ocellar tubercle prominent ; cilia of in-
ferior orbit almost black, yet in certain lights rather brownish.
Dorsum of thorax opaque-brown, the ground colour being blackish
and the thick dust light-brown. Pleure black with thinner.and
greyer dust ; halteres and tegule yellow, the latter with black cilia.
Abdomen opaque-black with black hairs ; the apical bristles large ;
appendages of the hypopygium not or scarcely visible. Coxe and
femora black, the latter with yellowish tips. Front femora along
the lower and outer edge with a row of long hairs; middle and
hind femora with a few rather long hairs near the tip on the fore
side ; tibize yellow, with only few and weak bristles, except at tip.
Fore tarsi once and a half as long as the tibiew, the pulvilli large ;
middle tarsi scarcely longer than the tibiz, the pulvilli small; all
the tarsi infuscated from about the third joint. Wings very
broad near the base on account of the extraordinary development
of the anal angle; first vein farther from the margin than
usual.

@. Face and front of equal width, the face remarkably broad
and short, greyish brown ; the large palpi of the same colour ;
front opaque-brown ; front femora destitute of long hairs ; bristles
of posterior tibize stronger than in the male ; wings, although very
broad, not quite so much so as in the male.

Length 2 mm.; of wing, 1°38 mm,

Eleven males, seven females. May.

6. Diaphorus flavipes, n. sp.
Pure green, lightly dusted ; cilia of tegule and inferior orbit
pale ; legs yellow ; eyes of male contiguous.

324 Professor Aldrich on the

&- Face short, small, greyish pollinose; antenne small,
brownish, second and third joints short but rather large, with
almost apical arista. Eyes contiguous for a moderate distance ;
palpi and proboscis yellow ; cilia of inferior orbit white. Thorax
green, slightly dusted, the smaller bristles of a rusty reddish colour,
the larger ones at the tips the same, but black at base; pleure
blackish, grey-dusted. Halteres large, pure sulphur yellow, tegulz
brownish-yellow with yellow cilia. Abdomen shining bronze-green,
venter yellowish ; hairs of abdomen yellow, the apical bristles not
present ; hypopygium concealed, only some minute yellow appen-
dages visible. Coxze femora, tibie and tarsi yellow, the middle
coxe largely blackish at base and the tips of the tarsi a little
brownish ; bristles of tibiae extremely small and weak, except at
the tips of the posterior ones. Fore tarsi longer than tibiz, pulvilli
enlarged ; pulvilli of middle tarsi scarcely at all enlarged. Wings
yellowish, with yellow veins, widest about the middle.

@. Front as wide as the face below, a little wider above,
shining green, with yellow dust below and at the sides ; thorax
shining green with yellow dust, the larger bristles scarcely reddish
at ‘tip ; yellow hair of the abdomen rather dense near the tip ;
bristles of the posterior tibie larger than in the male ; pulvilli
small.

Length 2-2°4 mm. ; of wing, 2 mm.

Numerous males and females. March to September.
Sea-level to 2000 feet.

@. Diaphorus dubius, n. sp.

Greenish-bronze, moderately shining ; eyes of male not approxi-
mated ; femora black, tibia yellow.

&@. Face obscurely dusted with greenish-white, parallel ; front
green, shining only in a band across the vertex, the remainder
yellowish dusted ; antennz black, the third joint very short, sub-
reniform, with apical arista; cilia of inferior orbit pale, palpi and
proboscis blackish, the former of ordinary size. Thorax bronze-
green, a little shining ; the pleura blackish, with white dust, more
conspicuous posteriorly ; halteres and tegule yellow, the tegular
cilia black, Abdomen bronze-green with a coppery reflection,
sometimes scarcely at all green ; its hairs are black, on the lower
side less so and longer ; the four stout black hairs at the apex are
well-marked in some specimens, in others not. Hypopygium con-
cealed, its appendages small and inconspicuous, Cox and femora
black, trochanters and tips of femora reddish ; the fore coxze with

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 325

black hairs on the front side, middle coxe with a few coarse
blackish hairs in front, hind cox with a single lateral bristle ;
near the end of each femur, on the outer side, are three or four
larger hairs ; on the anterior side of the middle tibia just below
the knee, is a single erect bristle, on the posterior side of the hind
tibie are two or three small bristles. The pulvilli of the fore
tarsi are enlarged ; fore and middle tarsi infuscated from the tip
of the first joint, the length of the former exceeding that of their
tibie ; hind tarsi shorter than their tibie, the infuscation beginning
near the base. Wings of only ordinary width, subhyaline, the
fourth vein ending exactly in the apex, the outline is more rounded
before the apex than behind it.
Length 2°4-2°7 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Numerous males and females. 500-1500 feet altitude.

This species differs from sodalis, Loew, by its smaller
size and black hairs on the fore coxe. The female of
dubius differs from the male in having a slightly wider
face, smaller antennz, shorter and thicker abdomen, the
femora without longer hairs, and the tibize with stronger
bristles. In a large series of specimens | notice con-
siderable variation: some of the specimens if alone
would no doubt be referred to Chrysotus.

CuRYSOTUS.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., iv., 1824.

1. Chrysotus excisus, n. sp.

¢. Eyes broadly contiguous on the face, with an area of
enlarged facets; front broad, short, deep bluish-green to bronze-
green in colour ; palpi and proboscis blackish. Antenne black, the
third joint very large, kidney-shaped, hairy along the outer part ;
arista apical, arising from a deep notch in the joint. In some
specimens this peculiarity is but little developed ; in others it is
very distinct; in some specimens the point below the notch is
longer than the one above, giving the arista a subapical position.
Cilia of inferior orbit small, brownish. Dorsum of thorax
bright bluish-green, sometimes more bronze or coppery ; pleure
black ; tegulz and halteres yellow to brown, the former with black
cilia. Abdomen short, thick, black, scarcely with a green reflection ;
hypopygium concealed, sometimes with a minute brownish appen-
dage or two barely visible. Feet black; from the knees down

326 Professor Aldrich on the

sometimes more brownish than black, with close black hair. Fore
tarsi longer than the tibizw ; the middle and hind femora have near
the tip below a few bristles; the latter not ciliated. Wings
almost hyaline, rather small in size, of the usual shape.

2. Face blackish, of ordinary structure; third joint of
antenne not so large nor so deeply notched as in some of the
males ; halteres yellow.

Length 1:7-2°1 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Numerous males and females. 500—2000 feet altitude.

2. Chrysotus proximus, n. sp.

Differs from the preceding species only in having the legs from
the knees down light yellow ; some of the males have the third
joint even larger ; the average size is smaller. In some specimens
the trochanters also are yellow. Length 16-2 mm.; of wing,
the same.

Numerous specimens, as above.

3. Chrysotus flavus, n. sp.

Wholly pure yellow species; eyes of male contiguous on the
face.

¢d. Palpi large, about half as long as the face, yellow ; eye
contiguous, leaving a blackish triangle below the antenne ; front
very broad at vertex, narrow towards the antennx, dark in colour,
probably metallic in living specimens ; antennz rather large, the
third joint a little elongated with a subapical brownish arista ; the
colour of the antennz is wholly yellow; cilia of lateral and
inferior orbit yellow. Thorax with pleure wholly yellow, the
bristles blackish, but in a strong light more yellowish. Cilia of
tegule brown ; below the tegulaa small blackish spot. Metanotum
strongly developed. Abdomen yellow, the dorsum blackish except
at base ; the first segment has a row of long hairs, black above, at
the sides yellow. The hair of the dorsum is blackish, of
the rest yellow. The abdomen as a whole is short, the hypo-
pygium concealed, a few minute yellow organs visible. Legs from
coxa to tarsus wholly pure yellow, with yellow hairs and bristles ;
middle and hind tibie rather bristly, the hind tarsi with small
bristles below. Wings almost hyaline ; fourth vein perfectly
straight in its last segment, ending behind the apex.

2. Face very narrow, white pollinose ; palpi long, broader
than in the male, resting on the very large yellow proboscis.

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 327

Abdomen only a little blackish above, but still with black
hairs.
Length 1°6 mm. ; of wing, 1°6 mm.

One male, one female. 1000 feet.

4, Chrysotus albipalpus, n. sp.

Minute blackish species, the male with contiguous eyes and
large white palpi.

$. Eyes briefly contiguous or just touching on the face, with
some very large facets at this point ; the palpi are large, snow-
white ; the front, and also the facial triangle below the eyes
yellow-dusted on a green colour. Antenne small, black, the third
joint not enlarged, rounded, with apical arista. Cilia of inferior
orbit white and rather long. Dorsum of thorax green, somewhat
golden, moderately shining ; a dark stripe along the lateral edge.
Pleurze black with white dust ; tegule somewhat infuscated, with
black cilia; halteres yellow. Abdomen dark green, scarcely
shining, short, somewhat clubbed toward the apex. Hypo-
pygium concealed, some small dark processes slightly visible, more
remote than usual from the apex of abdomen. Coxe and femora
black, the former with pale hairs ; tibiz varying from yellow to
brown ; bases of tarsi concolorous with tibiz, tips darker. Pulvilli
of fore tarsi considerably, of the middle tarsi less, enlarged. Wings
tinged with brown, considerably rounded behind, fourth vein
ending in the apex.

9. Face of moderate width, white pollinose, tibize usually
light-yellow. Otherwise substantially as in the male.

Length 1:5 ; of wing, 1°3 mm.

Numerous specimens. May, June. 500-1500 feet.

The variability of this species is somewhat puzzling ;
in some specimens the abdomen is deep violet, in others
the halteres are yellowish-white.

5. Chrysotus niger, n. sp.

Palpi brownish ; eyes not quite contiguous; face and front
opaque black, the latter a little greenish. Dorsum of thorax black,
scarcely greenish. Pleure, abdomen, cox, and femora black, the
cox with brown hairs. Halteres black, the stem brown ; tibiz and
tarsi blackish, sometimes more brownish, in the female yellowish-
brown and the femora brown. Otherwise as the preceding species.
Length 1:3 mm.

Seven males, six females.

328 Professor Aldrich on the

6. Chrysotus hirsutus, n. sp.

¢. Palpi prominent, pale yellow ; eyes contiguous on the face,
leaving a whitish-dusted triangle below the antennz ; front shining
green ; antenne small, black, with apical arista ; cilia of lateral
and inferior orbits white. Dorsum of thorax bright green;
pleurz blackish, with dense whitish dust ; cilia of tegulz brownish-
yellow ; tegule and halteres yellow. Abdomen shining green at
the base, more blackish posteriorly, with black hairs ; hypopygium
concealed, only a small appendage or two, with rather Jong yellow
hairs visible. Fore coxe yellow, dark at base, with a group of
brown bristles near the tip; middle and hind coxe blackish, with
yellow tip. Fore femora, tibiz, and four joints of tarsi yellow,
the last tarsal joint blackened, with enlarged pulvilli ; the fore
femora are a little thickened, and on the underside have a row of
brownish hairs ; the tibiz on the underside have a row of long,
closely-appressed hairs. ‘The middle femora have a row of hairs,
like the front ones ; their tarsi are blackened from the tip of the
first joint, and the pulvilli are small. The hind femora are
thickened, the apical third infuscated. The row of hairs below
ends near the tip, with four er five coarse bristles ; knees yellow ;
hind tibiz yellow with a brown stripe down the whole length of
the outer side, upon which is situated a dense row of bushy brown
hairs ; these hairs continue down the tarsus, becoming smaller
beyond the first joint ; the tarsi are very short and tapering, the
first joint about two-thirds as long as all the rest ; they are gradu-
ally infuscated beyond the first joint. Wings hyaline; fourth
vein a little bent just beyond the posterior cross-vein, ending in
the apex ; the curve before the apex is but little fuller than that
behind it.

@. Face rather broad, white pollinose ; fore coxe with rather
numerous yellowish hairs; femora not perceptibly thickened, these
and the tibiz without rows of hairs; hind femora with two or
three pre-apical bristles, only its tip infuscated. The hind tibize
have several stout bristles, and the metatarsus is scarcely half as
long as the following joints, all of which are plain.

Length 1°6 mm. ; of wing, 1:4 mm.

Numerous males and ‘females. March, May. Sea-
level to 1000 feet.

‘his species will probably form a new genus. I place
it here provisionally, on account of the male eyes.

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 329

7. Chrysotus longipalpus, n. sp.

¢. Palpi pale yellow, toward the tip whiter, almost as long as
the head is high, proportionately rather narrow ; face slender in
the middle, where the eyes almost touch, light dusted on the
triangle below the antennx ; front deep violet, not very shining ;
antennz yellow or brownish-yellow, last joint hairy, with sub-
apical arista ; cilia of inferior orbit pale. Dorsum of thorax green,
moderately shining. Pleurz black, with delicate pale dust. Cilia
of tegule blackish or brownish; halteres yellow. Abdomen bluish-
black, somewhat shining, with black hairs ; hypopygium concealed.
Cox yellow, the middle ones dark at base ; femora and tibie
yellow, in some ill-preserved specimens the hind ones a little
brownish ; the first joint of the fore tarsi is about as long as all
the rest; the second, third, and fourth joints are slightly com-
pressed, from the tip of the first joint all are infuscated. Hind
femora with about three pre-apical bristles in a row, the tibize
rather hairy, and the tarsi infuscated from the tip of the second
joint. Wings hyaline, of the ordinary type, fourth vein ending in
the apex.

¢@. Palpi normal, face violet, like the front ; only the fourth
and fifth joints of the tarsi, with extreme tips of the preceding,
are infuscated.

Length 1 mm. ; of wing, 1 mm.

Nine males, three females. May. 500-1500 feet.

8. Chrysotus picticornis.

Loew, Monoer., ii., 184; Wheeler, Psyche, June, 1890,
p- 308.

Numerous specimens; both sexes. May. Sea-level to
500 feet.

9. Chrysotus acutus, n. sp.

@. Eyes contiguous for a considerable distance on the face ;
palpi dark ; front opaque black ; antennz black, rather large, the
third joint large, with dense brown hair, drawn out in an acute
point, before the tip of which the arista is inserted. Thorax green,
moderately shining, sometimes considerably dulled and more
brownish ; pleure black. Halteres and tegule, with the tegular
cilia, black. Abdomen black; hypopygium concealed. Coxe
brown, the anterior ones with blackish hairs ; femora brown, vary-
ing somewhat in depth of colour the hind ones with a row of four

330 Professor Aldrich on the

or five small pre-apical bristles; tibize yellow, the hind ones a little
darker ; tarsi yellow, fourth and fifth joints of the fore ones black,
the posterior ones gradually infuscated from the tip of the first
joint. On the front side of the fore tibia is a row of small but
distinct white hairs, Wings somewhat infuscated, of the usual
shape, fourth vein ending very slightly before the exact apex.
Length 1:1 mm.; of wing, 1 mm.

Seven males. 500-1000 feet.

10. Chrysotus inermis, n. sp.

¢. Face of moderate width, parallel, blackish-green, but little
dusted ; palpi dark ; front shining green, slightly dusted ; cilia of in-
ferior orbit brownish-yellow ; antenne black, the third joint short, a
little hairy, with apical arista. Dorsum of thorax shining green,
thinly covered with yellow dust ; pleurz black, yellowish dusted ;
cilia of tegule brown, halteres yellow. Abdomen rather dull coppery
colour, verging into blackish, the hairs brownish ; hypopygium
concealed. Coxe yellow, the middle ones black nearly to the
tip, the fore and middle ones with yellow hairs; femora and
tibie yellow ; the middle tibiz with an erect bristle below the
knee, the hind ones with two or three small bristles behind, other-
wise the tibiz are free from bristles except at apex ; tarsi yellow,
only a little infuscated at the extreme tip; fore pulvilli large,
middle ones only a little larger than the hind ones. Wings
yellowish, the fourth vein ending in the apex, posterior cross-
vein short, located before the middle.

¢. Face green, white-dusted; proboscis, cilia of inferior orbit
and those of the tegule paler than in the male; venter slightly
yellowish at base.

Length 1:6-2 mm.; of wing, 1°5-1:8 mm.

Seven males, numerous females. May and July.
500-2000 feet altitude.

The females of this species so closely resemble those
of Diaphorus flavipes, that they can scarcely be
separated, I could find no distinct differences.

11. Chrysotus apicalis, n. sp.

¢&. Front shining green, wide; face of same colour with a
little pollen, narrowed in the middle, owing to an area of enlarged
facets in the eye ; eyes somewhat emarginate at the level of the
antenne ; palpi yellow; antennz black, the first joint bare, this
and the second of ordinary structure; the third joint crescent

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 331

shaped, in its vertical diameter very large, on the apical side near
the middle suddenly drawn out into a long, narrow point; arista
inserted just before, or in some cases almost exactly at, the apex
of the prolongation, moderately long, pubescent ; the whole inner
and lower surface of the third joint is light pilose. Cilia of the
inferior orbit white, a considerable amount of long white hair
behind them. Thorax golden-green on the middle, more or less
covered with pollen, around the margins more pollinose ; acrosti-
chal bristles few, in two rows; the small humeral bristles number
only about half-a-dozen on aside; about the base of each large
bristle is a black dot. Pleurz greenish-black, dusted with white.
Tegule and halteres light yellow, cilia of the former whitish.
Abdomen dark green, more or less thickly dusted, sometimes with
a bronze reflection. Seen from above, the first segment is very
broad with parallel sides; the rest are successively narrower,
rapidly tapering. The green colour ends with the fifth segment,
the following one is black. From the side, the abdomen is slender
the dorsum and venter nearly parallel to the fifth segment. The
following two are somewhat excavated on the under side, but only
the tips of one or two small organs are visible. Coxe black,
about the apex sometimes slightly yellowish. The front and
middle ones with a few black hairs and bristles on the front side ;
hind ones with one lateral bristle. Front and middle femora
yellow, with more or less of a blackish tinge along the upper side.
The middle ones are lighter-coloured than the front ones. Hind
femora wholly greenish-black. All the tibiz-yellow, tarsi-yellow,
gradually infuscated from the tip of the first joint. Pulvilli of
ordinary size. In one single specimen out of fifty examined there
is, on the middle of the lower surface of one of the hind
metatarsi, a slender erect bristle. This is probably abnormal.
Venation normal, the same as figured by Loew for C. obliquus
(Mon., N.A. Dol., Pl. VI., 31).

9. Face rather wide, not narrowed in the middle ; this and the
front often with a steel-blue reflection, somewhat dusted with
white or yellowish. Below the middle of the face the contour is
interrupted by a suture, except in the middle ; below this the face
is more prominent. The oral cavity and the probescis are much
larger than in the male. Palpi large, flat, yellow, sometimes
brownish, with white or yellow pollen. Proboscis projecting
below the head, black. Antenne as in the male, but the third
joint not at all drawn out, simply crescent-shaped, at most a little
triangular. Arista apparently apical. Behind the orbital cilia
but a few hairs. Colour of thorax and abdomen more opaque than

Ban Professor Aldrich on the

in the male. Fore and middle femora yellow, hind ones slightly
yellow at base and tip.
Length 2 mm.; of wing, 1°8 mm.

Numerous specimens. Sea level to 1000 feet. May.

ASYNDETUS.
Loew, Centur., vili., 58, 1869.

1. Asyndetus fratellus, n.sp. (Pl. XII, fig. 114, tip of
wing.)

¢. Green, thickly dusted, not shining except on femora and
slightly on abdomen. Face very broad, the sides parallel, covered
with opaque, whitish dust. Palpi rather large, with black hairs
and whitish-dusted. Front very broad, like the face in colour but
a very little less dusted, showing more of the underlying green.
Antenne black, short, the second and third joint together nearly
circular in outline. Arista dorsal. Orbital cilia black above,
white below. Thorax heavily dusted with brownish, not at all
shining, a single scattering row of very minute acrostichal bristles.
On each side of the broad, median dorsal stripe is an ill-defined,
light-blue dusted stripe, so that the brown colour appears to form
three broad longitudinal bands, the lateral ones so wide as to
extend down over the pleure for some distance, the blue colour
reaches the corners of the scutellum, and the latter is wholly blue,
except a narrow trace of brown along the posterior border. It has
two large bristles. Pleurze brownish above, fading into light blue
below. Tegule yellow, their cilia whitish. Halteres yellow.
Abdomen moderately elongate, tapering, green, but little shining.
Behind each incisure the colour is deep blue and more metallic.
The hair of the abdomen is black, and conspicuously coarse and
long. Hypopygium small, embedded, with four bristles pointing
backward, ‘These are about as long as the fifth segment. Legs
robust, black, bristly, the coxze whitish from the overlying dust,
front and middle ones with numerous bristles on the front side, the
hind one with a single lateral bristle. Femora all somewhat
thickened, dark green rather shining, with rows of moderate
bristles on the under side. These structures are not raptorial,
since they are rather weak and the tibize lack the corresponding
development. Knees narrowly yellow. Tibiz fuscous, the front
ones a very little lighter, simple, with strong bristles. Tarsi
black, simple. Pulvilli of all the feet much elongated, yellow.
Wings slightly greyish, fading into hyaline posteriorly and

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies), 333

apically. The first longitudinal vein ends about one-third of the
way to the apex. Its end isa trifle beyond the large cross-vein.
Second and third veins close together diverging uniformly through
their whole course, the latter ending rather far from the apex.
The costal vein ends with the third longitudinal instead of con-
tinuing to the fourth. The fourth longitudinal vein becomes
gradually weaker beyond the posterior cross-vein for about three-
fifths of its course. It then curves suddenly forward for a short
distance, curves back again into its original direction, and ends in
the apex. The whole portion beyond the first curve is very deli-
cate and transparent, and sometimes the section running forward
is entirely obsolete.

Q. Face scarcely wider than the male. Pulvilli of usual size.
Abdomen even less metallic than in the male, without the terminal
bristles, otherwise appearing much the same. The tibie and tarsi
are sometimes lighter in colour than in the other sex.

Length 2°3 to 2°5 mm. ; of wing, 2 mm.

Eleven males and twenty females. Several specimens
are labelled “ May,” and one “ Seashore.”
This species is closely allied to A. interruptus, Loew,

but the latter is over 5 mm. long. The colour of the
thorax seems by the description to be different also.

LyRONEURUS.
Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., i1., 37, 1857.

1. Lyroneurus simplex, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 117, wing ¢.)

¢. Front bright bluish-green, brownish-black along the borders ;
face green, brownish dusted, but somewhat silvery pollinose from
above, a very little narrowed in the middle. Palpi yellow, with
long black bristles, proboscis black. Antenne black, very short
the third joint crescent-shaped, hairy, with a long slender sub-
apical arista. Cilia of the inferior orbit and another row behind
them white. Thorax metallic-green brown-dusted. Acrostichal
bristles in a single row. Eight or ten small humeral bristles. <A
brownish-black stripe along the transverse suture, running forward
to the humerus. Just below, a spot is silvery when viewed from
above. Pleurze green, white pollinose, more silvery from above.
Halteres and tegule yellow ; cilia of the latter yellowish. Scu-
tellum with the usual small and large bristles; between the
scutellum and wing is a concave area, black, with a silvery spot.
Abdomen green, considerably dusted, rather elongated, scarcely
tapering. Hypopygium concealed, only a few minute yellow

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parr it. (SEer.) 28

304 Professor Aldrich on the

and black parts visible. A few moderately long bristles at
the end of sixth, as of the other segments. Front coxe green at
base, changing through brown to yellow at the tip, considerably
white pollinose, A row of black bristles at the tip, and a few
fine yellowish hairs on the front side. Middle and hind coxe
blackish, the former has a number of stout bristles on the fore side,
one near the base is more lateral and quite prominent. Hind cox
with a single lateral bristle. Trochanters all yellow. Femora
all dark-green, somewhat shining; the front and middle ones
broadly, the hind ones slightly, yellow at the knee. Tibiz all
yellow, the hind ones a little infuscated at the tip. Front and
middle tarsi elongated, slender, yellow, infuscated from the tip of
first joint; hind ones shorter and thicker, wholly infuscated.
First joint longer than the following one, on its under surface with
a long slender upright bristle. Front pulvilli a little enlarged.
Wings large, wide toward the apex, yellow before the third vein.
The first and second veins are rather far from the costa, and enter
it at a less acute angle than usual. The third vein runs close to
the second to its end, then turns with a strong curve backward,
reaching the margin just before the apex. The last section of the
fourth vein in the shape of a gentle double curve, ending just
behind the apex.

@. Front asin the male. Face rather wide, the suture distinct,
less pollinose than in the male. Hind metatarsus without the
bristle. Wings of the ordinary width, not yellow before the third
vein ; venation exactly like that of Hutarsus aulicus, Meig., in
Loew’s Monograph, pl. vi., 28 c.

Length 3:5-5°5 mm.; of wing, 3-43 mm.

Numerous specimens of both sexes. Sea level to
1500 feet. March and May. One specimen labelled
“Forest by stream.”

The venation of the male varies from that described to
a form like that of the female.

Kurarsus.
Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.
1. Eufarsus sinuatus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 104, wing.
Pl. XIL., fig. 110, 6 wing; fig. 115, ¢ wing.)
&. Face exceedingly narrow, almost linear; silvery pollinose
on a dark ground colour. Palpi small, yellow. Front narrow, of

same colour as face. Antennz situated high up, the front there-
fore short and the face long. They are very short, the third joint

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 335

especially small, all yellow but the tip of third joint. Arista sub-
apical, brown, the basal joint somewhat incrassated. Cilia of
inferior orbit delicate, of a whitish colour. Dorsum of thorax
yellow in front, the posterior part and scutellum shining light-
green. Acrostichal bristles two-rowed. The green colour extends
forward about to the transverse suture. Farther than this it
extends only in three fading and irregular streaks. Laterally it
does not reach the bases of the wings. Pleurz plain yellow; a
dark spot below and one behind the wing. Cilia of tegule
yellowish. Metanotum yellow. Abdomen blackish, not shining,
more brownish at the base, scarcely tapering. Hypopygium almost
wholly concealed, the length of a few scattered yellowish bristles
along the venter is noticeable. In some specimens not fully
coloured the abdomen is more yellow at base. All the coxe, legs,
and feet light-yellow. Tarsi scarcely at all infuscated. Front
ones very long and the pulvilli much enlarged and elongated.
Hind metatarsus shorter than the following joint, with a minute
bristle below. Front coxe with fine yellow and black hair and
black bristles. Middle cox with numerous bristles as in the pre-
ceding species. Hind coxe with one lateral bristle. Wings
yellow before the third vein. Venation as figured. ‘The second
vein is normal for half its course, then runs farther from the costa,
makes a wide sweep, and joins the costa nearly at a right angle.
The third vein a little wavy before the end of the sesond, beyond
that bent strongly backward. Fourth vein normal, its last section
straight.

¢@. The face moderately narrow, excavated, black with white
pollen. Front somewhat wider, black with less pollen. Palpi
almost concealed, brown. Antenuz scarcely infuscated at the tip,
the arista yellowish. Thorax as in the males. Abdomen yellow,
the posterior margin of each segment shining black. On the
second segment an anterior black crossband, narrow, enlarged in
the middle ; third segment with a wider band, more enlarged ;
fourth segment chiefly black ; fifth with only an indistinct baud of
yellow. Legs and feet as in the male, except that the pulvilli of
the front feet are of the normal size. Wings but slightly yellow.
Veins straight and almost uniformly divergent; only in the
second there is an almost imperceptible trace of two sinuations, at
the places where these occur in the male. This vein ends nearer
the apex than in the male.

Length 2°3-2°6 mm. ; of wing, 3°2 mm.

Numerous males and eight females. 500 to 1500 feet
altitude.

Professor Aldrich on the

OO
(a)
Se

SYMPYCNUS.

Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Sympycnus falco, n. sp.

@. Face blackish, the eyes nearly or quite contignous about
the middle; front blackish ; antennz black, third joint short,
pointed, with a subapical arista. Cilia of inferior orbit pale. Dor-
sum of thorax green, but little shining; pleure black with
greenish-grey dust ; halteres yellow ; cilia of tegule black, still
rather brown at tips, and the lower two or three hairs yellow.
Abdomen dull green, with blackish hairs; on each side of ‘the
first segment isa row of half-a-dozen long brownish hairs; the
hypopygium projects in a sort of rounded knob behind the
abdomen, its short, stout, brown grasping organs mostly concealed,
and lying in front of the organ proper. Coxe varying from
yellow to brown in different specimens, the middle ones darker
than the others, the front ones with yellow hairs and a few slender
brownish bristles; femora, tibie and tarsi yellow; the fore
femora have a short row of brown bristles on the hind side near
the tip, the fore tibiz on the front side with only delicate irregular
hairs, in part rather long ; the fore tarsi are longer than the tibie,
the last joint rather long with a projection on the under side near
the base ; the inner claw folds back to meet this, thus forming a
clasping organ ; all the tarsi are only gradually infuscated near the
tip. Wings slightly yellow, slender, the pusterior cross-vein before
the middle ; from the cross-vein, the second and fourth veins are
parallel, while the third converges toward the fourth in the latter
part of its course.

@. Face moderately narrow, black, with white pollen ; fore
femora and tarsi plain; venter brownish near the base; lateral
bristles of first abdominal segment shorter.

Length 1-6-2 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Four males, six females. 1000-3000 feet altitude.

2. Sympycnus similis, n. sp.
¢. Differs from the foregoing species chiefly in having on the
front side of the fore tibize a row of four very stiff, stubby bristles
of moderate length. The cox and wings are also a little darker,
and the hypopygium projects a little more behind. Length
1:6 mm.; of wing, 1°7 mm.

One male. 1000 feet altitude.

Dolichopodidx of St. Vincent (West Indies). 337

Nevurigona.
Rondani, Prod. Dipt. Ital., 142, 1856.

1. Newrigona signifera, n. sp.

g. Face very narrow. Immediately under the antenne is a
triangular portion, yellow. Below this there is only a narrow
groove between the eyes to below the middle, from this point the
face protrudes as a narrow, whitish wedge, slightly wider at the
bottom. Palpi yellow. Proboscis brownish. Front greenish-
brown, a little dusted, converging below. Antenne yellow, third
joint with a short point, arista yellow. Inferior orbital cilia
whitish. Occiput green with white dust. Thorax dark yellow,
glabrous, with black bristles. Acrostichal bristles small, in two
rows. On each side of the acrostichal bristles in front an area of
small bristles, bounded by the humeri and the anterior margin.
The characteristic flat bare disk of the back part of the dorsum is
of a beautiful greenish-blue colour, which extends to the disk of
the scutellum. Sides and border of the scutellum yellow. Two
very large bristles between two very minute ones on the border.
A very large bristle behind the root of the wing. Pleurz deep-
yellow, imperceptibly dusted, a dark spot above the middle coxa.
Tegula, cilia whitish. Abdomen slender, yellow, the segments
beyond the second successively shorter. The second segment
bears near its anterior margin an opaque black band, emarginate
behind in the middle and rounded at each end It is about half
as wide as the segment. The following segments have similar
bands, less emarginate and occupying more of the width of the
segment, to the fifth, which is wholly black across the dorsum ;
like the others it is yellow along the ventral side. Hypopygium
shining black, turned under, club-shaped, not much exserted, the
appendages not distinct. All the cox yellow; front ones long,
with black hairs and mixed brownish and yellowish bristles ;
middle ones with black hairs; hind ones with a single bristle on
the outer side. Legs yellow, simple, the bristles small. Tarsi a
little infuscated toward the tip. Wings a little yellowish, fourth
vein in its last segment only very gently curved, almost perfectly
parallel with the third.

@. Face narrow, strongly protruding below, yellow, and
yellow pollinose. Palpi larger than in the male. Third joint of
antenne small, exceedingly short, almost kidney-shaped.

Length 3°5 mm.; of wing, 3-4 mm.

Seashore to 1500 feet altitude. Two males and two
females.

338 Professor Aldrich on the

CeLoGLuTts,* n. g.

9. First joint of antenne bare, the second short, with a pro-
longation along the inner side of the third ; the latter somewhat
crescent or kidney-shaped, with a subdorsal arista. Face narrow,
more so a little below the antenne. Ocellar tubercle distinct, the
ocellar and lateral bristles strong. Thorax elongated, the wings
attached far behind the middle. Acrostichal bristles in two rows.
Small humeral bristles covering an area of half the length and
almost all the width of the dorsum, comparatively large. <A large
concave surface begins at the middle of the dorsum and extends to
the scutellum including half the width. Seutellum with only two
bristles. Latero-dorsal thoracic bristles large. Fore and middle
coxz with considerable hair on the front side, hind coxa witha
single lateral bristle. Hind metatarsus half the length of the
following joint. Wings hyaline the apex a little pointed. After
the anterior cross-vein, the fourth vein runs somewhat backward,
diverging but little from the fifth, to the posterior cross-vein ;
thence it runs in a direct line toward a point a little before the
apex, near the margin it curves gently backward again, and ends
in the apex. Posterior cross-vein short, four times its length from
the margin. Sixth vein perceptible.

1, Ceeloglutus concavus, n. sp. (PI. XI., fig. 105, wing.)

¢. Face white-pollinose, front more thinly so, showing a little
green. Antenne yellow, except the third joint which is brownish,
the inner side of the second is as long as the first joint, the ocellar
bristles are long, and curve back more abruptly than usual. Cilia
of inferior orbit white. Proboscis rather prominent, brown, the
palpi yellow. Dorsum of thorax violet-green, the concavity more
pure green. Pleurv likewise violet-green, whitish-dusted. Halteres,
tegule and tegular cilia yellow. Above the root of the fore
coxa are two white bristles. Abdomen rather broad and
flattened, blackish-green with black hairs and, especially on the
sides, some white ones; the ovipositor is black. Fore coxze yellow,
elongated, with a groove on the outer side; the fore side has
numerous black hairs but no bristles. Middle and hind cox close
against each other, rather distant from the front ones; the middle
ones are blackish with yellow tip, hairy in front; the hind ones
yellow a little darker at base, with a whitish lateral bristle.
Femora and tibize yellow, the extreme tips of middle and hind
tibizw blackish. farsi infuscated from the tip of first joint, the
front ones less so. Wings a little greyish, with yellow veins as
figured. Length 2:2 mm.; of wing, 2°1 mm.

A single female.

goiAas, CONCAVE ; yAouTos, rump.

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 339

ACHALCUS.
Loew, Neue Beitr., v., 1857.

1. Achaleus sordidus, n. sp. (PI. XI, figs. 107, wing of ¢;
107a, wing of @.)

Minute, blackish, non-metallic, the male with an opaque brown
or yellow spot in the first posterior cell.

3. Face narrow, more so in the middle, where the eyes are
almost contiguous. Antenne short, third joint a little pointed,
with an apical, or perhaps subapical, arista. Front wide. Thorax
and abdomen blackish, non-metallic. Hypopygium concealed, but
rather large, hence the abdomen scarcely tapering. Legs dull
brown or yellowish, variable according to the age of specimen
when captured. Wings slightly brownish, slender; sixth vein
wanting, first very short, ending but little beyond the fork of the
second and third ; third ending a little before the apex ; fourth
sinuous, as figured, along its front side, near the end, a large
yellow or brown opaque spot. The hind margin sinuous, and
fringed with delicate hair. Acrostichal bristles in two rows.

?. Face wider, not narrowed ; antennz a little shorter, vena-
tion simple,

Length 0:7 mm.

Two males and four females. Altitude 500-1000 feet.
The specimens are so badly shrivelled that a complete
description is impossible. The size, colour, and especi-
ally the venation, are sufficient to distinguish the species.

XANTHOTRICHA, n. g.*

Small species, with yellow or brownish bristles and hair ; legs
yellow ; face in male rather narrow ; antenne small, the first and
second joints united to form a sort of cup, in which the third is
inserted, like an acorn; first antennal joint bare above ; arista
apical or subapical ; hypopygium exserted, small or large ; dorsum
of thorax convex behind ; hind metatarsus short ; acrostichal
bristles two-rowed. First longitudinal vein very short, sixth
wanting ; fourth vein straight beyond cross-vein.

1. Xanthotricha cupulifera, n. sp. (PI. XI., figs. 106,
wing ; 106a, hypopygium.)
Metallic-green, legs and all the bristles yellow.
¢. Face narrow, wider above, in a certain reflection violet,
without dust ; front wide, rather short, violet, proboscis and palpi

* Eavéés, yellow ; te xos, hair,

340 Professor Aldrich on the

yellow ; antenne pure yellow, with long brownish arista ; cilia of
inferior orbit yellow. Thorax shining green, somewhat bluish,
decidedly globose above on the anterior part. Scutellum short
and wide, crescent-shaped, with one pair of bristles (the outer pair
are microscopic). Pleurz black, the posterior margin, tegule, and
halteres light yellow ; cilia of tegulea yellow. Abdomen shining
bluish green, the venter yellow, sixth segment wholly yellow.
First joint of hypopygium yellow, small, lying along the basal
and dorsal (outer) surface of the second; the latter brown,
elongated, tapering, at its apex with a pair of minute, delicate
yellow lamelle, fringed with lght yellow hairs. The interior
organs, arising from the basal portion, are three in number—a
long, straight, sharp, yellow central one (penis ?), and two slender
bare yellow filaments ; the former is about as long as the hypopy-
gium itself, the latter are much longer, somewhat crooked in the
described specimen. Coxze and all the legs pure light yellow,
almost destitute of bristles. Wings hyaline, the veins yellow.

¢. Somewhat smaller, otherwise not materially different.

Length 1°2-1°5 mm.

One male, numerous females. May, March. Two
other males, more shrivelled and discoloured, are con-
siderably darker than the perfect specimen here
described.

2. Xanthotricha minor, un. sp.

Resembles the preceding, except in the following respects :
The general colour is somewhat darker, the venter and sixth seg-
ment not yellow, male hypopygium blackish, the delicate parts
shrunken and difficult to make out, but apparently without the
long filaments so characteristic of the preceding ; pleurz wholly
bluish black ; the posterior cross-vein is shorter, in consequence of
the fact that the fourth vein bends back to meet it, forming a
distinct angle at this point. The last character is sufficient to
separate the two species. Length 1-2 mm.

One male, two females. 500 feet.

3. Xanthotricha singularis, n. sp.

Still a third species of this minute genus differs from the first
in its extremely small size, in its colour, which is in general the
same as the second, and in the singular structure of the male
hypopygium. This bears a close resemblance to the ovipositor of
a female, extended to its full length and bent under the abdomen.
Only by using a power of several hundred diameters could I

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 341

ascertain that this structure really belonged to a male instead of a
female. The females of the species, however, do not have such
extended ovipositors; so the resemblance is rather to what one
might suppose the female to be than to the female itself. This
hypopygium is black, minutely yellow at tip. The wings of this
species resemble those of the first, but are a little more rounded.
Length 1 mm.

Six males, three females. May. 500 feet.

GNAMPTOPSILOPUS.
Aldrich, Kans. Univ. Quart., 1893.

1. Gnamptopsilopus bicolor.

Loew, Neue Beitr., vii., 96; Monogr., ii, 280
(Psilopus).

A single female. May.

“9

Gnamptopsilopus flavidus, n. sp. (Pl. XIL, fig. 109, wing.)

Slender, yellow, a broad stripe on the thorax, all the scutellum,
and the hind margins of the abdominal segments bright-green.
Cilia of tegulee yellow.

é. Face bright-green with thin white dust. Palpi and
proboscis yellow. Front bright-green. Antenne yellow, very
small, arista dorsal. Thorax yellow, the scutellum violet, a green
stripe upon the dorsum of the thorax is as wide as the scutellum
behind and tapers in front to a rounded point at the margin.
Metanotum yellow. Scutellum with only one pair of large bristles,
the outer pair being very small, Abdomen yellow, the first segment
above with a very narrow green border behind ; the following
three segments almost half green ; the fifth a little more than half,
and the sixth entirely, green. Venter wholly yellow ; near the
hind margin of each segment are placed several large bristles.
Hypopygium embedded, yellow; only two small yellow, hairy,
palpus-like organs are visible. Feet wholly yellow, the tarsi only
moderately infuscated. Fore cox on the front side with a single
longitudinal row of minute black hairs, and about three bristles at
the end. Front femora near the base with six short thorn-like
bristles. Front tarsi nearly three times the length of the tibie.
Middle tibiz and metatarsi with two rows of close short cilia, one
on the front and one on the upper side; as these cilia project in
nearly the same direction, the effect is like a single somewhat
tangled row. Hind tarsi as long as the tibie. All the legs are

342 Professor Aldrich on the

destitute of large bristles. Wings slender, hyaline. Costa
noticeably ciliated along the middle, in the neighbourhood of the
first vein. Third vein at its tip recurved forward. Posterior
cross-vein oblique, less than half its length from the border. Fork
of fourth vein making scarcely a right angle at its origin.

@. Thorns of the fore femora larger. Middle tibiz and tarsi
simple. Abdomen, except the first segment, with more green on the
dorsum, and shorter than in the male.

Length 45 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Sea level to 500 feet. Six males and eight females.

3. Gnamptopsilopus flavicornis, n. sp.

Q. Small, bright green, base of abdomen yellow, antenne,
yellow, the third joint sometimes brownish, arista dorsal or sub-
dorsal. Face moderately narrow for the genus, blue or green,
white-dusted. Front shining green, excavated, dusted below.
Antenne yellow, the third joint sometimes brownish ; the arista
dorsal or subdorsal. Thorax bright green. Scutellum with two
large bristles, the outer pair minute, oppressed, or absent.
Pleurz green, white pollinose, the posterior border yellow.
Tegulz and halteres yellow. Abdomen green, the venter dorsum
of first and proximal half of second segment yellow. Still in some
cases the posterior margin of the first segment green. On the
lateral angle of the first segment one or two Jong black bristles.
Remainder of abdomen with small sparse black hair. Legs in-
cluding cox, yellow, the tarsislightly infuscated. Fore cox with
three yellow bristles, hind with one. Fore metatarsus scarcely
shorter than tibia, middle one but little shorter, whole hind tarsus
four-fifths the length of its tibia. The legs have no bristles of
any size; at the tipsof the middle and hind tibiz, and on the fore
side of the same near the base are very small ones. Wings
hyaline, the veins yellow; third vein recurved at tip, branch of
fourth vein making a right angle at its origin. Posterior cross-
vein oblique, two-thirds its length from the margin. Length
1-8 mm. ; of wing, 2 mm.

Three females. One specimen has the third joint of
the antenne brownish-black, and the outer pair of
scutellar bristles visible though minute, the other two
have the autenne wholly yellow, and no second pair of
bristles whatever. This does not seem to indicate a
specific difference.

Dolithopodidz of St. Vincent (West Indies). 343

PsILorus.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 1824.

1. Psilopus chrysoprasius.
Walker, List, &c., iii.,646 ; Loew, Neue Beit., vii., 90;
Monogr., 11., 266,

Numerous specimens. Sea level to 500 feet. May.

2. Psilopus caudatulus.
Loew, Neue Beitr., viii., 93; Monogr., u., 271.

Four males, two females. May.

3. Psilopus bellulus, n. sp.

Shining dark green, cilia of tegule black ; wings with a dark
spot along the apical part of the front side.

&. Face bright-green slightly white-dusted, with a deep
transverse impression below the middle, bare. Paipi black ;
proboscis brown. Front shining green with sparse and very
delicate white hairs, especially towards the sides. Antenne black ;
small, the arista dorsal not long. Thorax shining green with erect
and rather long bristles. Scutellum with four bristles. Pleura
green, white-dusted. Tegule and their cilia black; halteres
fuscous with a yellow knob. Abdomen shining green, somewhat
coppery, with a broad black band across each incisure ; on each
side of the first segment a tuft of white hair, and a few more
white hairs on the ventral surface, except these, the hair and
bristles of the abdomen are all black. Bristles before the incisures
rather long and erect. Hypopygium black, the lamellz whitish or
greyish. Cox, femora and hind tarsi including the extreme tips
of the hind tibiv, black. Tibiz yellow. Fore and middle tarsi a
little infuscated toward. the tip; still the fourth joint of the
middle tarsus is covered with white hair, and hence almost white in
colour. Fore coxee with white hairs and two black bristles. All
the femora with white cilia below, longest on the front ones
near the base. Front tibize on the upper side with a row of four
successively longer bristles, the last conspicuously long and two-
thirds of the way to the end. Bristles of the other tibiz incon-
spicuous, the hind tibiz rather hairy. Tarsi simple, the hind ones
shorter than their tibiz. Wings with an indistinct brown cloud
along the front margin beginning beyond the end of the first vein
and continuing to that of the second, reaching into the first posterior

344. Professor Aldrich on the

cell behind. The branch of. the fourth vein makes an acute angle
at its origin ; third vein not recurved forward at its tip. Posterior
cross-vein a little oblique, somewhat bicurved, less than half its
length from the margin,

2. Front scarcely ciliated, black bands of abdomen slightly
wider ; bristles of body shorter ; those of fore tibize the same as
in the male. The middle tibie also have large bristles, arranged
on the same plan. Fourth joint of middle tarsus black ; fore and
middle tarsi rather darker than in the male.

Length 4 mm. ; of wing, the same.

Altitude 500 feet. May. Four males and six females.

In immature specimens the wings are hyaline.

4. Psilopus insularis, n. sp.

Wings hyaline, tegular cilia black, legs including fore cox
yellow, middle metatarsus of male ciliated.

6. Face wide bluish-green with silvery pollen. Palpi black,
with black hairs; proboscis yellow. Front wide and deeply
excavated, bright blue or green. Antenne black, the third joint
rather long, rounded at the end. Arista dorsal, slender, rather
long. In less mature specimens the third antennal joint is more
or less shrivelled. Thorax bright blue-green, scutellum more violet.
From above the root of the wing a distinct black stripe reaches
the humerus, becoming attenuated anteriorly. Pleure green,
white-dusted. Tegule and their cilia black. Halteres yellow.
Bristles of moderate size, four large ones on the scutellum.
Abdomen metallic-blue and green, with black bands nearly half the
width of the segments. Hypopygium black, small, at the tip with
a pair of small forcep-like organs of sordid grey colour. Bristles
and hair of abdomen rather long, black, at the sides basally the
hair is white. Legs wholly yellow, the tarsi but little darker,
Front cox yellow with fine yellowish hair, and near the end two
black bristles. Middle and hind cox black; the former with
white hairs and one or two black bristles, the latter on the outside
with a single black bristle and a few white hairs. Front and
middle metatarsi longer than their tibixe, the middle one with a
dense row of short, blunt, slightly curved cilia on the upper edge.
On the front side is a row of five er six small erect bristles.
Hind tibiz unusually hairy. This peculiarity extends over the
metatarsus and decreases on the following joints. Wings hyaline ;
posterior cross-vein straight, not very oblique, distant two-thirds

Dolichopodide of St. Vincent (West Indies). 345

its length from the margin. The anterior branch of fourth vein
makes an acute angle at its origin. Third vein not recurved
forward at its tip.

¢ Colour less inclined to blue and violet; third joint of
antenne short: bristles shorter; black bands of abdomen nar-
rower, comprising about one-third the segment. Middle meta-
tarsi not ciliated ; hind tibiz and tarsi only a little hairy.

Length 4-5 mm.; of wing, the same.

Sea-level to 1000 feet. Nine males and numerous
females.

LEPTORHETHUM.
Aldrich, Kans. Univ. Quart., July, 1893.

1. Leptorhethum angustatum. (Pl. XIL, fig. 108, wing
of 3.)

Aldrich, 1. ¢.

d. Small, green, legs yellow, abdomen yellow with green spots
above, wings narrowed at base, cilia of tegule yellow. Face narrow,
wider above and below (the eyes almost contiguous in the middle),
white pollinose, showing a little of the green ground colour below
theantenne. Antenne small, yellow, arista dorsal. Front bright-
green, not excavated (this may be owing to a little extent to the
shrivelled condition of the eyes in my only specimen), the lateral
bristles small. Proboscis and palpi yellow. Thorax bright-green,
the bristles mostly small. Pleurz green, white pollinose, the hind
margin yellow, halteres, tegule and their cilia yellow. Abdomen
yellow ; dorsum of first segment green except a line in front ;
second segment green on the last two-thirds above ; third segment
scarcely half green above, the colour not reaching the sides; fourth
segment with only a small spot of green; fifth and sixth except
the base and venter of the former, wholly green ; hypopygium
small, blackish, embedded, the small whitish lamellz protruding.
Legs, including cox, yellow ; tarsi but little infuscated ; front
cox long, almost entirely bare ; front metatarsi longer than the
tibia. Middle tibiz rather stout, above the middle on the fore
side with a rather prominent bristle. Metatarsi longer, on the
hind side with a very sparse row of small bristles, more dense near
the end, where they are quite brush-like. The following joints
simple, but oddly drawn up in my specimen. No noticeable
bristles on fore or hind legs. Wings hyaline, third vein recurved,
as figured, Length 2 mm.; of wing, 2°2 mm.

May. A single male.

346 Professor Williston on the

SYRPHIDAL.*

MERoMACRUS.
Rondani, Esam. di var. sp. Ins. Bras., 10, 1848.

1. Meromacrus pratorwm.

Syrphus pratorum, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 765; Ent.
Syst., iv., 286.

Eristalis pratorum, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 236;
Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 11., 166.

Pteroptila pratorum, Osten Sacken, Catalogue, 113 ;
Williston, Synopsis, 183.

Twelve specimens. Wiedemann’s description applies
well, save that it is not stated that the sutural thoracic
band is interrupted. The species will be distinguished
from M. ruficrus by the separated spots at the base of
the abdomen; from all the other known species by the
entirely yellowish red legs.

EristaLis.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins., xiv., 363, 1804.

1. Hristalis vinetorwm.

Syrphus vinetorum, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 562.

Eristalis vinetoruwm, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 235;
Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., ii., 163; Macquart,
Dipt. Exot., i., 2, 42; Williston, Synopsis North
Amer. Syrphide, 171, pl. vii., fig. 8 ; Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., xv., 280; Biologia Centr.-Amer. Dipt.,
i., 63; F. Lynch, A. Dipt. Argentina, Syrphide,
116; Giglio-Tos, Dit. Messic., ii., 7.

Eristalis trifasciatus, Say, J. Acad. Sci. Phil., vi.,
165 ; Compl. Wr., 11., 359.

Eristalis uvarum, Walker, List, iii., 623.

Hab. North, Central and South America, and the
West Indies.

* By S. W. Williston.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 347

VOLUCELLA.
1. Volucella obesa.

Syrphus obesus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 763. (For
synonymy, see Williston, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Dipt.,
i., 50
Six typical specimens of this cosmopolitan insect are
in the collection.

Volucella, sp. n.?

Three specimens belonging to the difficult group of
pallens, vesiculosa, ete. I cannot find any description
that will apply well to the specimens. They differ from
V. pallens, Wied., in the presence of a median and two
lateral facial stripes, in the hair of the mesonotum being
for the most part black, and in the presence of a large
black spot on the scutellum. From both V. vaga, Wied.,
and V. hyaloptera, Giglio-Tos, the facial stripe will dis-
tinguish the species, as well as other characters.

BaccHa.
Fabricius, Syst. Ant]., 199, 1805.

1. Baccha clavata.

Syrphus clavatus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 296.

Baccha clavata, Fabricius, Syst. Antl. 200 ; Wiedemann,
Auss. Zw. Ins., 11., 94; Schiner, Nov. Exped., 341 ;
Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Ent., xxvi., 10; Roeder, Stett.
Ent. Zeit. 1885, 842; Williston, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., xv., 270; Biol. Centr.-Amer. Dipt., iii.,
333; Giglio-Tos, Ditt. del Messic., 1., 57; Austen,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, 159; Hunter, Can.
Bint. xx Vill, 96:

Baccha bubista, Walker, List, 11., 549; Williston,
Synopsis N. A. Syrpb. 117, pl. iv., fig. 9 (Willis-
ton, Austen).

Baccha varia, Walker, List., i1., 549 (Austen).

Paragus scutellatus, Walker, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
xvii., 342 (Austen).

Baccha facialis, Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 504 (Willis-
ton).

Spazigaster bacchoides, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1883,
326 (Williston).

348 Professor Williston on the

Numerous specimens. The most northern habitat so
far given for this species is Nebraska, by Hunter; the
most southern one, Buenos Aires, by Lynch (Dipt.
Argentina, Syrphidz, 47). It is probably at home in all

the intervening regions, as well as the adjoining islands.

OcyeTaMUs.
1. Ocyptamus dimidiatus.

Syrphus dimidiatus, Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i, 434;
Ent. Syst., 310; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins, ii.,
140,

Scaeva dimidiata, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 254.

Chetlosia dimidiata, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 11., 2, 105,

Pipiza dolosa, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. New Ser., iv.,
156 (Austen).

Pipiza divisa, Walker, I. c. (Austen).

Ocyptamus dimidiatus, Schiner, Nov. Exped., 346;
Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Ent. xxvi., 10; Williston, Biol.
Centr.-Amer. Dipt., i1., 30; Giglio-Tos, Ditt. del
Messic., i1., 53; Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
18938, 134.

Baccha dimidiata, Williston, Synopsis N. A. Syrphidee,
120, pl. v., fig. 10.

Hab, Central and South America, and the West Indies.

ALLOGRAPTA.
Osten Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc., iii., 49, 1876.

1. Allograpta exotica.

Allograpta exotica, Wulp (nec Wiedemann), Tijdschr.,
v., Ent., xxvi., 2, pl. 1., fig. 2, Guadeloupe.

A single female specimen, agreeing fully with the
description of what Wulp thought was Weidemann’s
Syrphus exoticus. In the Biologia Centr.-Amer. I con-
sidered Wulp’s species doubtfully identical with A. fracta,
O. 8. Osten Sacken’s species, however, does not have
the scutellum broadly black, as did the specimens Wulp
described, and as does the specimen from St. Vincent
now before me. Wiedemann does not mention the spot
on the scutellum, and I doubt very much that it was pre-

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 349

sent in his specimen, as he could hardly have failed to
mention it, so conspicuous isit. If his “ schwarzlich
Erzfarbe”? means bright metallic green, or green-black,
then there can be but little doubt that Osten Sacken’s
A. fracta is the same as A. exotica. In the work cited I
mentioned a species from Mexico having an opaque,
dark green mesonotum, which I thought might be the
true A. ewotica. Lynch is wrong in uniting it with the
species having a shining mesonotum.

MusoGRaMMA.
Loew, Centur., ii., 290, 1872.

I have refrained from naming any of the numerous
species (with one exception) that have been described
from North and South America, in this genus, convinced,
as I am, that their great variability will require a thorough
monographic treatment, with abundant material, to
certainly distinguish them. Many of the species are very
abundant in warm, sunny places.

1. Mesogramma basilare, var. ?

Syrphus basilaris, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., u., 43.

Mesogramma soror, Schiner, Nov. Exped., 350.

Mesograpta basilaris,Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Ent., xxxvi.,
40, pl. i., fig. 8.

Mesogramma ——?, Williston, Biol. Centr.-Amer.
Dipt., ii., 25.

Mesogramma basilare, Giglio-Tos, Ditt. del Messic.,
i, 45.

Hab. Mexico, Brazil, Argentine Republic.

Ten specimens, labelled “ Fitzhugh Valley, 500 feet,
Cacao orchard.”?’ They differ very materially from the
typical forms, but I believe that they represent a variety
only. The female described by me in the work above
cited certainly belongs with the males, though Giglio-
Tos thinks that they differ too much to belong with them.
The scutellum in these specimens has a narrow yellow
border, and the abdomen is wholly red and yellow, the
first segment alone excepted. ‘There is a narrow, black-
ish, pre-apical rmg on the hind femora, and the hind
metatarsi are brownish ; otherwise the legs are wholly

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PpartT 111. (sEPT.) 24

350 Professor Williston on the

yellow. The female has a broad median black stripe on
the face, and the abdomen has obscure blackish markings,
in the shape of two slender, approximated, median stripes ;
the hind margin of the segments is brownish,

2. Mesogramma. laciniosa.
Mesogramma laciniosa, Loew, Centur., vi., 50.—Cnba.

Several female specimens I refer doubtfully to this
species. ‘The third and fourth abdominal segments have
each two oval, oblique, black spots, and the posterior
bands with a geminate, anteriorly dilated, slender pro-
longation in the middle, their anterior margin on each
side concave; the fifth sezment has three anterior, oval,
black spots.

3. Mesogramma bosci,

Syrphus boset, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., u1., 2, pl. xvii.,
fig. 2.

Syrphus gurges, Walker, Dipt. Saund., 236 (Osten
Sacken).

Hab. Carclina, Alabama, Florida.

Several female specimens that agree with the descrip-
tion, save that the second abdominal segment is black,
with a median, interrupted, yellow stripe. Mr. Hunter
thinks that this species is identical with M. parvula,
Loew, and he may be right.

4, Mesogramina, sp.

3, @. Face yellow. Antenne reddish yellow. Frontal tri-
angle and the lateral margin of the female front yellow ; vertical
triangle black. Mesonotum with an entire yellow, lateral stripe.
Scutellum black, with a yellow border. First two abdominal seg-
ments black, the first with the anterior angles, the second with a
broad median, band yellow ; third and fourth segments each with
a quadrangular spot posteriorly on each side, and a small spot on
the front margin, together with a median, partly obsolete, geminate
stripe. Fifth segment with three spots. Legs yellow; hind
femora with a broad black ring; hind tibiz and tarsi brown; middle
femora with a partly obsolete spot on the upper side distally.
Length, 7-8 mm.

Sixteen specimens. The hind femora are a little stouter
than usual.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 351
PIPUNCULIDA.

PIeuNCULUS.

Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins., xiv., 1804.

1. Pipunculus aculeatus, (Pl. XIL., figs. 87, wing ;
87a, antenna.)

Pipunculus aculeatus, Williston, Biol. Cent.-Amer.
Dipt., 11., 88.—Mexico.
Five specimens. Agreeing quite with the description.
I am not able to compare the type specimen, but I believe
the determination is pretty certain. In most of the
specimens, the middle of the hind femora is brown.

2, Pipunculus politus, n. sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 88, wing.)

&, @. Small cross-vein situated at or beyond the tip of the
first longitudinal vein; penultimate section of the fourth vein
scarcely longer than the antepenultimate section ; abdomen wholly
shining. Length 4 mm.

Face and front black, silvery pubescent. Antenne black, the
third joint more or less yellowish at the tip, less produced than in
P. aculeatus. Mesonotum shining, scarcely pollinose. Abdomen
wholly shining black. Legs black ; the extreme tip of the femora,
the base of the tibiz, and the first three or four joints of the tarsi
yellow. Femora stout, without distinct spines on the underside.
Wings hyaline ; no stigmatic spot ; small cross-vein opposite or a
little before the middle of the discal cell ; second longitudinal vein
short.

Five specimens. In one of the specimens the small
cross-vein is distinctly before the middle of the discal
cell, and opposite the termination of the first vein.

TACHINIDA.

CISTOGASTER.

Latreille, Cuvier’s Regne Anim., v., 1829.
1, Cistogaster insularis, n. sp.
6,¢. First three segments of the abdomen shining; first
posterior cell petiolate. Length 5-6 mm.
¢. Front at the vertex about as wide as the length of the

antenne ; bright golden yellow, with an opaque median black
stripe. Antenne black, the third joint at the base red, the second

352 Professor Williston on the

joint also, more or less reddish ; third joint a half longer than the
second. Face ashy grey, somewhat yellowish in the middle below ;
a slender black line on either side running from the root of the
antenne. Palpireddish yellow. Dorsum of thorax opaque golden
yellow, with two median slender stripes, and a lateral, broader
one, anteriorly abbreviated, black. Abdomen wholly reddish-
yellow, with black hairs ; fourth segment and the third, save an
interrupted band, light golden opaque-yellow. Tegule light yellow.
Legs black. Wings uniformly subhyaline ; first posterior cell
closed at some distance from the margin.

Q. Sides of front and the face silvery grey, a little yellowish
near the vertex. Mesonotum densely yellowish grey pollinose,
with two median brown lines and a broad, shining, black stripe on
each side. Abdomen shining black, the third and fourth segments
opaque greyish white, save a posterior interrupted band on the
third, and two small spots on the fourth. Tegule white.

Six males and two females. The species closely

resembles some of the varieties of C. occidua, Walker,
but seems sufficiently distinct in the pollinose markings

of the abdomen and the petiolate first posterior cell,

which is closed at some distance from the margin.

TRICHOPODA.
Latreille, in Cuvier’s Regne Animal., v., 512, 1829.

1. Trichopoda pennipes. (Pl. XI., fig. 100, wing.)

Musca pennipes, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 348.

Dictya pennipes, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 327.

Trichopoda pennipes, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 1.,
274; Desvoidy, Myodaires, 288 ; ; Wulp, Tijdschr.
V5 Ent., xxvi., 15 ; Biol. Centr. -Amer. Dip ts Anes
Brauer and Berg. ., Muse. Selizctad9:

Phasia jugatoria, Say, Compl. Wr., He 64.

Hab. United States; West Indies; Central and South
America.

Five specimens.
ELACHIPALPUS.

Rondani, Esap. Ditt., Ann. di Bologna, 1850.
1. Elachipalpus macrocerus. (Pl. XL, fig. 99, wing.)

Tachina macrocera, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 11., 290.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 309

Cuphocera macrocera, Schiner, Nov. Exped., 330;
v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr., v., Hnt., xxvi., 22.

Elachipalpus macrocerus, Brauer and Berg., Musc.
Schizometopa, 11., 102.

Hab. Brazil.

Five specimens, agreeing with others from Brazil m
my collection.

JURINIA.
Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires, 34, 1830.
1. Jurinia, sp. (Pl. XI., fig. 88a, antenna.)

$,9.- In structure and size almost identical with J. apicifera,
Walk. Front shining black, through the rather thin pollen.
Mesonotum shining green-black, very thinly pollinose. Tegule
deep brown. Abdomen deep blue-black throughout. Otherwise
as in J. apicifera.

This species is different from any that I know, either
from North or South America, and may be new. Still,
the wide distribution of the species of this genus renders
it probable that it has been described from other regions
in America.

2. Jurinia apicifera. (Pl. XI., fig. 89, antenna.)

Jurinia apicifera, Walker, List, iv., 720; Williston,

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xiii., 300; Townsend,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xix., 90, xxil., 70; Calif.
Acad. Sci., iv., 618.

Hab. United States; Canada; San Domingo;
Mexico.

Numerous specimens which agree quite with others
from various localities in the United States, Canada, and
San Domingo.

Gonta.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., u., 1803.
1. Gonta pallens. (Pl. XI., fig. 90, antenna of ¢.)
Gonta pallens, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., 11, 346 ;
Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 1., 3, 50; EH. Lynch, A.,
An. Soc. Cient. “Ane isay op. vau.;-¥. d. Walp;
Tijdschr. voor Ent., xxvi., 23; Biologia Cent.-
Amer. Dipt., 11.,39; Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., xix., 95.

354 Professor Williston on the

Gonia chilensis, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i., 3, 51, pl. v.,
fig. 4; Blanchard, Gay’s Hist. Fis. y. Pol. de
Chile, vii., 422, pl. iv., fig. 20; Roeder, Stett. Ent.
Zeit., 1885, 345.

Gonia angusta, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., u., 3, 51, pl. 5,
fig. 5; Walker, List, iv., 798.

Gonia lineata, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv., 178.

Hab. South America; Mexico; West Indies.

One specimen, which with much probability is con-
specific with those from Cuba, referred to G. chilensis,
by Macquart. That the species is the same as G. pallens
is, to me, somewhat doubtful. It therefore seems worth
while to give a better description of our specimen.

&. Claws small: sides of the face with bristles ; third joint of
the antennz seven or eight times as long as the second joint. Front
and face light yellow, silvery white pollinose, the sides of the
front subtranslucent, as though oiled; sides of the face with
sparse, short, black bristles. Cheeks bare. Antenne black.
Median depression of the face wider than the sides; no bristles on
its ridges. Dorsum of thorax grey pollinose, somewhat shining.
Scutellum largely yellow. Abdomen narrow; yellowish red ; first
segment under the scutellum, second and third with a slender
median stripe, and the posterior part of the fourth black ; pollen
inconspicuous, except posteriorly. Tegule white. Wings sub-
hyaline ; the costal, subcostal, and marginal cells markedly yellow ;
veins elsewhere narrowly clouded with the same yellow colour or
a dark brown. Claws and pulvilli small, not as long as the last
joint of the tarsi. Length 11 mm.

PHOROCERA.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires, 131, 1830.

1. Phorocera (Prospherysa?) puer, n. sp. (Pl. XL,
tig. Y1, head of ¢.)

g. Eyes very sparsely pilose, the scattered hairs visible only
under careful examination. Front about as wide as the eye, the
lateral, silver-grey margins narrower than the broad, brownish-red,
median stripe ; the frontal bristles reach nearly to the base of the
third antennal joint. First and second joints of the antenne red ;
third joint black, four or five times as long as the second. Face
and cheeks silver-grey, the lower part of the face and the cheeks

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 355

yellowish in ground colour. Mesonotum thickly grey pollinose,
with five black stripes, the lateral ones interrupted. Abdomen
flattened ovate ; shining black, with the anterior part of the
second and third segments opaque grey; first segment without
median bristles ; second segment with a pair of marginal ones ;
third segment with a posterior row ; fourth segment bristly on the
posterior half. Legs black; claws elongate. Calyptre white.
Wings cinereous hyaline. Length 44 mm.

One specimen. Prospherysa seems to differ from
Phorocera only in the bare eyes, and the eyes of this
specimen are, practically bare, so that it is a question
whether or not this species should not be located in
that genus. The cross-veins on the outer side of the
wing are more than usually oblique, still hardly as much
so as in Plagiau. The genus Plagioprospherysa, 'Towns.,
which is synonymous with Prosopodes, B. and B., was
based upon this character alone, and is to me hardly
entitled to acceptance.

EXorIstTa.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., i1., 1803.
1. Exorista nobilis, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 92, head of ¢.)

¢. Front somewhat prominent, only a little narrowed behind ;
above, equal to about one-fourth of the width of the head ; light
golden-yellow in colour, with an opaque black stripe, which is
narrowed above; vertical bristles strong ; ocellar bristles small,
proclinate ; the single row of frontal bristles descends nearly to the
base of the third antennal joint; the sides have only a few short
weak hairs. Sides of the face yellow above, silvery below ; in
width not equal to one-third of that of the median depression ;
four or five bristles on the vibrissal ridges, extending, in some cases,
nearly to the middle of the face ; median depression silvery-white.
Cheeks narrow, bare, silvery. Proboscis black ; palpi and labella
yellow. Antenne nearly black, the first two joints and the base
of the third rufous ; third joint five or six times as long as the
second. Thorax densely grey pollinose ; mesonotum with two
slender median stripes, reaching from the pronotum to beyond
the suture ; anda broad shining stripe on each side, interrupted
by the suture, and abbreviated in front and behind. Scutellum
grey, with six bristles. Abdomen elongate and narrow, black
throughout ; the second, third, and fourth segments broadly and

356 Professor Williston on the

densely grey pollinose in front ; first and second segments with a
single pair of strong median bristles ; third segment with a
posterior row ; fourth bristly on the posterior half. Legs black ;
posterior surface of the front femora broadly grey pollinose ; claws
and the yellowish-brown pulvilli nearly as long as the last two
joints taken together ; hind tibiz with strong, unequal bristles on
the posterior side. Tegule white. Wings nearly hyaline, or with
a light blackish tint ; small cross-vein a little before the middle of
the discal cell.

Q. Front less yellowish, and with orbital bristles; pulvilli
and ungues not longer than the fifth tarsal joint.

Length 9-11 mm.

Five specimens. ‘This species is, apparently, an
Exorista in the sense of Brauer and Bergenstamm.

ATROPHOPODA.

Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xix., 378, 1892;
Vanderwulpia, Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
xix., 381, 1892 ; Microchira, Brauer and Bergen-
stamm, Musc. Schizometopa, i., 138, 1893;
Wulpia, Brauer and Bergenstamm, I.c., 1893.

1. Atrophopoda townsendii, n. sp. (Pl. XL, figs. 93,
head and part of antenna of ¢ ; 93a, tarsusof d ;
93b, tarsus of ¢ ; 93c, wing.)

3d, 2. Frontal row of bristles descending to the lower border
of the eyes; eyes bare ; costa with spine ; first posterior cell long

petiolate. Male clawsand pulvilli not enlarged. Length 4-5 mm.

Front shining bluish beneath the silvery pollen, the median stripe
black. Face silvery ; sides narrow. Antenne black; second joint
red ; third joint seven or eight times longer than the second in the
male ; in the female more slender and a little shorter ; arista in the
male bare, in the female with long pubescence, subplumose. Palpi
yellow, a little dilated at the tip. Thorax bluish-grey, opaque ;
mesonotum with two, rather broad, deep-brown stripes, extending
from the front margin to the scutellum. Abdomen long-ovate in
shape : opaque bluish-grey ; the first segment and the posterior part
of the second and third segments shining black, the black reaching
well toward the front margin in the middle ; first, second, and third
segments with a pair of erect marginal bristles ; third segment
with a single lateral ene ; fourth segment with a posterior row.

Legs black ; pulvilli and ungues of the male small on all the feet ;

of the female, rudimentary on the front pair, the terminal joints

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 357

compressed. Wings brownish, deeper along the veins, hyaline on
the posterior margin, first posterior cell closed and rather long
petiolate, terminating in the margin a little distance before the tip ;
costa with spine; third vein bristly before the cross-vein, the first
vein bare.

Southern end of the island. May. Open ground,
near sea, on herbage. Six females and two males.

2. Atrophopoda braueri, u. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 94, head
of 3 ; 94, tarsus of ¢ ; 94b, tarsus of ¢ ; 94c, wing.)
&, @. Frontal bristles descending to the border of the eyes ;

eyes very sparsely hairy; arista pubescent in the female; costa

with spine ; first posterior cell narrowly open at the tip ; all the

claws and putvilli of male much elongated. Length 5-6 mm.
Face a little less receding than in A. townsendii, narrower, and the

front of more equal width. Third joint of antennz not more than
four times the length of the second joint. Sides of front hght-
yellow pollinose. Face silvery-white ; median frontal stripe black.
Antenne deep brown or black ; the second joint red; arista in the
male bare, or almost imperceptibly pubescent; in the female
distinctly pubescent. Thorax silvery-grey, with two broad, deep
brown or black stripes extending the full length of the mesonotum.
Abdomen long-ovate, shining black, the anterior portion of
segments two, three, and four silvery-grey ; first segment with
lateral, hut no median bristles ; second segment with lateral and a
pair of marginal bristles; third and fourth segments with a
posterior row. Legs black ; all the claws and pulvilli of the male
much elongated ; those of the four posterior feet of the female
small, on the front feet rudimentary, and their terminal tarsal
joints compressed. Wings nearly uniformly brownish or sub-
hyaline ; first vein with hairs throughout ; third vein with hairs
as far as the small cross-vein: first posterior ceil terminating near
the tip of the wing, narrowly open, its angle obtuse and without
stump.

Twenty specimens.

It will be seen from the generic synonymy given above
that I take a different view of the value of the characters in
this genus, from that of Messrs. ‘Townsend, Bergenstamm,
and Brauer. Iam opposed to the principle that a genus
is necessary for every described species in this family,
and refrain from here adding two more for the preceding

358 Professor Williston on the

species. It is with much regret that I reduce the above
names to synonyms, for the worthy entomologist whose
name they commemorate deserves better at the hands of
his zealous confreres.

There are now seven known species :—A. singularis,
Towns. ; Vanderwulpia atrophopodoides, Towns.; _ V.
sequens, Towns. ; Microchira mexicana, B. & B.; Wulpia
aperta, B. & Be and the ones deserbed Above all
markedly characterized by the rudimentary front claws
of the female, and having the general markings and
structure all very similar. No two, however, save per-
haps the two species of Vanderwulpia, agree in their
structural characters. ‘Townsend made the error, appa-
rently, of mistaking females for males, describing the front
claws as rudimentary in both sexes, while, without doubt,
in all the species they are alone rudimentary in the female.*
Perhaps a grouping of the described characters will bring
out more clearly the value of those which have been
used for distinguishing the genera.

HKyes hairy. A. singularis, M. mexicana, A. Brauert.

Frontal bristles descending to the cheeks. <A. singu-
lavis, A. Townsendi, A. Brauert.

Frontal bristles not descending below antenne. V.
atrophopodoides, V.sequens, M. mexicana, W. aperta.

First posterior cell open. A. Braueri, W. aperta.

First posterior cell closed in the margin or short
petiolate. A. singularis, V. sequens.

First posterior cell long petiolate. V. atrophopodoides,
A. Townsendi.

Costal spime present. A. singularis, M. mexicana,
W. aperta, A. Townsendi, A. Braueri.

Male claws normal. A. Townsendi.

Male claws elongate. A. Braweri. (Other males un-
known.)

Undoubtedly other mutations of these characters will
appear among species yet to be made known.

I will add, that, in the two males of A. Townsendi,
there is a single, well-developed orbital bristle; in the
males of A. Braueri, there are none; in all the females
there are two.

“ Townsend has since recognized the males, and suspects that
itiaanure Towns., is alsoa synonym of this genus (Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., XXXii., 77, 1895).

Diptera of St. Vineent (West Indies). 359

Dipyma.
V.d.Wulp, Biologia Centrali-Amer., Diptera, 11., 156, 1890.

1. Didyma calyptrata,n.sp. (PI. XI., fig. 95, head of ¢.)

&. Front above equal to about one-fourth of the width of the
head, a little broader below ; silvery grey on the sides, the median
stripe black, narrower above, and narrower than the sides. Sides
of the face grey, the median depression darker. The frontal
bristles descend as far as the base of the third antennal joint, and
nearly as far as the uppermost of the vibrissal bristles. Eyes
clothed thickly with dusky pile. Antenne black, shorter than the
face, the third joint four or five times longer than the second ;
arista thickened at the base. Proboscis black, the palpi yellowish.
Thorax black ; mesonotum shining, very thinly pollinose, and with-
out distinct stripes. Scutellum black. Abdomen short-oval ;
black, with thinly pollinose bands on the anterior part of the
segments ; first and second segment with marginal bristles ; third
with a posterior row ; fourth with the posterior part bristly. Legs
black ; hind tibize with unequal bristles. Tegulze large, yellowish-
white. Wings greyish-hyaline ; small cross-vein at the middle
of the discal cell; angle of fourth vein broadly rounded ; first
posterior cell terminating just before the tip, narrowly open.
Length 4 mm.

Two specimens. The female specimen has the front
broader, the eyes sparsely pilose, the mesonotum more
distinctly pollinose, and with two narrow black stripes in
front; the abdomen broader, and the marginal bristles
of the first and second segments possibly wanting.
There is a pair of orbital bristles present in both sexes.

DeGEenia.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vii., 249, 1838.

1. Degeeria nigriventris, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 96, head
of ¢.)

g. Abdomen shining black; discal bristles present ; wings
hyaline. Length 4 mm.

Front only a little narrower above, equal in width to about one-
fourth of that of the head ; median stripe very broad, opaque-
black ; sides grey, at the vertex shining black. Face opaque-
grey, sides very narrow; vibrissal row of bristles extending

360 Professor Williston on the

nearly to the base of the third joint, and nearly to the lowermost
one of the frontal row. Antenne black, reaching very nearly to
the vibrissz ; third joint six or seven times as long as the second,
Mesonotum shining black, the sides in front pollinose. Abdomen
shining black ; first segment with marginal bristles; second and
third segments with both marginal and discal ones, the latter with
two additional posterior ones on each side; fourth segment bristly
on the posterior part. Legs black. Tegule nearly white. Wings
hyaline ; posterior cross-vein straight, situated in the middle be-
tween the anterior cross-vein and the bend of the fourth vein, the
angle obtuse and without stump ; last section of the fourth vein
gently concave, terminating very near the tip of the wing. No
costal spine.
Three specimens.

BEsKIA,
Brauer and Bergenstamm, Denksch. K. Acad. Wiss-
ensch., lvi., 139, 1889 ; Ocypterosipho, 'Townsend,
J. N. York Ent. Soc., 1i., 79, 1894.

1. Beskia cornuta. (Pl. XI., figs. 97, head of $; 97a,
wing.)
Beskia cornuta, Brauer and Bergenstamm, Dencksch.
K. Acad. Wissench., lvi., 139, fig. 276.
Ocypterosipho willistoni, Townsend, 1. c.
Hab. San Domingo (Coll. Williston), Brazil (B. B.).
Several specimens ; agreeing well with the description.

DEXIIDA.
RHYNCHODEXIA.

Bigot, Bullet. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1885, p. xi.

1. Rhynchodexia sororia, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 98,
head of ¢.)

$, @- Thorax and scutellum cinereous, with black stripes.
Abdomen of male red, with a black stripe ; of the female, black ;
palpi yellow, brown at the tip. Legs black. Length 9-13 mm.

$. Head lght opaque, golden-yellow, the cheeks more ashy ;
ground-colour of the lower part of the face and the cheeks yellow.
First two joints of the antenne, and the base of the third, red ;
third joint a little more than twice the length of the second ; arista

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 361

thickened on the basal portion, plumose ; second antennal joint
prominent, and with bristles. Proboscis black; palpi slender,
yellow, brownish at tip, a little broader on the distal portion.
Mesonotum cinereous, with variable reflections, and with three
broad black stripes, and on each side of the median stripe a
narrow black Jine ; scutellum cinereous, its base black and tip red.
Abdomen conical, yellowish red, with a broad black stripe, some-
times interrupted at the sutures ; cinereous pollinose, variable in
different reflections ; clothed with short black hairs and stout
macrochet, as follows: three or four lateral ones on the first
segment, as many lateral ones on the second segment, and three
pairs of median ones; anterior, lateral ones, and a thick-set posterior
row on the third segment; the fourth segment covered. Legs
black, the middle of all the tibiz red or reddish ; front femora
with a conspicuous row of long bristles on the under side ; middle
femora with a fewer number forming a similar row ; hind tibize
with about three pairs on the posterior side ; claws and the
yellowish brown pulvilli somewhat longer than the last tarsal joint.
Tegule yellow. Wings cinereous hyaline, the anterior cells
yellowish ; small cross-vein at the middle of the discal cell ; angle
of fourth vein rounded.

@. Front above less than one-fourth the width of the head; a
pair of reclinate vertical, and two pairs of orbital bristles present.
Abdomen black, with strong white reflections ; the fifth segment
red ; first segment with a single lateral bristle ; second with one
lateral and discal and marginal; third segment with a discal pair
and posterior row ; fourth segment wholly covered.

Numerous specimens. ‘This species is apparently an

Hudewia, B. & B., and seems nearest allied to P. fraterna,
v. d. Wulp.

SARCOPHAGIDA.
SARCOPHILODES,

Brauer and Bergenstamm, Denkschr. der K. Acad.
Wissensch., lvi., 164, 1889.

1. Sarcophilodes puella, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 120bis,
head of ¢.)

¢, 9. Front broad, the median stripe scarcely one-third of its
breadth ; at the upper corner of the eyes with two bristles, the
inner longer one recurved, the outer one directed obliquely out-
ward; a pair of proclinate ocellar bristles ; and two orbital bristles,
the upper one reclinate the lower one proclinate ; on either side of

362 Professor Williston on the

the median stripe with about four or five rather strong bristles ;
front of the female of the same width as that of the male, but
with two additional proclinate, orbital bristles. Third joint of the
antenne not more than three times the length of the second, the
arista moderately plumose on the basal half. Sides of the face and
the cheeks bare, the latter with bristles on the lower margin.
Mesonotum with well-developed centro-dorsal bristles extending
in front of the suture. Scutellum with two well-developed bristles
on each lateral margin, but without a marginal apical pair. Abdo-
men short, oval; second and third segments each with a pair of
marginal bristles, the third with two additional lateral marginal
ones, and the fourth with a posterior row ; hypopygium without
bristles. ibis: without long hair, the bristles irregular. Third
vein of the wings setulose at the proximal end, the distal section
not sinuous; anterior cross-vein nearly opposite the end of the
first vein and at the middle of the discal cell, the distance from the
anterior cross-vein to the posterior cross-vein equal to the length
from the latter to the angle; posterior cross-vein much less oblique
than the apical cross-vein ; angle of the fourth vein with a fold,
but not distinctly appendiculated ; first posterior cell narrowly
open before the border of the wing. Head yellowish-grey ;
frontal stripe red or brownish-red ; antennee black. Mesonotum
with three deep brown stripes, about as wide as the grey between
them. Abdomen oqaque yellowish-grey, changeable in different
reflection, with a median stripe and a row of three rather small
spots on each side; hypopygium grey. Legs black. Wings hyaline.
Length 4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. The present
species does not wholly agree with the definition of the
genus, as given by Brauer and Bergenstamm. It differs
in having the first posterior cell open and inappendiculate,
and in having the hypopygium rather small. It may be
a Sarcophagula, Wulp.

SaRCOPHAGA.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., v., 14, 1826.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
1. Hypopygium or anal segmentsred . . . ...... 2
Hypopygium or anal segments black or grey . . 5
2. Hypopygium large, with abundant black hair and stiri
bristles ; scutellum with three pairs of stout bristles ;
posterior tibia of males with long hair . . otéosa, n. sp.
Tibis of male without long hair.) 2 © ). se. ee eee

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 363

3. First segment of the hypopygium with well-developed
bristles on its posterior margin ; first longitudinal vein
with a few bristles at its proximal end; scutellum
without apical bristles. . . . . . . chetopygialis.

First segment of the hypopygium on bristles on its
hind margin ; scutellum with a pair of apical bristles . 4

4. Hypopygium large, both segments red, black hair ; meso-
notum without black bristles in front. concinnata, n. sp.
Hypopygium small, its first segment black . . pavida,n. sp.
. First longitudinal vein without bristles . . mécropygialis, n. sp.
First longitudinal vein with bristles . . . . . . . ~~ sp.

On

1. Sarcophaga micropygialis, n. sp.

6. Front above in width less than the length of the third
antennal joint ; vertex with two strong proclinate bristles, a little
in advance of the ocelli another, smaller, pair of reclinate bristles,
apparently the beginning of the rather long ones composing the
frontal rows; ocelli with two proclinate bristles. Sides of the
face narrow, not more than one-half the width of the median flat-
tened surface ; a row of minute bristles near the eyes, otherwise
bare. The bare, hair-like tip of the arista about as long as the
plumose portion. Cheeks with black hair, on the inferior
margin with black bristles, reaching to the stout vibrisse,
which are situated only a little distance above the oral margin.
In colour, the sides of the front and face, the cheeks and the
posterior orbits are light golden yellow, opaque central portion
of the face grey; frontal stripe and the antenne black. Black
stripes of the mesonotum broad ; the mesonotum with black
hair and with four rows of well-developed bristles, reaching
to the front part. Scutellum with four stout bristles, and
in the middle of the apical border a pair of minute bristles,
closely approximated. Abdomen black, scarcely at all shining,
the second and third segments each with four oval spots, some-
what variable in different reflections; third segment with a
pair of median marginal bristles ; fourth segment with a strong,
posterior row of bristles, and an oval black spot on each side
anteriorly ; hypopygium small, black, grey or yellowish-grey
pollinose, its first segment with a row of black bristles before its
posterior margin. Legs black; middle tibiz with a single stout
bristle on its posterior side near the middle; hind tibie with several
bristles and without long hair on the inner side ; pulvilli long.
Wings nearly hyaline; first longitudinal vein without bristles ;
third vein with bristles for more than half the distance to the

364 Professor Williston on the

anterior cross-vein, the latter situated at the middle of the discal
cell; distance from the anterior cross-vein to the posterior cross-vein
more than three times that from the latter to the angle of the
fourth vein. Length 9 mm.

2. Sarcophaga concinnata, n. sp.

4. Agrees with S. otiosa throughout, except that the middle and
hind tibize are wholly without the thick long hair on the inner side,
and the femora have less hair below. The specimens, moreover,

seem to be less thickly hairy than in that species, and the size is

less. Length 9-11 mm.

With the three specimens presenting the above char-
acters, there are four females which may belong with
them, but from their larger size, I suspect are S. otiosa.
The front is broader than in the males; there are four
well-developed bristles along the orbit and two orbital,
proclinate bristles; the black stripes of the mesonctum
seem a little narrower; the fifth abdominal segment is
red, the legs are without the long hair, and the claws are
a little shorter. It is possible that the species is
identical with S. chrysostoma, Wied.

3. Sarcophaga otiosa, n. sp.

@. Front narrow above, at the vertex the width is about equal
to the length of the third antennal joint ; at each superior angle of
the eyes there is a stout bristle directed backwards ; a little way in
front of these there is a single, smaller bristle on each side ; along
the edge of the frontal stripe, a row of thick-set bristles, short
above, but becoming successively longer below. Sides of the face
bare, except a row of minute bristles situated close to the eyes.
The antennz reach nearly to the stout vibrisse ; arista long and
densely plumose. Cheeks light-golden pilose, with a row of black
bristles on the inferior margin, reaching to the vibrisse ; vibrisse
situated at some distance above the oral margin. In colour, the
sides of the front and of the face are opaque, light golden-yellow,
the frontal stripe, the antenne, and the vibrissal ridges black, the
last greyish pollinose. Stripes of the mesonotum broad and deep
black ; mesonotum with abundant black hair, but without bristles,
except on the posterior part. Scutellum with three pairs of stout
bristles, the apical pair approximated and cruciate. Abdomen
marmorate, metallic-black and yellowish-grey, variable in different

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 365

reflections; third segment with two or four, median, marginal
bristles and two lateral ones ; fourth segment with a row of strong
marginal ones ; hypopygium large, reddish-yellow, thickly clothed
with black hair or pile, its first segment without bristles. Legs
stout, metallic-black; front femora pollinose behind; middle tibiz,
except on the basal third, and the hind tibie throughout, with
abundant long black pile; all the femora have rather abundant
pile on the under-side ; middle tibiz with a single stout bristle on
the outer-side, near the middle, the hind tibiz with four or five,
besides the terminal ones, Wings nearly hyaline; first longi-
tudinal vein bare, the third with a few bristles at the extreme
base ; outer cross-veins in nearly the same straight line, the
posterior cross-vein joining the fourth vein beyond the middle of
the distance between the anterior cross-vein and the angle. Claws
elongate. Length 12-13 mm.

Five specimens. There are no ocellar bristles. It is
not improbable that the female of this species is that
mentioned under the preceding.

4, Sarcophaga pavida, n. sp.

6. Width of the front above greater than the length of the
third antennal joint ; at the angle of the eyes above a strong
reclinate bristle ; below the ocelli on either side, forming the
beginning of the frontal row (the bristles of which are distinctly
smaller) there are two, strong reclinate bristles; ocelli with two
small, proclinate bristles. A row of minute bristles on the sides of
the face near the eyes ; otherwise bare. Cheeks with yellow hair
and with black bristles on its lower margin. In colour, the sides of
the front of the face, the cheeks, and the posterior orbits are light
golden-yellow, the median facial depression grey, the frontal
stripe and the antenne black. Black stripes of the mesonotum
rather broader than the intervening grey stripes; bristles of
the mesonotum extending to the front. Scutellum with two stout
bristles on each lateral border, and a pair of smaller, approximated,
cruciate ones at the tip. Abdomen black, shining ; the second,
third and fourth segments each with four oval, grey spots,
changeable in different reflections ; third segment with median
marginal bristles ; hypopygium small, its first segment yellowish-
grey, almost wholly concealed, the posterior segment shining-red,
with black hair. Legs black; middle tibize with two median
exterior bristles, the lower one stout ; hind tibize without hair on
the inner side. Wings greyish-hyaline ; first longitudinal vein
without bristles ; outer cross-veins in nearly the same direction ;

TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Pparri. (SEPY.) 20

366 Professor Williston on the

anterior cross-vein at the middle of the discal cell; the distance
between the cross-veins is less than three times that from the
posterior one to the angle. Length 9 mm.

g. <A single strong reclinate bristle at the beginning of the
frontal row ; two proclinate, orbital bristles on each side ; fifth
abdominal segment very small, nearly concealed, red; front a little
broader above.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

5. Sarcophaga chetopygialis, n. sp.

¢. Width of the front above less than the length of the
third antennal joint ; a stout reclinate bristle at the angle of the
eyes, another, less strong, forming the beginning of the frontal
rows; and a pair of small, proclinate ocellar bristles. Bristle of
the antennz plumose nearly to the extremity. Sides of the face
bare; cheeks with black hairs. The dorso-central bristles of
the mesonotum extend to the front; black stripes of the
mesonotum much broader than the grey intervals. Scutellum with
two stout bristles on each side, and without the apical pair.
Abdomen shining black, with four rows of grey spots, only
moderately changeable in different reflections. Hypopygium
prominent, shining red, the first segment with well-developed
bristles on its hind margin ; hair sparse, black. Wings distinctly
greyish-hyaline ; first and third veins with bristles ; posterior
cross-vein distinctly less oblique than the apical cross-vein ;
anterior cross-vein at the middle of the discal cell. Length 7-8 mm.

@. Front a little broader above; anal segment red, small,
nearly concealed ; front with orbital bristles.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

MUSCIDA.
Mosca.
Linné, Fauna Suecica, 1763.
1. Musca domestica.
Musca domestica, Linné, ete.—Cosmopolitan.
Musca harpyia, Harris, Ent. Correspond., 335.—
North America.
Stomoxys.
Geoffroy, Hist. des Ins., i., 1764.
1. Stomoxys calcitrans, Linné, etc.—Cosmopolitan.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 367

Lucitia.
Robineau Desvoidy, Myodaires, 452, 1830,

1. Lucilia (Compsomyia) macellaria.

Musca macellaria, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 776 (for
the extensive bibliography and synonymy, see
Lynch A., An. Soc. Cient. Arg., x., 71, 233).—
North and South America.

2. Lucilia ruficornis.

? Lucilia ruficornis, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suappl.,
198; Schiner, Reise der Novara, Dipt., 304;
Roeder, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xii., 347; Bigot, in
Ramon de la Sagra. Nat. Hist., 821.—Colombia
(Macq.), Chile (Schiner), Cuba (Bigot), Porto
Rico (Roeder).

? Lucilia cluvia, Walker, List, iv., 885.—West Indies.
,£ Musea insularis, Walker, Dipt., Saund., 340.—West

Indies.
I do not feel quite sure of the determination.

ANTHOMYIIDA.
OPpHYRA.

Robineau Desvoidy, Myodaires, 516, 1830.

1. Ophyra xnescens. (Pl. XII, figs. 120, head of ¢ ;
120a, wing.)
Anthomyia xnescens, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., i1.,
435.—New Orleans, West Indies.
Ophyra exnescens, Macquart, Dipt. Hxot. ler Suppl.,
203; Roeder, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1885.—Texas
(Macq.), Porto Rico (Roeder).

&. Deep shining green black, the face and legs black. Eyes
nearly contiguous. Front below with short bristles. Antenne
dark-red ; arista slender, bare. A small spot in the middle above
the antenne ; the face and the cheeks light, silvery pollinose ;
oral and cheek bristles small. Proboscis short; palpi yellow.
Abdomen ovate, with rather dense, erect, black hair; bristles at
the tip slender and not long. Wings lightly tinged with brown.
Hind tibiz simple. Length 5 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

368 Professor Williston on the

Lispa.
Latreille, Precis, etc., 1796.

1. Lispa uliginosa.

Lispa uliginosa, Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Musce., 93 ;
Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeit., viii, 24; Kowarz,
Wien. Ent. Zeit., xi—EHurope, North America.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

CYRTONEURA.
Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 11., 274, 1835.

1. Cyrtoneura maculipennis, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., figs. 121,
head of ¢ ; 121la, wing.)

d. Eyes bare, separated at the vertex by a space not twice the
width of the ocellar tubercle. Front with a median, narrow, black
stripe, broader at the lower end; orbits silvery-grey, with a single
row of bristles, descending as far as the proximal end of the second
joint of the antenne. Ocellar tubercle with two strong procli-
nate bristles. Antenne black, the second joint and the immediate base
of the third largely yellowish, the third joint reaching nearly to
the strong oral bristles; arista long plumose. Face light-grey
pollinose. Proboscis and palpi black. Mesonotum lightly grey
pollinose ; in some lights with two slender, interrupted stripes on
each side, and the beginning of two median ones in front.
Scutellum grey pollinose, large, triangular, with two approximated
bristles at its apex. Pleure black, only slightly pollinose.
Abdomen short and broad, greyish-yellow pollinose, somewhat
variable in different reflections, the shining ground-colour showing
through ; clothed with short bristly hairs and with moderately
long bristles at the tip. Legs wholly black. Wings greyish-
hyaline, or uniformly tinged with pale brownish ; a small blackish
spot at the tip of the auxiliary vein, and one on the anterior cross-
vein; the posterior cross-vein, which is nearly straight and
rectangular to the fifth vein, is lightly clouded ; first posterior
cell slightly narrowed in the margin. Tegule nearly white, the
upper one smaller than the under one. Halteres yellow. Length
43-52 mm.

@. Front less than one-third of the width of the head, the
median black stripe broad, and of equal width. Pulvilli a little
smaller than in the male. Abdomen grey, with irregular light-
brown markings.

Six specimens, St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 369

LIMNOPHORA.
Robineau Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myod., 517, 1830.

1. Inmnophora exilis, n. sp.

¢. Front long, the eyes very nearly contiguous below the
ocelli, leaving a very narrow space in which there are rows of long
slender bristles ; below, the opaque black of this space broadens
out into the frontal triangle, leaving the orbits narrowly silvery.
Antenne black, the third joint not reaching to the vibrissal bristles ;
arista bare. Face lightly grey pollinose; epistoma but very little
projecting; cheeks very narrow. Mesonotum shining black
the lateral margins in front of the suture, the pleure and the
abdomen, where not spotted, light-grey pollinose. Scutellum
shining black. Abdomen ovate, the first segment in large part,
the second and third each with three large, subconfluent, subopaque,
black spots ; fourth segment for the most part shining. Legs
black ; hind tibiz with long black pile on the inner side ; pulvilli
not elongated. Wings yellowish hyaline ; penultimate section of
the fourth vein shorter than the posterior cross-vein, the latter
rectangular, Palpi black. Length 34 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

2. Limnophora debilis, n. sp.

&. Eyes nearly contiguous below the ocelli. Front silvery
white, with a large, opaque, black triangle below, with two
rows of erect black bristles. Antenne dark-brownish red ;
arista bare. Face silvery grey. Thorax black; mesonotum
densely light yellowish-grey pollinose, with three complete and
two incomplete, narrow, dark-brown stripes. Pleurz densely light,
grey pollinose. Scutellum of the same yellowish-grey colour as
the dorsum of the thorax, with a discal, dark-brown spots; itis large
and triangular, and has a pair of apical cruciate bristles, and one
on each border. Abdomen ovate, opaque light yellow; first segment
on the sides and the fourth segment for the greater part black,
covered with light-yellowish pollen; second and third segments each
with a pair of dark-brown, opaque spots. Legs black, the knees
yellow; hind tibiz not hairy. Tegule white, the under one project-
ing. Halteres yellow. Wings greyish hyaline. Length 5-6 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. With these two male
specimens, there is a large number of female specimens
of smaller size, in which the abdomen is black in
ground-colour, with two pairs of dark-brown spots

370 Professor Williston on the

on the second and third segments. The front is
broad, with a black stripe. ‘The wings show a noticeable
difference in that the posterior cross-vein is at right-
angles to the fourth vein, and is a little shorter than the
penultimate section of the fourth vein. In the males
described above the anterior angle of the discal cell is
distinctly less than a right angle, and the posterior
cross-vein is longer than the penultimate section of the
fourth vein. The epistoma is but little prominent in
either sex.

3. Limnophora (Spilogaster?) exul, n. sp. (Pl. XII,
figs. 122, head of ¢ ; 122a, wing.)

¢. Black. Eyes narrowly separated below the ocelli ; median
black stripe of the front expanded triangularly below ; orbital
margins silvery pollinose. Antenne black ; the third joint does
not reach to the oral bristles; arista short plumose. Face light-
grey pollinose. Proboscis and palpi slender, black. Mesonotum
light yellowish-grey, opaque, with three broad, black stripes, the
lateral ones widened back of the suture to the root of the wings.
Scutellum black, its margins grey with four bristles, the apical
cruciate pair approximated. Pleure light-grey pollinose, the upper
part black. Abdomen elongate ovate ; opaque light yellowish-grey;
the first segment, except the posterior lateral margins and a pair
of large triangles on the second and third segments, extending the
whole length of each segment, and leaving a narrow stripe between
them, black ; fourth segment with three black or brown spots, the
median one elongate. Legs black ; pulvilli elongate ; none of the
tibie hairy. Wings lightly tinged; fourth vein sinuous near the
extremity, narrowing the first posterior cell. Tegule white, the
under one much larger than the upper one. Length 6-7 mm.

¢. Front less than one-third of the width of the head, with a
broad black stripe. Abdomen broader and shorter, the deep-brown
(not opaque black) markings more extensive, leaving a median
stripe on the first three segments and the posterior angles of the
first segment opaque grey.

Ten specimens. St. Vincent.

CanosIa.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Europ. Dipt., v., 210, 1826.
1. Cenosia flavipes, n.sp.

¢. Front densely light-grey pollinose, the ground-colour showing
through bluish; in width about one-fourth that of the head.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 371

Face, cheeks and occiput of the same colour or lighter. Antenne
pure light yellow ; arista bare, slender, yellow at its base. Thorax
everywhere densely light-grey pollinose, but with a bluish tint as
though from the black ground-colour ; mesonotum with a median
brown stripe. Abdomen yellow, the distal segments brownish or
blackish ; in shape elongate ovate and not flattened. Legs wholly
yellow. Wings tinged with yellowish ; penultimate section of the
fourth vein not longer than the posterior cross-vein. Length 6 mm.

?. Mesonotum with three brown stripes. Antennz darker, the
third joint in part brownish. Abdomen darker, the second and
following segments each with a pair of small rounded spots, and a
median brownish stripe. Hind tarsi brownish.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

2. Cenosia insularis, n. sp. (Pl. XII., figs. 123, head
of $; 128a, wing.)

¢. Front opaque golden yellow, a little less than one-third of
the width of the head, and of nearly equal width. Antenne
black ; arista finely pubescent. Face yellowish-grey. Cheeks be-
low the eyes rather narrower than the width of the third joint of
the antennz. Occiput swollen below ; greyish pollinose, the orbits
yellow. Mesonotum densely light grey pollinose, with two broad,
dark coffee-brown stripes extending on the sides of the scutellum,
the latter with a median, light coloured stripe, extending from the
mesonotum. Pleurz greyish pollinose. Abdomen cylindrical, only
a little broader at the base ; shining brownish-black with the an-
terior angles of the segments broadly grey pollinose ; covered with
recumbent hairs, and with a slender lateral bristle on each
segment. Legs black ; the knees and cox in front (beneath the
pollen) yellowish. Wings tinged with pale-brown. Tegule nearly
white, the under one projecting beyond the upper. Halteres yellow.
Palpi black. Length 6-7 mm.

Numerous specimens, St. Vincent. The abdomen in
the female is elliptical.

MICROPEZIDAL.
‘TANYPEZA.
Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Opomyz., 4, 1820.
1, Tunypeza claripennis. (Pl. XIL, figs. 124, head of ¢ ;
124a, wing.)
Tanypeza claripennis, Schiner, Reise der Novara, Dipt.,
247.—Brazil.

372 Professor Williston on the

A single specimen without abdomen and hind legs, but
which, otherwise, agrees so well with the description of
this species that I believe the determination is sufficiently
certain.

CaLoBATA.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 1803; Ceyw, Dumeril, 1801.

1. Calobata angulata.

Calobata angulata, Loew, Centur., vii., 87; Schiner,
Reise der Novara, Dipt., 253, Brazil, Colombia
(Schiner, Loew).

In the present collection there are about twenty
specimens which were thought at first sight to be
conspecific. A more careful examination, however,
disclosed trustworthy specific differences. Both of
the species are evidently closely allied to C. lasciva,
Fabr., and it is not improbable that they have been
confounded with that species. I do not know C. lasciva,
but they differ, according to Schiner, in the light-coloured
bands of the hind femora being oblique. Schiner
thought that C. angulata might be identical with
C. annulata, F., but, if my determinations are correct,
he was in error. In the present species the front is
very narrow and long, distinctly less than one-third of
the width of the head. The front tarsi are white from
near the middle of the metatarsi, the terminal joints
scarcely perceptibly darker. ‘The lighter-coloured por-
tions of the wing are subhyaline, and the first posterior
cell is narrowly open The head is reddish-yellow with a
small dark-red or black spot in the middle of the front.
The antennz in all our specimens are more reddish than
black. I have compared specimens from Brazil in my
collection, and find no differences.

2. Calobata annulata.
Musca annulata, Fabricius, Syst., iv., 338; Syst. Antl.,
262.
Calobata annulata, Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ins., i..,
534,—Cayenne.
Grallopoda annulata, Rondani, Esapoda Ditteri, 178.—
Ins. St. Sebastian.

The species which I identify as this from both St.
Vincent and Brazil, has a dark reddish-brown head, with

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 373

a broad front, distinctly more than one-third of the width
of the head, brownish-red antennz, a rather narrow
clypeus, stouter and rather longer front tarsi, with only
the second, third, and fourth joints light-yellow, the
lighter coloured parts of the wing more pure hyaline, and
the first posterior cell closed.

The genus Calobatu has been repeatedly subdivided
by Macquart and Rondani, but their subdivisions have not
been accepted by later writers. For C. lasciva (C.
albimana, Macq.) Macquart proposed the genus T'aniap-
tera, but afterward withdrew it. For the same species
Rondani proposed Grallopoda. For the species with open
first posterior cell, bare arista and long anal cell, he pro-
posed Mimegralla; for those with closed first posterior
cell, bare arista and long anal cell, Grallomyia; while
Raineria, which was afterwards changed to Tanipoda,
was applied to species differing from Grallomyia in the
short anal cell. Calobata he restricted to those species
with plumose antennal arista.

3. Calobata mellea, n. sp. (Pl. XII, fig. 125, wing.)

¢, @. Reddish yellow ; abdomen black. Sides of the front
shining ; in the middle a dark-red opaque stripe. Antenne yellow,
third joint not twice as long as wide ; arista short-plumose. Face
yellow, silvery pollinose on the sides. Clypeus of moderate width,
red or black, shining. Thorax reddish-yellow, shining, the pleurz
a little lighter coloured. Abdomen black, shining, slender; male
organs and the ovipositor, except its base, yellow. Legs yellow ;
front tibia except the extreme tip black ; middle and hind tibiz,
middle tarsi, and the hind tarsi, except the greater portion of the
metatarsi brownish ; front metatarsi light-yellow ; hind metatarsi
yellow. Wings hyaline, with a large brown spot filling out the
first posterior cell to beyond its middle, the outer half of the
discal cell, and triangularly in the submarginal cell to near the tip
‘of the second vein; first posterior cell narrowly open ; anal cell
not produced. Length 6-5 mm.

Nine specimens. St. Vincent.

Negtus.
Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 1805.
1, Nerius bistriatus, n. sp. (Pl. XII., figs. 126, head of ¢?;
126a, wing.)
Q. Front narrowly opaque yellow ou the sides, in the middle
with a broad opaque black stripe, broader in front, where it is red-

374d Professor Williston on the

dish. Basal joints of the antenne blackish ; third joint brownish-
red ; arista slender, black. Face yellow, somewhat blackish in the
depression ; the sides above, running obliquely to the root of the
antenne, shining black. The yellow of the face continues back
horizontally at the lower margin of the eye ; the occiput is black,
except a yellow spot back of the middle of each eye. Mesonotum
opaque black, with two light, greyish-yellowish, pollinose stripes.
Scutellum opaque black, with a broad yellow stripe in the middle.
Pleursze opaque biack, more or less yellowish-dusted ; along the
dorsopleural suture a yellow stripe, as though continuous with the
yellow spot of the sides of the occiput; lower portion of the pleurze
in front yellow; a rounded process in front of the halteres yellow.
Abdomen black, not at all shining; ovipositor cylindrical, yellowish.
Coxe and legs yellow, the tarsi somewhat infuscated ; front femora
for the whole length below, and the four posterior femora distally,
spinose. Wings strongly tinged with brownish-yellowish ; first
posterior cell open. Length 6 mm,

One specimen. St. Vincent.

ORTALIDA.
EKuxesta.
Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., v., 385, 1867.
1. Huwxesta stigmatias. (Pl. XIL., fig. 127, wing.)

Huzxesta stigmatias, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., xi., 310,
pl. ieee. 185 Monoers ails, eGo e pleaic.
fig. 17.—Cuba, Brazil.

Numerous specimens agreeing with the description.
The hind metatarsi are, for the most part, yellow.

2. Huxesta annone.

Musca annonex, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 358.

Tephritis annonx, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 320.

Ortalis annone, Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., ii,
463.—South America.

Urophora quadrivittata, Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., ii.,
456,

Eucesta annone, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xi., 305,
pl. i1., fig. 13; Monogr., ii1., 162, pl. ix., fig. 13.—
Cuba.

Amethysa annone, Schiner, Reise der Novara,
Diptera, 283.—South America.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 375

A single specimen which agrees with the description
in everything save some of the wing-markings. The
brown bands of the wings have blackish clouds continu-
ing them to the hind margin, and there is a distinct
hyaline interval in front of the second vein between the
third and fourth bands.

3. Huxesta, n. sp.

A single specimen of a small species differs from all
known to me of those having four bands, in the
possession of a rounded hyaline spot in front of the
second vein and beyond the third band. The purely
hyaline interval is situated beyond this spot, and is
narrow ; the apical band is narrow, and the brown of
the broad second band scarcely exceeds the third vein,
but is filled out to the hind margin by a strong blackish
cloud. The species is small, the front is brownish-red,
the antenne, front coxze and metatarsi are yellowish. It
is labelled ‘‘ Southern end of the island. Open ground
near sea, on herbage. May.”

4, Huxesta apicalis, n. sp. (Pl. XII, fig. 128, wing.)

&, @- Allied to EL. notata, but the costal cell wholly brown.
Steel-blue or green-blue, but little shining, the abdomen with
blackish reflections. Front dark-red or reddish-brown. the orbits
narrowly whitish ; the vertex and the upper part of the orbits,
blue ; hair black. Antenne brownish-yellow, the third joint oval.
Face considerably excavated, and, together with the clypeus, steel-
blue, shining, the upper part pollinose ; cheeks reddish. An arcu-
ate band extending across the middle of the mesonotum has a
more blackish reflection. Coxe and femora light yellow ; front
tibiz and tarsi black; the four posterior tibie and the distal
joints of their tarsi brown, their basal joints yellow or yellowish.
Wings hyaline ; the costal and subcostal cells throughout, a small
spot in the extreme proximal end of the submarginal cell, and a
small spot beginning at the extreme tip of the marginal and ex-
tending across the submarginal into the first basal cell, uniformly
dark brown ; fourth vein distinctly curved forward, narrowing the
first posterior cell; the fifth vein reaches the margin of the wing ;
first section of the ovipositor a little longer than wide, distinctly
longer than the last abdominal segment, yellowish at the base ;
abdomen for the most part black. Length 4-44 mm

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

376 Professor Williston on the

EPIPLaTEA.
Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 1867, 324.
1. Hpiplatea amabilis, n. sp.

2. Front moderately broad, slightly narrower above, opaque
yellowish-red, with short black hairs. Face shining translucent
reddish-yellow ; gently excavated under each antenna; nearly
vertical and straight in profile. Frontal, facial and occipital orbits
narrowly silvery-white. The clypeus forms a narrow, horse-shoe
shaped body, not projecting in profile. Antennz reddish-yellow ;
third joint elongate oval, not reaching quite to the lower margin of
the face ; arista black, bare. Proboscis stout; palpi slender,
yellowish, except at the base. Mesonotum uniformly yellowish-
red (about the same colour as the front) ; scutellum somewhat
brownish, with four bristles. Pleurz shining, more brownish, in
the middle below brown. The short hair of the mesonotum and
the bristles are black. Abdomen wholly deep shining black, with
short black hair; ovipositor but little longer than the last
abdominal segment, black. Legs deep brown, the knees and
tarsi more yellowish; middle tibia with a stout spur; front
femora with some bristles below. Wings nearly hyaline; the
costal and subcostal cells, reaching back through the beginning of
the submarginal cell to the fourth vein, a band beginning at the
outer part of the first vein and reaching over the anterior cross-
vein, an elongate spot of about the same width covering the pos-
terior cross-vein, and the apex of the wing, save a rounded interval
at the very tip, brown; third and fourth veins somewhat con-
vergent at the tip ; anal cell rounded distally, not at all drawn out
into a point. Length 44-5 mm.

This species, it will be seen, does not agree in all its
details with the characters given by Loew for the genus,
but the discrepancies are trivial. In some specimens the
brown spots of the wings are narrower, and that at the
tip might be called an incomplete band. Four speci-
mens.

TRYPETIDA.
TRYPETA.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., u1., 1803.
1. Trypeta (Aciura) phenicura.

Trypeta phenicura, Loew, Monogr., iii., 269, pl. ¥i.,
fig. 12.—Brazil.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 377

Four specimens, agreeing closely with Loew’s
description.

2. Trypeta (Tephritis) fucata. (Pl. XII., fig. 129, wing.)

Musca fucata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv., 359.—West
Indies.

Tephritis fucata, Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 321.

Trypeta fucata, Wiedemann, Auss. Gweill. Ins., i,
305.—South America.

Trypeta (Tephritis) fucata, Loew, Monogr., i1., 500.—
Buenos Aires.

A female specimen agreeing well with Loew’s de-
scription, which was drawn from one of Wiedemann’s

types.

3. Trypeta (Ensina) peregrina. (Pl. XIII., fig. 130, wing.)

Trypeta (Ensina) peregrina, Loew, Monogr., in., 292,
pl. x., fig. 80.—Brazil.

Two specimens, one of which is labelled ‘ Leeward,
near sea. By open stream. Sept.”

A. Trypeta (Hvaresta) melanogastra, (Pl. XIII., fig. 131,
wing. )

Trypeta melanogastra, Loew, Monogr., i., 90, pl. il,
fig. 24; i., 315, pl. x., fig. 24.—Cuba.

Five specimens. In several of the specimens the
base of the abdomen is yellow; in all the metanotum
is not shining, but pollinose.

5. Trypeta (Urellia) solaris. (Pl. XIII., fig. 182, wing.)

Trypeta (Urellia) solaris, Loew, Monogr., i., 84, pl. ii.,
fig. 19; i., 325, pl. x., fig. 19.— United States.

Two specimens, which agree closely with the descrip-
tion and figures of this species. With them, however,
are others which seem less certainly identical. They are
smaller, and have in the wings a ninth ray, as is de-
scribed for U. polyclona. The latter, however, is described
as having four scutellar bristles.

378 Professor Williston on the

6. Trypeta (Plagiotoma) incompleta, n. sp.

¢, @. Yellow, the mesonotum with two, the abdomen with
eight black spots. Front rather narrow, especially below; on
each side with three or four brownish bristles, and with two pro-
clinate ocellar bristles. Antenne light-yellow ; arista bare, black
on the distal half. Face vertical, the oral margin projecting a
little. Proboscis short ; palpi projecting slightly in front of the
oral margin. Mesonotum light ochraceous yellow, with short
yellow hairs and brownish bristles ; just above and behind the root
of the wing on each side, there is a small round black spot ;
scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen a little more reddish, with
yellow hairs ; on each side with four rounded black spots. Ovipo-
sitor yellow, as long or a little longer than the last two abdominal
segments (in one specimen it is drawn out longer than the
abdomen). Legs yellow. Wings very similar to those of P. obliqua,
Say, except that the first oblique band back of the tip of the wing
is represented only by the blackish spot at the tip of the fourth
vein and a slight yellowish tinge in front of it. Length

3-4 mm.

This species is closely allied to P. obliqua, Say, but
differs in both sexes in the absence of the pleural spots
(there is a blackish spot at the root of the halteres, and
a small pair on the underside of the scutellum), and in
the wing-markings.

SAPROMYZIDAL.
Loncu@a.

Fallen, Ortalidee, 1820.

1. Lonchxa longicornis, n. sp.

@. Front narrow, with nearly parallel sides, about three times
as long as wide; shining black. Antenne brownish-black ; third
joint elongate, reaching to beyond the oral margin ; arista bare.
Eyes bare. Thorax and abdomen wholly deep shining black. Tegulie
white ciliate. Legs brownish-black, all the metatarsi ight-yellow.
Wings lightly tinged with brownish-yellowish. Length 4 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 379

2. Lonchxa brevicornis, n. sp.

¢. Front and face shining greenish-black ; front about twice
as long as wide. Antenne black, the third joint oval, not twice as
long as wide ; arista bare. Eyes bare. Thorax and abdomen deep
metallic-green ; ovipositor black. Legs brownish-black, the first
two joints of all the tarsi light-yellow. Wings greyish hyaline.
Length 4 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

PHYSOGENUA.

Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl., i., 60, 1851; Hupte-
romyia, Bigot. Rev. et Mag. Zool., 309, 1859.

1. Physogenua nigra, n.sp. (PI.XIIT., fig. 133, head of 2.)

$, 9. Deep shining black throughout, the third joint of the
antenne and the four posterior tarsi reddish-yellow. Face large,
bare, smooth, evenly convex from side to side and from the
antenne to near the oral margin ; just above the oral margin a
narrow horizontal groove; the narrow orbits silvery; clypeus
slightly prominent ; the face on either side with three or four small
bristles. Palpi slender, black. Third joint of the antennz twice
as long as wide ; arista black, plumose. Scutellum convex, subtri-
angular, with four bristles. Halteres white. Abdomen short-oval.
Wings tinged with brownish-yellow ; first posterior cell a little
narrowed at the extremity ; anterior cross-vein nearly opposite the
tip of the first vein. Length 43 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent. From the two described
species, P. vittata, Macq. (Lauxania variegata, Loew), and
P. ferruginea, Sch., the present is easily distinguished by
its black colour.

SAPROMYZA
Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Ortalid., 29, 1820.
1. Arista plumose. . . Says Uo. 6, Lalo Caer an ieee, 0
Arista pubescent or pare vi
2. Mesonotum striped . ... Tee deo
Mesonotum unicolorous ; wings aakeuk Shae nen sap < 5

3. Pleurze with stripes ; te with a small black spot in the
middleibelow g-4teseee os ss sw ON ee
Pleurs unicolorous 4) 5 2°24 5). . . . . puellayni sp:

380 Professor Williston on the

4, Wings with markings . . . .. . . . octovittata, n. sp.
Wings unicolorous . ....... - macula, Loew:
5. Shining black species 4... - =. - ; alas sp.
Not shining black. . . 5 ee tee Ae as fe ao
6. Third joint of the anteniie welligw oy ak ay oP hs LEBON han Med.
Third joint in large part black . . . . . vulgaris, Fitch.
7. Mesonotum wattate” <0. ce;se eerie ten Foe ne
Mesonotum not vittate. . . . 5. Fas Ji) Xe tWely sem al
8. Wings for the most part dark- pon — id i n. sp.
Wings nearly hyaline . . . ea)

9, Mesonotum with four slender brown stripes’: ahead an of
the antenne reddish-yellow . . . . . Jineata, n. sp.
Mesonotum with broad ies ; third joint of antenne
blacksey Eaeetes ‘ 10
10. Mesonotum with broad aah grey Pana ‘brown stripes nla n. sp.
Mesonotum with yellow and brown stripes . . venusta, n. sp.
11. Scutellum with two black spots on the margin = ingrata, n. sp.
Scutellum without spots . ... . . . - sororia n. sp.

1. Sapromyza macula,
Sapromyza macula, Loew, Centur., x., 82.—Texas.

é, @. Front opaque-yellow, with a median brown stripe ;
ocelli with small proclinate bristles. Antenne yellow, third joint
twice as long as wide ; arista short-plumose. Face and cheeks
light-yellow, the former with a round black spot above the oral
margin in front, the latter with a small brown spot. Thorax
ochraceous yellow, the mesonotum with four dark-brown stripes,
the median pair extending on the scutellum. Pleure with two
brown stripes, the upper one below the base of the wings ; the
lower, shorter, one across the base of the middle cox. Abdomen
yellow or luteous yellow, with three rows of black spots, the
lateral ones more or less elongate and sometimes coalescent. Legs
light-yellow, the tibize with a proximal, more or less indistinct
(especially on the front pairs), narrow brown ring. Wings tinged
with yellowish ; penultimate section of the fourth vein one-half
the length of the ultimate section. Length 5-5} mm.

Numerous specimens from St. Vincent and Chapada,
Brazil. I have no North American specimens for com-
parison, but the description applies so well that I think
the identification is probable. The West Indian speci-
mens are lighter yellow, and the thoracic stripes are
darker and are continued on the scutellum. Those from

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 381

Brazil agree more closely with Loew’s description. In
the West Indian specimens there is also a distinct
frontal stripe, only slightly indicated in the South
American ones.

2. Sapromyza angustipennis, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 134,
wing.)

3, 2. Front broader above than below, its width at the
anterior end equal to about one-half the length ; opaque reddish-
brown with yellowish spots ; on either side with four small yellow
tubercles, from the upper three of which the stout frontal bristles
arise. Antennz brownish-yellow ; third joint a little longer than
wide. Face thickly greyish-pollinose, with two small, oval black
spots. Cheeks, proboscis, palpi, and the greater part of the occiput
light-yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum opaque reddish-brown,
the former with the beginning of stripes and two or three minute
spots on each side in front grey. Pleurz more yellowish-brown.
Abdomen long ovate ; first three segments hght-yellow ; the next
three yellow with a narrow median stripe and an ill-defined spot,
each side black. Legs light-yellow ; hind tibiz with a stout pre-
apical bristle. Wings elongate, deep brown in front, nearly
hyaline on the posterior part ; in the outer part there are two or
three small round hyaline spots, near which the brown is of a
deeper colour. Length 33-4 mm.

Six specimens. This species, in its front and elongated
wings, 1s somewhat aberrant from most Sapromyzx.

3. Sapromyza puella, n. sp.

¢, 2. Front only a little longer than wide ; reddish-yellow,
brownish above and on the sides. Antenne black, the first two
joints somewhat reddish ; third joint oval, more than twice as long
as wide ; arista plumose on the upper side of the proximal part.
Face, cheeks and lower part of the occiput light-yellow. Thorax
deep-brown or black, almost opaque, with two narrow greyish
stripes. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, the terminal segments
more or less reddish. Legs light-yellow, the tarsi brownish; hind
tibiz without a preapical bristle. Wings yellowish ; ultimate
section of the fourth vein rather more than twice the length of
the penultimate section. Length 23-3 mm.

Twenty specimens. St. Vincent.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parv? i111. (SEPT.) 26

382 Professor Williston on the

4. Sapromyza exul, n. sp.

¢, 2. Front about twice as long as wide, opaque yellowish-
grey, with an opaque dark-brown median stripe, slightly narrowed
anteriorly. Antenne brownish-yellow, third joint in part blackish,
rather narrow, about three times as long as wide ; arista pubescent.
Face black in ground-colour, thickly silvery grey-pollinose. Occiput
black, the narrow lateral orbits grey. Mesonotum densely yellowish
grey-pollinose, with three broad, dark coffee-brown stripes, the
middle stripe about equal in width to the adjacent light-coloured
stripes. Scutellum with the yellowish-grey stripes of the meso-
notum continued and uniting at the tip, leaving the middle as the
continuation of the middle brown stripe. Pleure for the most
part shining black, somewhat thinly pruinose above. Abdomen
shining black, thinly greyish-pollinose in an oblique light. Legs
deep-brown, the femora more black, the base of the tibiz, the four
posterior tarsi and the front metatarsi yellow ; hind tibiz witha
well-developed preapical bristle. Wings light brownish-yellowish ;
penultimate second of the fourth vein more than one-half of the
length of the ultimate section. Length 4-43 mm.

Hight specimens, St. Vincent.

5. Sapromyza octovittata, n. sp.

4,9. Front opaque yellow, rather longer than wide, with a
median brown stripe, on either side of which there are three stout
bristles ; ocelli with small proclinate bristles. Antenne yellow,
the third joint twice as long as wide ; arista short plumose. Face
and cheeks light-yellow, the former with a rounded black spot
above the oral margin in front. Thorax light opaque yellow, the
mesonotum with light-brown stripes, the median pair extending on
the sides of the scutellum. Pleurz with two brown stripes, the
one below the base of the wings, the other across the base of the
middle coxee. Abdomen yellow or brownish-yellow, with three
rows of small, dark-brown spots, forming three interrupted stripes ;
the spots are sometimes obscure, perhaps as the result of desic-
cation. Legs light-yellow, the four posterior tibiz with a proximal
narrow brown ring. Wings clouded with dark-brown along the
costa to the tip, on the cross-veins and on the base and outer part
of the fourth vein; penultimate section of the fourth vein not
one-half the length of the ultimate section. Length 4-5 mm.

This species has its markings, aside from those of the
wings, very much as they are in S. macula.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 383

6, Sapromyza (Lauxania ?), sp.

¢. Shining black. Front with two bristles on each side below
the vertical ones ; ocelli with small proclinate bristles. Face rather
flat, wholly opaque light grey ; a transverse groove above the oral
margin. Antenne black, third joint oval, fully twice as long as
wide ; arista moderately long plumose on the upper side, pubescent
on the under side. Thorax and scutellum wholly shining, without
stripes or spots. Abdomen shining brownish-black. Legs black
or brownish-black, the four posterior tibiz and tarsi more or less
yellow. Wings hyaline, the penultimate section of the fourth
vein about one-half the length of the ultimate section. Length
5 mm,

One specimen. St. Vincent. This species is allied to
S. longipennis, but is distinct in the more shining colour
and in the distinctly narrower front, which is perceptibly
longer than wide. Possibly it is identical with Lawxania
muscaria, Loew (Centur., 1., 87; Schiner, Reise der
Novara, Dipt., 282), but the face is not shining. As the
shining black coiour is the final difference between Sapro-
myza and Lauxania, this species would properly come
under the latter. The difference from S. longipennis is,
however, very slight.

7. Sapromyza sordida, un, sp.

? Sapromyza sordida, Wiedmann, Auss. Zw. Ins., ii.,
456.—W est Indies.

3d, 2. Head and antenne yellow. Front as broad as long
shining ; ocellz bristles wanting or rudimentary. Third joint of
the antennz twice as long as wide ; arista black, long plumose on
the upper side. Face rather flat, lightly silvery-pollinose.
Mesonotum shining reddish-yellow, the pleure a little more
yellowish. Abdomen yellowish-brown, moderately shining. Legs
yellow. Wings lightly tinged with yellowish ; penultimate section
of the fourth vein more than half the length of the ultimate
section. Scutellum unicolorous, large, with four strong bristles.
Palpi wholly yellow. Length 5 mm.

Twenty-four specimens.

384. Professor Williston on the

8. Sapromyza vulgaris.

Chlorops vulgaris, Fitch, Reports, vol. i., 300, pl. 1.,
fig. 4.
Sapromyza plumata, Van der Wulp, Tijdschr., v.,
Entom. (2), 159.—Atlantic States.
Sapromyza ocellaris, Townsend, Can. Entom., 1893,
303; F. Lynch, A., An. Soc. Cient. Arg., xxxiv.,
283, 1893.—New Mexico.
¢, @. Front reddish-yellow, broad, a minute spot at the
ocelli ; ocelli with two well-developed ocellar bristles. Antennze
yellow, the third joint black at the tip, and along the under side,
more than twice as long as wide ; arista plumose on the upper side.
Face and cheeks light-yellow. Thorax shining ; mesonotum
reddish-yellow, the pleure more yellowish. Scutellum large, with
four bristles on its margin. Abdomen yellow, brownish-yellow or
brown; in some specimens reddish-yellow with a narrow, but
distinct, brown band on the posterior part of each segment. Legs
smoky hyaline ; penultimate section of the fourth vein not more
than one-half the length of the ultimate section. Palpi black at
tip. Length 4-5 mm.
Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. 8S. cincta, Loew,
from Cuba and Porto Rico (Roeder), must be very
closely allied, probably identical with this species.

9. Sapromyza venusta, n. sp.

é, ¢@- Front rather narrow, nearly twice as long as wide,
opaque brownish-yellow, with three pairs of recurved bristles.
First two joints of the antenne yellow ; third joint black, oval,
about twice as long as wide ; arista black, short pubescent. Face
and cheeks light-yellow ; palpi for the most part black. Thorax
shining yellow, with three broad, brown or brownish stripes, the
middle one obsoletely geminate. Abdomen brown, at the base
yellow. Legs yellow. Wings smoky hyaline ; penultimate section
of the fourth vein but httle more than one-third of the length of
the ultimate section. Length 4 mm,

Six specimens. In some of the specimens, the abdo-
men has a median series of black spots, with the sides
of the segments blackish. Like most specimens in this
genus the abdomen has seemed to suffer in its coloration
in drying, and fresh specimens are needed to determine
the markings with clearness.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 385

10. Sapromyza lineata, un. sp.

¢. Shining yellow. Front as long as broad. Third joint of
the antenne a little brownish at the tip, twice as long as broad ;
arista black, long pubescent. Mesonotum somewhat reddish-
yellow, with four slender brown stripes. Abdomen in the dried
specimens light brownish-yellow, immaculate. Legs light-yellow ;
the distal joints of the front tarsi brown. Wings yellowish
hyaline; penultimate section of the fourth vein not more than
one-half the length of the ultimate section. Length 4 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent. The colour in some
of the specimens is light reddish-yellow throughout.
The terminal joints of all the tarsi are somewhat
brownish. ‘The palpi are wholly yellow.

11. Sapromyza sororia, n. sp.

¢, @. Front yellow or brownish-yellow, narrow, less than
one-third the width of the head, with the usual three pairs of
bristles and a small proclinate ocellar pair. Face and antenne
yellow, the third joint of the latter oval, its length only a little
greater than its width. Palpi black at the tip. Mesonotum
reddish or brownish-yellow, pleurz more yellow, both shining but
little. Abdomen yellow or brownish-yellow, with a median row
of rounded black spots. Wings greyish hyaline; the penultimate
section of the fourth vein but little more than one-third the length
of the ultimate section. Length 4-5 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. In some speci-
mens the abdomen is brown or black, probably due to
the effects of drying ; allied to S. rotwndicornis, Loew.

12. Sapromyza imgrata, n. sp.

6, 2. Front rather narrow, yellow, or brownish-yellow,
but little shining. Antenne reddish-yellow; third joint oval,
not twice as long as wide; arista black, short-pubescent. Face
and cheeks yellow, opaque, the former witha minute spot near the
oral margin in front. Mesonotum reddish-yellow, with short
black bristly hairs ; the two median rows of bristles do not extend
in front of the middle. Scutellum yellow, with a round, deep
black spot on each side between the origin of the bristles. Pleurz
yellow. Abdomen yellow or brown, apparently in life with series
of median and lateral black spots. Legs yellow. Wings smoky
hyaline ; veins black ; penultimate section of the fourth vein rather
less than half of the length of the ultimate section. Length 5mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. I was at first

386 Professor Williston on the

inclined to identify this species with S. grata from
Brazil, but the brief description shows such discrepancies
that it is hardly possible that the species are identical.
Possibly it is S. octopuncta.

HETERONEURIDA.
HETERONEURA.

Fallen, Agromyzide, 1823.

1, Thorax black tf sas 2
Thorax in large part valtow ad hi piay udtead, Se tom Val beeen tee
2, ‘Tip of antennte black =.) 2. 7s i). 2 9%) 3) flawzpes. nm, sp.
Antenne wholly yellow. . . . . . «. . « Concinna, n. sp.
3. Wings cinereous hyaline... 2). clues > sc) ee cece
Wings largpipart browne.) 9c) cen ner eee ee)
4, Mesonotum wholly yellow infront. . . . . dumbalis, n. sp.
Mesonotum black on the sidesin front . . . . valida, nu. sp.
5. Mesonotum and scutellum black. . . . . pleuralis, n. sp.

Mesonotum and scutellum in large part rauloee wvanthops, vu. sp.

1. Heteronewra wanthops, n. sp.

é, 2. Head, including the proboscis, wholly yellow ; front
and face of equal width, the former widened near the vertex only ;
arista black, long pubescent or short-plumose. Mesonotum shining
black on the sides, a broad stripe, about one-third of the whole
length, beginning at the neck and running to the tip of the
scutellum, light-yellow, the sides of the scutellum brown or
brownish. Pleurz, pectus, and coxe pure light-yellow, lighter
than the yellow of the mesonotum. Abdomen black or dark-
brown, the basal segments yellowish, the thickened under portion
of the hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow, the tarsi slightly
brownish ; middle tibie with a stout spur and a preapical bristle.
Wings clouded with brown on the distal half, less strongly so on
the proximal portion ; penultimate section of the fourth vein one-
fourth or one-fifth the length of the ultimate section, and shorter
than the last section of the fifth vein. Length 3-3} mm,

Five specimens. St. Vincent. A single female
specimen has the mesonotum black, except an elongate
yellow triangle reaching nearly to the scutellum, the
metanotum black, and the abdomen black. Several
males have the black of the mesonotum beginning
further back, and the whole hypopygium yellow. It is
not improbable that there are two distinct species here.

Diptera of St. Vineent (West Indies). 387

2. Heteroneura flavipes, n.sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 135, wing.)

¢, @. Front gently convex on the sides, the eyes most approxi-
mated immediately below the antenne, and then immediately
receding, Front brown, below red, the narrow orbits more
yellowish. Antennz yellow, the third joint brown or blackish
at the tip ; arista black, finely pubescent. Face, cheeks, and lower
portion of the occiput light-yellow. Thorax black, but little
shining, the pleuree somewhat pitchy-black ; mesonotum covered
with light-coloured pubescence. Abdomen black, with black hairs.
Halteres nearly white. Legs pure light-yellow ; middle femora
with a row of short bristles below ; middle tibize with a strong
spur; all the tibize without distinct preapical bristle. Wings brown,
at the immediate base hyaline, and across the middle subhyaline ;
penultimate section of the fourth vein but little longer than the
posterior cross-vein. Length 3 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent. The front is compara-
tively narrow, distinctly less than one-third of the width
of the head.

5. Heteronewra concinna, n. sp-

&, @- Very much like H. flavipes, from which it differs in the
antennz being wholly light-yellow, in the wings being nearly uni-
formly blackish, except the immediate base, and especially in the
presence of distinct preapical bristles on the middle and hind tibiz.
It is also a little smaller.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

4, Heteroneura pleuralis, n. sp.

$. Head, including the antenne and proboscis, wholly light-
yellow, except a minute spot near the vertex, and the upper part
of the occiput. Arista black, yellow at the base, very finely
pubescent. Mesonotum shining brownish-black, the fine pubes-
cence in an oblique light appearing yellow; pleurze lght-yellow
with a spot of the same colour as the dorsum reaching down in
front of the wings; metanotum dark-brown. Abdomen opaque
black, with black hair, the immediate base yellow. Legs light-
yellow ; hind and middle tibiz with a distinct preapical bristle.
Wings smoky hyaline ; the distal third, as far as the fourth vein,
and a spot covering the cross-veins brown ; penultimate section of
the fourth vein about one-third of the length of the ultimate
section of the fifth vein, and only a little longer than the posterior
cross-vein. Length 2} mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

388 Professor Williston on the
5. Heteroneura valida, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 186, wing.)

4, @. Head, including the antennex, proboscis, and occiput,
light-yellow. Arista black, pubescent. Thorax light-yellow,
mesonotum on the sides and behind, and the scutellum, brown or
black, shining ; the yellow extends asa broad stripe to or beyond
the suture. Abdomen black or dark-brown, its base, the ovi-
positor, and the hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow ; middle tibie
with a stout spur and a preapical bristle. Wings cinereous
hyaline ; penultimate section of the fourth vein as long as the last
section of the fifth vein. Length 2} mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

6. Heteroneura lumbalis, n. sp.

¢, 9. Differs from H. valida in the mesonotum being wholly
yellow before the middle, the scutellum and posterior part
wholly black. The arista is distinctly longer pubescent, almost
short plumose. The wings are a little more darkly tinged.
Length 23 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

TRIGONOMETOPUS.
Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 11., 419, 1835.

1. Trigonometopus rotundicornis, nu. sp. (PI. XIII,
fig. 137, head of 2.)

¢. Head triangular, the face very much receding ; front plane,
horizontal, with three pairs of bristles reaching two-thirds of the
distance to the root of the antenne. Eyes longitudinally oval.
Antenne porrect, the first two joints short, the third rounded, not
longer than broad. Face on either side with a slender groove,
running from the root of the antennz to the back part of the
cheek. Proboscis with large labella; palpi slender. Thorax
elongate ; mesonotum flattened, with bristles in the middle nearly
to the anterior margin ; scutellum flattened, semi-oval, with four
bristles. Abdomen oval, depressed, composed of six segments.
Legs rather stout ; front femora with a row of bristles below ; hind
tibie with a preapical bristle. Auxiliary and basal cells distinct.
Arista bare. Sides of the cheeks with a row of long bristles.
Yellow, opaque. Front a little darker coloured, with black hair.
Antenne reddish-yellow. Face light-yellow. Sides of the frontal
projection somewhat brownish Mesonotum ferruginous, darker

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 389

towards the sides, and forming a sharply-limited brown stripe on
the dorso pleural suture; in the middle a more or less feebly
indicated slender light-coloured line extending on the scutellum.
Abdomen in large part brown, perhaps of post-mortem origin.
Legs light yellow. Wings cinereous hyaline, the narrow costal
margin, extending to the tip of the fourth vein, brown; on the
cross-veins slight indications of clouds. Posterior cross-vein less
than its own length on the fifth vein from the margin of the wing.
Length 43 mm.

Two specimens. This species will be best dis-
tinguished from TJ’, vittatus by the brown costal margin
of the wings.

EPHYDRIDA.

NovipHI.a.
Fallen, Hydromyzide, 1823.

Mesonotum not vittate ; abdomen coffee-brown and grey, opaque,
Mesonotum with numerous small brown dots ; grey spots
of the abdomenirregular. . . . . . . bellula,n.sp.
Mesonotum not with numerous small brown dots ; grey
spots of the abdomen regular . . . . decorata, n. sp.

1. Notiphila decorata, n. sp.

a, @- Front opaque grey, the triangle and the narrow orbits
a little lighter coloured. Antenne black, the third joint at the
base somewhat yellowish. Face, cheeks, and occiput densely light-
grey, opaque. Palpi brownish. Mesonotum and scutellum densely
light-grey, opaque ; the bristles of the mesonotum and scutellum
arise from small black spots, but the hair is shorter than in NV.
bellula and does not arise from small brown dots. Abdomen
opaque dark coffee-brown, with a narrow, complete, median stripe,
and interrupted posterior bands to the second and following seg-
ments nearly white, opaque ; the spots are separated in all save
the last segment from the median stripe by a narrow brown space.
Femora, except the immediate tip, the tibiz in large part, and the
terminal joints of the tarsi, black ; the legs elsewhere yellow.
Wings brownish-hyaline. Length 4 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

390 Professor Williston on the

2. Notiphila bellula, n. sp.

&, 2. Front opaque brownish, the large verticai triangle more
yellowish-grey, the narrow orbits grey. Antenne red, the upper
border of the second and third joints brown or blackish. Face,
cheeks, and occiput, for the greater part, densely grey-pollinose.
Palpi light-yellow. Mesonotum densely brownish grey-pollinose,
with numerous small rounded points where the bristles and hairs
arise ; scutellum like the mesonotum. Pleurze and metanotum
densely grey-pollinose ; a small brown spot on the upper part of
the mesopleure. Abdomen light coffee-brown ; the first segment
and a narrow median stripe, and irregular spots on the sides of the
other segments posteriorly opaque grey; the median stripe is
narrow and of equal width throughout. Femora black, with the
tip yellow; front tibiz, except the base and immediate tip, and
the front tarsi black : middle and posterior tibiz and tarsi yellow,
the tibiz more or less brownish in the middle, the tarsi blackish at
the tip. Wings nearly uniformly tinged with brownish-yellowish.
Length 4mm.

Ten specimens. St. Vincent. A closely allied species
in the writer’s collection, from San Domingo, differs in
the presence of distinct stripes on the mesonotum. In
some specimens the irregular grey spots of the abdomen,
nearly subdivide the brown into four series of spots or
stripes.

PARALIMNA.
Loew, Monogr., i1., 138, 1862.

Mesonotum with numerous small brown spots ; abdomen con-
spicuously banded . . . . . . .multipunctata, n. sp.

Mesonotum not spotted ; bands of the abdomen inconspicuous
obscura, Ni. Sp.

1. Paralimna multipunctata, nu. sp.

? ? Paralimna secunda, Schiner, Reise der Novara,
Dipt., 241.—South America.

3, @. Face and cheeks densely greyish white-pollinose, with
a slight shade of yellowish. Clypeus very prominent, of the same
colour as the face; palpi slender, brown. Antenne black, the
third joint in an oblique light with a whitish reflection, the pile on
its upper side long. Front opaque brown ; anteriorly with minute

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 391

blackish dots and of a more greyish colour; on the upper side,
near the eyes, with an elongated, more blackish triangle. Meso-
notum and scutellum greyish-yellowish, with numerous, in part
coalescent, small, dark-brown dots, giving the mesonotum a brown
appearance ; in the middle may be distinguished two entire, narrow,
brown stripes. Pleura and metanotum densely light-grey, without
the dots of the mesonotum. Abdomen opaque, light yellowish-grey ;
second segment with a small, semi-oval, coffee-brown spot on each
side anteriorly, and in the middle a slender incomplete stripe ; third
and fourth segments each with a continuous narrow stripe and on
each side a large semi-oval anterior spot united with it, of the same
coffee-brown colour ; the grey thus forms interrupted cross-bands,
broader on the outer ends ; fifth segment with the spots on the side
small, and the median stripe narrow ; in the female marked lke
the fourth ; fifth segment of the male a little shorter than the pre-
ceding. Legs black, greyish-pollinose ; front metatarsi at the base
and the basal portion of the four posterior tarsi yellow. Wings
lightly tinged ; second section of the costal vein more than twice
as long as the third. Length 3-4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. This species must
be closely allied to P. appendiculata, Loew, but differs
in lacking the stump of a vein on the fourth vein of the
wing.

2. Paralimna obscura, n. sp.

g, 2. Front opaque dark-brown. Antenne black, the third
joint somewhat yellowish at the base. Face, cheeks and the lower
part of the occiput opaque brownish-grey; proboscis and palpi
black or dark-brown. ‘Thorax throughout nearly uniform deep
brown, moderately shining. Abdomen rather broad, brownish-
black, moderately shining ; the second, third, and fourth segments
with a complete posterior greyish band ; fifth segment in the male
a little longer than the preceding segment; fifth and sixth seg-
ments in the female successively shorter, with an obscure band as
in the preceding segments. Legs deep black throughout. Wings
nearly hyaline; second section of the costal vein nearly three
times the length of the third section ; ultimate and penultimate
sections of the fourth vein of nearly equal length. Length
4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

392 Professor Williston on the

Discomyza.

Meigen, System. Beschr., vi., 76, 1830.

1. Discomyza dubia, n. sp. (PI. XIII., figs. 1388, wing ;
138a, head of ¢.)

¢. Black, shining. Front, broad above, narrowed below; smooth,
the elongated vertical triangle metallic-green and finely punctulate ;
the anterior part of the front flattened. Antenne black, the third
joint rounded, and with rather long whitish pile on its upper side ;
arista with seven rays ; spine of the second joint moderately strong.
Face much narrowed a little above its middle, gently convex from
side to side and vertically, the lower part much receding, and the
oral opening small ; inthe middle finely punctulate ; on the sides
with coarse wrinkles for its whole length ; moderately shining, not
dusted, its bristles short and small. Clypeus large, much receding,
cheeks narrow. Abdomen flattened, ovate ; fourth segment much
longer than the preceding. Halteres nearly white. Legs black,
the posterior tibiz and all the tarsi, save the distal two joints, yellow.
Wings tinged with brownish ; third section of the costal vein
short, not more than one-third of the length of the second section ;
penultimate section of the fourth vein not one-half the length of
the ultimate section. Length 2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. This species, in
its small oral opening and large clypeus, is rather
aberrant.

PsInopa.

Fallen, Hydromyzide, 1820.

1. Face shining black or metallic-green. . . . . .-.. 4
Face pollinose. . . a AG) ebaeee
2. A minute blackish spot at ite i of fe rd vein,

nigropuncta, O. sp.

No spot at the tip of the third vein . . ..:.... 38
3: Antennsred/-) 4 5 5. » «4 lols ee Cesmata isp:
Antenne black ... . =. nigra, 0. Sp:

4. Front tarsi deep black ; face shinine blacks . nigrimana, 0. sp.
Front tarsi yellow ; face shining green. . . aciculata, Loew.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 393

1. Psilopa mgra,n.sp. (PI. XIII., fig. 139, head of ?.)

¢. Front and face deep black, the former broader than long, a
little shining ; the latter lightly-dusted, gently and evenly convex
in the middle above, the convexity not reaching to the margin of
the eye, thus forming a concavity for each antenna; face on the
sides below with two stout bristles, the upper one arising very
close to the eye. Antenne black, the third joint oblong ; bristle of
the second joint stout and long ; arista with ten or twelve rays.
Clypeus moderately projecting ; proboscis and palpi black. Thorax
and abdomen black, moderately shining, in an oblique light lightly
yellowish greyish-dusted ; second, third, and fourth segments of
the abdomen of nearly equal length, the fifth a third longer
than the preceding ; in the female the fifth segment of the same
length as the preceding ; the sixth less than half the length of the
fifth. Legs black; all the tarsi yellow, with the distal joints blackish.
Wings greyish or brownish hyaline ; second section of the costal
vein about one-third longer than the third section; ultimate
section of the fourth vein only a little longer than the penultimate
section. Length 3 mm.

‘wo specimens. St. Vincent.

2. Psilopa nigropuncta.

6. Front black, moderately shining, much broader than long.
Antenne black ; third joint oblong ; bristle of the second joint of
moderate size; arista with five rays above. Face densely light
grey-pollinose ; the structure of the upper part as in P. nigra, but
the face narrower; on the lower part with two stout bristles on
each side, the upper one more remote from the eye than in P. nigra.
Thorax and abdomen deep shining black, the scutellum opaque.
Abdomen broad, the fifth segment a little shorter than the fourth.
Legs deep black ; all the tarsi yellow, with the terminal joints
blackish. Wings greyish ; third section of the costal vein a little
more than half the length of the second section; penultimate
section of the fourth vein about one-half the length of the ulti-
mate section; a minute black spot at the tip of the third vein.
Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

3. Psilopa nigrimana, nu. sp.

¢. Shining black. Front, with a light depression on each side
above the root of the antenne. First two joints of the antennz
black, the third brown, on the inner underside reddish ; spine of

394 Professor Williston on the

the second joint stout; third joint oblong; arista with seven or
eight rays. Face convex above, gently convex from very near the
margin of the eye, the orbital margin being exceedingly narrow ;
on the lower part the face has very fine grooves. Mesonotum and
scutellum thinly yellowish-dusted in an oblique light. Abdomen
deep shining metallic-green ; fourth segment longer than the third,
the fifth about half the length of the third. Legs black; the front
coxe, the base of the front femora, the tip of the four posterior
femora, the four posterior tibize wholly, and the four posterior
tarsi, except the distal joint, yellow; front tarsi stout and deep
black, like their tibiz. Wings greyish hyaline ; third section of
the costa as long as the second. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

4, Psilopa aciculata.

Psilopa aciculata, Loew, Monogr., i., 142.—Cuba.
(Pl. XIII., fig. 140, wing.)

$, 9. Head shining metallic-green. Vertical border very
sharp. The bristles of the front are confined to the vertex, two
on the ocellar tubercle and two on each side. The vertical triangle
is bounded by a well-marked groove, its anterior angle truncated
below, just above the base of the antennz, and continuous to the
eyes on the side of the face below. The face is narrower than the
front, the eyes approaching each most at a little distance above
the oral margin ; the face is smooth, gently convex transversely,
and with parallel sides from the grooves, which are continuous
from the front; nearly opposite the narrowest portion there isa
single black bristle on each side. Antenne yellow ; the second
joint above and the third in front, reddish; arista black, with
about six rays. Mesonotumand scutellum bronze-black, but little
shining, finely aciculate ; pleure more shining green-black. Abdo-
men brilliant metallic-green, with coppery reflections ; first seg-
ment very short, the second, third, and fourth successiv2ly longer,
the fifth again short. Legs black, the knees, tip of tibie and all
the tarsi yellow. Wings with a distinct yellowish tinge, the basal
portion obliquely across to about the middle of the anal cell,
blackish; second and third sections of the costal vein of nearly
equal length. Length 2 mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. This species is rather
aberrant from other members of this genus in its colour
and structure of the head.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 395

5. Psilopa desmata, n. sp.

¢. Face not broad, a little wider below ; gently convex in the
middle above, with a depression below each antenne ; opaque
yellowish-grey ; on either side below with four or five strong
bristles, convergent above. Front broader than the face, opaque
black, thinly brownish-dusted below. Antenne yellowish-red, the
second joint somewhat blackish in front, and with a moderately
strong bristle at its tip ; arista with five rays. Cheeks narrow,
with a row of strong bristles continuous with those of the sides of
the face. Proboscis yellow. Mesonotum deep brown, moderately
shining. Pleure whitish-pollinose. Abdomen black, moderately
shining ; first segment short, the others successively increasing in
length. Femora black, the immediate tip yellow ; tibiw and tarsi
light yellow, the hind tibiz with a blackish ring in the middle.
Halteres yellow. Wings nearly hyaline; second section of the
costal vein of nearly the same length as the third, or slightly
longer. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent. “ Near the sea by open
stream.””? It is possible that this species were better
located under Discocerina. The third joint of the
antenne is rounded, but the face can not be said to be
carinate, though the oeeey of the upper part is con-
fined to the middle part.

DIScocERINA.

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Suites a Buffon, ii., 527,
1835; Clasiopa, Stenhammer, Monogr. der
Ephydr., 251, 1844.

1, Face silvery-grey with a median black stripe . . nana, n. sp.

Pace UnitOrmeln COlOUMy «atapis ns ta) es 6 a

2. Face vaulted, oral opening very large . . . . ego n. sp.

Oral opening of moderate size

3. Last abdominal segment largely or agit peer -grey
leuceprocta, Loew.

Last abdominal segment not unlike the preceding Siicures n. sp.

1. Discocerina leucoprocta.

? Discocerina leucoprocta, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 1861,
255; Monogr., North Amer. Dipt:,. z., te
Maryland.

$, 2. Front opaque yellowish-brown, narrowly whitish on

the lower orbital margins. Antenne reddish-yellow, the third
joint orbicular, and blackish on the upper distal part. Face

396 Professor Williston on the

narrowest a little distance below the eyes ; opaque greyish-yellow,
the orbits silvery-grey, becoming broader below ; distinctly keeled
on the upper portion, arched below; on either side, near the silvery
orbit with two or three stout bristles ; cheeks and inferior occi-
pital orbits silvery-grey. Thorax in ground-colour black, opaque
greyish-pollinose, the mesonotum somewhat yellowish or brownish.
Abdomen opaque black, the anterior segments lightly greyish-
pollinose in well-preserved specimens; the fifth segment silvery.
grey, except the tip ; sometimes the grey is confined to the sides
and may also appear on the sides of the preceding segment,
especially in the female ; in the male the abdomen is elongate
conical ; in the female more oval, Femora for the most part
black ; tibiz yellow with the middle portion more or less brown ;
tarsi yellow, the distal joints brownish or brown. Wings cinereous
hyaline; second section of the costa less than twice the length of
the third. Length 1} mm.

Twenty specimens. St. Vincent. The identity of this
species with that which Loew described is somewhat
doubtful. The tibiz in most of the specimens are
yellow, with the hind pair blackish in the middle. In
none of the specimens is the last abdominal segment
wholly silvery-white.

2. Discocerina nana, n. sp.

¢. Face considerably narrower than the front, much receding
on the lower half, moderately carinate above ; densely silvery-
white-pollinose on the sides, leaving a deep black, shining, median
stripe ; the two bristles of the sides not strong. Antenne yellow,
the third joint rounded, blackish on its margin ; arista with five
rays. Front opaque greyish-black, with an elongate median
triangle below the ocelli, and the lateral margins on the lower
half opaque black. Thorax deep shining steel-blue or green.
Abdomen shining black, with slightly coppery reflections. Legs
black, the knees, tips of the tibiz, and all the tarsi light-yellow.
Wings greyish-hyaline ; second section of the costa a half longer
than the third. Length 2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. The cheeks are
narrow.

8. Discocerina facialis, n. sp. (Pl. XIII., fig. 141,
head of 2.)

¢, 2. Front dark-brown, opaque, the sides gently convex,

except near the vertex. Antenne reddish-yellow, the third joint

orbicular, brownish on the upper margin. Face broadly arched,

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 397

moderately carinate on the upper part, with the cheeks and
occiput silvery-grey ; two moderately strong bristles on each side ;
oral cavity very large. Mesonotum opaque dark-brown : pleure
opaque grey. Abdomen, like the rest of the body, black in
ground-colour, greyish-pollinose ; second, third and fourth seg-
ments of nearly equal length. Legs black; the knees, base and
tip of the front and hind tibie, the middle tibie wholly, and all
the tarsi, save the terminal joint, yellow. Wings cinereous
hyaline; third section of the costa two-thirds the length of the
second section. Length 13-2 mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. This species is pecu-
har in the very large oral opening, resembling the forms
placed in the vicinity of Hphydra, from which, however,
it is distinctly separated by the presence of a spinous
bristle at the tip of the second antennal joint.

4, Discocerina obscura, n. sp.

6, 9. Antennz reddish-yellow ; third joint only a little longer
than wide, its upper margin, as also that of the second joint, some-
times narrowly blackish; arista with five pectinations. Face black,
covered with fine white pubescence or dust, which does not wholly
obscure the ground-colour save in an oblique light. Front black,
but mostly concealed beneath fine yellow or brownish-yellow
pubescence. Thorax black, shining through the thin brownish
dust ; pleurze thinly greyish-dusted. Abdomen black, moderately
shining ; oval, the fifth segment of the male much longer than the
preceding one. Legs black, the tip of the tibiz, the knees and the
tarsi light-yellow, the distal joints of the last brownish. Wings
greyish-hyaline ; second section of the costal vein a half longer than
the third. Length 2-24 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

ARTHYROGLOSSA.
Loew, Neue Beitr., vi., 12, 1860.

1. Arthyroglossa nitida, n. sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 142,
head of ¢.)

6,2. Front wholly shining black, flattened or depressed on
the anterior portion. Antenne black, the third joint somewhat
reddish and pubescent ; arista with six rays. Face deep shining
black, gently convex transversely ; clypeus large, prominent, oval,
convex, shining black like the face. Face on the sides near the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—panrt Ill. (SEPT.) 27

398 Professor Williston on the

lower margin of the eye with wrinkles or rugosities. Thorax deep
shining black, smooth ; scutellum concolorous. Abdomen black,
less shining than the thorax, finely scrobiculate under high magnifi-
cation ; first and fifth segments very short, scarcely visible, the
second and third of nearly equal length, the fourth longer than the
third ; the abdomen is elongate, oval in shape, and is much
flattened. Legs black; the tip of the four posterior tibix, the
first two joints of the front tarsi, and the first three joints of the
other tarsi light-yellow. Wings tinged with brown ; third section
of the costal vein less than half the length of the second section.
Length 24 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. The species seems to
be a typical Arthyroglossa.

HEcAaMEDE.
Haliday, Aunals Nat. Hist., 11., 224, 1839.
1. Hecamede abdominalis, n. sp.

¢. Front opaque brown, the frontal lunule whitish. Antenne
black, the first two joints whitish above ; third joint orbicular.
Face brown on the upper part, the lower portion, the cheeks and
the posterior orbits silvery-grey ; the orbital space, bounded by
the curved line, exceedingly narrow above, becoming broad below
the eyes; near this line on either side below there are two mode-
rately strong bristles ; face in the middle strongly carinate, or sub-
tuberculate ; clypeus projecting, of the colour of the lower part of
the face. Mesonotum, scutellum, and upper part of the pleurze
opaque dark-brown ; a narrow stripe just above the dcorso-pleural
suture, to the root of the wings, silvery-grey ; lower part of the
pleure and the metanotum grey, all opaque. Abdomen broadly
oval, the first and fifth segments concealed, the fourth long;
opaque silvery grey, the second segment more or less brownish-
grey. Legs black ; all the tarsi, except the terminal joint, yellow.
Wings whitish ; third section of the costa about half the length of
the second section. Length 1} mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. Because of the narrow-
ness of the first and fifth segments, the abdomen appears
to be composed of but three segments, the chief charac-
teristic of T'rimerina. However, the same character
appears in some of the species placed under Hecamede,
and while the colorational differences from the known
species of Trivmerina are marked, they very closely

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 399

resemble those of H. lateralis, Loew, from Hurope. I
doubt not that the species belongs wherever H. lateralis
does ; in fact, I am not quite sure that the species may
not be identical, for the deeper colour of the present
species seems to be the chief difference between them.
‘he cheeks cannot be called broad, nor the median carina
“ warzenformig.””

_ Hypre.iia.
Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires, 790, 1830.

1. Hydrellia parva, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 143, wing.)

6. Front broad, distinctly broader than long, somewhat
flattened above the antenne ; opaque brownish-black. Antenne
short, the first two joints blackish, the third blackish above, some-
what reddish below. Arista with six long pectinations on the
upper side, and two or three short ones distally below. Eyes very
closely pubescent. Face opaque, a little more greyish than the
front; in the middle below with a moderate convexity ; on the
sides below with two or three bristles. Clypeus narrow. Cheeks
narrow ; below the eyes with a long, stout bristle, and a smaller
one further back. Thorax short, rounded ; black, but thickly
covered like the front with brownish-greyish dust ; on the pleure
more greyish. Halteres light-yellow. Abdomen black, but little
shining, thinly greyish-dusted. Legs black ; all the tarsi, except
the terminal joint or joints, yellow. Wings greyish hyaline, with
stout black veins ; neuration as in the figure. Length 1 mm., or less.

One specimen. St. Vincent. This species belongs
doubtfully in this genus. ‘he pubescence of the eyes is
exceedingly short and erect, visible only under the
highest magnification.

2. Hydrellia pulchra, n. sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 144, wing.)

é. Front opaque black, the narrow orbits and the margins of
the large vertical triangle grey. Antenne yellow; third joint
large, longer than wide, convex on its lower border, nearly straight
above, its upper half black; arista with seven or eight pectinations.
Face opaque yellowish-grey ; much narrowed a little above its
middle, with a slender groove running downward from each an-
tenna on the cheek ; between the grooves the narrow space is con-
vex ; below on the sides with two or three fine bristles. Eyes

400 Professor Williston on the

rather long silvery pubescent. Mesonotum opaque dark-brown or
black, with six series of yellowish-grey, more or less irregular
yellowish-grey spots, forming stripes; scutellam opaque black ;
pleure grey-pollinose. Abdomen shining black ; a narrow, yellow
pubescent, interrupted, posterior band on the second and third,
perhaps also on the fourth and fifth segments. Legs yellow ; the
femora except the immediate tip and the last joint of all the tarsi
black ; hind tibiz with a brown ring before its middle. Wings
yellowish hyaline ; an arcuate black band beginning at the tip of
the first vein, which is thickened and deep black, and extending to
the posterior edge of the wing; third section of the costal vein a
little longer than the second. Length 1} mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

HypRINA.

Rob. Desvoidy, Myod., 1830; Philygria, Stenhammer,
Monogr. der Ephydr., 238, 1844.

1. Hydrina nitida, vn. sp. (Pl. XIII., figs. 145, wing ;
145a, head of ¢.)

¢. Front composed almost wholly of the shining black verti-
cal triangle, leaving only a narrow margin opaque black and
silvery. Antenne black; third joint light-yellow on the lower
half, much longer than broad ; arista short pectinate. Face very
narrow, gently convex from side to side, without grooves, receding
below, in colour silver-white ; bristles of the sides below weak ;
inferiorly the sides and the cheeks are shining black. Clypeus
concealed. Eyes very sparsely pubescent. Thorax deep black ;
mesonotum much shining ; scutellum opaque ; the pleurze whitish
dusted. Abdomen shining black ; fourth segment about as long
as the two preceding together. Legs wholly light-yellow as are
also the coxe. Wings yellowish or brownish hyaline ; third
section of the costal vein longer than the second ; penultimate
section of the fourth vein very short, the posterior cross-vein
remote from the border of the wing. Length 1 mm,

One specimen. St. Vincent. Notwithstanding the
pectination of the arista I locate this species under
Hydrina, by reason of the comparative bareness of the
eyes, the structure of the face, and the position of the
posterior cross-vein. Accordmg to the canons of zoologi-
cal nomenclature the genus Hydra and its family ter-
mination Hydringw do not conflict with the name Hydrina,
and it should have priority over Philygria.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 401

2. Hydrina nitifrons, n. sp.

¢@. Front broad and short, wholly shining black. Antenne
yellow ; all the joints blackish on the upper margin ; third joint
more than twice as long as broad, hairy on the upper border;
arista pubescent. Face black, lightly silvery dusted ; convex from
side to side and gently receding below ; bristles of the sides small
and short. Cheeks very narrow. Eyes very sparsely pubescent.
Thorax deep black ; mesonotum and scutellum shining, the pleure
whitish dusted ; the mesonotum has two strong bristles near the
middle, and the scutellum two equally strong ones on its margin,
Abdomen shining black. Legs light yellow, the last two joints of
the tarsi black ; coxee black. Wings nearly hyaline ; third section
of the costa two-thirds the length of the second section; pen-
ultimate section of the fourth vein short. Length 1 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent. In the structure and
markings of the head, except the arista, this species
agrees closely with H. nitida; the face is somewhat
broader. The second section of the costal vein and the
penultimate section of the fourth vein are longer.

OCHTHEROIDEA, h. &.

Small, black species. Eyes bare. Front broad, slightly narrower
in front. Face narrowest a little distance below the antenne,
lightly concave above, and with a shallow depression under each
antenna. Face on each side below slightly wrinkled. Cheeks
broad, the oral cavity rather small. Clypeus projecting. Face and
cheeks wholly without bristles save two or three small ones on the
sides of the former. Second joint of the antenne with a small,
short bristle at its tip ; third joint oval, with a pectinate arista,
Bristles of the vertex and the thorax very short and thin. Abdomen
much flattened, elongate oval; first and fifth segments short, the
others successively increasing in length. Front femora incrassate,
and with a row of short spines on the under distal third; claws
and pulvilli normal; all the tarsi slender. The costa reaches to the
fourth vein ; third and fourth veins parallel. Middle tibiz without
bristles on the outer side.

1. Ochtheroidea atra, n. sp. (PI. XIII, figs. 146, wing ;
146a, front leg of ¢.)

&. Front and face shining, submetallic black. Antenne black,
the third joint whitish pubescent, the arista with five or six rays,
Thorax and abdomen deep opaque, the pleurze moderately shining.

402 Professor Williston on the

Wings smoky hyaline, distinctly clouded at the tip. Legs black ;
the first two joints of the front tarsi and the four posterior tibize
and tarsi, except the terminal joints of the latter, light-yellow.
Length 3 mm.

Twelve specimens. St. Vincent.

OcHTHERA,
Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. xiv., 1804.
l. Ochthera cuprilineata, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 148, wing.)

$, @. Front with a large shining black spot, leaving the
lateral and front margins: opaque brown. Antenne black, Face
opaque, light-yellow, with a median, shining black spot. Palpi
light yellow. Cheeks and posterior orbits opaque light-yellow.
Mesonotum and scutellum sub-shining, lightly bronze or brassy,
the former with three dark purple and coppery stripes. Pleurz
lighter, on the lower part shining black. Abdomen metallic-bronze
colour ; in some specimens the second and third segments with a
narrow shining black posterior band, apparently due to the detri-
tion of the metallic covering. Legs black ; the femora with more
or less of the metallic covering, like that of the mesonotum.
Front cox white dusted, with a shining black spot on the outer
side ; front tibize in part, and all the tarsi, save the distal joints
and the swollen hind metatarsi, red. Wings lightly clouded ;
somewhat yellowish on the costa infront. Length 5 mm.

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

EipHYDRA.

Fallen, Hydromyzide, 1820.
1, Ephydra pygmea, n. sp. (Pl. XIIL, figs. 147, wing ;
147a, head.)

¢, 2. Front opaque velvety black, the large ocellar triangle
shining. Antenne black, the third joint rounded ; arista bare or
very short pubescent. The vaulted portion of the face shining
metallic-green, very lightly yellowish dusted ; border of the mouth
with a number of hairs on each side; otherwise the face is bare,
except some weak bristles on the sides inferiorly. Wings clouded
with blackish grey. Legs black, not at all shining, the tarsi and
portions of the tibia more brownish. Halteres yellow. Hypopy-
gium very small ; fifth segment longer than the fourth. Length
2+ mm.

Fifteen specimens. Perseverance Valley, St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 403

ScATELLA.
Rob. Desvoidy, Myod., 801, 1830.

1. Scatella obscura, n. sp.

4, 9. Black. Face with brownish dust, opaque, the bristles in
front and on the margin moderately long. Bristle of antennz with
long pubescence. Front, thorax, and abdomen (in unrubbed speci-
mens) only a little shining, with brownish dust. Legs black. Wings
smoky, with five small, uniform, rounded, hyaline drops, the first
in the submarginal cell, two in the first posterior cell, and one on
each side of the posterior cross-vein. The costal vein attains the
tip of the fourth vein. Second, third, fourth, and fifth (¢ ) seg-
ments of the abdomen of nearly equal length. Length 2 mm.

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

ILYTHEA.
Haliday, Annals Nat. Hist., i., 408, 1839.

1. ? Ilythea flavipes, n. sp.

¢. Front short and broad, opaque brown, the black ground-
colour somewhat shining through the dust. Face opaque grey ;
very broad and arched below ; on the upper part gently carinate
in the middle, the carina ending in an angle whence the face
recedes markedly to the oral margin; orbital ridges very narrow ;
across the narrowest part of the face brownish ; on the sides near
the most prominent part of the face with a row of rather weak
bristles ; a single small bristle near the lower border of the eyes ;
otherwise the face is entirely bare. Thorax deep black, shining,
with some metallic reflections; when seen obliquely, with a fine
yellowish pubescence, which is more apparent on the pleure ;
metanotum greyish dusted. Abdomen deep shining black, some-
what metallescent ; broadly oval in shape, the second, third, and
fourth segments of nearly equal length, the fifth longer. Legsyellow,
the tip of the tarsi brownish. Wings nearly hyaline, with narrow
brown spots forming incomplete bands ; the first begins at the end
of the first vein, and reaches to the fourth, and is curved; the
next spot is in the middle of the submarginal cell ; another be-
tween this and the tip of the cell, two others in the first posterior
cell, and the posterior cross-vein is clouded ; second and third
section of the costal vein of nearly equal length. Antenne black,
the third joint on the under-half reddish-yellow ; arista with
eight rays. Length 2 mm.

4.04: Professor Williston on the

Two specimens. St. Vincent. Sea-level. This species
does not fully agree with the characters of [lythea in the
structure of the face, but the differences are not sufficient
to establish a new genus, which would otherwise be
required.

DROSOPHILIDA,.
STEGANA.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., vi., 79, 1830.

Front uniformly reddish or yellowish ; legs yellow . tarsalis, n. sp.
Front with a broad, black hour-glass-shaped stripe ; legs for the
most part'blackish., 2-2, = +. 2 = 3 3, (hone, misp:

1. Stegana tarsalis, n. sp. (Pl. XIII., figs. 149, front lee
of 6; 149a, middle tarsus of d6; 149b, palpus;
14.9c, wing.)

@. Front at the anterior end about one-fourth of the width of
the head, at the vertex about one-third ; reddish-yellow, shining.
Antenne yellow, the third joint on the distal half or two-thirds
black ; about three times as long as wide, gradually tapering ;
arista long-plumose. Face, cheeks and occiput, exeept at the upper
part, light-yellow ; palpi yellow, the tip brownish. Mesonotum
and scutellum brownish-red, shining ; scutellum flattened, with a
sharp border; pleurz with a horizontal, deep brown or black stripe,
above which the colour is more like that of the mesonotum, below
which the colour is light-yellow. Abdomen elongate ovate,
brownish-black in colour. Legs light-yellow, all the femora
brownish near the extremity ; second, third, and fourth joints of
the front tarsi much dilated transversely and deep black in colour ;
middle and hind tarsi short and strong, compressed ; hind tibiz
dilated ; front femora with some bristles at the outer part. Wings
deep brown anteriorly, becoming less strong posteriorly ; second
vein nearly parallel with costa for a large part of its length ; third
strongly convex anteriorly; first posterior cell very narrowly open;
ultimate section of the fourth vein not twice the length of the
penultimate section. Length 3 mm.

¢. Third joint of the antenne a little larger ; front tarsi not
dilated and wholly yellow.

So far as I am able to learn from the literature at my
command, but two species of this genus have been
hitherto made known, S. cwrvipennis, Fallen, and S. coleo-

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 405

ptrata, Scop., both European, and both said to occur in
North America, by Loew. In the descriptions of S.
coleoptrata, to which species the above seems closely
allied, no mention is made of the peculiar male tarsi.

2. Stegana hore, n. sp. (PI. XIII., fig. 150, antenna
Ole)

¢. Front narrower above than in S. tarsalis; yellow, with
a broad, black, hour-glass-shaped stripe reaching nearly to the root
of the antenne. Antenne yellow ; third joint except the upper
basal portion, black, rather longer than in 8. farsalis. Face yellow;
cheeks black below the eyes. Proboscis yellow ; palpi black.
Occiput on the lower portion, yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum
deep brown, almost black ; a large spot on the humeri light-yellow.
Pleurz light-yellow with a horizontal black stripe, connected with
the black of the mesonotum near the root of the wings ; below
this stripe there is a narrow yellow one above the black or dark-
brown cox. Abdomen black. Legs deep brown, the knees, the
tip of all the tarsi, the basal portion of the four posterior tibiae, and
all the tarsi light-yellow ; tarsi less compressed than in S. tarsalis ;
middle tibie with a row of bristles on the outer side; front
femora with a few long bristles near the outer end. Wings as in
S. tarsalis. Length 3 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

DRosoPHILA.
Fallen, Dipt. Suec., Geomyzid., 4, 1823.

The present collection includes, as is seen, a very large
number of species belonging to this genus. I have
scrutinized them with the utmost care, and have given, I
trust, descriptions which will enable them to be recog-
nized again. I have been able to recognize but a single
species previously described, though it is possible that
there may be others which have been already named.
The difficulty in the determination of the obscurer
coloured species from remote localities, is, however, so
ereat that only a direct comparison of specimens from dif-
ferent habitats will settle the question of their identity.
Two species are included in the list (Nos. 17 and 18)
which may not properly belong to the genus, but which
would in all probability be sought for here.

406 Professor Williston on the

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1, Wings distinctly spotted . ‘ . 2
Wings not spotted . Sugai Sosy kad hott ne. Seu pie aa
2. Front -vittate. ss vole) ac) cae soa) eae ee
Front not vittate So Oe: CaS) et
3. Wings with a blackish spot a ihe: te . . 2 vittatifrons, n. sp.
Wings with the cross-veins clouded . . . .4 annulata, n. sp.
4. Wings variegated’). 2) a. 2s . .1 ornatipennis, n. sp.
Wings with clouds on the cross-veins . . . 3 sororéa, 0. sp.
5. Mesonotum vittate. . . ales City iw” Her cdemagtoday SB bet ats gO
Mesonotum not vittate . . . .- 9

6. Mesonotum deep brown with ro narrow ae, ees

as though continuous with the narrow frontal orbits;
pleure light-yellow. . . . . . . 5 bilineata, n. sp.
Not such marked species. . . atch
7. Tip of the first section of the coe vein lack, 8 Gaacoin en . Sp.
Tip of the costal vein not black . .. . axe)
8. Larger species ; thorax deep brown . . . 6 Gofediaes n. Sp.
Smaller species, thorax yellowish. . . . . 7 bellula,n. sp.
9. Mesonotum deep black ; legs arises cl pcals dle etch ae eal
Mesonotum not deep blank uate SNS eg ccn a Y Sees ale
10. Head and thorax deep aierretblac es Cee alien ps
Pleure in part at least light-yellow. . . . i

11. Head, mesonotum, scutellum and the upper vane of tie
pleurz opaque velvety black. . . . . 9 opaca, n. sp.
Mesonotum and scutellum shining ...... .. 12
12, Abdomen black. . . . . sae) ee Ll pleuralés! asp:
Abdomen with yellow and plaeke markings. 10 thoracis, n. sp.
13. Mesonotum brilliant blue or purple. . . 12 splendida, un. sp.
Mesonotum not shining blue. . . . Mee eae

14 Mesonotum grey, with numerous edt rounded, dark
brown spots. . « « 13 punctulata, Loew
Mesonotum not spotted. . . Me ea)

15. Front legs black, with the far ieee a ornts of ine front
tarsi light-yellow. . . . . . . 14 procnemis, n. sp.

Front legs not black, with the distal joints of the tarsi
VCUOW rar vde tie > 1c OUR SAD ete ken ee re) gk ae

16. Front and face narrow ; the costal vein terminates at the
tip of the third longitudinal vein. . 15 frontalis, n. sp.

Front and face of the usual width ; the costal vein reaches
the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein . . . . . 17

17. Mesonotum in ground-colour black, opaque brownish-

greyish pollinose . . . . . . . 18 pollinosa, n. sp.
Mesonotum shining, reddish or yellowish, . . . . . . 18

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 407

18. Third section of the costal vein nearly as long as the
second ; front metallic-blue at the vertex
16 verticis, n. sp.
Third section of the costal vein not more than one-half of
the length of the second section ; front not at all
blue". ee og
19. Wings distinctly elouded alone he anterior part
19 limbata, un. sp.
Wings uniformly yellowish or brownish hyaline . . . 20
20. Third section of the costal vein short, not longer than the
penultimate section of the fourth vein, the second
and third veins nearly parallel . . . . 21
Third section of the costal vein distinctly longer ‘Hen fie
penultimate section of the fourth vein, the second

and third veins not atall parallel . . . . . . . 22
21. Small, more yellowish species. . . . . . 21 sémilis, n. sp.
Larger, more brownish species. . . . . . 22 dllota,n. sp.

22. Light-yellow species, the abdomen with brownish bands
20 pallida, n. sp.
Reddish-brown, the abdomen black. . . . 23 nana, n. sp.

1. Drosophila ornatipennis, n. sp. (Pl. XIII., fig. 151,

wing.)

2, @. Front broad, light-yellow above, somewhat orange-
yellow below. Remainder of head yellow. Third joint of the
antennz oval ; face carinate. Mesonotum opaque-yellow, with six
narrow dark-brown stripes, the middle pair coalescent, and the
outermost ones connected at the suture with the adjacent ones.
Abdomen opaque, deep brown, with interrupted grey cross-bands.
Legs yellow ; femora sometimes infuscated. Wings variegated ; a
blackish spot at the proximal end of the submarginal and the first
basal cells, including also the outer part of the costal cell; one on
the anterior cross-vein ; a narrow one on the posterior cross-vein
and outer part of the fifth vein ; a larger one about the middle of
the second section of the costal vein, reaching to the third vein,
and continues less deeply coloured in the anterior portion of the
first basal cell with that on the posterior cross-vein, and more
or less completely with ones on the outer ends of the second, third
and fourth veins, the colour surrounding these spots is more purely
hyaline, in the posterior cells and anal angle, subhyaline. Length
2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

408 Professor Williston on the

2. Drosophila vittatifrons, n. sp. (Pl. XIII, fig. 152,
wing.

3, ¢. Front about one-third of the width of the head, a little
broader above ; yellow, the slender shining median triangle reach-
ing two-thirds of the distance to the root of the antenne, on
either side of which there is a deep brown or black stripe, the two.
convergent anteriorly. Antenne yellow, third jomt somewhat
brownish, and elongate oval in shape. Face pallid-yellow, in the
middle with a very prominent carina ; cheeks with a brownish spot
below the eyes. Palpi blackish at the tip; proboscis and the
lower portion of the occiput, yellow. Mesonotum shining yellow
with six slender brown stripes, the median pair separated by a line,
the outer ones not continued in front of the suture ; more out-
wardly in front, on either side there is a slender strigula reaching
as far as the suture. Pleurz and legs wholly yellow. Abdomen
black, the immediate base yellowish ; the narrow lateral margin of
the second and third segments, and the fourth and fifth except a
median triangle, yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ; a blackish sub-
quadrate spot at the tip of the wing, in the submarginal and first
posterior cell, reaching from the tip of the second to the tip of the
fourth vein ; second section of the costal vein more than twice
the length of the third section. Length 1}?-2 mm.

Numerous specimens. With these specimens there
are several in which the front is yellow or brownish-yel-
low, and the spot at the tip of the wing is apparent only
as a blackish cloud. ‘They appear to be immature
specimens.

3. Drosophila sororia, n. sp.

&, 9. Head and antenne yellow, opaque ; front rather more
than one-third of the width of the head, a little broader above;
arista with only a few rays. Thorax light reddish-yellow, opaque.
Abdomen reddish-brown or blackish, probably in life with black
hind margins to the segments. Legs wholly yellow. Wings
lightly tinged with blackish, more noticeable along the costa and at
the tip; a rather broad, dark cloud on the cross-veins, and indis-
tinct clouds on the veins at the tip of the wing, that of the second
vein, however, distinct; third section of the costal vein short;
posterior cross-vein straight. Length 14 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 409

4, Drosophila annulata, n. sp.

¢, @. Front less than one-third of the width of the head;
silvery-grey and opaque black. Antenne reddish-yellow, the first
joint above, and the third at the base, blackish. Face blackish,
greyish dusted; median carina yellowish, nose-like, subsulcate.
Mesonotum opaque coffee-brown, with narrow, irregular, yellowish-
grey markings. Scutellum darker brown, its basal angles and the
apex greyish. Abdomen black, the narrow angles of the segments
yellow, forming more or less complete bands, and a narrow yellow
stripe in the middle of the posterior segments. Femora, except
the yellow tip, dark brown; tibize yellow, with a basal and terminal
brown ring ; tarsi yellow. Wings subhyaline, with blackish clouds
on the cross-veins, and a black spot at the tip of the first section of
the costal vein. Length 24 mm.

Fifteen specimens. St. Vincent.

‘5, Drosophila bilineata, n. sp.

6. Front of equal width, not widened above; opaque velvety
black, the orbits and a slender median line opaque yellowish-grey.
Face light yellow, on the sides above dusted like the frontal orbits.
Cheeks and the dilated palpi black, the cheeks yellow behind.
Face distinctly receding, carinate in the middle. Antennz brown-
ish-yellow or brown, the third joint more than twice as long as
wide ; arista with about five rays above and three below.
Occiput black above. Mesonotum and scutellum opaque deep
brown, the former with two narrow stripes, not reaching the hind
margin, and appearing like continuations of the frontal orbits.
Pleurz light-yellow. Abdomen oval, not elongate ; opaque deep
brown or black, the fifth segment, except sometimes a small spot
in the middle, the remainder of the abdomen, and the narrow
lateral margin of all the segments yellow. Legs light-yellow.
Wings greyish hyaline; ultimate section of the fourth vein not
twice the length of the penultimate section. Length 12 mm.

Three specimens. St. Vincent.

6. Drosophila coffeata, n. sp.

3, 2. Dark coffee-brown. Front at the lower part a little
less than one-third of the width of the head, with two opaque,
anteriorly convergent, velvety black stripes. Basal joints of the
antenn yellowish, the third joint brownish on its margin, only a
little longer than broad; arista with four rays above. Face yellow,

410 Professor Williston on the

brown in the middle ; strongly carinate. Mesonotum with three
inconspicuous whitish stripes in front. Scutellum black, brownish
pollinose in an oblique light. Pleure nearly black. Abdomen
black or brownish-black. Legs luteous. Wings tinged with
brownish; ultimate section of the fourth vein not twice the length
of the penultimate section; third section of the costal vein less
than half the length of the second section. Length 3-4 mm.
Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

7. Drosophila bellula, n. sp.

&, @. Front broader above; the orbits yellowish, in the
middle a large truncated triangle brown, the inner portion of
which—the vertical triangle—lighter coloured, or yellow. Antenne
yellow, the base in the larger part of the short third joint blackish;
arista pectinate above and below. Face and cheeks yellow, the
former carinate. Mesonotum brown, with three greyish-yellowish
stripes, the middle one broader and more diffuse in front, narrow
behind. Scutellum brownish, yellowish on the borders. Pleurz
brown, with two slender yellowish stripes. Abdomen black or
dark brown, the segments with a more or less narrow yellowish
anterior border. Legs yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline ; second
section of the costa about three times the length of the third
section. Length 2 mm.

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

8. Drosophila fasciola, n. sp.

¢@, @. Front broader above ; the orbital margins yellowish (at
their lower part a brownish spot); two convergent brown stripes,
within which the vertical triangle is lighter coloured ; the front is
wholly opaque. Antennz yellowish; the short third joint brown
at the base. Face yellowish, the thin median carina nose-like, not
appreciably sulcate. Cheeks brown. Mesonotum opaque greyish-
yellowish, with incomplete brown stripes and irregular spots ; in
the middle behind, the brown forms a large triangle, bisected by a
slender yellowish line. Scutellum opaque yellowish, brownish
towards its base ; the four bristles each arise froma small blackish
spot. Pleuree brown, yellowish vittate. Abdomen brown, the
segments yellow or yellowish in front. Wings yellowish hyaline ;
tip of the first section of the costa black ; third section of the
costa not one-half the length of the second section. Legs yellow ;
base of all the femora brown or blackish ; all the tibize with a
proximal and distal brown ring. Length 2 mm.

Five specimens.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Al}

9. Drosophila opaca, n. sp.

@, 2. Front broad, more than one-third of the width of the
head, considerably broader above ; deep opaque black. Antennz
reddish-brown or blackish, the third joint more or less blackish on
the upper margin ; second joint tumid, with two or three bristles;
third joint about twice as long as wide; arista with long rays,
about eight in number, on the upper side. Face black, lightly
dusted ; cheeks narrow. Palpi black. Mesonotum and scutellum
wholly deep opaque, velvety black. Pleurze opaque black, yellow
below, a slender yellow line along the dorso-pleural suture. Halteres
yellow. Abdomen opaque black and light-yellow; the first seg-
ment yellow; the next three segments yellow, with the sides
black, extending more or less across the hind margin, and leaving
the yellow as a semi-oval space; fifth segment yellow, with a
posterior band ; sixth segment yellow. Legs, including the cox,
wholly light-yellow. Wings with a distinct brownish tinge ; pen-
ultimate section of the fourth vein about one-half the length of
the ultimate section ; the third vein terminates at the extreme tip
of the wing ; third section of the costal vein more than one-half
the length of the second section. Length 14 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

10. Drosophila thoracis, n. sp.

@. Front a third of the width of the head, broader above ;
opaque or brown or black, the narrow orbits and median triangle
shining. Antenne Ilutescent yellow, the third joint a little
blackish and rather elongate. Face luteous yellow, distinctly
carinate above, the oral margin narrowly blackish. Cheeks yellow
behind. Proboscis yellow. Mesonotum shining deep brown or
nearly black. Scutellum black, shining. Uppermost part of the
pleurz, near the dorso-pleural suture, black, below light-yellow ;
metanotum nearly black. Abdomen shining black, the middle of
the first and second segments, anterior border of the fourth and
fifth segments and the ovipositor, yellow; third segment yellow
with a narrow, interrupted black band. Venter and legs light
yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline; the third costal section two-
thirds of the length of the second section. Length 2 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. ‘In fungi.”

11. Drosophila pleuralis, n. sp.

¢. Front yellow below, on the upper part blackish.
Antenne reddish or yellowish, the third joint more or less in-
fuscated and rather long; arista with five rays above. Face,

A412 Professor Williston on the

cheeks, and the lower part of the occiput light-yellow; facial
carina small. Mesonotum and seutellum deep shining black or
nearly black. Pleurz and legs wholly light-yellow. Abdomen
black, moderately shining, the fifth segment on the sides and the
venter yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, the third section of the
costal vein little more than one-half the length of the second
section ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about one-third
the length of the ultimate section. %, Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

12. Drosophila splendida, n. sp.

¢, 2. The large frontal triangle metallic-blue, the sides more
brownish and the frontal lunile yellow. Antenne yellow, the
third joint somewhat brownish ; arista thickly and long plumose.
Face opaque yellow, somewhat blackish in the concavities, with a
slight median carina. Mesonotam brilliant deep metallic-blue ;
scutellum deep opaque black; pleure black but little shining.
Abdomen black, the basal segments more or less yellow, apparently
in life with distinct markings. Legs yellow ; all the femora more
or less black. Wings greyish or yellowish hyaline ; third section
of the costal vein two-thirds the length of the second section.
Anal cell incomplete. Length 2mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

13. Drosophila punctulata.
Drosophila punctulata, Loew, Centur., i1., 100.—Cuba.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

14. Drosophila procnemis, n. sp.

@. Front broad, broader above; opaque yellow, the narrow
orbits greyish, Antenne yellow, the third joint brownish ; arista
with three or four rays above and two below. Face and cheeks
yellow, the former not carinate, the latternarrow. Thorax shining
reddish-yellow, with black hair. Abdomen rather elongate, deep
shining black. Legs yellow, the front femora for the most
part, the front tibize and the front metatarsi deep brown
or black, the remaining joints of the front tarsi light-yellow.
Wings tinged with greyish ; the third and fourth veins are gently
convergent, the former terminating at the tip of the wing ; the

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). A13

third section of the costal vein is about three-fourths the length of
the second section, and the penultimate section of the fourth vein
about one-third the length of the ultimate section ; costal cell
infuscated ; anal cellcomplete. Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. The wings are whitish at the tip.

15. Drosophila frontalis, n. sp.

é, 9. Front narrow, more than twice as long as wide, less
than one-third of the width of the face, of equal width above and
below, and not wider than the face ; opaque light-yellow, in some
specimens with a shade of brown above. Third joint of the
antenne fully twice as long as wide. Antenne, face, and lower
part of the occiput light-yellow, the occiput elsewhere blackish ;
cheeks linear ; face not carinate. Mesonotum and scutellum light
reddish-yellow, moderately shining. Pleure light-yellow. Abdomen
yellow or light reddish-yellow, rather elongate ; the second seg-
ment, except the narrow front margin, the third and fourth
segments each with three spots, of which the median one is the
larger, black ; fifth segment of the female small, with a black spot
on each side. Legs wholly light-yellow. Wings yellowish or
greyish hyaline; third section of the costal vein less than half the
length of the second section ; penultimate section of the fourth
vein less than half the length of the ultimate section ; the costal
vein terminates at the tip of the third vein. Length 2} mm,

Hight specimens. St. Vincent.

16. Drosophila verticis, n. sp.

Q-. Front very broad above ; yellow, the vertical stripes and a
stripe or spot near the orbits, metallic-blue ; lower part of the
front wholly yellowish. Antennz yellow, the third joint brown ;
arista with long rays above and below. Face yellow, flat, not
carinate. Mesonotum shining reddish-yellow ; scutellum opaque
brown on its upper surface. Pleure more brown. Abdomen
apparently yellow, with brown posterior bands to the segments.
Legs yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ; third section of the costal
vein two-thirds or more the length of the second section; anal
cell incomplete, the vein closing the cell outwardly indistinct or
wanting. Length 2 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—part ut. (sEpr.) 28

414 Professor Williston on the

17. Drosophila, sp. ?. (Pl. XIV., fig. 153, wing.)

g. Deep shining black. Front very broad, broader than long.
Antenne blackish; third joint narrow and pointed. Face not
more than half the width of the front, gently convex in the middle,
the narrow orbits, the inferior margin and the cheeks greyish
dusted. Legs, including the front cox, wholly light-yellow.
Wings nearly hyaline; third costal section a little longer than
the second. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. “ Union Is., Oct.”

18. Drosophila pollinosa, un. sp.

¢. Black in ground-colour, thickly pollinose. Front longer
than broad, only a little broader above; densely yellowish-grey
pollinose, with four rows of bristles, the median ones not extend-
ing quite as far as the orbital ones. Antenne reddish-yellow,
the third joint rounded, the arista with but few rays on the upper
side. Face greyish-pollinose, like the front, flat or with a slight
carina above ; vibriss present ; cheeks not broad. Thorax densely
pollinose, the mesonotum and scutellum yellowish-grey, the pleura
more grey ; apex of the scutellum reddish. Abdomen black, yel-
lowish-grey dusted. Legs reddish-yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ;
anterior cross-vein situated before the insertion of the first vein ;
third section of the costal vein only a little shorter than the
second section Halteres yellow. Length 2 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent. In all probability the
present species belongs among the Hphydridx, but the
very flat face and the presence of vibrisse will lead one
to search for the species in this genus. The presence of
the additional row of frontal bristles, the few rays to the
antennal arista, the small carina, and the partial absence
of the anal cell are all characters out of accordance
with those of this genus, as well as the general colourmg
of the species.

19. Drosophila limbata, n. sp.

4, ¢. Head, thorax and legs yellow or reddish-yellow, but
little or not at all shining ; third joint of the antennz brownish ;
face carinate. Abdomen yellow, with a posterior black band to the
segments, the bands broader in the middle and narrow at the sides.
Wings distinctly clouded with blackish along the front border,
filling out the costa, marginal and submarginal cells, and reaching

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 415

the middle of the first posterior cell; behind, the wing is dis-
tinctly lighter coloured, but not hyaline; on the posterior cross-
vein there is an indistinct cloud ; third section of the costal vein
about one-third the length of the second section. Length 2 mm.

Twelve specimens. St. Vincent.

20. Drosophila pallida, n. sp.

3, @- Yellow, not shining, the mesonotum light reddish-
yellow and a little shining ; face obtusely carinate above, not
nose-like. Abdomen reddish-yellow, with a narrow brownish
posterior border to the segments. Front broad, broader above.
Wings distinctly yellowish ; second section of the costal vein fully
twice the length of the third section. Length 13 mm.

Twelve specimens. St. Vincent. In most of the
specimens the narrow brown bands of the abdomen are
visible, but in some the whole abdomen is brown. The
penultimate section of the fourth vein is very nearly equal
to one-half the length of the ultimate section. A single
female specimen agrees in other respects but has the
third costal section about three-fourths the length of the
second section and the penultimate section of the fourth
vein not more than one-third the length of the ultimate
section.

21. Drosophila similis, n. sp.

&, 9. Very much like D. pallida, but is larger, and the.
third section of the costal vein is very short, not longer than the
penultimate section of the fourth vein. The second and third
veins are parallel through nearly their whole length, and the second
vein is unusually long. In most of the specimens the abdomen is
brown, but in some there are black or brown bands as in D. pallida.
The colour is reddish-yellow, sometimes more purely yellow.
Length 2-25 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

22. Drosophila illota, n. sp.

¢. Yellowish or brownish-red, the abdomen brown or blackish,
the legs yellow. Front as broad or broader than long, a little
wider above, opaque brownish or ochraceous yellow, the ocellar
tubercle blackish. Third joint of the antennz twice as broad as
long, blackish ; arista with two or three rays on the under side.

416. Professor Williston on the

Face more yellowish, in the middle with a strong, obtuse carina,
leaving a deep depression on each side in which is lodged the
antenna. Palpi and proboscis yellowish. Mesonotum a little
shining. Abdomen more reddish toward the base. Wings with
a brownish tinge ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about
one-half as long as the ultimate section; posterior cross-vein
nearly as long as the ultimate section of the fifth vein; third
section of the costa not half the length of the second section.
Length 24 mm.

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

23. Drosophila nana, n. sp.

8, ¢. Front a little broader above ; brown, somewhat yellow-
ish below. Autennz yellow, the third joint oval, brownish. Face
obscure yellowish-brown ; carina small, low, confined to the upper
part of the face. Arista with four or five rays above and two long
ones below. Mesonotum yellowish-brown, shining ; pleure more
blackish. Abdomen oval, black, shining. Legs lutescent yellow.
Wings yellowish hyaline; third section of the costal vein more
than one-half the length of the second section; anal celi incom-
plete, its outer cross-vein indistinct. Length 1? mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

PuHormIca.

Penile Wien. ent. Monatschr., vi., 1862. Amzota, Loew,
Centur., ii., 93, 1862.

1. Phortica scutellaris, n. sp.

2. Front opaque black, brownish pollinose, a little wider pos-
teriorly, less than one-third the width of the head. Antenne
brownish-yellow or yellow, the first two joints brownish ; arista
long plumose. Face flattened, grey. pollinose. Thorax black,
thinly greyish-yellowish pollinose and but little shining; scutellum
flattened, opaque-black. Abdomen black or brownish-black, more
or less yellowish in the middle and at the tip; venter yellow.
Legs wholly light-yellow. Wings greyish hyaline, distinctly
pubescent ; cross-veins approximated, the penultimate section of
the fourth vein scarcely as long as the first section of the third
vein ; second and third veins nearly parallel, the distance between

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 417

their tips not twice as great as that between the tips of the fourth
and third veins,

4. Second, third, and fourth joints of the front tarsi dilated,
the first joint stout; the whole tarsi and the tip of the tibie
blackish.

Length 2 mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent. I refer this species
with some doubt to the present genus, as it does not
have the typical markings of Phortica. There is a com-
plete posterior basal cell ; otherwise the species resemble
those of Drosophila. The oral vibrissee are weak.
The bristles of the front are strong and reach nearly
to the oral margin; there is no preapical bristle to the
hind tibize.

OSCINIDA.

ELACHIPTERA,

Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. Suites a Buffon, 11., 621,
1835; Crassiseta, Von Roser, Verh. Wurtt. Dipt.
Nachtrag, 1849.

1. Elachiptera flavida, n. sp.

2, @. light reddish colour, the arista black, and the legs
more purely yellow. Vertical triangle large, reaching nearly to
the root of the antenne, shining. Head usually a purer yellow
than the mesonotum and abdomen. Mesonotum shining. Scu-
tellum trapezoidal, with two moderate-sized bristles on the angles.
Abdomen of some specimens brownish, probably from desiccation,
Wings hyaline, with a slight yellowish tinge ; third section of
the costal vein only a little shorter than the second. Length
2-2} mm.

Ten specimens, St. Vincent.

HIPPELATES.
Loew, Centur., iii., 67, 1863.
1. Proboscis elongate, folding backwards (Siphomyia) . . . 9 2
Proboscis not elongate . . . ae Me ee:

2. Thorax black, thinly greyish dusted. . . proboscideus, n, sp.
Thorax yellow, the mesonotum, except on the sides and.
behind, black, thickly yellowish dusted’ . dorsatus, n. sp.

A18 Professor Williston on the

3. Thorax shining black .
Thorax not wholly black sa! SE cee URES er Oe
4. Thorax reddish-yellow; front black; second and third
sections of the costal vein of nearly equal length
equalis, n. sp.
Mesonotum brown or blackish; front yellow, with a
moderate-sized brown triangle; second section of
the costal veia much longer than the third
dorsalis, Loew.
5. Scutellum black ; third section of the costal vein much

shorter than the second. . . . . . . flavipes, Loew.
Scutellum reddish ; second and third sections of the costa
of nearly equallength . . . . . . scutellaris, n. sp.

1. Hippelates (n. subg., Siphomyia) proboscideus, nu. sp.

é. Front opaque yellow, the vertical triangle black, but
covered with light greyish dust, leaving a small, rounded, shining
spot near the ocelli. The triangle reaches to about the middle of
the front, and its sides are nearly equilateral ; a row of small
bristles on either side reaches to below the middle of the front.
Antenne, face, cheeks and palpi wholly yellow ; on either side of
the oral margin in fronta small vibrissal bristle. Proboscis slender,
elongate, bent near its middle and turned back, its slender proximal
portion a little shorter than the length of the head. Cheeks rather
broad. Palpi cylindrical, a little broader toward the end. Thorax
black, thickly greyish dusted, the mesonotum with three, slender,
indistinct lines; the pleura shining black on the lower portion.
Scutellum oval, with two bristles on its border. Abdomen red or
brownish-red ; in some specimens reddish-brown with yellowish
incisures. Legs wholly light-yellow ; spur of the hind tibie long
and stout. Wings cinereous hyaline; third section of the costa
short. Length 2 mm.

T'en specimens. St. Vincent. This and the following
species, while agreeing sufficiently well in the other
characters with the genus Hippelates, I have thought
well to distinguish subgenerically from the other species
by the name Siphomyia, on account of the elongate
proboscis. Others of the previously described species
evidently belong to the same subdivision.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 419

2. Hippelates (Siphomyia) dorsatus, n. sp.

@. Front opaque yellow, the minute ocellar spot brownish.
Antenne yellow, the third joint a little brownish in front ; arista
brown, slender, bare. Face, cheeks, proboscis and palpi yellow ;
proboscis elongate, the labella slender and turned backward.
Mesonotum, except on the sides and posterior margin, black, but
largely concealed beneath light-yellow dust; thorax elsewhere
yellow, opaque. Scutellum convex, yellow, with two small,
approximated bristles at the tip. Abdomen yellow, the second,
third and fourth segments with three series of black, subconfluent
spots, of which the middle ones extend furthest back. Legs light-
yellow ; spur of the hind tibize very long, curved and black.
Wings nearly hyaline ; second sectiou of the costal vein nearly
twice the length of the third section. Length 22 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

9

3. Hippelates equalis, n. sp.

g, @. Front broad; the very large shining black triangle
extends to near the root of the antenne ; remainder of the front
opaque black. Antenne, face, and the very narrow cheeks yellow.
Occiput black. Thorax light reddish-yellow, the mesonotum
shining. Scutellum flattened subquadrate, the marginal bristles
remote from each other on the angles. Abdomen reddish-yellow,
the distal segments somewhat obscure. Legs wholly light-yellow;
spur of the hind tibie long, curved and black. Wings greyish
hyaline ; second and third sections of the costa of nearly equal
length. Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent. This species “is
related to H. pallidus, Loew, but will be distinguished
by the colour ot the front.

4, Hippelates dorsaits.
Hippelates dorsalis, Loew, Centur., viii., 75.—Cuba.

$, @- Front broad, light-yellow opaque ; vertical triangle
reaches to about midway, and is shining black or dark red, some-
times partially concealed beneath greyish dust. Third joint of the
antenne large, rounded ; on its upper part black, below yellow .
The. face, the moderately broad cheeks, and the palpi yellow, the
proboscis block. Thorax reddish-yellow, the mesonotum black or _

420 ‘Professor Williston on the

brown, moderately shining and with feebly marked linear stripes.
Scutellum reddish-yellowish ; oval, convex, and with approximated
apical bristles. Abdomen reddish or yellowish at the base,
becoming brownish distally. Legs reddish or lutescent yellow, the
tarsi brownish distally. Wings nearly hyaline; third section of
the costa but little more than half the length of the second
section. Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent.

5. Hippelates flavipes.
Hippelates flavipes, Loew, Centur., vi., 95.—Cuba.

A large series of specimens from St. Vincent agree
with the description of this species so closely that there
can be no question of their identity. With them, how-
ever, there is yet a larger number which show such
discrepancies that their specific identity is somewhat
doubtful. I give herewith a description of the variety
or species, whichever it may be.

3, 2. Front opaque black or dark brown on the sides ; on the
lower third, from the tip of the very large shining black triangle,
opaque yellow. Antennz yellow, the upper part of the third joint
blackish ; arista black, bare. Face and cheeks yellow, the former
with a large notch in front, which is margined with brown. Meso-
notum shining black, with black pubescence; scutellum opaque,
convex, and with a pair of approximated bristles at the apex.
Pleure shining black. Abdomen black; the base, the venter, and
the ovipositor yellow or yellowish. Halteres light-yellow. Legs,
including the front cox, light-yellow; hind femora for the greater
part black, the middle femora and hind tibiz sometimes blackish.
in the middle. Length 13-2 mm.

In yet another large series the legs are almost wholly
black, save the tarsi, and the antennz are wholly black,

6. Hippelates scutellaris, n. sp.

¢. Front yellow, including the lower part of the very large,
shining black triangle, which reaches very nearly to the base of the
antenne. Antenne reddish-yellow; the arista black and very
finely pubescent. Eyes sparsely, but distinctly, pubescent. Face
yellow, somewhat blackish in the middle, Cheeks very narrow.
Palpi yellow. Mesonotum wholly shining black,-not pollinose. |

Diptera of St. Vencent (West Indies). 421

Scutellum reddish, blackish at the base, its straight distal margin
with tworather remote bristles. Pleurs reddish-yellow. Abdomen
elongate; shining black, at its base obscurely reddish. Legs yellow,
the hind tibiz somewhat, and the last two joints of the tarsi, brown.
Wings nearly hyaline; third section of the costa as long as the
second section. Length 23 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

OscINIs.

Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxiv., 196, 1804.

1. Scutellum elongated, triangular, pointed .-. . . . . . 2
Scutellum oval, convex . . Pee pte ere i

2. Seutellum wholly light- Sane mesonotuta black in the
middle, yellow on the sides . . . . triangularis, n. sp.

Scutellum black, yellow at the eh mesonotum wholly
blgek. 39 3 as . . apicalis, n. sp.

3. Second section of the Peetal vein not ae the length of
the third). . < ; 6

Second section of the conta vein fally twice tite length of
the third . 4
4, Antenne yellow. aH ee eh toc Wk
Antenne black . . . . 2 a. | furynsspe

5. Mesonotum black, greyish- yellowish dusted . . ineipiens, n. sp.

Mesonotum yellow, with four narrow brown stripes,
quadrilineata, n. sp.

Oe Thorax yellow, shining; 750% “28 >. . 9 + <*mitis, nisp:
Thorax not shining, yellow. . , bbe
7. Thorax shining black, front mostly chaning blacks: sy MSUERS
Thorax opaque, vittate; front opaque. . . . . nana, n. sp.

8. Front tarsi yellow ; scutellar bristles approximated, third
joint of the antenne largely yellow. . . concinna, n. sp.
Front tarsi black ; antenne black . . . . . . . anonyma,

1. Oscinis triangularis, n, sp. (Pl. XIV.,, fig. 153a, wing.)

3, ¢. Eyes densely pubescent. Front narrow, not one-third
of the width of the head ; opaque yellow, a minute black spot at
the ocelli ; the small frontal triangle shining. Antenne yellow.
Face, the narrow cheeks, the palpi, and the proboscis light-yellow.
Thorax light-yellow, with light-yellow hair; mesonotum with
three broad, coalesced or coalescent black stripes, the middle one
of which extends further forward than the others. Pleurz witha

422 Professor Williston on the

small, round, black spot above the middle cox. Scutellum large,
nearly equilaterally triangular, with its apex rounded and pro-
vided with two approximated bristles; wholly light-yellow.
Metanotum and the abdomen, except the immediate base, shining
black ; venter yellow. Legs yellow; front tibize and tarsi brown
or brownish ; the distal two joints of the hind tarsi in the ¢ black.
Wings greyish hyaline; third section of the costa about two-
thirds the length of the second section ; third and fourth veins
parallel. Length 2+ mm.

Five specimens. St. Vincent, Leeward side, 500-
1000 feet.

2. Oscinis apicalis, n. sp.

Eyes distinctly pubescent. Front opaque reddish-yellow, the
large vertical triangle deep shining black, its anterior point reach-
ing about two-thirds of the distance to the root of the antenne.
Antenne reddish-yellow, the upper margin of the third joint
brownish; arista black, finely pubescent. Face, cheeks, and
clypeus black. Palpi reddish-yellow. Mesonotum deep black,
moderately shining, finely punctulate. Scutellum elongate, tri-
angular, pointed ; black, its apical one-third light-yellow ; there
are two upright, small bristles at the tip, and on either side a
minute tubercle. Pleuree shining black.. Abdomen shining black,
the venter yellowish. Halteres nearly white. Legs, not including
the cox, wholly light-yellow. Wings greyish hyaline; third
section of the costa not more than one-half the length of the second
section; second, third, and fourth veins parallel. Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent. ‘Forest, 1800 feet,
W. slope of Sonfriere, Sept. 23.”

5. Oscinis quadrilineata, n. sp.

S$, 9. Eyes pubescent. Front opaque yellow, with a small
brown spot between the ocelli ; vertical triangle small, but little
shining. Antenne yellow, the third joint brown on its front
margin. Face, cheeks, and palpi yellow. Thorax yellow, the
mesonotum with four narrow brown stripes, not shining, the
median pair more narrowly separated. Scutellum light-yellow.
Metanotum and abdomen black, the latter at its immediate base
yellow ; venter yellow. Legs yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ;
third section of the costa scarcely one-half the length of the second
section. Length 2 mm.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 4.23

Four specimens. St. Vincent. The abdomen varies
much in colour, from reddish-yellow to black, and the
antennze may be wholly yellow. There are numerous
rather short stubbly bristles on the lateral and posterior
margins of the mesonotum and on the margin of the
scutellum, which are highly characteristic of the
species.

4, Oscinis anonyma, n. sp.

&, 9. Front opaque black on the side, with a large shining
black triangle, reaching nearly to the root of the antenne.
Antenne wholly black, the arista very finely pubescent. Face
black ; cheeks yellow. Thorax deep shining black. Scutellum
convex, black, with two strong, rather remote bristles. Abdomen
black, moderately shining. MHalteres yellow. Legs yellow, the
hind tibiz in part and all the tarsi brown ; the tip of the front
tibie and their tarsi were blackish. Wings greyish hyaline ;
second section of the costa slightly longer than the third.
Length 14} mm,

Two specimens. St. Vincent.

5. Oscinis nana, D. sp.

4, 9. Front opaque, black in ground-colour, but covered with
a thin brownish‘dust ; the large vertical triangle is somewhat
elevated, its sides nearly equilateral, and separated by a distinct
groove from the rest of the front ; it reaches about midway of the
front. Face brown or blackish; cheeks yellowish. Antenne
black, the third joint in large part yellow. Thorax black ; the
mesonotum with four broad, greyish-yellowish, not conspicuous
stripes, leaving three narrow, more blackish intervals. Scutellum
black, the bristles of its apex not remote from each other.
Pleure greyish dusted, Abdomen black, not shining. Legs
yellow, the femora for the greatest part, and the last two joints
of the tarsi black. Wings nearly hyaline; second and third
sections of the costa of nearly equal length. Length 1-1} mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent. The bristles are
everywhere short and inconspicuous.

424, Professor Williston on the

6. Oscinis concinna, n. sp.

¢. The very large, shining black vertical triangle reaches
nearly to the root of the antennz, leaving the sides below opaque-
brown. Antenne reddish-yellow, the front margin of the third
joint black ; arista pubescent. Eyes distinctly pubescent. Face
black in the middle. Cheeks yellow, somewhat silvery. Thorax
and scutellum deep shining black, with black hair ; bristles of
the scutellum approximated. Abdomen shining black. Legs
yellow, the femora for the most part pitchy black ; front tibie
in part brown. Wings nearly hyaline ; second section of the costa
scarcely longer than the third. Length 1} mm.

Three specimens, St. Vincent. This species closely
resembles O. anonyma, but differs in the yellow
antennz, the black femora, the approximated bristles
at the tip of the scutellum, the shorter, more slender
and yellow front tarsi, and the rather longer second
section of the costal vein.

7. Oscinis mitis, n. sp.

3, @. Yellow, the head with a minute black spot at the
ocelli, and the abdomen for the larger part brown. ‘The very
large, shining vertical triangle reaches to the antennz and nearly
from eye to eye at the vertex. Scutellum rather large, subquad-
rate, the bristles of its apex not approximated, Mesonotum shining,
with yellow hairs. Legs lighter yellow. Wings greyish-hyaline ;
second section of the costa only a little longer than the third ;
third and fourth veins parallel, Length 2 mm.

Four specimens. St. Vincent, “ Windward side.”

8. Oscinis incipiens, n. sp.

&, @. Front opaque light-yellow, the opaque, whitish-dusted
vertical triangle scarcely reaching the middle of the front, An-
tennx, face, cheeks and palpi light-yellow, the third joint of the
antennz somewhat brownish above. Thorax and the oval scutellum
deep black, but little shining, covered with greyish-yellowish dust
or pubescence, the scutellum somewhat yellowish at the apex.
Abdomen brownish-black, opaque. Legs yellow, the hind femora,
and the hind tibize in the middle somewhat brownish. Wings’

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 425

nearly hyaline ; second section of the costa more than twice the
length of the third. Length 13 mm.

Thirty specimens. St. Vincent.

9. Oscinis fur, n. sp.

4, 2. Front light-yellow, opaque, with a V-shaped impressed
line, back of which the vertical triangle is more or less black or
brown and greyish-dusted. Face, cheeks and palpi yellow. An-
tenne black, the basal joints yellow. Thorax black, only a little
shining, covered with thin greyish dust or pubescence, Scutellum
oval. Abdomen black, moderately shining. Legs black or dark
brown, the trochanters, knees, more or less of the anterior tibiz
and the base of the middle tarsi yellow. Wings greyish-hyaline ;
third section of the costal vein about half the length of the
second section. Length 2 mm.

Ten specimens. St. Vincent. This species is closely
allied to the foregoing, O. incipiens, but differs in the
colour of the antenne and legs, especially.

CHLCROPs,
Meigen, Illiger’s Magazin, ii., 278, 1803.
1. Chlorops trivittata, n. sp.

3d, @- Front reddish-yellow, mostly shining, with a small
black spot between the ocelli. Basal joints of the antenne yel-
lowish-red ; third joint black. The face, the broad cheeks, palpi
and broad margins of the occiput yellow. Thorax light-yellow ;
the broad median black stripe begins at the neck and reaches two-
thirds of the way to the scutellum ; the lateral stripes begin a
little way back of the front margin and reach further toward the
scutellum ; in addition there is a black strigula above the root of
each wing, and a minute black spot on each humerus. Scutellum
light-yellow, semicircular in shape. Metanotum black. Abdomen
brownish-vellow ; venter yellow. Legs yellow ; the distal joints
of the tarsi brownish. Wings nearly hyaline ; the third section
of the costal vein only a little more than==lf the length of the
second section ; third and fourth longitudinal veins gently di-
vergent ; last section of the fifth vein more than twice the length
of the penultimate section of the fourth. Length 2 mm.

Fifteen specimens. St. Vincent.

426 Professor Williston on the

AGROMYZID.

PLATOPHRYMYIA, n. g.

Allied to Agromyza, but the front very long, plane, and the
epistoma projecting, the proboscis long and slender, folding back-
ward near the middle. Front long, descending, plane or gently
concave longitudinally, with moderately strong bristles reaching
nearly to the root of the antenne. Antenne short, third joint
large, rounded, arista bare. Face excavated in profile, short, the
epistoma projecting as far forward as the antennal projection ; oral
margin of cheeks long, horizontal, straight ; well developed vibrissal
bristles present. Oral margin in front notched. Palpi large, pro-
jecting, a little thickened at the extremity. Thorax moderately
arched in front, flattened behind, with bristles on the sides and in
front of the scutellum. Scutellum large, with four bristles. Abdo-
men oval, depressed, composed apparently of five visible segments,
genitalia not prominent. Legs short and rather strong, not at all
bristly. Auxiliary vein rudimentary; first longitudinal vein
short; basal cells small but distinct ; cross-veins approximated,
the posterior one situated before the middle of the wing.

1, Platophrymyia nigra, n. sp.

Black, Frontal triangle prominent, with a depression on either
side, which extends in the middle in front to the antenne shallowly.
Face with a distinct median keel. Palpi black. Thorax lightly
greyish-dusted. Scutellum oval, with four bristles, the median
pair decussate. Abdomen pruinose, Halteres yellow. Metatarsi
yellowish. Wings whitish-hyaline; penultimate section of the
fourth vein about as long as the ultimate section of the fifth vein ;
the third vein terminates a very little beyond the apex of the wing,
and is curved a little toward the fourth vein towards its extremity.
Length 2 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

OPHTHALMOMYIA, Nn. g.

Auxiliary vein feebly distinct at its beginning, continuing as an
indistinct line and then uniting with the first vein. First vein
short, extending little more than one-third of the length of the
wing, with an incision in the costa before its tip. Cross-veins
not approximated, the ultimate section of the fourth vein scarcely

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 427

twice the length of the penultimate section; anterior cross-vein
situated a little before the termination of the first vein ; basal
cells small, but complete. Face narrow, feebly carinate on the
upper part, broader in the female than in the male, with a row of
rather long bristles on each side extending nearly to the antenne,
but without true vibrissz. The face is plane, not projecting in
profile ; in the middle, not reaching much more than three-fourths
the distance from the root of the antennz to the lower border of
the eyes ; epistoma not at all projecting ; clypeus projecting lappet-
like ; cheeks linear, with bristles along the oral margin. Eyes
forming nearly the entire head in profile, with a distinct excision
on the occipital border near the middle. Occiput concave.
Antenne short, third joint rounded, arista bare. Proboscis slender,
when folded enclosed within the oral cavity, the labella slender and
turned backward. Legs moderately slender, with bristles on the
under side of the femora, but no preapical bristles and no spurs,
save on the middle tibiz, Mesonotum with bristles on the sides
and before the scutellum, the latter oval, with four bristles.
Abdomen ovate, composed of five segments ; ovipositor of female
telescopic, cylindrical, when extended about as long as the fifth
segment ; male genitalia not exserted. Eyes bare. First posterior
cell nearly closed.

1, Ophthalmomyva lacteipennis. (PI. XIV., figs. 154, wing;
154a, b, head of 2.)
Lobioptera lacteipennis, Loew, Centur., vi., 97.—Cuba.
d, 2. Deep shining metallic black ; the front and face more
opaque; legs brownish-black. Abdomen opaque, somewhat bronze-

black, the margins and the fifth segment shining metallic ; palpi
reddish ; wings whitish. Length 2-3 mm.

Numerous specimens.

CERATOMYZA.
Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vi., 1862; Odontocera,
Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., ii., 1835 (preoc.).
1. Ceratomyza dorsalis. (Pl. XIV., figs. 155, wing;
155a, head.)
? Odontocera dorsalis, Loew, Centur., iii, 98.—District
Columbia.
3, @- Front opaque dusky-yellow, with a rounded black spot
about the ocelli. Face and cheeks yellow. First two joints and
the under basal portion of the third joint of the antenne yellow

428 Professor Williston on the

the third joint otherwise black. Mesonotum light-yellow, with
three broad, opaque black stripes confluent in front, the median
stripe reaching but little past the middle ; in addition, a slender
strigula above the root of each wing. Scutellum blackish
on the lateral margins; with two erect bristlesat the apex. Pleure
light-yellow. Metanotum black, except on its uppermost part.
Abdomen black, but whitish pruinose ; the fifth segment with a
yellowish hind margin ; venter yellow. Legs yellow ; coxe and
femora light-yellow, the tibize brown, the tarsi black or blackish.
Length 2} mm.

Two specimens. This species, the only one that has
been recognized in the western continent, appears to
resemble the European C. acuticornis. As in that species,
the fourth vein terminates at the extreme tip of the wing,
the distance between the two cross-veins is less than half
of the length of the last section of the fifth vein. The
wings are nearly hyaline.

AGROMYZA.
Fallen, Agromyzidx, 1823.

1. Agromyza lateralis, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 156, head.)

4, @. Front. of equal width throughout, less than one-third

the width of the head, wholly light-yellow opaque, except a minute ©

black spot between the ocelli. Antenne black, the second joint
and the third at its base somewhat yellowish. Face and cheeks
yellow like the front, the latter narrow, and with a row of small
bristles along the oral margin, the anterior one of which forms a
moderately stout vibrissa. Palpi black. Occipital orbits yellow,
obsolete above. Occiput concave, opaque black. Thorax black ;
mesonotum moderately shining, the lateral margins light-yellow,
broader in front of the wings, and extending over their root, and
sometimes including the postalar callosities. The mesonotum has
short black hair, and the median rows of bristles extend as far
forwards as the middle. Abdomen black, a little shining, clothed
with black hair. Halteres light-yellow. Legs black or brownish-
black, the tarsi brown or brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline ;
penultimate section of the fourth vein not longer than the posterior
cross-vein ; first and second basal eells united. Length 2-3 mm.

Numerous specimens.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 429

2. Agromyza xanthophora. (Pl. XIV., fig. 157, wing.) ©

? Agromyza wanthophora, Schiner, Reise der Novara,
Diptera, 29].—S. America.

¢. Front opaque black, lightly whitish dusted when seen from
the side; above about one-third of the width of the head,
moderately narrowed below ; immediately above the root of the
antenne an oval yellow spot. Antennz wholly black, the arista bare.
Face black, lightly whitish dusted like the front. Cheeks narrow,
hairy behind, but apparently without a row of bristles along the
oral margin. Cheeks very narrow. Palpi black. Posterior orbits
very narrow through it. Mesonotum opaque black, with black
hair; the lateral margins, except a small spot on the humeri, the
hind margin laterally, and a large confluent, quadrilateral spot
behind, sulphur-yellow. Scutellum wholly yellow. Pleure black
below; on the upper part confluent with the yellow of the sides
of the mesonotum ; the yellow is broadest below the root of the
wings. Abdomen yellow; third, fourth and fifth segments each
with a median black spot, partly confluent with each other and
becoming successively larger posteriorly. Ovipositor black,
cylindrical, gently tapering, about twice as long as broad, and about
as long as the fifth segment. Wings hyaline ; auxiliary vein
distinct, except at its tip, where it is so slender and so closely ap-
proximated to the first vein thatit is scarcely to be distinguished ;
penultimate section of the fourth vein scarcely longer than the
posterior cross-vein and about half the length of the ultimate
section of the fifth vein. Length 4 mm.

One specimen. Schiner’s rather brief description
applies well to this specimen, except in the size, which is.
given at 1—I4 lines. I believe, notwithstanding, the-
species are identical.

3. Agromyza sorosis, n. sp.

4, @. Head, including the antenne, yellow, a minute spot at
the ocelli and the upper part of the occiput black. Front about
one-third of the width of the head, a little broader on the upper
part. Cheeks moderately broad, with bristles along the oral margin.
Thorax light-yellow, with three broad, black stripes, separated by
linear intervals or wholly confluent ; the middle stripe begins at the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896.—ParT III, (SEPT.) ag

430. Professor Williston on the

collar and extends to back of the middle; the lateral portions behind,
near the humeri, and reach nearly to the scutellum, with an angular
incision at the hind end and at the suture. The scutellum has a
small blackish spot on each margin and its dorsum is sometimes
brownish. The ovipositor is about as long as broad, and about as
long as the fifth segment. Metanotum black. Halteres light
yellow. Abdomen yellow, the dorsum brownish or reddish-yellow.
Wings hyaline ; penultimate section of the fourth vein a little
longer than the posterior cross-vein and not more than a fourth or
a fifth of the length of the last section of the fifth vein.
Length 13-2 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent. There is some
variation among the specimens, which possibly may
indicate specific differences. ¢. Wings as described ;
black of the mesonotum extending furthest back in the
middle, nearly to the scutellum; abdomen brownish-
yellow, the first three segments with a brown cross-band,
the last two with a small brown spot in the middle.
¢. Like the typical specimens, but the penultimate section
of the fourth vein not one-third the length of the last
section of the fifth vein. One of the typical specimens
is labelled : ‘* Mt. St. Andreas at Cavalries Forest,
1200 feet, Oct. 16.”

4, Agromyza anthrax, n. sp.

&. Black, but little shining. Front very broad, nearly square,
its width rather exceeding its length ; opaque black, on its lower
margin yellowish. Antenne black, third joint rounded, large,
pubescent; arista very short pubescent. Face receding, excavated,
not at all visible from the sides; cheeks linear, with black bristles
along the oral margin and a rather stout vibrissal bristle in front.
Palpi projecting beyond the oral margin, yellow. Mesonotum and
scutellum a little shining. Abdomen opaque, oval. Halteres
yellow. Knees and tarsi yellow, the distal joints of the latter
brownish. Wings lightly tinged ; the third vein terminates in the
apex of the wing ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about
one-third as long as the ultimate section of the fifth,
Length 13 mm.

One specimen. St. Vincent.

Diptera of Si. Vincent (West Indies). 431

Losiorrera.
Wahlberg, (fvers. af K.Ventenska Acad. Forh., 1847, 259.

1. Lobioptera leucogastra.

Milichia leucogastra, Loew, Wien. Entom. Monatschr.,
v., 43, 20.—Cuba.

Lobioptera leucogastra, Loew, Centur., viii., 95.

A single specimen from St. Vincent, agreeing well
with the description.

SEPSIDA.

SEpsIs.
Fallen, Ortalidx, 20, 1820.

1. Sepsis insularis, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., figs. 159, wing ;
159a, front leg of ¢.

d, Q. Front shining black, somewhat reddish below, with a
median longitudinal depression on the lower part. Antenne
yellowish-red, the third joint sometimes a little brownish ; third
joint comparatively large. Face and cheeks yellowish-red. Thorax
shining black throughout. Abdomen deep shining black, with
coppery and purple reflections. Legs yellow or lutescent yellow,
the distal joints of all the tarsi and the hind tibizw brown or black-
ish; front femora in the male dilated for the basal two-thirds, as
far as a bifid tubercle, in which is inserted a short bristle; beyond
the tubercle the femur is immediately narrowed, and a little
distance before it there is a bristle near the middle of the femur ;
tibiz with a small tubercle corresponding to that of the femur.
Wings hyaline, the immediate base in the costal cells blackish.
Length 4 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

BORBORID.
Limosina.
Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., ii., 571, 1835.
TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Third section of the costal vein longer than the second . ,
Third section shorter than the second .

. Distal section of the second vein distinctly tones: iho the

first section of the third vein . . . . perparva, n. sp.

bo

as
—~

432 Professor Williston on the

Distal section of the second vein not longer than the first
section of the third vein. . . . « lugubris,n, sp.
3. Scutellum deep opaque-black, noticably different from the
mesonotum .. . . . scutellaris, n. sp-
Scutellum. not noticeably diferent, in colour from the. -
mesonotum . . «© » = « 4
4. Third vein beyond the cross-vein nearly neh format
ing at the tipof the wing . . . . . . pumila,n.sp.
Third vein with a marked anterior curvature, terminating
at some distance before the tip of the wing. dolorosa,n. sp.

1. Limosina scutellaris, n. sp.

2, 9. Front black, moderately shining, the lower portion and
the face, andthe antenne red. Mesonotum yellowish-red. Scutel-
lum deep velvety black. Abdomen deep black, slightly metal-
lescent, and thinly greyish-pollinose. Legs yellow, hind femora
blackish ; middle tibe with spinous bristles. Length 2-2} mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent, etc.

2. Limosina pumila, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 160, wing.)

4, 2. Front opaque black, a median stripe or slender triangle
shining, below red or pitchy. Antenne black; arista finely
pubescent. Face black, obscurely red or pitchy across the middle.
Thorax black, moderately shining ; scutellum opaque, flattened,
with four strong bristles. Abdomen black, but little shining. Legs
luteous or brown, the femora and tibiz more or less blackish, the
tarsi for the larger part yellowish ; middle tibize with strong bristles
on the outer side ; hind metatarsi but little longer than broad,
moderately dilated, scarcely more than half the length of the
slender second joint. Wings smoky hyaline ; the three sections
of the costa of nearly equal length, the first section with longer
bristles. Length 2-23 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

3. Limosina dolorosa, n. sp.

¢, ¢. Black, thinly greyish-dusted, opaque. Antenne black,
arista pubescent ; third joint transversely oval. Face and cheeks
black, but little shining. Scutellum coloured like mesonotum, its
margin reddish. Legs dark-brown; middle tibiz with stout
bristles on the outer side ; hind tibie and tarsi of nearly equal
length, the metatarsi about half the length of the second joint.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 433

Wings lightly tinged with brownish ; first section of the costa with
bristles ; second section a fourth or a third longer than the third
section; the third vein is conspicuously curved forward and
terminates distinctly before the tip of the wing; fourth vein
beyond the discal cell feebly represented, gently curved. Length
23-3 mm.

Numerous specimens. St. Vincent.

4, Limosina perparva, n. sp. (PI. XIV., figs. 161,
wing; 16la, antenna.)

¢d. Front and face opaque-black. Antenne obscurely yellow,
the third joint whitish pubescent, heart-shaped, with a terminal
arista ; arista black, pubescent. Thorax and scutellum deeply
black, the former shining, the latter opaque. Abdomen black.
Legs black ; the tip of the tibiw and the tarsi yellowish ; hind
metatarsi nearly as long as the second joint. Wings nearly
hyaline ; the second vein joins the costa in a very acute angle, and
is concave on the posterior side throughout ; costa with longer
bristles on its first section. Length 0-9 mm.

One specimen,

5. Limosina lugubris, n. sp. (Pl. X1V., fig. 162, wing.)

&, 9. Face and cheeks yellow or brownish-yellow. Antenne
yellow, the third joint brownish at the tip, whitish pubescent,
heart-shaped, the finely-pubescent arista terminal ; second joint
with a coronet of strong bristles. Front opaque-reddish or
brownish-yellow. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen black shining ;
scutellum flattened. Legs yellow, middle tibie with bristles on
the under side. Wings tinged with brownish, with a narrow
cross-band and the tip more nearly hyaline ; the third vein takes
its origin beyond the insertion of the first; the first section of the
third vein is a little shorter than the terminal section of the
second vein, and the third section of the costa is nearly three
times the length of the second section ; posterior cross-vein but
little longer than the anterior cross-vein. Length 1} mm,

One specimen. With this specimen there is another,
which has the front brown above, the pleurz brownish-
yellow, the wings rather narrower, not clouded,
and with the distal section of the third vein more
nearly straight, and terminating exactly at the tip of
the wing. It undoubtedly belongs to a different
_ Species.

434 Professor Williston on the

Borsorus.
Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., ii., 276, 1803.

1. Borborus venalicus. (Pl. XIV., fig. 163, wing.)

Borborus venalicus, Osten Sacken, Catalogue of
Diptera, 2nd ed., 263.-— Africa, Cuba, Brazil
(Col. Williston).

g, @. Front deep red, blackish above ; opaque, with about
ten small silvery spots. Antennz brownish-red ; arista bare.
Cheeks and face yellow, the latter shining. Thorax black or
nearly black, moderately shining, the dorsum with two pollinose
stripes and about twenty small, white-pollinose partially confluent
spots. Scutellum large, subtriangular, opaque-black, the base and
small spots at the tip white. Abdomen black, the narrow hind-
margin of the segments whitish. Femora black or deep brown,
with the tip yellowish ; tibiz brown, the front pair with one,
the middle and hind pairs with two dark-brown rings. Tarsi
yellow, with the two distal joints black and the moderately
thickened hind metatarsi partly brown. Wings nearly hyaline,
with a small brown cloud at the angulated tip of the second vein
and at the origin of the third. Third vein gently curved ; front
border of the wings without spinous bristles. Length 2-3 mm.

Twelve specimens. ‘‘ Dr. Loew (in litt.) informs me
that this is an African species; and as I have found it
abundantly in Cuba, it seems probable it was brought
over in slave-ships.” Sacken, J. c. I have the species
from Brazil.

2. Borborus illotus, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 164, wing.)

¢. Front opaque-black, on the lower part red. Antenne red,
the third joint rounded ; arista finely pubescent. Face reddish-
brown. Thorax dark yellowish-red, opaque; mesonotum with
abundant and rather long black hair ; pleurz black near the root
of the wing. Abdomen opaque-black. Legs brown or brownish-
yellow, the femora for the most part blackish ; middle and hind
tibiz with stout bristles on the outer side ; hind metatarsi moder-
ately dilated, but little more than half the length of the slender
second joint. Wings yellowish-hyaline ; third section of the costal
vein not more than two-thirds the length of the second section ;

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 435

second vein sinuous, the third terminates before the tip of the
wing ; fourth vein thin, but distinct. Length 2} mm.
One specimen. St. Vincent.

SPHEROCERA.
Latreille, Hist. Nat. Ins. et Crust., xiv., 1804.
1. Spherocera bimaculata,n.sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 165, wing.)

3, 2. Front and face black, opaque, sometimes in part yel-
lowish, finely roughened. Antenne brownish-red or reddish-brown,
the third joint whitish at the tip ; arista bare. Thorax brownish-
black, the dorsum slightly shining, with four punctulate lines.
Scutellum subtriangular, rounded and convex, bare (a minute point
on either margin). Abdomen broadly oval, flat, bare, opaque-black,
with two large, yellow spots, the anterior one more rounded or sub-
quadrangular, the posterior one oval and smaller. Venter largely
yellow. ‘Legs, including the cox, light-yellow, without distinct
bristles ; front femora thickened ; hind legs elongate ; hind meta-
tarsi about as long as the three following joints together, much
thickened ; second joint a little thickened. Wings nearly hyaline ;
last sections of the third and fourth veins nearly parallel ; fifth
vein complete. Length 3 mm.

Six specimens. St. Vincent.

PHORIDA.*
PHora.
Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., etc., xiv., 1804.
1. Phora fungicola.
Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist, xxvui., 106, 1890.

One specimen, seemingly a male. 1500 feet. The
lower part of the pleurz is yellowish.
2. Phora interrupta.
Zetterstedt, Insecta lapponica, 797, 12, 1840.
Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist, xxvii., 1038, 1895.

Hight specimens. Sea level to 1500 feet.

* By J. M. Aldrich.

436 Professor J. M. Aldrich on the

3. Phora fasciata.

Fallen, Diptera suecica,. Phytomyz., 7,9, 1823.
Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist, xxvii., 103, 1895.

Fourteen specimens. Sea level to 1500 feet. They are
but little different from Phora interrupta, but average
larger, less dark on abdomen, wings clearer, and first
light vein less curved. Both species have the hind
femora tipped with brown.

4, Phora venata, n. sp.

G. Head and abdomen black, thorax brownish-black, legs
including tarsi yellow, femora a little darker. Palpi brown,
antenne blackish. Legs destitute of sete, second heavy vein not
forked. Anterior frontal bristles proclinate. Bristles of the front
small, except the verticals. Halteres brown. Under surface of
fore femora with a row of delicate curved hairs. Pleurz yellowish
below. Hypopygium yellow, rather large, with two black pro-
jecting claspers below and a brownish lamellar portion, bristly
below, projecting backward ; also a slender yellow styliform organ
(penis ?) in the centre below. Length 1:3 mm.

''he most noticeable peculiarity of the species is the
venation. ‘The heavy veins reach beyond the middle.
The so-called ight veins are much heavier than in any
other known North American species, comparatively
straight, and have the appearance of making a complete
union with the heavy veins, instead of stopping a little
short and then running parallel with them.

One male. 1000 feet,

5. Phora furtiva, n. sp.

¢. Third vein forked, anterior frontal bristles procli-
nate, tibiz destitute of large bristles on the outer side; head,
thorax and abdomen black, legs brownish, the tarsi and anterior
tibie yellow. Front black, the bristles rather below medium
size, the fine hairs somewhat conspicuous, antenne blackish, more
or less yellowish at base, palpi yellow. Thorax sub-shining,
pleure shining black, halteres black. Femora in fully coloured
specimens dark brown, in less mature ones yellowish-brown, the
tibie lighter. Hind tarsi almost twice the length of the tibie.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 437

Hind tibiw on the posterior edge with longer hairs, on the inner
side of this a row of about twelve small bristles, Wings slightly
yellow, heavy veins reaching but little past the middle, second
vein reaching barely more than half-way from the humeral vein to
the fork of the third, on the costa, First and second light veins
ending about equally far from the apex, the cell before the first
as wide as the narrowest part of the one behind it. Length
1:5 mm.

Two females. 1000 feet.

6. Phora divaricata, n. sp.

$,?. Antenne, palpi, pleurz, halteres and legs deep yellow,
anterior frontal sete reclinate and divaricate ; second heavy vein
forked, the first attaining three-fourths of the distance from the
humeral to the second, the first light vein moderately arcuated, the
fourth scarcely visible, very slender. Front dark brown or black, the
lower edge yellowish ; thorax above varying from yellow to black,
frequently yellow with indistinct darker markings longitudinally.
Abdomen black or brown, the posterior margin of each segment
with a narrow band of light-yellow, which continues more or less
as a stripe down the middle of the dorsal surface. Venter vellow.
Anterior tibiz on the front side with a row of four set, middle
tibize with two together a trifle below the knee, hind tibiz with a
minute row of fine hairs down the posterior edge, but no sete
except at apex. Hind femora considerably thickened. Wings
tinged with yellow, costa reaching a little past the middle, with
two rows of fine sete, which are more divaricate at the base. The
two branches of the second vein are very close together, yet
distinct. Inthe males the genitalia are bent up under the venter,
giving the abdomen a knobbed appearance. Length 1:4 to
1°8 mm.

Two males, five females. Sea level to 1000 feet
May.

7. Phora aurea, n. sp.

3, @. Yellow, lower frontal bristles proclinate, second vein
forked, the abdomen, or at least the dorsal part, reddish-orange in
colour. Front, antennez and palpi yellow, arista yellow at base;
thorax wholly yellow, halteres yellow, in some cases brownish about
the apex ; legs wholly yellow, the tarsi scarcely darker, middle and
hind tibizs with a row of nearly a dozen small bristles running

438 Professor J. M. Aldrich on the

down the posterior edge ; hind femora moderately thickened, with
a few little bristles below near the tip ; abdomen bright reddish-
orange in colour, toward the tip and below irregularly blackened.
In one specimen, a male, the reddish colour is confined to the base,
and there is a well-defined black spot on each side of the middle of
the dorsum. Wings quite deeply tinged with yellow, the heavy
veins reaching far beyond the middle, the first light vein but little
curved, ending at or but little before the apex. The first heavy
vein ends just perceptibly past the middle of the distance between
the humeral vein and the tip of the branch of the second vein.
The fourth light vein is distinct to the border. Length 1:3
to 1‘7 mm.

Two males, seven females. 500 to 1500 feet.

8. Phora magnipalpis, n. sp.

é. Second vein forked, anterior frontal bristles proclinate, legs
yellow, the hind femora a little brownish, head, antenne, thorax,
and abdomen black ; palpi, halteres and pleure brownish-black.
The palpi in the male are enlarged, divaricate, destitute of the
usual strong sete. Wings hyaline, the light veins very slender, tip
of second vein just midway between the humeral and the fork of
the second, on the costa; second light vein with a greater
curvature than usual, almost parallel with the vein before it.
ending but little behind the apex. The heavy veins reach but
little beyond the middle of the wing. Length 1:2 to 1-4 mm.

Four males. Sea level to 1000 feet. May.

I have also four females, same size and locality, which
differ in having a lighter but variable coloration. The
halteres and palpi vary from yellow to brown ; dorsum of
thorax brown. The wings are as in the preceding males.
I regard them as the same species, although there is

not usually such a range of variation, especially between
the two sexes.

In addition to the species described above, the collec-
tion contained two specimens of somewhat different
coloration from any described species, and different from
each other, which, on account of the absence of any
striking characters, I leave undetermined for the present.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 439

HIPPOBOSCID.*
ORNITHOMYIA.
Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., xiv., 1804.

1. Ornithomyia erythrocephala.

? Ornithomyia erythrocephala, Leach, Eprob. Ins., 13,
pl. xxvii, figs. 4, 5.

Four specimens which probably belong to this species.
I have only Wiedemann’s quotation of Leach’s descrip-
tion for comparison, which does not give the length. The
specimens are from nine to ten millimetres in length, the
costal border of the submarginal cell is about two-thirds
the length of that of the marginal cell, the second
posterior cell is only a littie longer than the first, etc.

SUPPLEMENT.

EMPIDIDA. (See p. 307.)
HEMERODROMIA.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i1., 1822.

1. Hemerodromia defessa, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 166,

wing.)

¢. Head and thorax shining, deep pitchy black or black, the
lower part of the face and the occipital orbits grey pollinose. Eyes
broadly contiguous on the face. Antenne light yellow, the third
joint as long as the first two together. Bristles of thorax and
scutellum wholly inconspicuous. Abdomen opaque black, the venter
yellow. Legs light-yellow ; front femora much thickened, a little
longer than the coxa, not emarginate for the reception of the tibial
spine. Wings nearly hyaline; anal cell and discal cell wanting ;
anterior cross-vein situated a little beyond the middle of the basal
cell ; second posterior cell and its petiole of nearly equal length ; no
stigma. Proboscis light yellow, shorter than the height of the head.

Four specimens. The present species is related to
H. captus, Cog., but differs in the shining colour of the
head and thorax.

* By S. W. Williston.

440 Professor Williston on the

2. Hemerodromia, sp.

¢. Head black, thickly grey pollinose. Eyes narrowly separated
in the middle of the face. Antenne and proboscis light yellow.
Thorax reddish yellow, the mesonotum somewhat greyish pollinose,
and with feeble indications of longitudinal stripes. Legs light
yellow ; front femora greatly thickened, and with a distinct emar-

gination for the reception of the tip of the tibiz. ‘Wings as in
Hi. defessa.

One specimen. In the absence of specimens for com-
parison, it is hazardous to say that this is the same as
H. oratorio, Fall., but I can find no important differences
from Loew’s description. I suspect that H. empiformis,
Say, may also be the same species (Coquillett has wrongly
identified it). Coquillett makes no mention of the con-
tiguity of the eye in his H. rogatoris, and leaves it to be
inferred that the bristles of the thorax are microscopic.
If such be the case, the two species are distinct.

For those species of Hemerodromia, in the sense of
Loew, in which the neuration is normal, Coquillett has
recently resuscitated the table name Mantipeza, Rondani,
referring allthe others to Hemerodromia, with the excep-
tion of H. scapularis, Loew, for which he creates the
genus Neoplasta. Hemerodronia precatoria, Fall. (H.
monostigma, Meigen), is a true Mantipeza, in Coquillett’s
sense, but he leaves it in emerodromia, so that it is difficult
to say just what his conception of Mantipeza really is.
In the examination of the descriptions and specimens of
most of the known species of Hemerodromia, in the sense
of Loew, I find the following different combinations of
characters :—

1. Anal cell present, discaland second posterior cells
also preseut.— Mantipeza of Coquillett.

This is Hemerodromia of Bigot, and it should be con-
sidered that of Meigen also.

2. Anal cell present, second basal cell present, discal
cell wanting.—Mantineza of Bigot.

This includes H. nigriventris, H. defecta, etc. Mr.
Coquillett also includes in this group H. albipes, Walker.
Mr. Coquillett’s acumen in the detection of so many of
Walker’s defectively described species is to be commended.
In the present case, however, has he some special infor-
mation concerning the type of H. albipes? Mr. Walker

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies), 441

located albives with precatoria, in which there is a “ dis-

coidal areolet,”? and which should, therefore, belong in
Coquillett’s Mantipeza. He also describes the body as
being “‘fulvo-canis” in colour, with a “slight tawny
tinge,’ while Coquillett calls the “thorax and abdomen
black.” If Mr. Coquillett has information concerning the
type, then Walker’s description should be cancelled in
toto, and the species rest upon Coquillett’s diagnosis.

3. Anal cell present, second basal and discal cells
united ; second posterior cell sessile.-—Neoplasta of
Coguillett.

4, Anal cell wanting; second basal cell present and
elongated; discal cell wanting.—Microdromia of
Bigot.

This includes the species described above, anda num-
ber of others.

If Thomson is correct in his reference of H. analis,
then there is yet another group, differing from Neoplasta
in the second posterior cell being complete.

DRAPETIS.
(See page 308.)

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1, Thorax reddish yellow . . . . . . . « canthopoda, Will.
horax black 5 = « + Rte Ger Pees 2
2. Legs light yellow, thorax shining a ies 3

Legs largely brown; mesonotum miderataly mae ; first
posterior cell not widened at the margin ; pawelte
mate section of the fourth vein very short . ap/c7s, n. sp.

3. First posterior cell much widened in the margin, the third
vein terminating distinctly before the tip of the wing,
minuta, D. sp.

First posterior cell narrowed in the margin, the third vein
not terminating before the tip . . 4

4. The extreme tip of the wing is at the tip an the fourtth: vein, sp.

The extreme tip is a little before the tip of the fourth

VIN ge tawin a) ikea ts 6) by wee He @eepcenaWallls

442 Professor Williston on the

3. Drapetis ‘apicis, nu. sp. (Pl. XEV:, figs. 167, wing ;
167a, antenna.)

3, 9. Front black, of moderate width, narrowed below, not at
all shining. Antenne brown or reddish brown ; third joint very
small, onion-shaped. Eyes contiguous on theface. Thorax black;
mesonotum moderately shining, lightly pruinose in some reflections.
Scutellum with two bristles. Abdomen black, nearly opaque ;
hypopygium shining. Legs brown or blackish brown; front coxe,
basal portion of all the femora, the hind tibiz in part, and the
proximal portion of the four posterior tarsi yellow or yellowish ;
front femora considerably thickened on the proximal portion, its
under border straight ; middle femora less thickened, the hind
femora rather slender. Wings nearly uniformly tinged with brown;
second and third sections of the costa of nearly equal length ; third
and fourth veins nearly parallel, the third terminating at the
extreme tip ; penultimate section of the fourth vein about twice
the length of the posterior cross-vein. Palpi, proboscis, and hal-
teres brown. Front and hind tibiew without spurs.

Three specimens.

4. Drapetis minuta, n.sp. (PI. XIV., figs. 168, wing;
168a, antenna.)

6. Eyes closely contiguous above and below the antenne.
Vertical triangle and occiput black, whitish pruinose. Antenne
light yellow ; third joint as long as the first two together, a half
longer than wide. Thorax black ; mesonotum shining, clothed with
black hair. Scutellum with two bristles. Abdomen black, moder-
ately shining. Legs light yellow; all the femora moderately
thickened, the front pair more so than the others. Wings nearly
hyaline ; second vein deeply concave anteriorly ; third vein widely
divergent from the fourth, the first posterior cell widely open.

The hair of the mesonotum in some lights has a yellow-
ish cast. A closely related species from Grenada has the
autennee darker coloured, the third joint smaller, the
second vein of the wing less concave, etc. ‘T'wo speci-
mens.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 44.3)

5. Drapetis, n. sp.

¢. Very much like D. flavipes, but smaller, the second longi-
tudinal vein shorter and more concave, the third vein straighter,
the fourth terminating at the extreme tip of the wing, instead of a
little beyond it, etc. Length 1 mm.

One specimen.
AGROMYZIDA. (See p. 426.)
| PHYLLOMYZA.
Fallen, Diptera Suec., Ocht., 8, 1823.

1. Plyllomyza magnipalpis, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. fig. 169,
head of ¢.)

@. Head deep black. Front broad, large, the narrow orbits,
on which are placed the lateral row of bristles, subshining. Third
antennal joint very large, the arista, which springs from its superior
angle, finely pubescent. Face excavated, retreating in profile.
Palpi very large, projecting; proboscis small, rather slender.
Thorax deep black ; mesonotum shining, with black hair. Scu-
tellum large, trapezoidal, with a stout bristle on each apical angle.
Abdomen black, with black hair, not shining ; in shape, short
ovate, the five segments of nearly equal length. Legs black, the
immediate tip of femora, the front tibize, the middle tibiz in part
and all the tarsi yellow. Wings nearly hyaline ; basal cells small,
but complete ; submarginal cell narrowed at the extremity, its
costal margin only about half the length of that of the first pos-
terior cell ; the third vein terminates at the extreme tip of the
wing ; penultimate section of the fourth vein less than one-third
the length of the ultimate section. Length 1}mm.

One specimen.

Acromyza. (See p. 428.)

5. Agromyza mnominata, n. sp. (Pl. XIV., fig. 158,
head of 2.)

¢. Head yellow, a blackish spot at the ocelli; front broad.
Antenne yellow; third joint longer than broad; arista finely
pubescent. Face short, gently excavated in profile ; cheeks rather
broad. Palpielongate, dilated. Thorax obscurely reddish-yellow ;

444, - Professor Williston on-the

mesonotum with black hairs. Scutellum large, with two stout,
remote, black bristles. Abdomen brown or blackish, yellowish at
base. Legs light yellow ; hind femora black at the immediate tip.
Wings cinereous hyaline; basal cells complete; penultimate
section of the fourth vein a little longer than the posterior cross-
vein, or the last section of the fifth vein. Length 1} mm.

One specimen.

GEOMYZIDA.
ANTHOMYZA.

Fallen, Spec. Entom., 1810; Leptomyza, Macquart,
Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1835 ; Anthophilina, Zetterstedt,

Ins. Lapp., 1840.

1. Anthomyza cinerea, u. sp. (Pl. XIV., fic. 170;
head of ¢.)

d, 9. Front broad, narrowest opposite the insertion of the
antenne ; yellow, the vertical margin more or less cinereous ; with
four rows of short bristles, reaching nearly to the root of the
antenne. Antenne yellow, the third joint orbicular and more or
less brownish ; arista nearly bare. Face and cheeks light yellow.
Eyes small, oval. Occiput flattened, cinereous. Thorax black in
ground-colour, but thickly covered with grey dust, that on the
mesonotum somewhat yellowish ; hair of the mesonotum black.
bristly, the true bristles, however, confined to the posterior part in
the middle. Abdomen black, but more or less thickly whitish
pollivose,and with recumbent white hair ; first two segments often
in part reddish; remaining segments with a more or less distinct
yellowish or whitish hind border. Legs yellow, the moderately-
thickened femora often infuscated distally ; terminal joints of the
tarsi more or less brown; bristles on the posterior inferior surface
of the front femora not conspicuous. Wings cinereous or smoky
hyaline ; third section of the costa only a little longer than the
fourth ; second vein gently curved ; penultimate section of the
fourth vein only a little longer than the last section of the fifth.
Palpi slender, yellow. Length 2}-2? mm.

Twelve specimens. ‘ March. Common on the sandy
sea-shore, alighting on the wet, wave-washed sand.” The
species seems to be allied to A. gracilis, Fallen.

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). AAS

2. Anthomyza xanthopoda, un. sp.

$, @- Front narrower than in 4A. cinerea, narrowest below ;
red, the vertical margin brownish ; on either side the vertical
margin is white, and bears the outer row of short bristles.
Antenne yellow; arista bare. Face and cheeks light-yellow,
the latter scarcely more than one-third as wide as the vertical
diameter of the eyes. Thorax black in ground-colour, thickly
ashy-grey pollinose, witha shade of yellowish on the mesonotum ;
hair of the mesonotum bristle-like. Abdomen black, greyish
pruinose, opaque ; rather slender in the male, the hypopygium pro-
tuberant ; all the segments with a narrow yellowish or whitish hind
border ; hair short, wholly black. Legs yellow; last joint of all
the tarsi brown ; bristles of front femora not conspicuous. Pro-
boscis and wings asin d. cinerea. Length 2-24 mm.

Three specimens. ‘'he species is readily distinguish-
able from A. cinerea by the narrower front and cheeks,
the less densely pollinose thorax, black hair of the
abdomen, &c.

In addition to the foregoing species listed or described
from the island of St. Vincent, there are, among the
specimens submitted to me, about twenty others, the
systematic positions of which are yet more or less
doubtful. Several of them will probably require the
erection of new genera for their reception. The descrip-
tions will be given in a later paper, in connection with the
report upon the Grenada Diptera now in my hands for
study.

The present collection of Diptera is the first one of any
extent that has been studied from the West Indian Islands.
Isolated species, or small collections, chiefly of the larger
forms, have been studied by various authors, but no col-
lection has ever represented nearly so fully the microfauna
as does the presentone. The West Indian Diptera-fauna
is essentially a common one, with a strong South American
facies. Very few of the species, I believe, will be found
restricted to any single island or group of islands. But
comparatively few of the species will be found to occur in
North America, and they for the most part are either
species of wide-spread habitats, or else are confined to

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—parTii. (sEpPT.) 30

446 Professor Williston on the Diptera of St. Vincent.

the southernmost portions of the United States, especially
Florida, whose fauna seems to partake largely of the
southern type.

It may, perhaps, occasion some surprise that so large a
proportion of the foregoing species are determined as new.
This is due to two facts. First, the larger portion of
the species of the collection are small or very small, the
majority not exceeding four millimetres in length and
nearly a half requiring the use of a compound microscope
for their study. Second, the small, obscure species
are exceedingly difficult to recognize from the majority of
the existing descriptions of South American forms. I can-
not hope to have avoided allsynonyms. ‘That some of the
species have been previously described from South and
Central America will be a matter of comparative indiffer-
ence if I have succeeded in so describing and figuring the
present ones that the future observer of specimens from
these regions will be able to determine them with tolerable
certainty.

My thanks are due to Professor Aldrich for so kindly
undertaking the study of the families Dolichopodidee and
Phoride, to which he has given so much attention in
recent years.

‘Exxpianation or Prates VIII., IX., X., XI., XIL.,
XIII, & XIV.

PuaTE VIII.—See explanation facing Plate VIII.

PuateE IX. . rs » Plate IX.
PLATE X. > 3 » Plate X.
Puate XI. as Fs » Plate XI.
PuiaTE XII. 3 » LPlate XII.
PLATE XG, ,, ‘ », Plate XIII.

PuaTE XIV. sa - » Plate XIV.

(447)

XII. Supplementary Note to my previous Papers on the
Heteromerous Coleoptera of Australia and Tasmania.
By Grorce Cartes Caampion, F.Z.8.

[Read June 4th, 1896.]

Srnce the publication of Part Il. of my paper on the
“* Heteromerous Coleoptera of Australia and 'l’asmania ”’
(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895), two memoirs dealing
with the same subject have come to hand. Both are by
Mr. A. M. Lea, of the Bureau of Agriculture, Perth, W.
Australia. As a question of priority is involved in
several cases amongst the Anthicidee and Mordellide, it
may be stated that Mr. Lea’s papers bear the following
dates: — The first [Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) ix.,
pp. 989-634] was read on Oct. 31st, 1894, and published
on March 28th, 1895. The second [Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W. (2) x., pp. 224-319] was read on May 29th,
1895, and published on Nov. 18th, 1895.

His first paper, therefore, antedates my own by a little
more than two months, the latter having been read in
March, and published in June, 1895. ‘lhe second was
not issued till more than five months later. Mr. Lea has
been kind enough to send me specimens of many of his
new species of Anthicide and Mordellidz, and also to let me
see authentically named examples of several of the species
of King and Macleay which were not recognizable from
the brief descriptions. The Rev. T. Blackburn, too, has
sent me a specimen of his genus Trichosalpingus for
examination.

The following corrections must be made to my paper :—
P. 233. The Tasmanian insect described by me
under the name of Talayra orchesioides = Orchesia
elongata, Macl. (from Queensland, etc.), according to
specimens sent me by Mr. Lea. ‘The species will
therefore have to bear the name Talayra elongata.
P. 236. The genus Tellias = V'richosalpingus,
Blackburn (1891), who, the lamellate penultimate
tarsal joint notwithstanding, referred it to the
Pythidee, where I should not have thought of looking
for it. One of the principal characters given by
Lacordaire and others for the Pythidz is the “ simple

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PparT Ill. (SEPT.)

448 Mr. G.C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera.

tarsi.’ 7’. fuwmatus, Champ., is very closely allied
to T. brunneus, for a specimen of which I am
indebted to Mr. Blackburn, but may be separated
from it by the coarser and less dense puncturing of
the thorax and elytra.

Pp. 244, 245. The citations Sessinia atkinsona
and S. sublineata, C. O. Waterh., *‘in litt.””? should
read ‘ Cist. Ent. 11, pp. 228, 229 (1877).”” These
species have not been noticed in the Zoological
Record, and as Mr. Waterhouse could not give me
any information on the subject, when applied to, and
I was unable to find them at the time, they were
cited as unpublished names.

P. 257. The name inflatus is preoccupied in
Anthicus. This species is described by Mr. Lea in
his second paper (p. 279), and his name, ovipennis,
can therefore be substituted.

P. 262. Anthicus walkeri. According to speci-
mens received from Mr. Lea, this insect = Formi-
comus australis, King. The species is obviously an
Anthicus. It appears to be a common and widely
distributed Australian species.

P. 263. Anthicus australis. Mr. Leainforms me
that this insect certainly = A. rarus, King (= propin-
quus, Macl.), and that the species is moderately
common in Northern New South Wales and Southern
Queensland. I am indebted to Mr. Lea for a speci-
men of A. rarus.

P. 266. Micranthicus brachypterus = Anthicus
pulcher, King, according to specimens sent by Mr.
Lea for comparison. ‘The species must therefore bear
the name Micranthicus pulcher.

The following species (and probably others) named by
Mr. Lea in his second paper, were described by myself,
and his names cannot stand :—

Orchesia saltatoria, Lea = O. austrina, Champ.

Anthicus triangularis, Lea= A. excavatus, Champ., var.

o delicatulus, Lea = A. paululus, Champ.

Mordella fasciata, Lea = M. graphiptera, Champ.

se uniformis, Lea = M. pygmxa, Champ.
“b distincta, Lea = M. fulvonotata, Champ.
A setipes, Lea, isa Mordellistena, and = austrina,

Champ.

Mr. G. C. Champion on the Heteromerous Coleoptera. 449

I may also note that Mordella aterrima (Macl.), Lea, is
a Tomoxia.

In Part I. of my paper on this subject (Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., 1894, pp. 389, 390) Platynotus insularis,
Hope, is cited as being possibly synonymous with
Hypaulaz iridescens, Blackb. This surmise proves to have
been correct, as Hope’s type has now been found, and
through the kindness of Prof. Poulton I have been able
to examine it.

30TH SEPTEMBER, 1896.

y= a
vi i

—_—

XIII. On the classification of three subfamilies of Moths
of the family Pyralide : the Epipaschiine, Endo-
trichinz, and Pyraline. By Sire Guorce F.
Hampson, Bart., B.A.

[Read April 1st, 1896.]

Tae three subfamilies of Pyralidx, the Epipaschiine,
Hindotrichine, and Pyraline, of which a classification is
here attempted, all belong to the group of Pyralidx
which have the median nervure of the hindwing non-
pectinate on upperside, and vein 7 of the forewing stalked
with 8, 9.

The Hpipaschiine, which are the ancestors of the sub-
family Phycitine, are to be distinguished from the allied
subfamilies by having small tufts of raised scales on the
forewing below the cell and on the discocellulars; the
proboscis is fully developed, and vein 8 of the hindwing
is either free or anastomoses with 7, whilst a large
proportion of the species have in the male sex a more or
less developed thickly-scaled corneous process projecting
backwards from the basal joint of the antenn over the
thorax.

The Endotrichine and Pyraline have the forewing
smoothly scaled, the former has vein 8 of the hindwing
anastomosing with 7, whilst in the latter it is free.

The Endotrichine may be distinguished from the
Chrysaugine by the former having the maxillary palpi
developed, whilst in the latter, which are almost confined
to the tropical and warmer temperate parts of America,
though a few species have spread into the Australian and.
Malayan regions, the maxillary palpiare aborted. Finally
in the Pyraline, the genera that have the proboscis
aborted may be distinguished from the few Schenobitinae
that have vein 7 of the forewing stalked with 8, 9, by vein
8 of the hindwing being free.

The three subfamilies thus represent a branch of the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PrarTiv. (pec.) 31

452 Sir George I. Hampson on the

Pyralide which has become differentiated from the
primitive stock, represented by the more generalised
Pyraustine, by vein 7 of the forewing having become
stalked with 8, 9. Of the three the most generalised is
the Pyralinx, giving rise on the one hand to the Hndo-
trichine from which arose the Chrysaugine, and on the
other hand the Hpipaschiine from which have sprung
the Phycitine and Anerastiine.

An excellent revision of the Pyraline of the Paleearctic
fauna, including the other two subfamilies here dealt
with, was published by Mr. E. Meyrick in our Transac-
tions for 1890, they are, however, few in number compared
with the tropical forms; the genus Acropentias, Meyr.,
which he includes amongst them I regard as belonging
to the Schenobiine. A very valuable essay on the
classification of the Pyralinew, Endotrichine, and Chry-
sauginz was published in the Annales de la Société
Entomologique de France* by the late M. EH. M. Ragonot,
with most accurate and minute diagnoses of most of the
genera, but such a large number of species were either
unknown or very imperfectly known to him that it cannot
be regarded as more than the preliminary essay which he
himself considered it. In it he defined the Hndotrichine
as differing from the Chrysaugine in being slenderly
built insects, and includesin them some American genera
which on the definition by the maxillary palpi which I
have adopted I consider as belonging to the Chrysauginz.

In the phylogeny of the subfamilies, as given in the
family trees, the genera should rarely be considered to be
directly derived from those placed as their ancestors as at
present constituted, and much less so from any existing
species of those genera, for in the large majority of cases
they are derived from more generalised ancestral forms
which would come within or almost within the definitions
of those genera.

Species which I have examined, but which are not in the
British Museum collection, are marked with an (*), species
of which the types are in the Museum with a (+), whilst
described species of which the classification is uncertain
are placed at the end of each genus.

* Ann. Ent. Soc, Fr., 1890, pp. 435-546 ; and 1891, pp. 15-114 &
559-662, plates 5, 7, 8, & 16,

Classification of the Pyralide. A453

Ihave to thank the Hon. Walter Rothschild for the
loan of types from the Felder collection, and species
described by Mr. Warren in his collection ; Prof. Poulton,
F.R.S., for types from the Oxford University Museum ;
Mr. E. Meyrick, for the loan of Australasian types; Mr.
J. H. Leech, for the loan of Japanese and Chinese types ;
and especially Mr. H. J. Elwes, for the gift to the British
Museum of the types of all the species from the Malayan
subregion described by Mr. Meyrick in our Transactions
for 1894.

I have also to thank Mr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S., for
obtaining permission for me from the India Office to
reproduce 45 figures of moths lately published in the
fourth volume of the Moths of the Fauna of India series.

Subfamily Eprpascuiinx.

Proboscis present ; palpi almost always upturned, and in male
often with the 2nd joint hollowed out to receive the brush-like
maxillary palpi which are sometimes bilobed ; antenne of male
usually with a more or less developed flagellate thickly scaled
process from basal joints extending backwards over the thorax.
Forewing with tufts of raised scales below the cell and on dis-
cocellulars ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hindwing with the median
nervure not pectinate ; vein 8 usually free.

The larve of several species live in colonies in webs and form
social cocoons.

PHYLOGENY OF TILE EPIPASCHIIN®.

Arnatula. Tioga. | Termyoptycha.

Pococera. Seueicoiroee Cenodomus. Cecidipta.
Lepidogma, Macalla, Locastra,
atl Stericta.
Astrapometis. ae

|
Isolopha.

454 Sir George I. Hampson on the

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Palpi upturned—
a Hindwing with vein 7 anastomosing with 8.
a’ Hindwing with vein 4, 5 stalked.
a* Forewing with vein 6 trom cell.
a? Forewing with vein 10 stalked with
Togs So 9 3. Pococera.
b3 Forewing with vein 10 from the cell. 1. Arnatula.
b? Forewing with vein 6 stalked with 7 Ie

Gh) Tc 5 2 é : : seen Leona:
bl Hindwing with veins 4, 5 sporomusied for
about half their length é 4. Lepidogma.

c! Hindwing with veins 4, 5 radiating: from
_angle of cell
a? Palpi reaching well above vertex of head. 5. Jocara.
b? Palpi reaching vertex of head. A . 6. Astrapometis.
b Hindwing with vein 8 free.
a Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.
a? Forewing with vein 10 anastomosing
with ae 9. Hindwing with veins
4,5 stalked. : 7. Termioptycha.
b? Forewing with vein 10 free ; ” hindwing
with veins 4, 5 from cell :
bl Fore and hindwings with veins 4, 5 appproxi-
mated for about one-third length ;
cl Fore and hindwings with veins 4, o radiating
from anvie of cell.
a? Forewing with vein 10 free.
a® Palpi with the second joint reaching
well above vertex of head . . 13. Stericta.
b? Palpi with the second joint hardly
reaching vertex of head.
a* Forewing without antemedial
ridge of hair; antennez of
male non-pectinate.
a° Tibiw nearly smoothly sealed 14. Orthaga.
b° Tibize fringed with long hair 12. Locastra.
b4 Forewing with antemedial ridge
of hair; antenne of male

. Spectratrota.

0 w

Macalla.

pectinate 5 . 10. Cenodonus.
bv? Suge with vein 10 stalked. with 7 7,8,
9; antenne of male pectinate . . 11. Cecidipta.

B. Palpiporrect . ; : : é ; : . 15. Isolopha.

Genus ARNATULA.

Arnatula, Staud., Iris., vi., p. 78 (1893).
Parorthaga, Hmpsu., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 111
(1896).

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
well developed, maxillary palpi filiform ; frons rounded ; antennz
of male fasciculate ; tibis slightly hairy. Forewing with vein 3

Classification of the Pyralide. 455

approximated for a short distance to 4,5 which are stalked ; 6 from
upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free; male with a glandular

Arnatula melanophia, 3, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

swelling on costa beyond middle. Hindwing with vein 3 from

angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing
with 8.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with short thickly scaled
process from basal joint :—

(1). *ARNATULA CAPNOPIS, Meyr.,-Trans, Ent.

Soc., 1885, p. 439 . : ‘ : . Australia.
(2). *ARNATULA ELASSOTA, Meyr:, Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1884, p. 280 . : : : . Australia.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with no process from
basal joint :—

Type. (3). ARNATULA MELANOPHIA, Staud., Iris., v., Siberia, Ja-

pl. iii., fig. 22, & vi. p. 78 : : - pan, Bhutan,
. TParorthaga euryptera, Meyr., Trans, Ent. Ceylon, Sam-

Soe., 1894, p. 476. bawa.
(4). *ARNATULA TORNOTIS, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1887, p. 183 . F ; : - Queensland.

Genus TIOGA.

Tioga, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 115 (1888).
Tallula, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 114.
Oneida, Hulst., Ent. Am., v., p. 63 (1889).

Palpi upturned and reaching well above vertex of head ; maxil-
lary palpi filiform; antenne fasciculate; tibie slightly hairy.

456 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Forewing with vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4,5 approximated for
half their length. 6,7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with '

Tioga atrifascialis, 3, t.

vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4,5 stalked ; 6,7 stalked ; 7 anastomosing

with 8.
TIOGA ATRIFASCIALIS, Hulst., Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., xilt.,p.160 . E : ; : 2. OSS aA.
Auctorum.

Oneida lunulalis, Hulst., Ent. Am., iii., p. 130,
andv.,p.64 . ‘ ; : : Pe Oats page:
Type. Tioga aplastella, Hulst., Ent. Am.,iv., p. 113 . U.S. A.

Genus PocccerRA.

Pococera, Zell., Tris., 1848, p. 874.

Tetralopha, Zell., Iris., 1848, p. 879.

Lanthaphe, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860,

207.

Benta, Wik., xxvii., p. 112 (1863).

Auradisa, Wlk., xxxiv., p. 1504 (1865).

Hemimatia, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 347.

Phidotricha, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1883,
p- 139.

Katona, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 113 (1888).

Saluda, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 113.

Loma, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p- 114.

Wanda, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., p. 114.

Attacapa, Hulst., Ent. Am., v., p. 71 (1888).

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching just above vertex of
head, the 3rd short ; maxillary palpi filiform; antenne of male

Classification of the Pyralide. 45ST

fasciculate ; tibia smoothly scaled. Forewing with veins 7, 8, 9,
10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with the lower angle of coll

j . lite I
Pococera militella, g, 4.

produced ; veir 3 fromangle ; 4, 5stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle ;
7 anastomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Antennze of male with a more or less strongly
developed process from basal joint ; a deep furrow
in cell of forewing above.

A, Forewing with veins 4, 5 from cell.
a. (Letralopha). Forewing of male with a fringe of
large scales on basal half of costa below.
(1). PococerRa MILITELLA, Zell., Iris., 1848,
p. 880. : : : : : ot UsSs Be
(2). Pococera RoBUSTELLA, Zell., Iris., 1848,

pSSla >: . : ; : SULTS eae
deta dilueulella, Grote, N. Am.
Ent., i., p. 60.

es talleolalis, Hulst., Tr. Am. Ent,

Soc., xiii., p. 160.
(3). -PococERA SUBCANALIS, WIk., xxvii, p.56. U.S. A.
(4). PococERA ASPERATELLA, Clem., Proc. Ac. Canada,

NoSex Phil. 1862, 3 207 anpiel. 5 | USP

+ Benta expandens, W\k., xxvii., p. 112.

(5). PococERA MELANOGRAMMOS, Zell., Verh.,

Z.B. Wien, 1872, p. 546, pl. 3, fig. 24 . U.S. A.

(6). PococERA SCORTEALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Texas,
Mon., 1863, p. 347, pl. 7, fig. 12 . ; Colombia.

b. (Auradisa). Forewing of male with no fringe of
scales on costa below.

(7). | PococERA GELIDALIS, WIk., xxxiv., p. 1505 Honduras.
| Myelois subalbella, Wik., xxxv., p. 1714.

458 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Lb. (Wanda). Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(8). PococERA HUMERELLA, Rag., Ann. Ent.

em)

Soc. Fr., 1888, cli. . ; ‘ : a MUS Ac

Sect. II. (Pococera).—Antennz of male with no process

from basa! joint; forewing with no furrow ; veins
4, 5 stalked.

(9). PococeRA ATRAMENTALIS, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1863, p. 347, pl. 7, fig. 11 °. . 8S. America.
Tetralopha scabridella, Rag., Ann. Ent,
Soc. Fr., 1888, p. exxxviii.
Phidotricha erigens, Rag., Aun. Ent. Soc.
Pr, 1888, p.exxxixe
~ (10). Pococrra VARIELLA, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc.
Fr., 1888, cli . : : : : eS ae

Type. (11).*PococerRa “GIBBELLA, Zell., Iris., 1848,
p. 874". ; : A ‘ 3 = \ Brazil,»
(12). -PococERA ALBULELLA, n. &p.

Q. Head and thorax greyand fuscous ; abdomen pale ochreous
irrorated with fuscous. Forewing grey irrorated with: fuscous; a
large blackish triangular patch on costa before middle with a tuft
of black and white scales at its apex ; traces of a medial line bent
inwards to costa, the area beyond it with a rufous tinge ; a diffused
postmedial black line excurved and waved between veins 7 and 3 ;
a diffused apical black patch ; a marginal series of black specks.
Hindwing pale yellowish ; the apical area suffused with fuscous ;
cilia white with a fuscous line through them.

Hab. Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Hep. 22 mm.

(13). | PocCOCERA MELANOLEUCA, Nn. sp.

@. Head, thorax and abdomen black and white ; collar tinged
with olive. Forewing with the base black, then a white band
followed by a black-edged olive band blackish at costa ; a white
medial band with black discocellular spot and patch on costa; a
waved postmedial black line with diffused olive and black beyond
it becoming grey at margin with a white costal spot at the post-
medial line and another on outer margin below apex ; cilia inter-
sected with black. Hindwing fuscous with a black submarginal
spot on vein 2; the cilia black at base.

Hab. Columbia. Exp. 22 mm.

Classification of the Pyralide.

Auctorum.
Tetralopha insularella, Rag., Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr.,
1888, p. 138 :
insularella, Moesch]., Abh. sonck. Gen
Ai, BLD) 6
a Suscolotella, Rag., Gin: Sie. Ent. Pr
1888, p. 151
nephelotella, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., 114
bapltisiella, Fern., Ent. Am., 12 28.

= tiltella, Hulst., Ent. Am.,, 1V., er
Attacapa callipeplella, Hulst., Ent. ans iv., 114.
Tetrulopha euphemella, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv., 114.
Hemimatia rigualis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863,
p: 347, pl: 1, fig. 13 .
Preineisdalia Pag., Jahrb. Nass. ae
xxxix., 174 :
sealpellalis, Pag, Jahrb. Nae Ver,
xxxix., 173 :
3 clau: ditlit, Moesch., Abh. See ion
. xiv., 75 :
Pococeru melaunographella, Rag., Bull. Sac int.
Fr., 1888, p. 152 : : .
4: teranella, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Ry
1888, p. 152
Lanthaphe platanella, Clem., P. Re INE one. Phil.,
1862, p. 207

Genus LEPIDOGMA.

Porto Rico.

Porto Rico.

Arizona.

eciee
DA Th MM
satel oatecal eg

Venezuela.
Aru.

Aru,
Jamaica.
Ws Syeae
Wis aA.

WU Sieac

Lepidogma, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 402
Asopina, Christ., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1894, p- 06.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd _
of moderate length ; maxillary palpi minute; autennx of male

- SE
;
i

Lepidogma obatralis, g, } (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

fasciculate ; mid and hind tibiz with the outer terminal spur short.
Forewing narrow; the costa straight ; vein 3 from angle of cell ;

460 Sir George F. Hampson on the

4,5 approximated for one-third length, or stalked ; 7, 8 stalked ;
10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5

approximated for half their length 6,7 ona short stalk, 7 anas-
tomosing with 8.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with a large tuft of scales
from apex of basal joint.

A. Forewing with vein 9 given off from 8.

Type. (1). LEpmmoGMA TAMARICALIS, Mann., Verh.
Z.B. Wien, xxii., 124 A A . SS. Europe.
(2). tLEPIDOGMA RUFESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 113 (¢) . . Bhutan.
B. Forewing with vein 9 coincident with 8.

(3). LEPIDOGMA OBATRALIS, Christ., Hor.
Ent. Ross., 1876, xu., p. 264,° pl. 7,
fig. 36.
}Hypotia vafifera, Swinh., P. Z.S., 1884, Central Asia,
p- 523, pl. 48, fig 8 : ; : . N.-W. India.

Sect. II]. Antenne of male with no tuft on basal
joint; forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked, 7 from 8
after 9.

(4). JLEPIDOGMA OLIVALIS, Swinh., A. M. N. H.
(6), xvi., p. 301 :

Ulotrichodes novalis, Warr., A. M N. H.

(6); xvii.,-p. 463: << ‘ ; 2 . W. India.

W. India.

Genus JOCARA.

Jocara, Wlk., xxvii., p. 115 (1863).

Toripalpus, Grote, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix.,
265 (1877).

Titanoceros, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, p. 62.

Palpi upturned, reaching well above vertex of head and hollowed
out to receive the bifurcate brush-like maxillary palpi ; antenne
of male fasciculate with a thickly scaled basal process extending

Classification of the Pyralide. 461

to collar ; tibia nearly smooth, Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well
separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11

Jocarau breviornatalis, &, t.

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from
angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

(1). tJ ocARA BREVIORNATALIS, Grote, Proc. Bost.
Soe. N. Hi: cere 265 ; af » Us S27A8
(2). tJOCARA TRABALIS, Grote, Pap., i., 18 . OMe.
Type. (3). tJocara FRAGILIS, WIk., xxvii., 115 (¢) . St. Domingo.
(4). ¢JOCARA MONOSEMIA, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross.,
XVi- (205, pl aa fir 23). : :
(5). JOCARA CATAXANTHA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1884, p. 63. ‘ : ; . Australia.

Brazil.

Auctorum.

Toripalpus incrustalis, Hulst., Ent. Am., iii, 130. U.S. A.

Genus ASTRAPOMETIS.

Astrapometis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 67.

Palpi upturned reaching vertex of head ; maxillary palpi fili-
form ; antenne of male fasciculate with short process from basal
joint; tibiz nearly smooth. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well

A strapometis saburalis, 3, {.

separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11
free. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before the angle of cell ;
4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Type. }ASTRAPOMETIS SABURALIS, WIk., xix., 914 . Australia.

462. Sir George F, Hampson on the

Genus TERMIOPTYCHA.
Termioptycha, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1889, p. 504.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching well above vertex of head
and with a large tuft of scales on inner side at extremity, 3rd joint
well developed ; maxillary palpi filiform; antennx fasciculate
with paired tufts of scales behind them; legs with the tibiz
moderately hairy ; palagia with rough scales and hair ; pectus with
ridges of large scales; abdomen with lateral tufts at extremity.

Termioptycha cyanopa, &,+.

Forewing of male with the outer margin broadly folded over
below ; the cell roughly scaled; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;
4, 5 shortly stalked ; 6 from upper angle and curved; 7, 8, 9
stalked, and 10 slightly anastomosing with them to form an areole.
Hindwing of male very roughly scaled below and with a dense
fringe of short hair recumbent on costa ; vein 3 approximated to
4, 5, which are stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 free.
Type. *TERMIOpTYCHA CYANOPA,Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc.,
1894, p. 505. : : ; : ; - New Guinea.

Genus SPECTRATROTA,.

Spectratrota, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vii., 426 (1891).

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 3rd joint
tufted with hair; maxillary palpi filiform; antenne of male

Spectratrotu jimbrialis, g,4.

ciliated, the basal joint dilated with scales; mid and hind tibiee
with. tufts of spinous hair on outer side at base and extremity.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 463

Forewing of male with a large fovea on upper side at upper angle
of cell above vein 6 which is bent downwards ; a subbasal tuft of
hair on vein 1 ; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked in male, 3 from angle of cell
in female; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10,11 free. Hindwing of male witha
large tuft of hair at base of inner margin ; the lower angle of cell
produced ; vein 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6,7 stalked ;
8 free.

+SPECTRATROTA FIMBRIALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(Oye vile, ps 42d F whee . & ow Wea Ansiraliay

Genus MACALLA.

Macalla, Wik., xvi., 155 (1858).

Lamida, Wlk., xvi., 252.

Epipaschia, Clem., Proc. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860, p. 14.

Salma, W1k., xxvu., 107 (1863).

Allata, Wlk., xxvii., 110.

EHxacosmia, W\k., xxxii., €09 (1865).

Calinipawa, W\k., xxxiv., 1218 (1865).

Aradrapha, Wlk., xxxiv., 1257.

Mochlocera, Grote, Can. Ent., viii., 151 (1876).

Telephasa, Moore, Lep. Atk., 200 (1888).

Parasarama, Warr., A. M.N. H. (6), vi., 474 (1890).

Orthotrichophora, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vil, 429
(1891).

Pseudolocastra, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vii., p. 249.

Palpi upturned, in female the 2nd joint long and reaching

above vertex of head, the 3rd long; antennz of male ciliated ;
tibie with tufts of spinous hair near base and extremity. Fore-

Macalla derogatella, 4,% (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

wing with veins 4, 5 closely approximated for one-third length ;
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of
cell; 4, 5 closely approximated for one-third length ; 6,7 from
angle of cell or shortly stalked ; 8 free.

464 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Sect. I. (Lamida). — Male with the 2nd joint of palpi
short, the 3rd immensely dilated and curved over
vertex of head with a hollow containing the maxil-
lary palpi which are tufted with long hair; paired
tufts of hair behind antennae.

(1). MacaLta MoncusALIS, Wlk., Cat. xvi.,
Da2o2 fis : . NE India:
tAllata Peniedtata, Wik, XXVilL., 111.
tOrthagaobscura, Moore, Lep. Ate. 201.
(2). TMACALLA SYRICTHUSALIS, Wlk., xvi. N.- E. India,

165 : - Borneo.
(3). TMACALLA NUBILALIS, Hinpans IL Het,, S. India,

LOW ple li. fie. Ge : : ‘ Ceylon.
(4). *MACALLA PHIDIASALIS, W1k., xvi., 166 . Borneo.
(5). fMACALLA INIMICA, Butl., A. M. N. H.();

iv., 448 . : : ; : . Japan.
(6). +tMac he A AMICA, Butl., JAY; EMLENE He (5);

iv., 447 . , : : . Japan.
(7). tMACALLA NIGRESCENS, Wan pA ES NAGE:

(6), vil., p. 428 (9 ) A 2 ; . Japan.
(8). tMAcALLA ALBIFUSA, Hmpsn., Moths of

india; volsivspslioert . : : . N.-E. India.

Sect. II. Palpi of male with the 2nd joint hollowed out
to receive the brush-like maxillary palpi.
A, Antennz of male with a short process from basal
joint.

a. Forewing of male with a very large glandular
swelling on costa beyond middle, the wing mem-
brane and neuration much distorted.

(9). MACALLA SAGARISALIS, Wlk., xvi, 160 . Borneo.
b. Forewing of male with small glandular swelling on

costa.
(10). fMACALLA RECURVALIS, WIk., xxvii., 107
(C2) ye P Australia.

+Exacosmia rubiginosa, “Wik, Xxxii., 609.
7 Crambus melanospilellus, Wik. Sev LOO:
Balanotis crypsaula, Meyr., Thence Ent.
Soc., 1887, p. 191.
(11). -MAcALLA MARMOREA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil., p. 432 : : ‘ . Tasmania.
HON MACALLA cHoLica, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
y

Soc., 1884, p.66(9) . “ F . Australia.

Classification of the Pyralide. 4.65

B. (Macalla). Antenne of male with a long process
from basal joint extending to end of thorax ; fore-
wing with no costal swelling.

Type. (13). (MACALLA THYRSISALIS, WIk., xvi., 156
+Aradrapha mixtalis, Wilk., xxxiv., 1257.

- Honduras.

(14). #{MACALLA HYPOXANTHA, Nn. sp.

¢. Head and thorax black with a few ochreous scales ; abdomen
wholly black. Forewing fuscous, the areas below basal part of
median nervures, at apex and outer angle tinged with rufous ;
an indistinct obliquely sinuous antemedial black line; large tufts
of black scales in end of cell and on discocellulars ; a minutely
dentate black postmedial line, oblique and defined by grey from
costa to vein 4 where it is strongly angled, angled inwards below
vein 2. Hindwing ochreous suffused with fuscous especially on
outer half ; brownish ochreous below, the costa suffused with black.

Hab. Sikhim, 1800’ (Dudgeon). Hwvp. 26 mm.

Sect. II. (Zelephasa)—Male with the maxillary palpi
filiform; the 2nd joint of palpi short, the 3rd
upturned straight, reaching far above vertex of
head and thickly clothed in front with down-
wardly directed hair; antennz fasciculate with a
short process from basal joint.

(15). MAcALLA DEROGATELLA, WIk., xxvii., 30 N.-W. and E.
+ Telephasa orbiculifera, Moore, Lep. Atk., Himalayas,
p. 201. Borneo.
tTelephasa nubilosa, Moore, Lep. Atk,
p. 201.

Sect. III. Palpi of male with a fringe of hair on Ist
joint above so that the palpi are thrown forward ;
the 2nd joint long with fringe of downcurved
hair longest towards extremity ; 3rd joint minute
and porrect; basal joint of antennze long without
process, the shaft set on at an angle.

(16). +Macata scopiruyNcHA, Hmpsn., Moths
Ind.,iv.,p.114 . : . . . Sikhim.

Sect. IV. Male with the palpi similar to female.

A, (Epipaschia). Antenne of male with a process from
basal joint recurved over thorax and fringed with
long hair and scales below.

466 Sir George F. Hampson on the

a. Male with the antennal process long.

(17). MacaLLA SsUPERATALIS, Clem., Pr. Ac.
N.S. Phil., 1860, p. 14 .
+Pyralis Meera. WI1k., xxxiv., 1226.
+Pyralis costiferalis, W1k., xxxv., 1977.
t+Deuterolyta borealis, Grote! Bull. Buff, i.,
pit.
Tetralopha olivalis, Hulst., Tr. Am, Ent.
Soc., xiil., p. 160.
(18). +tMAacaLLa ZELLERI, Grote, Can. ee
p. 157
(19). MAacaALLa VALIDALIS, “Wik. XLV, 1218 .
+Scopocera minor, Moore, es Atk., p. 203.
Peucela fumosalis, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), xvii., p. 461.
(20). tMacaLia PAPUENSIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), vil, p. 431 (9)

b. The antennal process of male short.

(21), tMacaLia FUNEREA, WIk., xxvii., 31.
(22). MacaLLa pyrasTIs, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1887, p. 190 .

WeaiSey
N.-E. India,
Borneo.

New Guinea.

Australia.

Australia.

B. Antenne of male with no process from basal

joint.

a. (Parasarama). Forewing of male with no glandu-
lar swelling on costa, and tuft of scales in cell

below.

a, Hindwing of male not clothed with silky scales,

and with no tuft of hair on inner area.

(23). MACALLA DIMIDIALIS, Snell., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1890, p. 568 : ,
(24). *M:z ACALLA PICTA, Warr, pA. MN. dii(6);
, p. 461
25). +MAc ACALLA PARYULA, hse Motte of
India, vol. iv., p. 115
(26). tMACALLA EXRUFESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths
of India, vol. iv., p. 116.
(27). +MAcALLA MARGARITA, Butl., Hl. Heb,
iii., p. 66, pl. 57, fig. 4 . ‘ : :
Locastra lativitta, Moore, Lep. Atk.,
p. 1994plid, ae. 1

Sikhim.
Queensland,
Bhuj, Cutch.
Sikhim.
Japan, N.-E.

India, Nilgiris,
Borneo.

Classification of the Pyralidx. 467

Parasarama conjuncta,Warr., A. M.N. H.
(6), xvil, p. 454

Parasarama rufitinctalis, Warr., A. M.
N. H. (6), xvil., p. 455.

(28). MAcALLA PHILIASALIS, WIk., xxvii., 104. Borneo.
(29). tMACcALLA CUPROVIRIDALIS, Moore, P. Z.5.,
1867, past ss 3 : * : . Sikhim.

bl. Hindwing of male clothed with thick silky scales
on both upper and undersides except the costal
area; a large tuft of hair contained in a fold on
inner margin.
(30). MAcALLA TEGULALIS, Wik., xxvii, 105 . Borneo.

b. (Mimaglossa). Forewing of male with a glandular
swelling at middle of costa.
al. Forewing of male with a tuft of scales in cell
below.
(31). tMacaLLaA NAUPLIALIS, WIk., xvii., 272 . Australia.
+Pyralis porphyralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1243
(32). MacaLLa HABITALIS, Guen., Delt. and
Pyr:. p: bzax(2). «. : - : . Tasmania.
Pyralis cereinalis, Wik., Trans. Ent. Soc.
(3), i, p. 121.
+Mimaglossa revulsa, Warr., A. M. N. 13 i
(6), vii, p. 428.

bl. Forewing of male with no tuft of scales in cell

below.
(33). *MACALLA MNESIBRYA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1884, p. 71. ‘ : : . Australia.

Auctorum.

Epipaschia interruptella, Rag., Bull. Soc.
Ent. Fr. (6), viil., p. 150 ; ; i US as

Genus C@nopomus.

Cenodomus, Wlsm., Tr. Linn. Soc., 1889, p. 49.
Alippa, Aurivilius, Ent. Tids., 1894, p. 176.

Palpi upturned, thickly scaled and hardly reaching vertex of:
head, the 2nd joint in male hollowed out to receive the brush-like.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—rarT Iv. (DEC.) 32

Type

468 Sir George F. Hampson on the

maxillary palpi ; antenne of male bipectinated to two-thirds length
with long branches decreasing distally and with a process fringed
with hair from basal joint ; tibiz and tarsal joints fringed with
hair. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell;

y

Cenodomus hockingii, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

6 from upper angle; 7, 8,9 stalked; 10, 11 free; a large ante-
medial ridge of long hair from below the cell to inner margin, and
a tuft at upper angle. Hindwing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to
angle of cell; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 free; tufts of long hair
near lower angle of cell.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with the process from basal
joint short.

(1). tCa@Nopomus HOCKINGII, Wlsm., Trans. N.-W. and E.
Linn. Soc. Zool., v., 1889, p. 49, pl. 5 Himalayas,
Alippa anomala, Aurivilius, Ent. Tids., Bengal,
1894, p. 176. Java.
(2). tCaNODOMUS ROTUNDINIDUS, Hmpsn., Il.
Het., viii., p. 127, pl. 154} fig. 16 - . Nilgiris.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with the process from basal

joint reaching to end of metathorax.

(3). tC@NODOMUS DUDGEONI, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol. iv.,p.118 . F : - Bhutan.

Genus CECIDIPTA.

Cecidipta, Berg., Stett. Ent. Zeit., xxxix., p. 230
(1878). :

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head ; maxillary palpi
filiform ; antennz of male with short fasciculate branches, a tuft

Classification of the Pyralide. 469

of hair on basal joint ; tibie thickly friaged with hair. Forewing
with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9,

fo ess ‘
Cecidipta excecaria, g, 4.

10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of
cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 free.

Type. CECIDIPTA EXCHCARIA, Berg., Stett. Ent. Zeit.,

MERE Pa Zzo0vho. 2 a ° . Argentina.

Genus LocastTRA.

Locastra, Wik., xvi., 158 (1858).
Homura, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 339.
Taurica, Wlk., xxxiv., 1268 (1865).

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head ; maxillary palpi
dilated with scales ; antenne of male minutely serrate and fasci-
culate ; tibiz fringed with long hair. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5

Locastra crassipennis, 3g, (from Moths Ind., vol: iv.).

from angle of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked.
Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;
6, 7 from upper angle, 7 often connected with 8 by a bar.

Sect. I. Forewing of male with a glandular swelling
on costa at two-thirds from base ; hind tarsi fringed
with hair.

\

470 Sir George F. Hampson on the

A. (Locastra). Male with the process on basal joint. of
antennee large ; mid tibize extremely thickly clothed
with rough curved scales to near extremity.
Hindwing with the inner area clothed with long
hair.

Type. (1). +LocasTRA CRASSIPENNIS, WIik.,’xi., 558 . Assam,
Locastra maimonalis, Wlk., xvi., 159. Borneo.

B. (Taurica). Male with the process on basal joint of
antennz smaller ; mid tibize clothed with long hair

but without thick curved scales.
(2). tLocasTRA MUSCOSALIS, Wlk., xxxiv., 1269 China, N.-E.
tTaurica sikhima, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. India, Cey-
202, lon, Burma.
tLocastra cristalis, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix..
Pato pl. ivZ, figs:

Sect. II. (Homura). — Forewing of male with no
glandular swelling on costa; mid and hind tarsi

not fringed w:th hair.

A. Antenne of male with long process from basal joint ;
hind with the inner area slightly hairy.

(3). Locasrra NocTURNALIS, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1863, p. 340, pl. 7, fig. 7 ‘ . Brazil.
tHomura trisulcata, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),
Vii., p. 434,

B, Antenne of male with no process from basal joint ;
forewing with patch of thick brown scales below
cell on underside. Hindwing broad with patch of
brown scales above in cell; claspers very large
with paired genital tufts.

(4). fLOCASTRA PACHYLEPIDALIS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 119. Bhutan.

Genus STERICTA.

Stericta, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., vii., p. 340 (1863).
Glossina, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 124 (1854) preoce.
Deuterolyta, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., vu., p. 398.
Pseudocera, Wik., xxvii., 116 (1863).

Classification of the Pyralide. 471

Canipsa, W\k., xxxiv., 1217 (1865).

Matalia, Wik., xxxv., 1727 (1866),

Phialia, Wik., xxxv., 1736.

Guoteelit, Grote, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix., 264
(1877).

(raneophora, Christ., Bull. Mosc., 1881, lvi. (1),
ee
P Leptosphetta, Butl., Trans. Knut. Soc., 1878, p. 67.

Pycnulia, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross., xvi., a8 187 (1833).

Sarama, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 203 (18 88).

Winona, Hulst., Ent. Am., iv. 113 (1887).

Belenopholis, ButL, Nl. Het., vii., p. 89 (1890).

Reselioides, Were ACM. N. H. (6), vii, p. 435.

Trichotophysa, Warr., AEM AN. HL: (6), Xvii., p. 457
(1896).

Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching
above vertex of head, the 3rd long; tibiw slightly fringed with
hair, hind tibie with a terminal tuft on outer side, Forewing

Stericta haraldusalis, ¢,+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4,5 from angle ; 6 from or
from above upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing
with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4,5 from angle; 6,7 on a
short stalk: 8 free.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with a process on_ basal
joint recurved over thorax and fringed with long
scales.

A. Palpi of male with the 2nd joint hollowed out to
receive the brush-like maxillary palpi.

a. Forewing of male with no glandular swelling on
costa, and tuft of scales in cell below.

a’, Antenne of male ciliated..

472 Sir George F. Hampson on the

a®, (Stericta). Forewing with slight tufts of scales
below and beyond cell.

Type. (1). Srerrcra piviTacis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., N.-E. India,
p: 124, pl. 7, fig: 4 . : : Ceylon,
+Locastria pher quate WiIk., xvi., 159. Borneo.

(2). #SPERICTA EVANESCENS, Butl., A. M. N. H.
();me, p.110.C2):. : ‘ : . Solomon Isls.

(3). ¢STERICTA RUFESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol. iv.,p.120 . : : . Bhutan.

(4). STERICTA ASOPIALIS, Snell., Trans. Hat.
Soc., 1890, p. 568 . : : : . E.Himalayas.

(5). STERICTA CosPICUALIS, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1863, p. 359, pl. 7, figs. 16,17 . Amazons,
Deuterolyta cristalis, Feld., Reis. Nov.,
pl. 136, fig. 17.

(6). {STERICTA EXTENSA, WIK., xxvii, 61 . . Guiana,Brazil
Homura granitalis, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. 136,
fig. 15.
Hemimatia cacalis, Feld., Reis, Nov., pl. 136,
fig. 16.
+Deuterolyta variegata, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), vil. p. 433.

b°. (Craneophora). Forewing with ridge of long
hair beyond the cell and another below it.
Hindwing with ridges beyond cell and on inner

area.

(7). STERICTA* HARALDUSALIS, WIk., xvi., 160 Siberia,
Craneophora ficki, Christ., Bull. Mose., Japan, Hima-
1881, lvi. (1), p. 2. layas, Burma,
Scopocera variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk., Borneo.
p. 203, pl. 7, fig. 4.
+Belenopholis striata., Butl., Il. Het., vii.,
p. 90, pl. 134, fig. 3.

bl, Antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate ;
palpi with slight tuft of hair at extremity of

2Zud joint.

Classification of the Pyralide. 473

a*. (Sarama). Forewing with two large tufts of scales
below the cell, large tufts in and beyond the end,
a ridge below vein 2, and small tufts in the inter-
spaces between veins 2 and 5,

(8). $STERICTA ATKINSONI, Moore, Lep. Atk.,
pu 20t : 2 : : : . Sikhim.

b?. Forewing with slight tufts of scales below the
cell.

(9). #STERICTA BASIOCHRIALIS, Grote, Proc. Bost.

soc, NH. xix: 264 ©. : : ~. “Ua SEAS
(10). ¢STERICTA DISSIMILIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), vil., p- 435.(9 ) : : : . Brazil.

1 (Canipsa). Antennze of male thickened and flat-
Genes forewing with ridges of long hair beyond
the cell below veins 2 and 6, and a shorter ridge
above vein 6. Hindwing with ridges below vein 6
and between lower angle of cell and anal angle.

(11). ¢Srericra PYRALIATA, Moore, Lep. Atk,

p. 202; . : : ‘ : ; . Sikhim.
(12). Srericra stnuosa, Moore, Lep. Atk.,
p. 203, pl. 7, tig: 3 : ‘ : . E.Himalayas.

(13). STERICTA SUSPENSALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1217 Borneo.
(14). STeERICTA AGLOssALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H. N.-W. Hima-
(6), xvil., p. 456. : : : . layas,Assam.

b. (Phialia). Forewing of male with a glandular swell-
ing at middle of custa and a ridge of large scales
in cell below.

(15).. FSTERICTA COSTIGERALIS, WIk., Tr. Ent. Australia,
Soe. (Sy) a. pr 121. : : Tasmania.
Phialia gelechiella, W\k., xxxv., “1736.
(16). *STeRicTA DEMOTIS, Meyr., ee Ent. Soc.,
188%, ps 187.C9) ; : 3 . Australia.
(17). STERICTA CONCISELLA, WIk., xxxv., 1728. Queensland,
Stericta rubroviridis, Warr., A. M. N. H. W. Austra-
(6), xvi., p. 463. lia.
(18), Srericra prasina, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),
XVi., p.46269) . F ‘ : . Queensland.

474 Sir George F. Hampson on the

B. (Pseudocera). Maxillary palpi of male filiform.

(19): Meet INCONCISA, WIk., xxvii., 116 .~ Borneo.
(20), *STERICTA DAPHA, Druce, Biol. Gente Am.
Het., ii, p. 198, pl. 60, fig. 3 : . Centr. Am.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with no process from basal
joint.
A. (Leptosphetta). Palpi of male hollowed out to receive
the brush-like maxillary palpi.

a. Hind legs of male not tufted.

(21), *SrericTA MIANALIS, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl.
136;fie- 18 ~~. ‘ é . ; . Brazil.

b. Hind tibize and Ist tarsal joints of male with large
tufts of scales and hair; large patches of andro-
conia near lower angle of cell of both wings
below.

(22). Srericra scoprres, Feld., Reis. Nov., pl.
136, fig. 39. : : . Brazil.
+ Leptosphetta rahainel Butl., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1878, p. 67.
tPycnulia ministra, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross.,
vi., p. 187, pl. 11, fig. 15.
(23). +Srericra aABRUPTA, Zell., Hor. Ent. Ross., Colombia,
_xvi., p. 189, pl. 11, fig. 16 5 : : Brazil.

B. Maxillary palpi filiform.
a, Forewing of male with no fovea beyond cell.

(24), +STERICTA CARNEOTINCTA, Hmpsn., Moths Sikhim, Pulo
of India, vol. iv., p. 123. ; : P Laut.
\. $STERICTA MIXTALIS, W1k., xxvii., 104 (9) Borneo.
6). *STERICTA PLUMBEFLOCCALIS, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol. iv., p.123 . Burma.

b. (Trichotophysa). Forewing of male with a large
fovea on underside below the discocellulars covered
with hair, and with vein 6 bent round it.

27). {STERICTA JUCUNDALIs, WIk., xxxiv., 1164; N.-E India,
Hmpsn., Ill. Het. ix., p. 172, fig. 7 . : Ceylon.
Trichotophysa olivalis, Warr.,A. M. N. H.
(6:, xvii, p. 457.

Cr

Classification of the Pyralide. 47

Auctorum.

Stericta wruginosa, Lucas, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.,
Wille ps loo.” %s : E - P . Queensland.

Genus OrrHaAGa.

Orthaga, Wlk., xvi., 191 (1858).

Edeta, W\k,, xvi., 198.

Catamola, Meyr., Trans. Knt. Soc., 1884, p. 63.

Balanotis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 69.

Pannucha, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 199 (1887).

Proboscidophora, Warr., A. M. N.H. (6), vii., p. 429
(1891).

Hyperbalanotis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), vii., 433.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head and roughly scaled ;
antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate ; tibie nearly
smoothly scaled. Forewing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ;

Orthaga basalis, g,+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

4, 5 from angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Nindwing with vein 3 from
near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angie or shortly
stalked.

Sect. I. Antenne of male with a thickly scaled pro-
cess from basal joint, reaching to collar.

A, (Catamola). Male with the 2nd joint of palpi hollowed
out to receive the brush-like maxillary palpi; a
furrow on underside beyond upper angle of cell
above vein 6.

(1). fORTHAGA THYRISALIS, WIk., xvi., 167 . Australia.
Pyralis nigricalis, W\k., Trans. Ent. Soc.
(3), 1, ps 120:

476 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(2). *“ORTHAGA ATRIBASALIS, Warr., A, M. N. H.

(G)}scva.s spe 4O GON) ae : : - Queensland.
(3). TORTHAGA XANTHOMELALIS, Wlk., xxvili.,

alse Oy & : : : 5 é - Australia.

B. (Pannucha). Male with the maxillary palpi filiform.

a. Male with a glandular swelling on costa at two-
thirds from base, veins 10 and 11 bent round it,
and vein 6 bent down to near 5.

(4). TORTHAGA AZNESCENS, Moore, Lep. Atk.,
pZ00rs x ; : . N.-E. India.
Pannucha vicinalis, Snell aTifaie! ‘Ent, Soc.,
1890, p. 567, pl. 20, figs. 2, 2a.
(5). ORTHAGA BASALIS, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 200,
pine : : : . . N.-E. India.
(6). fORTHAGA OLIVACEA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil. p. 433 : : . Japan.
(7).. FORTHAGA ACHATINA, Butl., Ill. Het, i p.
56, pl. 38, fig. 10. : ‘ . Japan.
(8). fORTHAGA VITIALIS, W1k., xix., 897 . . Ceylon, Aus-
+ Pyralis helv jalis TW lees 015, tralia.

+ Pyralis altusalis, W1k., xix., 1022.

b. Male with no glandular swelling on costa of fore-
wing ; vein 6 straight.

(9). *ORTHAGA EURYZONA, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol. iv., p. 128 : : 4 . Burma.
(10). ORTHAGA SEMINIVEA, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(G)Sacvasp: 463 (93) Oe: : “ - Queensland.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with no process from basal
joint.

A. (Orthaga). Palpi of male with the 3rd joint short ;,
forewing with a glandular swelling on costa at two-
thirds from base ; vein 6 bent down to near 5.

a. Maxillary palpi filiform.

Type. (11). fORTHAGA EUADRUSALIS, WIk., xvi., 191, India, Cey-
Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, fig. 2. lon, Borneo,
Orthaga acontialis, W1k., xxvii., 103.

Classification of the Pyralide. 477

(12). FORTHAGA MOLLERI, Hmpsn., Moths of
Imdia., vol. iv.,p. 126 . : 3 . Sikhim.
(13). OrrHaca RUpIS, W1k., Trans. Ent. Soe. (3),
ip. L569) ; ;
(14). fORTHAGA EXVINACEA, Hmpsun., Ill. Het.,
Vill alain plolot, fig, 9 (9) . . Nilgiris.
(15). fORPHAGA ROSEIPLAGA, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol. iv., p.124 : : . Bombay.
(16). fORTHAGA AUROVIRIDALIS, Hmpsn., Moths N.-E. and 8.
of India, vol. iv., p. 126 . : ; . India.

Nilgiris.

(17). fORTHAGA IRRORATA, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,ix.,
pe 156,pla Wiz the INGOs) s ; . Ceylon.
(18). OrrHaca HERCOPHORA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
sec, 1884, p: 281 (2)... : : - Australia,
(19). fORTHAGA DIDYMALIS, WIk., xvii. 283. Australia.
Balanotis arctandalis, Lucas, P. Li. Soc.
N.S. W..(2), 1v..,.p. 1098.

b. Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled against the
frons ; forewing with the glandular swelling very
large ; an elongate fovea in cell containing a series
of verticle laminate plates.

(20). ORTHAGA ICARUSALIS, WIk., xvi., 199 . Borneo.

c. Palpi of male hollowed out to receive the brush-
ike maxillary palpi.

(21. FORTHAGA oNERATA, Butl., A. M.N.H. (5), Japan, N.-E.
iv., p. 447 , : : ‘ : . India,Borneo,

B. (Proboscidophora). Palpi of male with the 3rd joint
extremely long and porrect ; forewing with a fan
of large scales in cell below.

(22). ORTHAGA TRITONALIS ,WIk., xix., 906 - Borneo.

+ Orthaga rotundalis, Wik., xxvii., 106.

Auctorum.

Balanotis. hercophora, Meyr., Tr. Ent. Scc.,
1884, p. 281 . : : : : . Australia.
Balanotis ferruginea, Lucas, P. Linn. Soc.
N.S. W.., Vill.,p.106, 7- tomas - Queensland.

478 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus IsoLopHa.

Isolopha. Hmpsn., A. M. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 346 (1895).

Palpi porrect, extending about twice the length of head, the 2nd
joint fringed with hair above, the 3rd well developed ; maxillary
palpi filiform; antennze of female almost single ; tibie nearly

Isolopha lactealis, 9, +.

smooth. Forewing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10,11 free. Hind-
wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for a
short distance; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 free.

Type. };IsoLOPHA LACTEALIS, Hmpsn.,, A. M. N. H.
(6), xvi., p. 347 (2) ; : 2 «1, W.lndies,

Genera Auctorum.

Yuma adulatalis, WHulst., Ent. Am., iii.,
p. 129; and v., p. 65 3 : ‘ 2) US, AG

Subfamily EnpotricHin.

Proboscis well developed; maxillary palpi present; build
slender. Forewing with vein 7 stalked with 8, 9 (7 absent in
Hendecasis). Hindwing with the median nervure non-pectinate ;
vein 7 anastomosing with 8.

‘479

Classification of the Pyralide.

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480

KEY TO THE GENERA,

A. Palpi upturned.
a Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 stalked.
al Forewing with vein 2 absent .
b! Forewing with vein 2 present .
b Forewing with vein 3 from cell.
a! Palpi reaching well above vertex of head.
a* Forewing with the outer margin angled at
vein 4, 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9 3
b? Forewing with the outer margin evenly
curved, 10 free :
b! Palpi not reaching vertex of head.
a? Both wings with veins 4, 5 stalked or
closely approximated for some distance
b? Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked, hind-
wings with 4, 5 radiating from angle ;
the costa of forewing excised at middle
c? Both wings with veins 4, 5 well separated
towards origin « - : :
B. Palpi porrect.
@ Palpi straight.
a Palpi extending about the length of bead.
a” Palpi fringed with long hair below . 3
b? Palpi triangularly scaled : : .
b! Palpi oEaens twice to three times length of
ead.
a? Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled.
a’ Forewing with vein 7 absent.
a+ Hindwing with vein 5 present; fore-

wing with 8,9, 10 stalked . 5 lsh.

b4 Hindwing with vein 5 absent; fore-
wing with 10 from cell E ‘ 2 12:
b3 Forewing with vein 7 stalked with 8 9,10 15.

c? Forewing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked,
10 from cell
v2? Maxillary palpi with a pointed tuft nearly
as long as the labial palpi. E
b Palpi rostriform and downcurved.
a! Palpi extending about the length of head;
veins 4, 5 of both wings stalked .
bl Palpi extending about twice the length of
head.
a? Both wings with veins 4, 5 from cell.
a3 Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled; fore-
wing with the subcostal and median
nervures approximated S : :
b3 Maxillary palpi filiform ; forewing with
the subcostal and median nervures not
approximated . .. > Z :
b2 Forewing with veins 4, 5 from cell; hind-
wings with veins 4, 5stalked .
c? Both wings with veins 4, 4 stalked.
a® Forewing with vein7 present ; maxillary
palpi dilated with scales
b3 Forewing with vein 7 absent ;
palpi filiform - c 3 5
cl Palpi extending about four times length of
head and hollowed ont to receive the
brush-like maxillary palpi . : 5
C. Palpi with the 2nd joint porrect and thickly scaled,
the 8rd obliquely upturned, naked and
set on before the apexof 2nd . .

maxillary

Sir George F. Hampson on the

Ont

. Petta.
. Cangetta.

. Rodaba.

. Gauna.

. Endotricha.
. Scenedra.

. Persicoptera.

1. Enogenes.

22. Cotachena.

16

z ll.

. 18.

19:

20

al.

Hendecasis.

Ischnoscopa.
Burathema.

. Myrmidonistis.

Trichophysetis.

Rostripalpus.

Syntonarcha.

Centropseustis.

9. Cataprosopus.

14. Pleonectoides.

-

17. Parachmidia.

10.

8.

Trieropise

Diplopseustis.

Classification of the Pyralide. 481

Genus Ropasa.
Rodtaba, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205 (1888).

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching far above
vertex of head and fringed with hair on both sides, the 3rd acute ;
maxillary palpi minute and filiform ; antenne nearly simple ; tibie
with the spurs long. Forewing with the costa nearly straight ;

Rodaba angulipennis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

the apex falcate ; the outer margin excised from apex to vein 4
where it is angled, then excised to outer angle; vein 3 from close
to angle of cell ; 4,5 from angle ; 7, 8, 9,10 stalked. Hindwing
with the apex somewhat produced ; vein 3 from near angle of cell ;
4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. }RopDABA ANGULIPENNIS, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205 . Sikhim.

Genus ENDOTRICHA.

Endotricha, Zell., Iris., 1847, p. 593.

Doththa, W1k., xvii., 285 (1859).

Messatis, W\k., xix., 918 (1859).

Pacoria, Wik., xxxiv., 1255 (1865).

Zania, Wlk., xxxiv., 1256.

Tricomia, W\k., xxxiv., 1259.

Rhisina, Wlk., xxxiv., 1324.

Endotrichodes, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1890, p. 521.

Endotrichopsis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 467
1895).
Perisseretma, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 468.

_, Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint hardly reaching vertex of head
and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi minute and filiform ; antennz
of male ciliated, the basal joint somewhat dilated ; patagia of male
with long tufts of hair extending far beyond metathorax; abdomen
with thick lateral anal tufts; legs long, slender and smoothly

482 Sir George F. Hampson on the

sealed. Forewing usually long and narrow; the costa arched
towards apex, which is acute; vein 3 from before angle of cell;

Endotricha mesenterialis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

4, 5 approximated towards origin or stalked ; 10,11 free, Hind-
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated
towards origin or stalked ; 6, 7 shortly stalked.

Sect. I. (Zania).—Male with the forewing very broad, the
inner margin expanded and lobed, the outer margin
erect. Hindwing very broad with a fold running
from the base through the cell to outer margin, the
inner area expanded and lobed.

A. Forewing of male with large tuft of long hair from
base of inner margin, the lobe greatly developed
and roughly scaled, the costa arched upwards
towards apex.

(1). *ENDOTRICHA DISPERGENS, Lucas, P. L. Soe.

N.S. W. (2), vi., p. 306 . ‘ : . Queensland.

B. Forewing of male with no tuft of hair; the lobe
rounded and smoothly scaled; the costa evenly
arched.

(2). -ENDOTRICHA THEONALIS, W1k., xix., 900 . China.
+Pyralis thermusalis, W1k., xix., 912.

+ Zania unicalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1257.
(3). TENDoTRICHA DECESsaLIs, W1k., xvil., 390; Ceylon,
and xxxiv., p. 1234. Hmpsn., Ill. Het., Burma,
ix ee, te: aL Lae : 5 : : Sambawa.

Sect. II. Male with the wings normal.

A, (Perisseretma). Maxillary palpi of male porrect,
twice as long as the labial, curved and meeting at
apex; fringed with long scales on inner side
towards extremity.

(4). *ENDOTRICHA ENDOTRICHALIS, Warr., A.M. N.-W. Hima-
N. H.(6);xvi., p. 468) ‘ ; ; layas.

Classification of the Pyrahd2. 483

DB. Maxillary palpi normal.

a. (Endotrichopsis). Palpi of male with the 3rd joint
long, recurved over head and with tuft of scales at
end of 2nd joint ; antenna of male with scale tooth
on basal joint.

(5). FENDOTRICHA PORTIALIS, W1k., xvii., 391 . Japan, Bor-
Doththa wacusalis, W1k., xix., 921. neo, Java.
Endotricha acrobasalis, Snell., Tijd. v.

Ent... xxxvi, p. 155, pl. x., fig. 1.
adatielapnil rhodopteralis, Warr., A. M.
N. H. (6), xvi., p. 467.

b. (Endotricha). Palpi of male normal.

a', Antenne of male with tooth on basal joint.

(6). TENDOTRICHA MESENTERIALIS, WI1k., xvii, Formosa, In-

285 ; and xix., p. 920. Moore, Lep. dia, Ceylon,
Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, fig. 8. Surma,

+ Endotricha suffusalis, Wik., xvil., 390. Java.

a “A Jlavifimbrialis, Warr., A. M,
N. H. (6), vili., p. 69.

+ Endotricha eoidalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,
XXXviii., p. 10, pl. v., figs. 2 and 3.

’ >’, Antenne of male normal.

(7). ENborricuA FLAMMEALIS, Schiff. —. iJurope.
(8). ENporricHa Ppykosatts, Guen., Delt. and j
Pyr.; peel. ; Australia.
Endotricha ignealis, Guen., “Delt. ial Pyr.,
p. 220.

+ Messatis sabirusalis, W1k., xix., 918.
+Paconia albifimbrialis, W1k., xxxiv., 1255.
+ Tricomia auroralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1259.

+ Rhodaria robina, Butl., A. M.N. H. (5), x.,

p. 26.
(9). TENDOTRICHA ALBICILIA, Hmpsn., HI. Het., “ikhim, §.In-
vili., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 22 . 5 dia, Ceylon.

(10). FENDOTRICHA DOCILISALIS, W1k., xix., 913 Australia,
Endotricha ethopa, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1884, p. 79.
(11). ENDOTRICHA STILBEALIS, WIk., xix., 913 Australia.
Endotricha heliopa, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1884, p. 78.
TRANS, ENT, SOC. LOND. 1896.—parT iv. (DEv.)

(9)
i)

484 Sir G
(12). -ENporRIcHA oBscURA, Butl., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1886, p. 427

(13). ENbDOTRICHA SONDAICALIS, Snell.,

vy. Ent., xxiil., p. 200 ; and xxvi,, pl. 6,
fig. 6 . : : :

t Doththa inital, Moore, Lep. Atk., p.
206.

(14). ENporricua cosrTm@MACULALIS, Christ.,
Bull. Mosc., 1881, 1., p. 4
Endotricha fuscobasalis, Rag.,

Fr., 1890, p. 526.

Ann. Soc.

(15). fENpDoTRICHA FUSCIFUSALIS, 1mpsn.,Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 134
“ENDOTRICHA SERRATILIS,
Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 570 :
(17). apa poniines RUMINALIS, WIK., xvii, 387
Puralis ibycusalis, W1k., xix., 899
tEndotricha symphonialis, Hmpsn.,
Het., ix., p. 161, pl. 171, fig. 17.
(18). fENDorRIcHA LoRIcATA, Moore,
Atk., p. 206 :
+Pyralis ustalis, Hmpsn.,
p. 159, pl. 172, fig. 26.
(19). fENpDoTRICHA ARDENTALIS, Hmpsn., Moths
of India, vol. iv., p. 135
(20). PENDOTRICHA CONSOCIA,

(16). Snell., Trans.
Til.
Lep.

Ms Het, ix

NE. 2879, i1., p2452
(21). HONDomEn HA ICELUSALIS, W1k. aie 900
Rhodaria flavofascialis, Brom: Lep. E.

Sib., p. 65, pl. 6, fig. 1.
+Pyralis rosealis, W\k., xxxiv., 1236.

(22). FENDOTRICHA FLAVIFUSALIS, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), viil., p. 70 : :
ENDOTRICHA PERSICOPA, Meyr., Trans.

: Ent. Soc., 1889, p. 506 : :
(23). FENDOTRICHA RUFOFIMBRIALIS, Warr.,

A. M..N. H. (6), viii., p.69
(24). TENDOTRICHA LUTEOGRISALIS,
Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 136

(25). FENDOTRICHA PLINTHOPA, Meyr., Trans.
Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 214 : ‘
(26). *ENporricHa compsopa, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1887, p.195 .

szeorge F. Hampson on the

Butl., A. M.

Hmpsn.,

- Australia.
Tijd. N.-W. Hima-

layas, Sik-
him, Celebes.

Siberia, Japan,

Himalayas.

N.-W. Hima-
layas.

Sikhim.

N.-E. India,
Ceylon,
Burma.

Bengal, Cey-

lon.

Bhutan.

Japan.
Japan, China.

Borneo.
Borneo, New
Guinea.
Bhutan, Bor-

neo,

Bhutan.
Samoa.

Australia.

Classification of the Pyralide. 485

(27). -ENDOTRICHA DUPLICILINEA, Hmpsn., Il.

Petr. p. 159) plo lv: fie, 2h =. . Ceylon.
(28). FENDOTRICHA oRTUHOTIS, Meyr., Trans.

Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 476 . : : - Sambawa.
(29). tENDOTRICHA PUNCTICOSTALIS, WIk.,

Xxxive, 1524" : : ‘ . Australia.

Batons ustalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,
xxill., p. 201; and 1883, plG, fig. 7

(30). tENDOTRICHA LISTERI, Butl., P. Z.S., 1888,
p. 546. c ‘ : j ; . Christmas Is.

(31). *ENDOTRICHA RUFOTERMINALIS, Christ.,
Bull. Mosce., lvi., p. 34. : . Amur, Assam.
Cangetta penuate Warr., A. M.N. H. (6),
Xvil, p. 464.
(32). ENDOTRICHA PYGMALIS, Warr., A. M.
N. H. (6), xvii., p. 204 . : : . Assam.

(33). *ENDOTRICHA DRANCESALIS, W1k., xix., 961 Borneo.

Auctorum.

Endotricha consobrinalis, Zell., Lep. Caffr., p.
DAS? 5. : : - : : ; : + oS. Abrica:
Endotricha coreacelis, Pagenst., J. B, Nass. Ver.,

XXXVil., p. 266 : . : : : . Amboina.
Endotricha aglaopa, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

1887, p. 196 : : : . Australia.
Hndotricha wammeralis, Pag., J. B. Naas. ae.
XXxix., p. 168 I : Avri.
Endotricha vinolentalis, Rag., fine, Ent, Soe Fr,
1891, p.525 : , : : W. Africa,
Endotricha ragonoti, Christ., Deutsche Ent. Zeit,

Lep., vi., p. 96 . : : ‘ ; : =) Cz Asia:
Endotricha rogenhoferi, Rebel, Ann. Hofm.

Wen’ vil.,.p. 249) plo xvii., fig. 1 : Canaries.
Endotricha crobulus, Tees Peolit Soc. NSW.

(2)) vik, p- 805. : - Queensland.
Budowieha suavalis, Snell. Tijd. v. Ent, XXXVlil.,

p. 113 ‘ ; 3 : . Java.

Endotricha aur Oeialis, Snell., aca! v. Ent.,
XXXVill.;'p. 115% : : ; : i . Java,

486 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus GAuUNA.

Gauna, Wlk., xxxiv., 1252 (1865).
CHdematophaga, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 73.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 2nd joint
tufted with hair on inner side at extremity, the 3rd short ; maxillary
palpi short and filiform ; frons with a tuft of hair; antenne of
male fasciculate ; tibia moderately scaled. Forewing with the

Gauna egusalis, g, 4.

costa arched towards apex ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5
approximated for a short distance ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, &, 9
stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with veins 3, 4, 5 well separated
at origin ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

fype. TGAUNA ZGUSALIS, WIk., xix., 912
tGauna subferralis, W1k., xxxiv., 1213.

6 . Australia.

Genus ScENEDRA.

‘Scenedra, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 75.

Palpi upturned, hardly reaching vertex of head and _ thickly
scaled ; maxillary palpi minute and thickly scaled ; frons rounded ;

=<

Scenedra decoratalis, 3, 1.

antenne of male fasciculate ; patagia of male reaching just beyond
metathorax ; tibia moderately scaled. Forewing with the costa
excised at middle ; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ;

Type.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralidx. 487

6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper
angle.

FSCENEDRA DECORATALIS, W1k., xxxiv., 1242 . Australia.
t Pyralis contentalis, W1k., xxxiv., p. 1247.

Genus PersicopTera.
Persicoptera, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 283.

Palpi upturned and reaching halfway to vertex of head, the
2nd joint fringed with long scales in front, the 3rd short ; maxil-
lary palpi minute and filiform ; frons rounded : antennz of male
fasciculate ; tibize smoothly scaled. Forewing with vein 3 from

Persicoptera pulchrinalis, 2, +.

before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from upper angle;
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 free ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hindwing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper
angle.

PERSICOPTERA PULCHRINALIS, Guen., Delt. and Australia,
Pye. p. 220) pl. in., fig. 2... : a : : Tasmania.
Scopula gavisalis, Wik., xxxiv., 14795.

Genus CaNncETTA.
Cangetta, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 314 (1886).

Palpi upturned and hardly reaching vertex of head, the 2nd —
joint fringed with hair below, the 3rd conically scaled; maxillary
palpi as long as the labial, and dilated with scales at extremity ;
frons flat and oblique ; antenne annulated with rings at the
joints ; legs long and slender ; tibia somewhat hairy. Forewing

488 Sir George I’. Hampson on the

somewhat narrow ; the cell short; veins 2, 4, 5 stalked; 6 from
well below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9,10 stalked. Hindwing with the

&
SS

Cangetta rectilinea, 3, 3 (from Moths Ind.,, vol. iv.).

f

cell very short ; vein 3 from angle; 4, 5 on a long stalk; 6, 7
from upper angle, 7 anastomosing strongly with 8.
Type. (1). fCANGETTA RECTILINEA, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,
iii; pol, pl.‘182, fig: 3. : ;
+Paraponyx griseolalis, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,
ix., p. 176, pl. 174, fig. 12.
(2). CANGETTA ALBOCARNEA, Warr., A.M.N.H. Assam, Cey-
(6), xvil., p. 149. : ; : . lon, Pulo Laut.

Ceylon.

Auctorwm.
Paraponyx hartoghialis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,
(2), vii., p. 97, pl. 7, figs. 14, 15 ‘ : . Guinea.
Genus Perra.
Petia, Warn, A.M. N.oE. (6); xvi., 9.4609) (189) ae
Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint fringed with very long

hair below, the 3rd long, naked and acute ; maxillary palpi long
and triangularly scaled ; antenne of male ciliated; tibiz nearly

=
Ww x

Petta costistrigalis, g, 3 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

smooth, the spurs long. Forewing with the outer margin excised
below apex ; vein 2 absent ; 3, 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ;
7, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell,
or stalked with 4, 5 ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Hindwing with vein 3 from cell.

(1). fPETTA CosTISTRIGALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol.iv.,p.138 . ‘ : . Ceylon. ©

Type.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. ASQ

Sect. II. Hindwing with vein 3 stalked with 4, 5.

(2). Petra ALTERNATA, Warr., A. M. N.H.(6), Assam, Bor-

xv1., p. 469 : neo, Sam-

bawa.

Genus DipetLopseustts.

Diplopseustis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 284.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint extending about twice the length of
head and thickly scaled, the 3rd obliquely upturned and set on
before the apex of 2nd joint ; maxillary palpi large and triangularly
scaled ; frons oblique ; antenne of male somewhat thickened and

flattened ; tibize with the outer spurs about’ half the length of

Diplopseustis minima, g, 1.

inner. Forewing with the apex somewhat acute ; the outer margin
excised below the apex; vein 3 from close to angle of cell;
4,5 stalked; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free.
Hindwing with the outer margin excised below apex ; vein 3 from
angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

DIPLOPSEUSTIS PERIERESALIS, WIk., xix., 958 . Formosa, As-
tCymoriza minima, Butl., P. Z. 8., 1880, p. sam, Aus-
684 — tralia, N.
Diplopseustis constellata, Warr., A. M. N. H Zealand,
(6), xvil., p. 464. Fiji.
Diplopseustis pallidalis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),
xvil., p. 465.
Sufetula nana, Warr. A. M. N. H. (6), xvii,
p. 225.

Auctorum.

Diplopseustis prophetica, res Trans. Ent. Soc,
1887, p. 198 : : : . Australia.

490 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus CatTAPROSC Pus.
Catapivsopus, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881, p. 589.

Prosboscis minute ; palpi porrect, downearved, extending about
twice the length of head and fringed with hair on both sides ;
maxillary palpi with a pointed tuft of hair from extremity ; frons
with a sharp tuft ; antenne of male almost simple ; tibis smoothly
scaled. Worewing with the costa arched at base then nearly
straight, the outer margin excurved below apex then excised to

Cataprosopus monstrosus, @, +.

outer angle : male with a glandular swelling at base of costa below
fringed with long hair; vein 3 from far before angle of cell ;
4, 5 from angle; 6 from just below upper angle; 7, 8 9, 10
stalked; 11! free. Hindwing with the outer margin slightly
excised between veins 6 and 2 ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;
4,5, 6 and 7 stalked.

Type. +Cararrosopus Monsrrosvs, Butl, Trans. Ent.
Soe, 183l,p.590 . 5 ; F : . Japan.

Genus '!'RIEROPIS.

Trieropis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 218. \

Palpi porrect, rostriform, downcurved, extending about four
times length of head and thickly scaled, hollowed out to receive
the long brush-like maxillary palpi ; frons produced to a flat

3 > y 1
Trieropis nesias, g, }.

projection; antennz of male thickened and annulate ; tibie with
tne spurs long and even. Forewing with the apex produced toa

Type.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 4.91

point, the outer margin excised below it; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle
of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 free. Hind-
wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from above angle ; 6, 7
from uppev angle.

FTrieropis Nestas, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc.,
1886, p. 218 . : ; : ; . Tonga.

Genus T'RICHOPHYSETIS.

Trichophysetis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 287.
Callinaias, Swinh., ‘Trans. Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 286.
Crasigenes, Meyr.,'l'rans. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 476.
Alpherakia, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1890, p. 520.

Palpi porrect, about twice as long as head and thickly tufted
with hair hiding the 3rd joint; maxillary palpi with a long

Trichophysetis nigricincta, g,4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

pointed tuft of hair from extremity extending nearly as far as
the labial palpi ; frons rounded ; antennz thickened and flattened ;
legs with the spurs long and equal. Forewing with the apex
rounded ; veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 7, 8,
9, 10 stalked, or 7 absent, or 10 from cell. Hindwing with vein 5
from above angle of cell, which is short ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. (Trichophysetis).—Hindwing with veins 3, 4 from
cell.

A. Forewing with vein 7 present.

a. Forewing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

(1). fTRICHOPHYSETIS CRETACEA, Butl., Ill. Amur, Japan,
Ffet:, ii., p..45,; pli.59,:fig.'8" d : Australia,
Paraponyz obnubilalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., | Norfolk, Til.
lvi.,p..32.
Trichophysetis neophyla, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1884, p. 287.

492 Sir George F. Hampson on the

~ 6. Forewing with vein 10 from cell.

(2), TRICHOPHYSETIS NIGRIPALPIS, Warr., A. M.
N. Hi. (5), xvii., p 149 : ; . Assam.

B. Forewing with vein 7 absent.

(3), TRICHOPHYSETIS NIGRIDISCALIS, Warr.,
AMON, Hi 3(6)) xvi, peo : . Assam.

Section IT. (Callinatias). — Hindwing with veins 3, 4
stalked.
(4). -Trichopuyseris NIGRICINCTA, Hmpsn., Il. Assam, Cey-
Het., 1x.pe 180;pl. 174, fig. 15 : lon.
(5). [TRICHOPHYSETIS GRACILENTALIS, Swinh., N.-E. India,
- Trans, Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 287, pl. 8, fig. 6 Burma.
(6). |TRICHOPHYSETIS MICROSPILA, Meyr., Trans.
Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 477 . ; : . Sambawa.
(7). TRICHOPHYSETIS FUMILAUTA, Warr., A. M.
N.. Ei.(G), xviii, p: 405 9: , : . Assam.

Genus IscHNnoscopa.

Ischnoscopa, Meyr., Trans. Hut. Soc., 1894, p. 464.

Palpi porrect, thickly scaled and extending twice the length of
head; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales: frons
rounded ; antennz laminate ; tibize with the spurs nearly equal.
Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well separated at origin ; 6 from well

Ischnoscopa chaleozona, @, 3.

below upper angle; 7 absent ; 8, 9 stalked ; 10,11 free. Hind-
wing with veins 3, 4 well separated at origin ; 5 absent ; 6, 7 from
upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Type. +IscHNOSCOPA CHALCOZONA, Meyr., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 183+, p. 45 : : : : E . Sambawa.

Classification of the Pyralide. 493

Genus Henvecasis.

Hendecasis, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 140
(1896).

Palpi porrect, straight and nearly naked, about three times
length of head, the 2nd joint long, the 3rd well developed ; maxil-
lary palpi triangulariy scaled; frons rounded ; antenne annulate

Hendecasis duplifascialis, @, § (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

and somewhat thickened. Forewing with the apex acute; the
outer margin excurved at middle ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ;
6 from upper angle; 7 absent ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hindwing with
veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. (1). (HENDECASIS DUPLIFASCIALIS, Hmpsn., Ill, W. Africa,

Efetanvills, pa La), pl. 156, fig. 18. . India, Ceylon.
(2). fHENDECASIS FULVALIS, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., _
ae ix., p. 180, pl..174, fig. 7. 5 5 . Ceylon.
(3). }HENDECASIS APICIFERALIS, WIk., xxxiv., |

1236 F ; , : : : . China.

Genus PLEONECTOIDES.
Pleonectoides, Hmpsn., 1). Het., viii., p. 134 (1891).

Palpi porrect, rostriform, projecting about twice the length of head,
the 2nd joint thickly scaled, the third hidden by hair ; maxillary palpi
dilated with scales ; frons oblique; antennz annulated with rings

Pleonectoides vinacea, , + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

at the joints ; legs long and slender, the outer spurs about half the
length of inner ; abdomen with lateral tufts towards extremity. °
Forewing long and narrow ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5:on-a
long stalk ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, and 11

4.94. Sir George F. Hampson on the

closely approximated to them. Hindwing narrow; vein 3 from
angle of cell ; 4, 5 on a long stalk ; the cell short ; 6, 7 stalked.
Type. (1). }PLeonEcrores vinacka, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,
Vill... p: 1345, pl. 155, p09: |. . . SS. India.
(2). *“PLEONECTOIDES SERICEA, Hmpsn., Moths Assam, Sam-
of India, vol.iv., p. 141. : : : bawa.

Genus BuraTHEMa.

Burathema, Wik., xxvii., 19 (1863).
Palpi porrect, straight, and extending about twice the length of
head, the 3rd joint prominent ; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ;

frons rounded; antennz of male very much thickened and flat-
tened, and roughly scaled ; tibiae with the spurs long and even.

. 3957 @ 1
Burathema divisa, 3, +.

Forewing with the apex slightly produced and acute ; vein 3 from
well before angle of cell ; 4, 5 separate at or'gin; 6 from below
upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with veins
3, 4, & well separated at origin ; 6, 7 form upper augle.

Type. +BuraATHEMA DIVISA, WIk., xxvii, 19. é - Borueo.

Genus MyrmiponistIs.

Myrmidonisiis, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1887, p. 196.

Palpi porrect, straight, projecting about two and a half times
the length of head, and thickly fringed above and below with hair ;
maxillary palpi dilated with scales; frons flat and oblique ;

Myrmidonistis hoplora, g, }.
antennz of male annulate and ciliated, the base of shaft excised
and contorted; hind tibiz with the outer spurs minute. Fore-
wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6 from upper angle ;

Type.

Type.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 495

7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with the outer margin
straight from apex to vein 2, then truncate ; veins 3, 4, 5 from
angle of cell ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

“*MYRMIDONISTIS HOPLORA, Meyr., Trans, Ent.
Soc., 1887, p.197 —. 3 : 3 ‘ . Australia.

Genus PaRrAcHMIDIA, Dov.

Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about twice ihe length of
head, the 2nd joint angled with scales above, the 3rd long ; max-
illary palpi long and filiform ; frons with a tuft of hair ; antenne
of male ciliated. Forewing of male with a hyaline fovea in cell ;
the costa arched towards apex, which is rectangular ; vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 absent ;
8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 from cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle
of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing moderately
with 8.

+tPARACHMIDIA FERVIDALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1461. St. Domingo.

Scopula prodigalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1461.

Genus RostrripaLPvs.

Rostripalpus, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 142
(1896).

Palpi rostriform, downcurved, thickly scaled and extending about
the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute and filiform ; frons

Rostripalpus longipennis, 2, 2 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.),

with a slight tuft; antenne of female minutely ciliated ; tibize
with the spurs long. Forewing very long, narrow and produced at
apex ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 10,11 free. Hind-
wing with vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 from upper
angle, 7 anastomosing strongly with 8.
tRosTRIPALPUS LONGIPENNIS, Hmpsn., fl. Het.,
viii., p. 128, pl. 154, fig. 20. : ; A . Nilgiris.

Type.

4.96 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus SYNTONARCHA.

Syntonarcha, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1890,
p. 1107.

Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about twice the length of
head, the 2nd joint fringed with hair above and below, the 3rd
slightly fringed below ; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ; frons
with a conical prominence ; antenne nearly simple; tibie with
the outer spurs about half the length of inner. Forewing with the
costa highly arched; median and subcostal nervures closely

>

Syntonarcha iriastis, g, 4.

approximated for three-fourths length, then expanding to form
end of cell; veins 2 and 3 muchcurved, the latter from long before
end of cell ; 4, 5 well separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle;
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 from well before end of cell; 11 much curved.
Hindwing with vein 3 from near end of cell; 4, 5 approximated
for some distance ; 6, 7 stalked,

“SyNTONARCHA IRIASTIS, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. W.,, 1890,%p: 1107. A ; = . Australia.

Genus CENTROPSEUSTIS.
Centropseustis, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 1890,
p. 1105.
Palpi rostriform and downcurved, thickly scaled and extending
about twice the length of head; maxillary palpi minute and fili-

Centropseustis astrapora, , +.

form ; frons with a tuft of hair ; antenn of male minutely serrate
and ciliated; tibiz smooth. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 well

Classification of the Pyralide. 497

separated at origin; 6 from upper angle ; 10 anastomosing with
7, 8,9; 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ;
4, 5from angle ; 6,7 stalked.

Type. CENTROPSEUSTIS ASTRAPORA, Meyr., Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. S. W., 1890, p. 1106 . ; : . Australia.

Genus CHNOGENES.

Gnogenes, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 75.

Palpi porrect, extending about the length of head and fringed
with long hair below ; maxillary palpi filiform ; frons rounded ;
antenne of male strongly ciliated ; tibiw fringed with hair on outer

CEnogenes fugalis, 3, 4.

side. Forewing with the costa arched towards apex ; vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4, 5 fromangle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9
~ stalked ; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of
cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle. .
Type. CENOGENES FUGALIS, Feld., Reis. ‘Nov., pl. 134, Australia,
fig. 37 ° = . ° : . ° . Tasmania.

Genus CoracHena,
Cotachena, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 275 (1885).
Mesothyris, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), ix., p. 300 (1892).
Palpi porrect, triangularly scaled, the 3rd joint hidden by hair ;
maxillary palpi filiform ; frons rounded ; antenne of male with

Cotachena histricalis, 3, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

long cilia ; hind tibie with the outer medial spur about half the
length of inner. Forewing with the retinaculum formed by a

Type.

498 Sir George F. Hampson on the

large valve of scales from below median nervure in both sexes ;
the costa arched towards apex ; the outer margin oblique ; the
cell short ; vein 3 from 4 beyond angle ; 5 closely approximated
to 4 for half its length; 6 from upper angle ; 10,11 free. Hind-
wing with the cell very short-; vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5
approximated for about one-fourth length ; 6, 7 from upper angle,

7 anastomosing strongly with 8.
(1), -COTACHENA HISTRICALIS, W1k., xviii., 655. China, India,
Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig.5 =. Ceylon.
+ Archernis pubescens, Warr,, A. M.N. H. (6),

ix., p. 300.
(2). HCoradHmNa TRINOTATA, Butl., A. M. N. H. Tenimber,Dili
(5) px pode? ; . Solomons.

Cotachena peractalis, Wert ne M. N. H.
(6), xvil., p. 465.
(3). TCOTACHENA ALUENSIS, Butl., A. M. N. H.,
LSS pal25" oe . Queensland,
Cotachena fenestralis, Ware’ A. M. N. H. Solomons.
(6), xvi., p. 470.

Genera Auctorum.

Imerina mabillalis, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1890, p. 96, and Mon. Phye., pl. iv., fig. 6 . Madagascar.
‘Nymphicula stipalis, Snell., Midd. Sum., p. 78,

play: nelle. : : : : : . Sumatra.
Nymphicula infuscalis, Snell, Tijd. v. Ent.,

Xxill., p. 246, & xxvii., pl. v., fig. 6 : . Celebes.
Nymphicula acuminatalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,

-

EXHI., p..246, & xxvil, pl. v., fig. 7 . ‘ . Celebes.

Subfamily Pyrarine.

Proboscis usually well-developed ; maxillary palpi present and
usually filiform. Forewing with vein 7 stalked with 8,9. Hind-
wing with the median nervure non-pectinate ; vein 8 free.

499

|

of the Pyralide.

von O

Classificat

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TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND, 1896,—parrt rv.

500

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Hind tarsi with no tuft of hair on 1st joint.

a Mavillary palpi long and triangularly scaled ; palpi
long, upturned or straight and porrect, the
8rd joint long and acuminate; an enne of
male pectinated =. :
b Maxillary palpi filiform, except i im some genera
with downcurved palpi.
al Palpi with the 2nd and 3rd joints upturned.
a* Proboscis absent or minute.
a? Forewing with vein 9 stalked with 7, 8;
hindwing with vein 4 present.
a* Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9
a Palpi with no teft of hair in front of
2nd joint.
b° Palpiwith a tuft of hair in fr ont of £ Ond
joint 5 \
b4 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9
b8 Forewing with vein 9 from cell; hindwi ing
with vein 4 absent : : :
b? Proboscis we'l developed.
a3 Abdomen long and dilated at extremity ;
antenne of male with short branches .
bs; Abdomen normal; antenne of male
ciliated : 2
a* Hindwing with veins 4, 5 5 stalked —
a? Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.
b® Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9 .
bt Veins’ 4, 5 of each wing approximated
for about one-third length.
a> Forewing with the costa not excised .
b° Forewing with the costa excised at
middle 5 :
ct Veins 4, 5 of neither wing g approximated
towards or igin.
a Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9
a® Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching
tar above vertex of head
7 Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching
vertex of head
a8 Maxillary palpi well developed.
b§ Maxillary palpi minute.
a® Palpi broadly sealed in front .
b® Palpi slender and smoothly

scaled . 2
b7 Palpi very short and not reaching
vertex of head. :

b° Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9.
a’ Forewing with vein 11 anastomosing

with 12 4 c
bs Forewing with vein VW nee anasto.
mosing with 12 . . 5

b! Palpi obliquely upturn ned, the 8rd joint porrect.

a* Forewing with veins ‘4, 5 approximated for
about one-third length.

a3 Proboscis well developed ; antenne of male

ciliated . 5

b3 Proboscis minute ;

short branches : :

b? Forewing with veins 4, 5 not approxima ted

towards origin.

antenn® of imale with

. 38.

on

1

Je)

Sir George F. Hampson on the

Sindris.

. Aglossa

Hypotia
Ulotricha.

Crocalia.

. Vitessa.

. Pyralis.

Hypsopygia.

Tegulifera.

. Hypanchyla.

. Paracme.

. Larice.
. Stemmatophoru.

. Cardamyla.

Curena.

. Catacrocis.

. Euryzona.

Herculia.

Tamraca.

Classification of the Pyralide.

a Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9 . - 19.
b3 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9 2 20;
cl Palpi straight and porrect.
a2 Veins 4, 5 of each wing approximated for
about one third length.
a3 Palpi with a long sharp tuft of hair at end
of 2nd joint below 5 ; P . 42,
b3 Palpi with no tuft of hairon 2nd joint —. 47.
vb? Veins 4, 5 of neither wing approximated
towards origin.
a3 Maxillary palpi well developed ; palpi about
the lenzth of head; forewing with vein
7 from 8 before 9 . é 0 : :
b3 Maxillary palpi minute; palpi about two
and a-half times length of head;
forewing with vein 7¢ from 8
after 9. 5 : 5 : F . ai.
d' Palpi rostriform and downcurved at extremity.
a2 Forewing with vein 6 trom the cell.
a’ Palpi less than twice the length of head.
at Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled.
a Proboscis minute; palpi moderately

sealed. 5 Fi 5 : . 44,
b5 Proboscis well developed; palpi clothed
with long hair : 43.

b! Maxillary palpi filiform and well de-
veloped; frons usually with a sharp
tuft.

a> Veins 4, 5 of neither wing approxi-
mated towards origin.
aS Palpi fringed with long hair on 2nd
joint below ; c ‘ BOO!
b Palpi not fringed with hair below.
a’ Abdomen without dorsal tufts ;
forewing with the costa not
arched at base ; : 2
b? Abdomen with dorsal tufts ; fore-
wing with the costa arched at
base. : 5 :
b> Veins 4, 5 of each wing approximated
for about one-third length, or
forewing with 4,5 stalked . 5 AY
ct Maxillary palpi minute.
a® Frons with a tuft of hair; proboscis
minute é ; 5 : 5
b® Frons smooth; proboscis well de-
veloped.
a® Forewing with veins4, 5 from angle
of cell . - . : 5 2 36.
b§ Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked —. 27.
bs Palpi more than twice the length of head.
at Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.
a Maxillary palpi triangularly scaled.
a® Palpi fringed with hair below ;
proboscis minute.
a? Hindwing with veins 4, 5 well
separated at origin . 3 - 46.
v7 Hindwing with veins 4, 5 froma
ot . . . . ~ 4D:
b§ Palpi thickly fringed witb hair
above and kelow; proboscis
well developed. C ‘ ,
a Eereae with vein 10 from the
cell.

34.

26.

24.

501

Rhynchopygia.
Triphassa,

TLoryna.
Tyndis.

. Discordia.

Proteinia.

. Constantia.

Tretopteryx.

Lophopalpvia.

Bostra.

Omphalocera.

Paractenia.

. Zitha.

Dilowxia.
Toccolosida,

Cledeobia.

Actenia,

Lamacha.

502 Sir George F. Hampson on the

v7 Forewing with vein 10 stalked
Wilby Sse9) | 1s F 5 . 23. Omphalobasis.
b® Maxillary palpi filiform ; frons with a
sharp tuft; hindwing of male
with a tuft of hair near inner
margin above . 5 . 80. Prosaris.
c> Maxillary palpi minute ; frons smooth;
palpi with the 2nd joint short,
the 8rd long, in male with a
fringe of hair on inner side mis
from a groove . 31. Trebania.
b+ Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9 c . 39. Mapeta.
b? Forewing with vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, 9.
a3 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 after 9.
at Forewing with the costa lobed near
base . : : ‘ : : . 82. Xenomilia.
b* Forewing with the costa evenly curved . 33. Heterocrasa.
b3 Forewing with vein 7 from 8 before 9.

as Forewing with vein 10 free . 22. Hyboloma.
b+ Forewing with vein 10 stalked "with
€,7,8,9 . 40. Orybina.

B. Hind tarsi with a large tuft of hair. on Ist joint.

a Palpi long rostriform and fringed with hair in
male, “upturned i in female. . 21. Rhynchetera.

b Palpi long rostriform and smoothly scaled in
both sexes; male with tufts of hair at end of

2nd and 3rd joints, forming a cavity .

c Palpi short and straight, ae rence beyond

the frontal tuft ; F . 28. Sacada.

37. Propachys.

Genus VITESSA.

Vitessa, Moore, Lep. H. I. C., p. 299 (1858).

Palpi upturned, slender, and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint
reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long ; maxillary palpi dilated with
scales ; antennz of male bipectinate with the branches dilated at
extremity, in female thickened and flattened; tibie slightly

Vitessa suradeva, g, t+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

fringed with hair; abdomen dilated at extremity and with large
anal tuft, the claspers of male very large and usually protruded.
Forewing long and narrow; the costa arched towards apex ;
vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked in male, approxi-
mated in female ; 9 given off from 8 after 7. Hindwing with
vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4,5 & 6,7 stalked in male, 4, 5
approximated in female.

Classification of the Pyralide. 503

Sect. I. Antennz of male with very short branches.
(1). Viressa NicoparicaA, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol.iv.,p.146 . : ; . Nicobars.
Type. (2). Vrressa suRADEVA, Moore, Lep. E.I. C., India,Ceylon,

p: 299, pl: 7a; fig..7. ; ; Burma, An-
Vitessa formosa, Feld. Reis. Now epi ISU damans,
ies Ie Borneo.

+ Vitessa rama, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ili., p. 256,
pl. 178, fig. 7.
(3). VITEssA TERNATICA, Led., Wien Ent. Ceram,
Mon., 1863, p, 335; pli 6 fig, 7 © 2. : Ternate.
(4). tVITESSA PYRALIATA, WIK., xxxi., 220 . Celebes.
(5). VITESSA ZALMIRA, Cram., Pap. Exot. iv., Amboina, N.
p. 149, pl.-367, fig. 2 . «. : : ‘ Hebrides.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with longer branches.

(6). tVITESSA HEMIALLACTIS, Meyr., Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1887,-p.19) - - . - New Guinea.

(7). +VITESsa PLUMOSA, 0. sp.

¢. Differs from hemiallactis in the white spot below the call of
forewing being bidentate ; the discocellular patch much smaller,
ovat:, and separate from the elongate patch below vein 2 ;
the veins of outer area much more strongly streaked with white.
Hindwing with the base white; the marginal band tapering to
anal angle.

Hab. Sambawa (Doherty). Hap. 44 mm.

Genus CROCALIA.
Crocalia, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 634.

Differs from Aglossa in the 2nd joint of palpi being less broadly
fringed with hair ; the maxillary palpi minute. Forewing with

Crocalia aglossalis, g, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).
veins 4, 5 stalked; 7, 8 on a long stalk ; 9 from cell. _Hindwing
with veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell; 4 absent.

Type. CROCALIA aGLossaLis, Rag., Ann. Scc. Ent.
Er. 1891-"p.. 635 = ; ‘ ; : . N.-W. India.

504. Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus ULorricHa.
Ulotricha, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 341.

Proboscis extremely minute; palpi upturned, slender, and
hardly reaching vertex of head; maxillary palpi minute and
filiform ; frons rounded ; antenne of male ciliated ; tibise nearly

Ulotricha egregialis, &, 1.

naked., Forewing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4,5 from
angle ; 7 given off from 8 after 9; 10,11 free. -Hindwing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 from upper
angle.
Type. Urorricua EGREGIALIS, H. §., Schmett. Eur.,
p: [20 figs 55): : = , ‘ - . S. Europe.
Ulotricha medusalis, Mill. Icon., ii., p. 242,
pl. 127, figs. 4, 5.

Genus Hyporta.

Hypotia, Zell., Isis., 1847, p. 593.

Proboscis minute ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint widely sepa-
rated from frons, and with a tuft of hair at extremity on outer
side, the 3rd long, naked, and acuminate ; maxillary palpi large

Hypotia corticalis, g, 4.

and triangularly scaled ; frons rounded ; antennz with the basal
joint dilated, a tuft of scales in front at extremity, the shaft
annulate and strongly ciliated. Forewing with the costa nearly
straight ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 well separated at

Classification of the Pyralidx. 505

origin ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free.
Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 well separated
at origin ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. Hyporia cortica.is, Schiff., S. V., p. 123. Centr. Europe.

Genus AGLOSSA.

Aglossa, Latr., Précis ‘Charact. Gen. Ins., p. 145,
(1796).

Philotis, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 81.

Agriope, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1894, p. 163.

Proboscis absent ; palpi upturned well in front of frons, the
2nd joint fringed with hair in front and reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd long; maxillary palpi dilated with scales at extremity ;
antenne of male ciliated and with long setiferous spines ; hind
tibiw fringed with hair on outer side towards base. Forewing long

Aglossa dimidiatus, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. i.).

and narrow ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 closely approxi_
mated or stalked; 6 from upper angle. Hindwing with vein 3
from angle of cell; 4, 5 closely approximated or stalked ; 6,7 from
upper angle.

Sect. I. Veins 4,5 of each wing closely approximated
for about one-third length,

Type. (1). AGLossA PINGUINALIS, Linn., Faun. Suec., Europe,Syria,

1350, p. 351 : : : ; Persia, Af-
Aglossa asiatica, Ersch., Hor. Ent. Ross., ghanistan,
Viil., p. 317 (subsp.) N.-W. Hi-

A glossa aldida'is, Christ., Hor. Ent. Ross., malayas.
x., p. 41 (subsp.).
Aglossa streatfieldii, Curt., pl. 455 (ab-).

506 Sir George IF. Hampson on the
Sect. IT. Veins 4, 5 of each wing stalked.

(2). AGLOSSA CUPREALIS, Hiibn., Verz., p. Palearctic,

348 ; : F : : 3 : Nearctic,
Aglossa domalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., Neotropi- ,
p: 128. cal, and
t Acrobasis incultella, Wik., xxxv., 1712. Australian

Tetralopha euthealis, Hulst., ‘'r. Am. Ent. Regions.
Soc., xili., p. 160.
(3). AGLOSSA DIMIDIATA, ae Lep. Brit., Japan, China,

mates s : : : S. India,
tAglossa micalialis, Wik., XVil. 277, Burma.
Pyralis circularis, Motech!: Et., 1860,

p. 37.

ft Aglossa achatina, Butl., Ill. Het., iii., p. 72,
pl. 58, fig. 6.
(4). AGLOSSA INCULTALIS, Zell., Lep. Caff.,

p: 21 : : S. Africa.
Aglossa steralis, Feld., Rela New icy 134,
fig. 27.
t+ Gelechia aglossella, W\k., xxxv., 1830.
(5). TAGLOSSA BASALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1250 a) So. sAtriea.
Philotis punctilimbalis, Rag., Ann. Soc.Ent. Madagascar
Br, L389.) p. 82. Persia.

(6). *AGLOSSA RADAMALIS, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent,
Er sol) p. 82 : oe tase ; . Madagascar.

Auctorwm.

Aglossa exsucealis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863,

p. 165;'pl. 7, fig. 10°; ‘ Beyrout.
Aglossa maceralis, Chretien, Le Natapalinte: 1891,

p. 67 : : : 5 : . ‘ - Beyrout.
Aglossa signicostalis, Staud., Hor. Ent. Ross.,

1870, p. 180, pl. 2, fig. 6 : Greece.
Agriope brabantii, nee Bull. Soe. Ent. Fr., “1884,

p. 6, and 1888, pl. 6, fig. 6 ; and Ann. St. Ent.

Fr., 1894, p. 163 : : France.
Apion simplicialis, Christ., Beneeke Ent. Tet.
Lep., vi., p. 96 A : Scharud.

Aglossa cestalis, Hulst., Smith, z. List Tap Bor,
Am., p. 81 ; , : : B ; ee nee

Classification of the Pyralide.

Genus Hypsopyaia.

Hypsopygia, Hiibn., Verz., p. 348 (1827.)

Hypsopygia mauritialis, 8, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).
Differs from Pyralis in the forewing having vein 9 given off

from 8 before 7.
Type. (1). Hypsopyeia cosraLis, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Europe, N.
No. 420 . : » wAsia, UliS. 55
Pyralis fimbrialis,
p. 124.
Pyralis aurotenialix, Chr.,
i(var;):
Pyralis hyllalis, Wik., xvii., p. 265 (var.).
Pyralis rubrocilialis, Staud., Hor. Ent.
Ross,, 1870, p. 181.
(2). HypsopyGiA MAURITIALIS, Boisd.,

Madag., p. 119, pl. 16, fig. 8

Schiff., Wien Verz.,

Bull. Mosc., 56,

Faun. Madagascar
oD b]
China, In-

+Pyralis lucillalis, Wik., xvii., 268. dia, Burma,

+Pyralis regalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1241. Java, Cele-

t+ Pyralis ducalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1242. bes,
Hypsopygia laticilialis, Rag., Aun. Ent. Sumatra.

Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 28.
(3).tHypsopyGia POSTFLAVA, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,
xp: log, ple itl, figs 22 Mas :
(4). +HypsopyGta REGINA, Butl., A. M. N. H. (6),
il., p. 452 2 : : -

N.-E. India,
Ceylon.
Japan, Gan-
jam, Burma.

Genus PyRALIs.

Pyralis, Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, p. pel (1767).
Asopia, Zeit., Schmett. Eur. SV, Ps B16 (1828).

Sacatia, Wik., xxvu., 123 (1863).

Bhaprichones Were A. M. N. H. (6), vii., p. 498 (1891).

Therapne, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 93.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint fringed with hair in front and
reaching vertex of head, the 3rd of moderate length ; maxillary

Vype.

508 Sir George F. Hampson on the

palpi filiform ; antenne of male ciliated; tibiae moderately hairy.
Forewing with the apex rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of

Pyralis manihotalis, , + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.)

cell; 4, 5 usually stalked ; 7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11
free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 and
6, 7 stalked.

Sect. I, Forewing with veins 4, 5 approximated for a
short distance.
(1). PYRALIS RECISALIS, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1885, N.-W.and W.
p. 866 . : ce India.

Sect. II. Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(2), Pyrauis cuprina, Zell., Verh..Z.-B. Ver.,
1372,p. 497 : : = eeetWeuSS.; LAL.

(3). ePYRALis CAUSTICA, Meyr., ‘iirans, Ent. Soc.,

1884, p. 282 : ‘ . Australia,
(4). Pyrais ELECTALIS, Hulst., Tr. Am. Ent.

Soc., 13, p. 146 : é d ‘ . California.
(5). PyRALis OBSOLETALIS, Mann., Wien Ent. S.Europe, Ar-
Mon., 1864, p. 179, pl. 4 , . menia,Aden.

(6). PYRALIS FARINALIS, Linn. . Palardtic, Aithiopian: Neo-
+Pyralis fraterna, Butl., Ill, arctic, Neotrontaat regions,
Het., iii., p. 70, pl. 58, Japan, Afghanistan, Aus-

fig. 4. tralia, New Zealand.
(7). -PYRALIS DOMESTICAL!S, Zell, Isis, 1847,
Dp. 000 wae E : . Sicily.
(8). PYRALIS LIENIGIALIS, Zell., 8. E. Z., 1843,
p: 40 : 5 . N. Europe.
(9). Pyrawis PICTALIS, spi Brit, Ent, xi., Europe, W.
p:2h | : . Africa,Japan,
Pyralis nronoealis; Ww ik >be 906. India, Ceylon
Pyralis suggeralis, W\k., xxxiv., 1237. and Burma,
Pyralis proximalis, Wik., Trane. Ent. Soc., Sumatra,Bor-
1862-4, p. 120. neo, Gilbert

t+ Myelois bractiatella, W1k., xxvii., p. 36. Isl.

Classification of the Pyralide. 509

+ Pyralis elachia, Butl., Ill. Het., iii., p. 70,
pl. 58, fig. 3.
(10). fPYRALIS RAVOLALIS, WIk., xix., 898;
Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 15 . Ceylon.
Pyralis enoealis, W1k., xix., 907. e
(11). *PyRALIS FUNEBRALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), xvi. pe46k "3 < : : . Assam.
(12). PyRaLIs ELONGALIS, Koll., Hiig. Kasch, N.-W. Hima-
iv., p. 493 : : : 5 : : layas.
Pyvalis mensalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,
p. J20.
+Pyralis marmorea, Butl., Ul. Het., vii,
p- 91, pl. 134, fig. 10.
(13). PyraAwis ocELLALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Mon.,
Wii; p2 30, ple 7.hon 9. é : . Arabia.
(14), PyraLis MANIHOTALI3, Guen., Delt. and Neotropical,
Pyr:,-p; 121s. ; 5 : Oriental,
+ Asopia vetusalis, W1k., xix., 831. and Aus-
+Pyralis gerontesalis, “Wik., Cat. Xixs) p: tralian re-
896 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, gions,
fig. 6.
+Sacatia laudatella, W1k., xxvii., 124.
+ Pyralis despectalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1243.
+ Pyralis miseralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1244.
Pyralis achatina, Batl., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv.,

p. 49.

(15), -fPYRALIS ALBILAUTALIS, Warr., A.M.N. H.,
(6) vil, p. 496 ; : . Natal.

(16). {PyRALIs. FUMIPENNIS, Butl., Ill. Het, , vil. N.-W. Hima-
p. 91, pl. 134, fig. 11 - 4 : layas, Cey-

SHiaynalin mnininatss, Hmpsn., Il. Hat, Xe, lon,
p. 159, pl. 171, fig. 18.
(17). PyRALIs SUBRESECTALIS, Snell., Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1890, p. 565 . : : 3 . Sikhim,
(18). Pyratis REGALIS, Schiff., Wien Verz. S. Europe,

p.124 . . : : : Siberia, Ja-
Pyralis pulchellalis, Mill, Cat. Lep. Alpes- pan, N.-W.
Marit., 1873, p. 221. Himalayas.

+Pyralis princeps, Butl., Ill. Het., vii., p. 91,
pl. 134, fig. 12.
(19). PyRaLis PERVERSALIS, H. &., iv., p. 123, E.. Europe,
fig. 6 h : Armenia.
Pyralis lucidalis, Ev, Faun, caret p. 466.

510 Sir George *. Hampson on the

Auctorum.

Pyralis rubellalis, Zell., Lep. Caff., p. 20. . 8. Africa.
Pyralis secretalis, Walleng., Gifv.ak. Forh., xxii.,

1 p.1220 ‘ ‘ : 5 : S. Africa,
Pyralis saturalis, W1k., xix., 892 ; Cram., iv. pl.
348, U : 2 F : ; : : . Surinam.

Genus Hypancuy.La.

Hypanchyla, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6) vii., p. 498 (1891).

Palpi upturned, reaching just above vertex of head ; maxillary
palpi filiform ; frons rounded ; antennz of male ciliated ; hind
tibize with slight tuft of hairat base on outer side. Forewing with
the costa excised at middle, deeply in male, slightly in female,

Hypanchyla maricalis, g, 4.

vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 approximated for some dis-
tance ; 7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 curved. Hindwing
with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for a short
distance ; 6, 7 from upper angle.
Sect. I. Forewing with one large excision in costa.

Type. (1). tHypaNcHYLA MARICALIS, WIk., xix., 910 .. Borneo.

Pyralis ? lebonalis, W1k., xix., 910.

Sect. II. Forewing with five small excisions in costa.

(2). *HYPANCHYLA DEVIALIS, W1k., xxxiv., 1239 Borneo.

Genus TEGULIFERA.

Tegulifera, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges., 1879-80, p. 305.
Peucela, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 47.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint thickly scaled and reaching vertex
of head, the 3rd short ; maxillary palpi minute ; antenne of male

Classification of the Pyralidex. d11

serrate and fasciculate ; tibis moderately hairy, the spurs long.
Forewing rather long and narrow.; vein 3 from before end of cell;
4, 5 approximated for nearly one-third length, rarely stalked ;

1

Tegulifera faviusalis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle

of cell; 4, 5 approximated for about one-third length ; 6, 7 shortly
stalked.

Sect. I. (Tequlifera).—Patagia of male extending well
beyond metathorax.

Type. (1). TEGULIFERA RUBICUNDALIS, Saalm., Ber.
Senck. Ges., 1880, p. 305 : ‘ - Madagascar,
tTegulifera sanguinea, Warr., A. M.N. H.,
(6) viil., p. 68.
(2). TEGULIFERA PSAMATHOPIS, Meyr., Trans.
Ent. Soc., 1894, p.11 . : , . Burma.
(3), TEGULIFERA RESECTALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Brazil, Ar-
Mon., 1863, p. 343, pl. 7, fig. 6 ‘ . _ gentina.
Asopia vernacutalis, Berg.,Boll.Ac.Cord., i.,
p. 157.

Sect. II. (Peucela).—Patagia of male not extending
beyond metathorax,

(4). ‘TEGULIFERA FAVIUSALIS, W1k., xix., 907 . N.-W. Hima-

Pyralis drapesalis, W1k., xix., 909. layas, N.-E.
Pyralis nonusalis, Wik., xix., 909. India,
t+Pyralis platymitris, Butl., P. Z. S., 1883, | Borneo.
p. 166. :

Pyralis pallivittata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p.206.
Orthopygia atomosalis, Warr., A. M.N.H.
(6), xvi., p. 465.
Peucela rubrifuscalis, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), xvi., p. 461.
(5). ¢TEGULIFERA PALLIDIBASALIS, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol. iv..p.153 . . Nilgiris,

512 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(6). tTEGULIFERA CASTANEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths
of India, vol. iv., p. 153 ; ° . Beutan.
(7). TEGULIFERA ROSEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of
Indias svols iv. sp- loos 1). F . . N.-E. India.
(8). *TEGULIFERA RUFIFASCIALIS, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 154. . Assam.
(9). TEGULIFERA SUBOLIVESCENS, Warr., A. M.
IN. He (6) xva. sp. 464) ae : - - Assam,Ceylon.

Auctorum.

Tegulifera tristiculalis, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges.,

1879, p. 306 . ; : 5 : S - Madagascar.
Tequlifera albostriygalis, Saalm., Ber. Senck. Ges.,
1879, p. 386 : 5 : - Madagascar.

Peucela fuscolimbalis, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1888, p- 138: . : 5 : 5 : -) -Lunis:

Genus PARACME.
Paracme, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 338.

Palpi upturned, long, the 2nd joint reaching well above vertex
of head, the 3rd well developed ; maxillary palpi long and filiform ;
form rounded ; antenne of male minutely ciliated; tegule of male
reaching beyond metathorax ; tibiee nearly smoothly scaled. Fore-

Paracme racilialis, g, 4.

wing with the apex somewhat rounded ; vein 3 from before angle
of cell ; 4, 5 from angle; 7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free.
Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5, from angle ;
6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. tPARACME RACILIALIS, WIk., xix.;899 - China.
Paracme insulsalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1263,
p. 339, pl. 6, fig. 11. .

Classification of the Pyralidex. © 513

Genus CaRDAMYLA,
Cardamyla, Wik., xvii., 282 (1859).
Proboscis strong ; palpi upturned, slender, and smoothly scaled,

the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd well developed ;
maxillary palpi filiform ; frons hairy ; antenne thickened ; tibiz

Voy, all a]p2 qT
Cardamyla carinentalis, &, ¥.

thickly scaled ; male with the anal tuft and claspers large. Fore-
wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6 from upper angle ;
7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3
from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper
angle.
Type. tCARDAMYLA CARINENTALIS, WIk., xvii, 283,
Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, pl.6, fig.9 . . Australia.

Genus STEMMATOPHORA.

Stemmatophora, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 129 (1854).
Maradana, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 57 (1884).
Koremalepis, Hmpsn., I]. Het., viu., p. 129 (1891).

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head, the 2nd joint
fringed with hair in front, the 3rd minute; maxillary palpi minute;

SL

Stemmatophora tactilis, g, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.),

antennes of male with fascicles of long cilia; tibiz somewhat
hairy, the outer spurs short. Forewing short and broad, the apex

514 Sir George F. Hampson on the

rectangular ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;
7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before
angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. (Stemmatophora).—Male with the tegule hardly
reaching beyond metathorax.

Type. (1). STEMMATOPHORA comBusTaLis, F. R.,

pl95, fig. tes ‘ 5 . S. Europe,
Pyralis lucidalis, Tr., vii., p. 151. Syria.
Pyralis rubidalis, Dup. Will... 233,004,
p. 345.
(2). tSTEMMATOPHORA PALLIDELLA, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol.iv., p. 155 : . Ceylon.

(3). *“STEMMATOPHORA CARNEALIS, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv.,p.155 . Burma.
(4). tSrEMMATOPHORA PSEUDAGLOsSA, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol. iv.,p.155 —. . Ceylon.
(5). ¢STEMMATOPHORA OLEAGINA, Warr., A. M.

IN EL (6), wil, p.497509)2 « c: : -. Natal.
(6). tSTEMMATOPHORA SANGUIFUSA, Hmpsn.,

Moths of India, vol.iv., p.155 —. - Ceylon.
(7). STEMMATOPHORA ALBIGUTTATA, Warr.,
A. M. N. H. (6), vii., p. 496 . : . Japan,Assam.

(8). SSTEMMATOPHORA HERCULIALIS, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol.iv., p.156 . Assam.

(9). tSTEMMATOPHORA COSTINOTALIS, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol.iv.,p.156 =. . Sikhim.

(10). STEMMATOPHORA FUSCIBASALIS, Snell, Tijd.

v. Ent., xxiii., p. 199, and xxvi., LF 6,

fig. 3, aa : Formosa.
Pyralis umbrosalis, Sanh, Trans, "Ent. Mysore, Bur-
Soc., 1890, p.291 . : : ma, Celebes.

(11). tSTEMMATOPHORA RIVULATA, Gere Hert

Ceyl., iii., p. 58, pl. 150, fig. 14 . . Ceylon.
(12), *STEMMATOPHORA RECTISECTALIS, Warr.,

A. M.N. H. (6) xvii, p. 460 . : . S. India.

Sect. II. (Coremalepis).—Male with the tegulz extending
well beyond the metathorax.

(13). tSTEMMATOPHORA TACTILIS, Swinh., Trans.
Ent. Soc., 1890, p. 290 . : é . India,Burma.
Koremalepis scopula, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,
Viii., p. 129, pl. 154, figs. 2, 15.

Classification of the Pyralide. 515

(14). STeEMMATOPHORA BICOLORALIS, Leech, Japan,
Entom., 1889, p. 65, pl. 4, fig. 17. ‘ W. India.
tPyralis dulctculalis, Swinh., P.Z.S., 1889,
p. 418; Hmpsn., Ill. Het., viii, pl. 156,
fig. 13.
(15). fSTEMMATOPHORA LATICINCTA, Hmpsn., N.-W. Hima-
Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 57 (¢@) . : layas.
(16). tSTEMMATOPHORA VALIDA, Butl, A. M.
ING HS (5) jay. p- 4ole ; ‘ . Japan, China.
(17). tSTEMMATOPHORA MONOSTAZCHALIS, Warr., N.-W. Hima-
At ME. N. HG); vit p 497 =. : . layas.

Sect. III. Male with the patagia extending almost to
end of abdomen.

(18). *STEMMATOPHORA PUNCTIMARGINALIS,
Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. 4, p.157 Burma.

Genus Laricr.

Larice, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 640.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint fringed
with long hair in front and reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long
and naked ; maxillary palpi well developed and triangularly scaled ;
antenne of male bipectinated, with short branches ciliated ; tibize

Larice phycidalis, g, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

slightly hairy. Forewing long and narrow ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9
stalked; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of
cell; 4, 5 from angle.

Type, LariceipHycipatis, Guen., Delt.and Pyr.,p.121 N.-W. Hima
+Larice swinhwi, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, layas, Burma.
p. 640.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—paRT Iv. (DEC.) 35

516 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus CURENA.

Curena, Wlk., xxxiv., 1253 (1865).

Palpi upturned, short, and not reaching vertex of head ; maxil-
lary palpi tufted with hair ; frons rounded ; antennz of male with
long cilia ; tegule of male reaching beyond metathorax ; mid and
hind tibie fringed with hair on outer side. Forewing with the
costa somewhat excised from near base to near apex, where it is

Curena externalis, g, 4.

h'ghly arched ; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle
7 given off from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3
from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. tCUR=NA EXTERNALIS, WIk., xxxiv..1253 , Australia.

Genus Tamraca,
Tamraca, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., p. 554 (1887).

Proboscis minute ; palpi oblique, the 3rd joint porrect, thickly
clothed with hair, and reaching well beyond the minute maxillary
palpi and sharp frontal tuft; antenne of male with short fas-

Tamraca torridalis, , 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

ciculate branches ; patagia of male reaching end of metathorax,
with a tuft of long.hair below them; tibiz hairy, Forewing with
the costa nearly straight; the outer margin somewhat excised
towards outer angle; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5
approximated for one-third length ; 7 given off from 8 before 9 ;

Classification of the Pyralidx. 517

10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5,
hardly approximated at base ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. ‘TAMRACA TORRIDALIS, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., China, India,
1863, p. 342, pl. 6, fig. 15; Moore, Lep. Ceyl., Ceylon,

lii., pl. 215, figs. 7, 8. Burma, Java,
tVarnia incerta, W1k., xxxiii., 829. Celebes,

Genus Hercc.ia.

Hereulia, Wik., xix:, 807 (1859).

Cisse, Wlk., xxvii., 125 (1868).

Buzala, Wik., xxvii., 129.

Ocrasa, Wlk., xxxiv., 1212 (1865).

Ineza, Wlk., xxxiv., 1254.

Bejuda, Wik., xxxiv., 1273.

Pseudasopia, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., i., p. 172 (1873).

Orthopygia, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 29.

Dolichomia, Rag., Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 30.

Trichauctenia, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), ix. p. 173
(1891). :

Palpi thickly scaled, the 2nd joint upturned and reaching vertex

of head, the 3rd porrect ; antenne of male minutely ciliated ; the:
patagia of male reaching beyond the metathorax ; tib:e moderately

Herculia igniflualis, § , + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

hairy. Forewing with vein 3 from end of cell ; 4, 5 approximated
for about one-third length ; 7 given off from 8 before 9 ; 10, 11
free. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated
for about one-third length; 6, 7 stalked.

Sect. I. Patagia of male reaching slightly beyond
metathorax.

A, (Ocrasa). Fore femora of male with a tuft of hair
from base.
(1), tHERCULIA ALBIDALIS, ‘WIk., xxxiv., 1212 . Austral'a,
tT Spilodes rhoducryptalis, Wik., xxxiv, 1474.

5

(10). }HERCULIA HELENENSIS, Woolast.,

18 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(2). Hercunra pEcoLoRALIS, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1863, p. 343, pl. 6, fig. 10 ( ¢ )

(3). f-HERcuULIA REPITITA, Butl., A. M. N.
(5); ==, plop

H.

Australia.
Solomons,
Tahiti.

B. Fore femora of male without tuft of hair.

a. (Herculia).

Forewing with the apex not produced

upwards, the outer margin evenly curved.

HERCULIA GLAUCINALIS, Linn., Syst. Nat.,
X., p. 328
Phalena nitidalis, Fabr., Ent. Svat No.3 373
Euclita incalidalis, Hiibn., Veon., p. 347.
+Pyralis yokohame, Butl., A. M. N. H.
(5), iv., p. 452.
(5). fare aie IMBECILIS, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,
p. 264
+ Pyrale éncongrua, Bal
p. 383, pl. 35, fig. 5.
(6). *HERCULIA DATAMES,

(4).

P. Z. S., 1886,

Druce, Biol. Centr.

Am. Het., ii, p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 11.
(7). FHERCULIA TENUIS, Butl., P. Z. S., 1888,
p. 681 ;
mosa,

(8). }HERCULIA RUDIS, aaa Lep. Atk., p. 205
(Oyu.

(9). THERCULIA NANNODES, Baile
p: dL pl. 58, fig. D.

Ill. Het., iii,

A. M.
NES (©), 311;
Asopia hematinalis,
Ges., 1880, p. 295.
(11). -HERCULIA NiGRIVITTA, WIk., xxvii., 125
+ Buzala fuscicosta, Wik., xxvii., 130.
Bejuda costigeralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1273.
Euclita fuscicostalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent.,
XxV1,, p. 122, pl. 6, fig. 4
HERCULIA NOSTRALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,
ps 1227 : : :
Asopia graafialis, Snell., Tijd.
XVI, p: 160, plo x1. fig. 4:
HERCULIA BINODULALIS, Zell., Verh. Z.-B.
Wien, 1872, p. 501.

p. ddl

Saalm., Ber. Senck.

(12).

v. Ent,

(13).

Europe,
Japan.

India,Ceylon,
Java, Cele-
bes, Fiji.

Mexico.

Brazil, Se
Africa, For-

India, Ceylon.

Sikhim.
Japan, China.

Madagascar,
St. Helena.

Burma,
Borneo.

Venezuela.

U8, 5A.

(14).

(15).

(16).

Classification of the Pyralide.

HERCULIA INCARNATALIS, Zell.,

p. 591

Pyralis lucidalis, Dap, Ten me

p. 198, pl. 223, fig. 3.

rie 2 he

viil.,

HERCULIA FULVOCILIALIS, Dup., Lep. Fr.,

viii., p. 375, pl. 236, fig. 6
+HERCULIA THYMETUSALIS,
565 . “ .

WIk., xviii.,

tAsopia devialis, Grate Bull. Bul. ee, ING

Sc., 11., p. 219.

(17). }HeRcuiia COHORTALIS, Grote, Bull. Buff.

Soc. N. Sc., p. 233

(18). -HERCULIA ee Butl., Il. rey,

(19).

p- 72, pl. 58, fig. 10.
+Hercut IA JAPONICA, Warr.,
1891, 1., p. 499

re M. N. EE;

°

(20). Becca INTERMEDIALIS, Wik., Means.
Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), 1, p. 118. :
+ Pyralis sodalis, W\k., Char. Undescr. Hee)

(21).

p. 60.

+ Asupia squamealis, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc.

NoSex 1, pedida.

Henenr our Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 118

Asopia trentonalis, Tad, Wien Ent. Mon.

1863, p. 343, pl. 7, fig. 2.

(22). ae IA PLANALIS, Grote, N. Am. Ent.,

»p-95 (2) .

ee anniculalis, Halets Tr. isc Ent.

Soc., 1886, p. 147.

Asopia occidentalis, Hulst., Tr. Am, Ent.

Soc., 1886, p. 147.

(23). ¢Hercutia HrMonrais, Zell., Verh. Z.-B.

(24).

(26).

(27). tHERCULIA Ai ugeenersic, Sine Ill. ‘Het.,

Wien, xxii., p. 500.

HERCULIA RUBIDALIS, Schiff., Wien Wels

p. 124

Pyralis lucidalis, Hibn. Ber fig. 161.
(25). }HERCULIA ALBOLINEALIS, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

viil., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 10

HERCULIA PERNIGRALIS, Rag., Ann. Soc.

Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 32

viii., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 19

S. Europe.
S. Europe,
Armenia.

UU. Sata

Japan.
Japan.

Whee AS We
Tn lies.

Wes. AC

S.-E. Europe,

Nilgiris.

Ceylon,
Burma.

Nilgiris.

520 Sir George F. Hamyson on the

Type. (28). THERCULIA OCHREICILIA, Hmpsn., II]. Het.,
viil., p. 130, pl. 154, fig. 3 : . Nilgiris.
(29): +Hercouta MARTHALIS, W1k., xvii., 270 . Ceylon,
} Herculia hractealis, Wlk., xix., 808; Borneo.
Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 2.
(50). THERCULIA IGNIFLUALIS, WIk., xvii., 268; Nilgiris, Cey-
Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 10 . lon, Borneo.
+ Pyralis doreasalis, W1k., xvii., 271.
+ ,, healeulis, WIk., xix., 902.
Ascp'a hampsnialis, Snell., T'j'. v. En’.,
xxxvili., p. 110.
(31). fHEKCULIA SUFFUSALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1235 India, Burma.
(32). THERCULIA PELASGALIS, W1k., xvii., 269 . China.
b. (iva). Forewing with the apex produced upwards,
the outer margin recurved at middle.
(33). “HERCULIA PRODUCTALIS, W1k.,xxxiv.,1254 Borneo.
Sect. IT. (Dolichomia). Patagia of male reaching far
beyond metathorax.
(34). fHERCULTA DHaRMSAL#, Butl., Ill. Het., N.-W. Hima-
Vil., p. 92, pl. 134, fig. 13 : . 5 layas.
(35). THERCULIA ruscAtis, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

vill., p. 128, pl. 154, fig. 5 : .' Nilgiris.
(36). FHERCULIA sERICEA, Warr., A. M. N. H.

(6), vil., p. 499 c . Sikhim.
(37). [HERCULIA TABIDALIS, Wares ce M. N. H.

(6), vil., p. 499 ; 5 5 op ern:

(38). ’ ©HERCULIA BISTONALIS, Wl1k., xix., 1002 . Borneo.

Auctorum.

Pyralis cyanealis, Mab., Bull. Soc. Philom.,iii.,143 Madagascar.
Asopia amenalis, Meeschl., Verh. Z.-B, Wien,

1881, p. 418 . 3 : . Surinam.
» cesalis, Zell., Lep. Caffr., p, 22 , . Natal.
» caustica, Meyr, Trans. Ent, Soc., 1884,

p. 282. Australia,

», semnialis, Feld., Rew. Now: oe 136, Ge. 19 Brazil.

» tripartitalis, H. S., Lep. Guay p. 16. . Cuba.

» kacheticalis, Christ., Deutsche Ent. Zeit. Transcau-
Lep., vi., p. 96 : : ; : : casus.

» subregalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., xxxviii.,
paellileeens : : : : : . Java.

» divagalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., xxxviii.,
pelt? he : : : ; : . Java.

Classification of the Pyralide. 521

Genus CaTAcrocis.

Catacrocis, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 107.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint hairy and reaching vertex of
head, the 3rd well developed and naked ; maxillary palpi filiform ;
frons with a tuft of hair; antennae of male simple ; tibiae with a
tuft of hair on outer side at base. Forewing with the costa

Catacrocis lithosialis, 3, 1.

straight ; the apex rectangular ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;
4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 given off from 8 after 9 ;
10 free ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hindwing with vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.
Type. CATACROCIS LITHOSIALIsS, Rag., Ann. Soc, Ent.
Hire Teo p. 1Ou ve é : : 5 . Brazil:

Genus Huryzona.

Euryzona, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 163
(1896).

Palpi upturned and somewhat oblique, reaching beyond the sharp
frontal tuft, the 2nd joint thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi filiform;
antenne of male ciliated, the basal joint dilated ; tibis of male

Euryzona latifascia, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

with the outer spurs short. Forewing with the apex rounded ; the
inner margin lobed near base; vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5
well separated ; 6 from upper angle ; 7from 8 after9 ; 10,11 free.

522 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 well separated ;
6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. +tEuryzona LATIFasciaA, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., viii.,
p. 129, pl. 154, fig. 8 : : : : . W. India.

Genus RHYNCHOPYGIA.

Rhynchopygia, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 163
(1896).

Palpi oblique and thickly scaled, the 3rd joint porrect ; maxil-
lary palpi minute and filiform ; a slight frontal tuft; antenne of
male minutely serrate and fasciculate ; tibie slightly hairy. Fore-

Rhynchopygia purpureorufa, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 7 from
8 after 9. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4,5
from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. *RHYNCHOPYGIA PURPUREORUFA, Hmpsn., Moths
of India, vol. iv., p. 164 . : ‘ : . Ceylon.
Genus TRIPHASSA.

Triphassa, Hibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett., p. 26
(1818).

Palpi oblique, the 2nd joint thickly scaled, the 3rd porrect and
minute ; maxillary palpi filiform; a sharp frontal tuft ; antenne

Triphassa vulsalis, ¢, } (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

of male with a slight process at end of basal joint ; the shaft set
on at an angle and with long cilia; mid tibie fringed with hair.

Classification of the Pyralide. 523

Forewing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ;
7 from 8 before 9 ; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein3 from before
angle of cell ; 4,5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Patagia of male bearing tufts of long scales,
reaching to middle of abdomen.

(1). tT RIPHASSA METAXANTHA, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol, iv., p. 164 2 : . Ceylon.
(2). tTRIPHASSA OCHREALIS, Hmpsn., Ill. Het.,

1X., Dp: 15S, pe lie figs é : . Ceylon.
(3). tTTRIPHASSA VULSALIS, WIk., xviii. 671;

Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., p. 171, fig. 9 . Ceylon.
(4). tTRIPHASSA IMBUTALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1283;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii., pl. 178, fig.9(9) Ceylon.
(5). tT RIPHASSA LUTECILIALIS, Hmpsn., Moths

of India, vol. iv., p. 165 (¢) . : . Ceylon.

Sect. II. Patagia of male not reaching beyond meta-
thorax.
A. Mid tibiz of male moderately fringed with hair.
Type. (6). TripHassA sTALAcHTis, Hiibn., Exot.
Schmett., 26, 75, figs. 149, 150 . oy Se Adrica:
tScopula quttalis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1470.
(7). tT RIPHASSA ALBIALIS, WIk., xviil., 640 » S.Africa:
t+Corgatha vexatalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1176.
Pyralis humeralis, W1k., xxxiv., 1233.
(8). tTRIPHASSA ZEUXOALIS, Wlk., xxvii., 135 . Ceylon.
(9). tT RIPHASSA XYLINALIS, Swinh., P. Z. S., W. India,

1885, p. 865, pl. 57, fig. 17. ; ; Ceylon.
(10). tT rreHassa FLAVIFRONS, Warr., A.M. N. H.
(6), ix., p. 173 : ‘ : , = W.-Africa.

B. Mid tibiz of male fringed with very long hair on
inner side.
(11). tT RIPHAssA BILINEATA, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,
iil., Pp. 00, pl. 215; fig: Et : : . Himalayas,
Comaria unilinealis, Warr., A. M. N. H. Khasis,Ceylon.
(6), xvii, p. 462.
Genus RHYNCHETERA.
Rhynchetera, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 166
(1896).
¢. Palpi porrect. Downcurved at extremity, and extending
rather more than twice the length of head, the 2nd joint fringed

Type.

524 Sir George F. Hampson on the

with hair above and below ; maxillary palpi dilated with hair:
frons with a sharp tuft; antenne serrate and fasciculate ; hind
tibie fringed with long hair, the Ist joint of tarsus with a large
tuft of hair on outer side. Forewing with the apex rectangular ;

a4% ZS
¥:

3
Rhynchetera carnealis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

vein 3 from well before end of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper
angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3
from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper
angle.

Q. With the palpi upturned and naked, the 2nd Joint curved
and reaching far above vertex of head.

*RHYNCHETERA CARNEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol. iv., p. 166 : : : : . <Assem.,

Genus HysoLoma.

Hyboloma, Rag., Ann. Ent: Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 99.
Polycampsis, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvii., p. 457
(1896).

Palpi porrect, extending about four times length of head, curved
downwards and inwards, the 2nd joint fringed with hair below,
the 3rd rounded and fringed above and below ; maxillary palpi

Hyboloma nummosalis, 2, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

large and triangularly scaled ; frons with a sharp tuft ; antenn
of female nearly simple; tibize smoothly scaled. Forewing with
the costa highly arched before middle, excised beyond it, the apex
produced and depressed ; the outer margin excised below apex,

Type.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 525

excurved and somewhat angled at middle; vein 3 from before
angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 free.
Hindwing with the outer margin slightly excised below apex ;
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from
upper angle.

Sect. I. (Polycampsis).—Forewing of male with a glan-
dular swelling at base of costa below.

(1). *HyBo_oma Lonainasts, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), xvil., p.458 . : . : . Assam.

Sect. II. (Hyboloma).—Forewing of male with no glan-
dular swelling at base of costa.

(2). HyrnoLtoma NuMMOoSALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent. Assam,Burma,
Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 99; pl 16,-fig. 3 -. Borneo.

Genus OmPHALOBASIS, nov.

Palpi downcurved, about two-and-a-half times length of head,
the 2nd and 3rd joints thickly fringed with hair above and below ;

Omphalobasis chalybopicta, g, 1.

maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ; frons rounded ; antenne of
male somewhat thickened and flattened ; tibiz fringed with rough
hair. Forewing with the costa arched at base, then straight ; the
apex produced and acute ; the outer margin highly excurved from
below apex to vein 3 ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; male with a glan-
dular swelling at base of costa below, fringed with long hair.
Hindwing with the outer margin nearly straight from apex to
vein 2 ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6, 7 stalked.

OMPHALOBASIS CHALYBOPICTA, Warr., A.M. N. H.
(6), xvil., p. 452 ; ; ; ‘ : . Assam.

526 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Genus LAamMACHA.

Lamacha, W1k., xxvii., 8 (1863).
Diboma, W1k., xxvii., 8.
Methora, W1k., xxxiv., 1517 (1865).

Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about three times length
of head, and fringed with hair above and below ; maxillary palpi
triangularly scaled ; proboscis well developed ; frons with a sharp
tuft; antenne almost simple ; tibie slightly hairy. Forewing
broad, the costa arched at base, then nearly straight, the apex rect-
angular ; the outer margin excurved at middle ; vein 3 from before

Lamacha bilineolata, ¢, 4.

angle of cell; 4, 5 slightly separated at origin ; the discocellulars
highly curved ; 6 from upper angle; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11
free ; male with a glandular swelling at base of costa below; the
retinaculum hairy. Hindwing with veins 2 and 3 from near angle
of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. (1). tLAMACHA BILINEOLATA, WIk., xxvii.,8 . China.
(2). tLAMACHA ABSCISSALIS, WIk., xxvil., 9 . Borneo.
(3). tTLAMACHA TORTRICALIS, WIk., xxxiv., 1518 Java.

Genus LopHopPaLprlA, nov.

Palpi porrect, extending about the length of head, the 2nd joint
fringed with long hair below extending to end of 3rd joint, which

Lophopalpia pauperalis, g, +.

is bent sharply down at an angle ; maxillary palpi filiform ; pro-
bo:cis minute ; frons with a sharp tuft ; antennz of male ciliated ;

Type.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 527

tibiz fringed with hair on outer side ; claspers and anal tuft large.
Forewing with the costa arched at base, then nearly straight ; male
with a glandular swelling at base of costa below fringed with long
hair ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from
upper angle ; 7, 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from
near angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 shortly stalked.

LopHOPALPIA PAUPERALIS, Leech, Entom., xxii., Japan, Pulo
1889) p40, pl ivf. IP. : ‘ , : Laut.

Genus OMPHALOCERA.

Omphalocera, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 339.
Omphalomia, Swinh., A. M. N. H. (6), xiv., p. 140
(1894).

Proboscis well-developed ; palpi porrect, downcurved, thickly
scaled and extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi
filiform ; frons with a sharp tuft ; antenne thickened; tibize
slightly hairy ; abdomen with dorsal tufts. Forewing broad, the

Omphalocera accersita, 2, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

costa arched near base and towards apex which is rounded ; male
with a glandular fold fringed with long hair at base of costa below ;
vein 3 from before angie of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper
angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3
from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Sect. I. (Omphalocera).—Antennz of male with a sinus
near base of shaft enclosing a vesicular tuft of

scales.
(1). OmMpHALOCERA cCartosA, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1863, p. 339; plo; fie, 12). UL SAe
(2). TOMPHALOCERA DENTOSA, Grote, Bull. U. 8.
Geol. Surv., vi.,p. 272 (@) . : . UsSeAe

Sect. II. (Omphalonia).—Antenne of male with no sinus
and tuft.

528 Sir George IF’. Hampson on the

(3). TOMPHALOCERA ACCERSITA, Swinh., A.M. N.-E. and W.
N. Hy (6) $xivip. 1140 : . - India.

(4). “OMPHALOCERA CANOSPARSALIS, Hmpsn.,
Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 168(¢) . Burma.

Genus ToccoLosiDA.

Toccolosida, W\k., xxvu., 14 (1863).

Differs from Sacada in the palpi being smoothly scaled ; the
frons rounded ; the antennz minutely fasciculate and without the
tuft on basal joint ; male with a tuft of long hair arising from

Ae

Toccolosida rubriceps, 4, 1 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

below the patagia ; tibize and tarsi very slightly fringed with
hair, the spurs minute. Forewing narrow, the outer margin with
? t=} ’ io
traces of angulation at vein 4. Hindwing with veins 3, 4 appro-
> to} ? i p
ximated towards origin.
al 7 ee .
Type. +TOCCOLOSIDA RUBRICEPS, W1k., xxvii., 14 . . N.-E. India,
Borneo.

Auctorum.
Toccolosida bilinealis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., 35,
p. 154; and Jarb. Nass., 47, pl. 1, fig.6 . - Java.

Genus SacaDa.

Sacada, Wlk., Journ. Linn, Soe., vi., p. 136 (1862).
Sybrida, Wlk., xxxu., 465 (1865).
Paravetta, Moore, P. Z. 8., 1865, p. 814.
Danaka, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 71 (1879).

Xestula, Snell., Rom. Mem., ii., p. 195 (1885).

Palpi porrect fringed with long hair below and hardly reaching
beyond the sharp frontal tuft ; maxillary palpi filiform, antennze
with a tuft of hair from basal joint; tibie and proximal joints
of hind tarsi fringed with long hair; male with a tuft of long
hair from thorax below base of forewing. Forewiag long and

Classification of the Pyralide. 529

narrow, the apex somewhat produced and the onter margin oblique ;
veins 4, 5 usually stalked ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hind-

inh

Sacada discinota, g, 1+ (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

wing ample ; veins 4, 5, usually on a short stalk ; 6, 7, from upper
angle.

Sect. I. Antenne of male bipectinate with long branches
to three-fourths length.

A. (Sacada). Forewing cof moderate breadth, the outer
margin evenly curved; female with veins 4, 5 of
each wing approximated at base.

(1). #SACADA INORDINATA, W1k., xxxii.. 466 . Japan, Sik-
Datanoides approximans, Leech, P. Z. &., him,
1888, p. 636, pl. 32, fig. 4.
(2). #SACADA FASCIATA, Butl., E. M.M., xiv.,207 Amur, Japan.
Xestula miraculosa, Snell., Rom. Mem., ii.,
pi l95;, ‘plin:
Type. (3). ig ACADA DECORA, WIk., Journ. Linn. Soc.,
, p. 136 ; : : . Borneo.
(4). * oSacs ADA UNILINEALIS, Heat “Moths of
India, vol. iv., p. 170 5 : . Sikhim.

B. (Paravetta). Forewing narrow.

a. Forewing with the outer margin very slightly
angled at vein 4.

(5). TSACADA DISCINOTA, Moore, P, Z. S., 1867,
p. 814, pl. 43, fig. 3. A : 2 . N.-E. India.
(6). SACADACONSTRICTALIS,Rag., Ann. Ent.Soc. Assam, Cey-
Fr., 1891, p. 75, and 1890, pl. viii., fig. 10 lon.
(7). }SAcADA PALLESCENS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol.iv., p17 : . H.Himalayas.
(8). SACADA FLEXUOSA, Snell., Trans. Ent. ‘Bock N.-E. India
1890; p. 558 . : - Burma.

Sylade inflammealis, aes inte Ent, Soc.
Fr., 1891, p. 75, and 1890, pl. viii., fig. 9.

530 Sir George I’. Hampson on the

b. Forewing with the outer margin more produced
and angled at vein 4.

(9). TSAcADA SIKKIMA, Moore, Lep. Atk., p.70 Sikhim.

Sect. II. (Danaka).—Antenne of male serrate and fasci-
culate ; forewing narrow with the outer margin
evenly curved.

(10). SAcADA PYRALIFORMIS, Moore, Lep. Atk.,

p. @1, pl. 3; fg. 10. : : : . E.Himalayas.
(11). -Sacapa RUFINA, Hmpsn., Moths of India,
vol. av, ps 1@2. : : : ; . Bombay.

Auctorum.
Sybrida ragonotalis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., xxxv.,
p. 153; and Jarb. Nass., 47, pl. 1, fig. 9. Java.

Genus PARACTENIA.

Paractenia, Reg., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 642.

Differs from Bosira in veins 4, 5 of each wing being approxi-

Paractenia quisqualis, @, < (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).
mated for about one-third length, or forewing with 4, 5
stalked.

Sect. I. Forewing with veins 4, 5 approximated.
A. Antenne of male bipectinated for two-thirds

length.
(1). }PARACTENIA RUBICUNDALIS, Swinh., P.Z.S.,
1885, p. 864. : 2 Wi. India:
(2). PPARACTENIA QUISQUALIS, Syoiby Pe Z. Sh
1885, p. 865, pl. 57, fig. 11. 5 . Bombay.

B. Antenne of male ciliated.
(3), PARACTENIA ALLUTALIS, Zell., Lep. Caffr.,
p. 18 . on a, aes . - S. Africa.
Stemmatophora mucidalis, Guen., Delt. and
Pyr., p. 130.

Classification of the Pyralide. 531

+ Aglossa harpyialis, W1k., xvii., 276.
tScopula cleoalis, W1k., xviii., 789.
+ Nephopteryx rubiginalis, Wik., xxvii., 62.
(4). *“PARACTENIA RUPTILINEALIS, Warr., A. M.
N. H. (6), xvi., p. 466(9) . : . Assam.
(5). *PARACTENIA DECETIALIS, Druce, Biol.Centr.
Am. Het., ii., p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 12 (9). Mexico.

Sect. IT. Forewing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(6). PaRACTENIA SEMIOCHREA, Warr., A. M.

ING E16) evi, ps4GG 2h ; . Assam,
(7). “PARACTENIA PELLUCIDALIS, Warr., A. M.

N. H. (6), xvii., p. 460 ‘ Assam.

Genus Prosaris.
Prosaris, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1894, p. 12.

Palpi curved downwards, more than twice the length of head
and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi dilated and well developed ; a
sharp frontal tuft ; proboscis small; antenn®# of male with long
cilia ; tibia and proximal joints of tarsi fringed with hair ; fore
femora with a tuft of hair below. Forewing somewhat narrow,

the apex produced and the outer margin oblique ; veins 4, 5 well
separated at origin ; 7 from 8 before 9. Hindwing with vein 3
from near angle of cell; 4,5 well separated at origin ; 6, 7 from
upper angle; male with a tuft of long scales on middle of vein 1c.
on upper side, and a bladder-like swelling at base of vein 8
below.
Type. PRosaris PERNIGRALIS, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., N.-E. India,
1894, p.12 . : : . . 5 Burma,

Genus T'REBANIA.

Trebania, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 645.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi with the 2nd joint slightly
curved upwards, the 3rd rostriform, downcurved, about three times

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND., 1896.—ParT Iv. (DEC.) 36

Type.

532 Sir George F. Hampson on the

the length of head and with a thick fringe of downcurved iri-
descent hair springing from a groove on inuer side; maxillary
palpi filiform ; frous rounded ; antenne of female nearly simple ;

Trebania muricolor, @, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

tibiz moderately hairy. Forewing short and broad; vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4,5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle; 7 from
8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle
of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 shortly stalked.
(1). -TREBANIA MURICOLOR, Hmpsn., Moths of
India, vol.iv., p. 174 . ; . . N.-E. India.
(2). *TREBANIA FLAVIFRONTALIS, Leech, Entom.,
1889, p. 108, pl. v., fig. 6 : Pi . China.

Genus XENOMILIA.

Xenomine, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvu., p. 408
(1896).

Palpi downcurved extending about twice the length of head and
fringed with scales above and below; maxillary palpi filiform ;
frons with sharp tuft ; antennz laminate, with the basal joint long ;
tibiz smoothly scaled. Forewing of male with the costa very
strongly lobed at base, then nearly straight, the apex produced and

Xenomilia humeralis, @, 4.

acute, the outer margin strongly falcate at vein 3; of female with
the costa and outer margin evenly curved ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; the discocellulars highly angled ;
§, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 being given off nearer the apex than 9; 10, 11

Classification of the Pyralide. 533

free. Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4,5 from
angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. XENOMILIA HUMERALIS, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6),
xvil., p. 459. . - - 2 . Assam.

Genus HETEROCRASA.
Heterocrasa, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), xvii., p. 459 (1896).

¢. Palpi downcurved, extending about three times length of
head and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi minute; frons with a
sharp tuft; antenne of female almost simple ; tibise and tarsi

ay

Heterocrasa expansalis, 2, 4.

moderately scaled ; vein 3 from below angle of cell; 4, 5 from
angle ; 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 being given off just beyond 9; 10, 11
free. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5
separate ; 6, 7 stalked.

Type. HETEROCRASA EXPANSALIS, Warr., A. M.N. H.

(6), xvil., p.459 : . Assam,

Genus Bostra. -

Bostra, Wik., xxvil., 123 (1863).
Phasga, Wik., xxvii., 127.
Scotomera, Butl., P. Z. 8., 1881, p. 622.
Megalomia, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 35.
Comaria, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 689.
Paredra, Snell., Midd. Sum,, iv. (1), 8, p. 60 (1892).
Scotomerodes, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1895, p.
XCVil.
Stygiochroa, Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1895, p. clxxi.
Palpi porrect, downcurved at extremity, and thickly clothed
with hair ; maxillary palpi filiform ; a sharp frontal tuft usually
present ; antenne of male serrate amd fasciculate ; tibia moder-

534. Sir George F. Hampson on the

ately hairy. Forewing usually short and broad; veins 3 and 5
from close to angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle; 7 from 8 before 9 ;

Bostra vibicalis, g, 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5
from angle ; 6, 7from upper angle.

Sect. I. Antenne of male strongly serrated; forewing
narrow.
(1). Bostra IMPERATRIX, Warr., A. M. N. H.
(6), xvil., p. 462 é : N.-E. India.
(2). tBostra PALLIDICosTA, Hmpsn., I]. Het.,ix., Sikhim,
p. 158, pli1 72, fie li : ‘ : Ceylon.

Sect. II. Antenne of male with the serrations minute.

A. Forewing narrow.
(3). Bosrra susustTatis, Led., Verh. Zool. Bot. N.-W. Hima-
Ges. Wien, 1855, p. 213, pl. 3,fig.10 . layas,

B. Forewing broad.

a (Bostra). Patagia of male not extending beyond
metathorax.

a, Frons with a sharp tuft.

(4). tBosrra Marcinara, WIk., xxxiii., 991 . Japan, India,
tPaleca rufescens, Butl., A. M. N. H. (5), iv., Sumatra,
p. 354. Borneo.
Pyralis assamica, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205,
plivg he.
Paredra eogenalis, Snell., Tidj. v. Ent.,
xxvi., p. 120, pl.'6; figs. 1, Ta.
(5). Bosrra vipicaiis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., India, Ceylon,
1863, p. 338, pl. 7, fig. 4 : : P Burma.
tPyralis roborealis, Swinh., P. Z. 8., 1885,
p. 865, pl. 57, fig. 1.
+Euclita fortis, Butl., Il. Het., vii., p. 92,
pl. 134, fig. 14.

Classification of the Pyralide.

+Stemmatophora foliata, Swinh., P. Z.S.,
1887, p. 418, pl. 44, fig. 5.
(6). tBosrra saLMo, Hmpsn., Ill. Het., viii.,
p. 128, pl. 154, fig. 18 (2); éd., ix., p. 157,
pl. 171, fig. 6 (g)
(7). tBosrra astiGMA, Hmpsn.
p; 157, pk 11, fig: 12
(8). +BosTRa DENTICULATA, Swinh., Trans
Soc., 1890, p. 290, pl. 8, fig. 7 :
+Stemmatophora duplicata, Warr., A.M. N. H.
(6), vii., p. 437.
(9). Bosrra 1GNeusta, Swinh., A. M. N. H. (6),
xvi., p. 300.
(10). tBosTRA NOCTUITES,
1875, ii., p. 411
(11). tBostRA ALBILINEATA, Warr., A.
(6), vii., p. 437

(12). tBostrra

, Il. Het., ix.,

Butl., A. M. N. H,

WIk., xxvii., 123;
Hmpsn., Ill. Het., ix., pl. 172, fig. 19
(13). Bostra GNipusaLis, WIk., xvii, 278 :
+Scotomera tristis, Butl., P. Z.S., 1881, p. 623
(14). +Bosrra BALUX, Swinh., P.Z.S., 1884, p. ays
pl. 47, fig. 14 .
(15). tBostra arpa, Butl.,
p. 621
(16). +BosTRa DIFFUSALIS, W
(17). tBostRa MELANTHALIS, WIk., xvil., 271

PZ Se 168i,

1k., xxvii., 127

539

S. India,
Ceylon.
Ceylon.

Burma.

Khasis.

S. Africa.

Natal.

Ceylon.

N.-W. India,
Ceylon.

Sind.

Sind.

Borneo.
Borneo.

b. (Comaria). Frons smooth and rounded.

a2. Antenne of male normal.

(18). tBosrra cAsTANOPTERA, Moore, Lep. Ceyl.,
iii., p. 260, pl. 178, fig. 7

Ceylon.

b?. Antenne of male with the basal joint very long,
the shaft with long cilia, contorted, and with two

teeth at middle.

(19). Bosrra SUBVIRIDESCENS, Warr., As Ne
N. H. (6), xvi., p. 466

(20). Bosrra rascratis, Warr., A. MON, 2H
(6), xvi., p. 465 :

Assam.

N.-E. India.

b. (Megalomia). Patagia of male extending far
beyond metathorax, with large tufts of hair below

them.

536 Sir George F. Hampson on the

a', Mid tibize and first joint of tarsi smooth.

(21). *Bostra CARNEALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of India,
vol. iv., p. 179 : : ° ‘ - Burma.

b'. Mid tibiz and first joint of tarsi in male fringed
on inner side with long hair.

(22). tBosTRA ANGULIFASCIA, Moore, Lep. Atk.,
P2006) aout se P ee Se: « Sikhim.

Auctorum,

Arippara indicator, Wik., Journ. Linn. Soc., vii.,

p. 74 ‘ ‘ 2 .. Borneo.
Stemmatophora bilinear, Cram: ePan Heomay:

p. 138, pl. 360, fig. 1.
Stemmatophora meridionalis, Moeschl., Sahar

1Vs, Pu ze, ple 18, figs 27 3 . Surinam.
Stemmbaiopnons vetustalts, Zell. sep: Caftr., ps Lv, Si actrica:
Stemmatophora exustalis, She Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 130; pl.10, fe 1. é S. Africa.
Stemmatophora lateritialis, Guen., “Delt. ae Pyn
p. 130 : E : 8. Africa.

Stemmatophora leonalis, perth: ‘Bull. Soc. Ent.
Fr., 1887, p. 76 ; and Et. Ent., xii., pl. vi., fig.

Somes wl , . Algeria.
Stemmatophora Fra acticor atta Sriell. Tijd. v. Ent,

1894, p.6 . : . Java.
Stemmatophora Nuluecut aly. Be! fone Ent. Soe.

Fr:, 1891, ps 87 : : ‘ : . Algeria.
Stemmatophora tacapealis, eee Ann. Ent. Soc.

Fr., 1891, p. 88 : ; A , P oy ums?
Stemmatophora cesarealis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc.

Fr., 1891, p. 88 : ‘ . Armenia.
Se signianedes syriacalis, Rag., ‘Ai Ent. see oan

1895: pyxevil.’ « Syria.

Aporodes austautalis, Oberths Et. Ent. j V1 D2 93,
pl. Mi. fig-ai); Qsiigiocuraa) Rag., shige Ent.
Soc. Fr., 1895, p.clxxi. . : : qi . Algeria.

Genus ZirHa.

Zitha, Wik., xxxiv., 1264 (1865).
Angenora, Rag., Ann, Ent. Soc. Fr. 7890). 80.
Oryctrocera, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 189ij.p. ols

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 537

Palpi porrect, downcurved at extremity, thickly scaled and
extending about the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute and
filiform ; proboscis minute ; frons with a tuft of hair ; antenney of
male minutely ciliated; tibie hairy. Forewing with the costa

Zitha ignalis, g, 4.

arched towards apex which is rounded; vein 3 from close to angle
of cell ; 4, 5 well separated at origin ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 from
8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from close to
angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper angle.
(1). ZITHA IGNALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,
py 29 : : :
TZitha punicealis, Wik., xxxiv., 1264.
(2). ZITuA LAMINALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,
p. 129 : : : :
f+ Aglossa rufiflualis, W1k., xxxiv., 1249.
Oryctrocera aurocupralis, Rag., Aun, Ent.
Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 52.
(3). SZITHA SUBCUPRALIS, Zell., Lep. Caffr., p.20 Natal.
Angenora actenialis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe.
Fr., 1890, p. 80.

S. Africa.

S. Africa.

Genus Dinoxta.
Diloeia, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv., p. 179
(1896).
Palpi rostriform, downcurved at extremity and reaching well
beyond the frons which is rounded; maxillary pulpi minute ;

Diloxia fimbriata, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

antenne of male with long bristles and cilia; build slight ; legs
long and slender, the tibizw smooth, the spurs long. Forewing

Type.

Type.

538 Sir George F. Hampson on the
broad ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 7 from
8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle
of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.
+ DILOXIA FIMBRIATA, Hmpsn., Moths of India,
vol. iv., p. 180 : 2 : - : . Nilgiris,

Genus PropacuHys.
Propachys, Wlk., xxvii., 6 (1868).
Palpi porrect and curving downwards ; the end of the 2nd and
ord joints tufted with long curved hair forming a cavity in male,
in female longer and slightly fringed with hair; maxillary palpi

minute and filiform ; proboscis well developed; frons rounded ;
antenne of male minutely ciliated ; male with a tuft of long hair

(i4in

Propachys nigrivena, 3, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

from below the patagia ; tibiz and 1st tarsal joints fringed with hair.
Forewing with the apex rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of
cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing
with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7
stalked.
| PROPACHYS NIGRIVENA, WIk., xxvii.,7 . . China, N.-E.
India.

Genus SINrRIS,

Sindris, Boisd., Faun. Madag., p. 122 (1833),

Episindris, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. F repel Ody pelos

Proboscis well developed ; maxillary palpi long and dilated with
scales ; frons hairy ; antennze of male bipectinate to three-fourths

Sindris sganzini, g, 1.
length ; tibie fringed with hair; male with the anal tuft and
claspers large. Forewing with the costaarched ; the apex rounded ;

Classification of the Pyralide. 539

vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ;

7 given off from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein

3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 and 6, 7 shortly stalked.

Sect. I. (Sindris)—Palpi upturned, smooth, widely
separated and extending well in front of frons,
the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long
and acuminate.

Type. (1). Srypris sGanztnr, Boisd., Faun. Madag., Delagoa Bay,
p. 122, pl. 16, fig. 10 . : : . Madagascar.

Sect. II. Palpi of male as in Sect. I.; of female straight

and porrect, extending about three times length of
head.

(2). SINDRIS CERVINALIS, n. sp.

Head whitish, collar orange fulvous, thorax grey, abdomen
yellow. Forewing uniform grey brown. MHindwing fulvous
yellow, cilia of both wings whitish.

Hab. Accra, W. Africa, Exp. 6 24, 2 38 mm.
Sect. III. (Hpisindris).—Palpi of both sexes as in female

of Sect. II.
(3). SINDRIS ALBIMACULALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent. E,.and W.
soc; Pr., 1891, p. his: - : ‘ Africa,

Genus Mapeta,

Mapeta, W\k., xxvii., 17 (1863).
Homalochroa, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 332,

Palpi porrect, slender, curved downwards and extending about
twice the length of head, maxillary palpi filiform ; proboscis well
developed ; frons rounded ; antenne simple ; tibiz smoothly scaled,

4

Mapeta xanthomelalis, %, 1.

the outer spurs about half the length of inner. Forewing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle ; 6 from upper

540 Sir George F. Hampson on the

angle; 7 from 8 after 9; 10,11 free. Windwing with vein 3 from
before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle ; 6, 7 stalked.

+MAPETA XANTHOMELAS, WIk., xxvii.. 17. . W. Indies,
Homalochroa estivalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., S. America.
1863, p. 332, pl. 6, fig. 3.

Genus OryYBINA.

Oryba, Wlk., xxvii., 10 (1863), preoce.
Orybina, Snell., Tid. v. Ent., 1894, p. 5.

Palpi of male rostriform, about twice the length of head ; the
drd joint triangularly scaled, hollowed out inside, and with the
apex very acute ; in female more slender and three to four times
the length of head ; maxillary palpi minute in male, filiform and
upturned in female ; frons smooth; antennz of male minutely

Orybina flaviplaga, 3, 4.

ciliated ; tibize moderately hairy. Forewing with the costa arched
near base and apex, and slightly excised at middle, the apex pro-
duced, the outer margin e.cised below apex, then excurved, and
oblique towards outer angle; vein 3 from close to angle of cell;
4, 5 from angle; the discocellulars arising from the subcostal
nervure at origin of vein 11, so that veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are stalked.
Hindwing with vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ;
6, 7 shortly stalked ; the costa excised at middle in male.

Type. (1). tORYBINA FLAVIPLAGA; WIk., xxvii., 11. . Himalayas,

(2). tORYBINA PLANGONALIS, WI1k., xviii., 790. Burma.
Oryba conspicualis, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc.,
1890, p. 562, pl. 20, fig. 3 5 , . Sikhim.

(3). *ORYBINA REGALIS, Leech, Entom., xxii.,
1889; p. 71, pl. iv., fig. 9: : : . Japan.

Classification of the Pyralide. 541

Genus ProreInia.

Proteinia, Hmpsn., Moths of India, vol. iv, p. 182
(1896).

?. Palpi porrect, slender, projecting about two and a-half times
length of head, the 3rd joint about half the length of 2nd ; maxil-
lary palpi minute ; frons rounded ; antennw nearly simple ; tibie
smooth. Forewing with the outer margin slightly angled at veins

Proteinia pallifrons, @, 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

6 and 4, then excised to outer angle; veins 3, 4,5 from angle of cell;
6 from upper angle ; 7 from8 after 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with
the outer margin slightly angled at vein 4; veins 3, 4,5 from angle
of cell; 6, from upper angle.

Type. PrRoreINtA PALLIFRONS, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc.,
; 1890, p. 560 LD Aor is iSilaim:

Genus LorymMa.

Loryma, W1k., xix., 890 (1859).

Perva, Wik., Journ. Linn. Soc., vil., p. 61 (1863).
Tauba, Wlik., xxxv., 1766 (1866).

Ulotrichodes, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 58.

Palpi porrect and straight; the 2nd joint thickly scaled, and with
a long sharp tuft of hair from extremity below, extending as faras

Loryma recusata, 4, 3 (from Moths Ind, vol. iv.).

the 3rd joint ; maxillary palpi filiform; antennz of male fasciculate
with a sharp tuft of hair curved forward from basal joint, the shaft

542 Sir George F. Hampson on the

set on at an angle ; tibie fringed with hair, the spurs long. Fore-
wing long and narrow, with the costa nearly straight ; the outer
margin very obliquely curved ; vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5
approximated for one-third length ; 6 from upper angle; 7 given
off from 8 before 9. Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell ;
4, 5 approximated for nearly half their length ; the discocellular
highly angled ; veins 6, 7 from upper angle.

Type. (1). thoryMa sENTIUSALIS, WIk., xix., 891 . E.&W.Africa.
Ulotrichodes monotenialis, Rag., Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 58.
(2). tLORYMA ALTHALIALIS, WIk.,, xvii., 258 . S. Africa.
Asopia cultralis, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., 1872,
p..oo, pl.w, fig. 5:
(3). LoryMa rEcusATA,WIk., Journ. Linn. Soc., India, Ceylon,
Vii., p. 62

: 3 5 - Borneo.
Tauba venosella, Wik., xxxv., 1767.

Genus TRETOPTERYX.

Tretopteryx. Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 95.

Palpi porrect and downcurved, extending about the length of
head and clothed with very long hair; proboscis well developed ;
maxillary palpi clothed with long hair; frons hairy ; antenne of
male with fascicles of long cilia ; tibize hairy ; abdomen long.

Forewing with the costa straight ; the apex rounded ; vein 3 from
before angle of cell; 4, 5 well separated at origin; 6 shortly
stalked with 7, 8, 9; 10,11 free. Hindwing with vein 3 from

before anglerof cell; 4,5 well separated at origin ; 6,7 from upper
angle.

Type. TRETOPTERYX PERTUSALIS, Hiibn., Zutr.,p.763 . EE. Europe,
Cledeobia weissenbornii, Frr., p. 478. W. Asia.
+Cledeobia vitreosa, Warr., A. M. N. H., 1891,

p. 436.

Classification of the Pyralide. 543

Genus ConsTANTIA,

Constantia, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. cxxxvil.
Dattinia, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. exxxvi.
Zonora, Swinh., P. Z. 8., 1889, p. 419.

Mnesixena, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1899, p. 472.
Palura, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 61.
Palmitia, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 78.
Hercynodes, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1895, p. xxi.

Proboscis absent ; palpi porrect and downcurved, about the
length of head and thickly scaled, the 3rd joint minute ; maxillary
palpi thickly scaled ; antennz with the basal joint thickly tufted
with scales in front ; mid and hind tibizw of male with the outer
spurs short. Forewing with the costa nearly straight ; the inner

Constantia opiparalis, g,4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

and outer margins forming a nearly even curve; vein 3 from
before angle of cell; 5 fromabove angle ; 6 from upper angle; 10,
11 free. Hindwing with the discocellulars highly angled ; vein 3
from before angle of cell ; 5 from slightly above angle ; 6, 7 from
upper angle.

Sect. I. (Dattinia).—Antenne of male ciliated, forewing

with vein 7 from 8 after 9.

(1). CoNSTANTIA PROXIMALIS, Christ., Hor. Ent.
Ross., xvii., p. 116 ; and Rom. Mem., iii.,
pl.. 1, fig. 7.
tHyportia INGRATA, Butl., P. Z.S., 1881, Armenia,
p. 621 : : : . Persia, C.
+Hypotia rubella, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1884, Asia, Sind.
p. 523, pl. 48, fig. 9.
(2). CONSTANTIA CONCATENALIS, Led., Wien E. Europe,
Ent. Mon., 1858, p. 145, pl. 3, fig. 3 ; Syria.
(3). CONSTANTIA STAUDINGERIALIS, Rag., Ann,
Ent. Soe, Fr., 1891 : : : . Algeria.

544 Sir George F. Hampson on the

(4). CONSTANTIA SYRTALTS, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent.
Fr., 1887, p. 137 ; and 1890, pl. 8, fig. 4. Tunis, Egypt.
Mnesixena bella, Beth.-Baker, Trans. Ent.
Soc., 1894, pl. 1, fig. 14.

Sect. Il. Antennze of male bipectinate, with short
branches to two-thirds length.

A, (Constantia). Forewing with vein 7 given off after
9, or from the same point as it.

Type. (5). COoNsTANnria CoLcHIcaLis, H.S., vi., p. 148; E. Europe,

Pyrifigt36". . ; : W. Asia.
(6). tCONSTANTIA OPIPARALIS, Swink, PIZZAS
1889, p. 419, pl. 44, fig. 11. . . Sind.
B. (Palura). Forewing with vein 7 given off from 8
before 9.
a. Forewing with vein 4 widely separated from 5 at
origin.
(7). CONSTANTIA SPECIOSALIS, Christ., Rom.
Mem., at:, p. 141plevi feat > . ©. Asia.
(8). Cana MASSILIALIS, Dup. vili., 230, C. Europe,
5, p. 394. : s Armenia.

(9). + CONSTANTIA BOLIN ALIS, Wk. , XVil. 266 (2) 8. Africa.
tScopula semirosealis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1467.
Hypotia achatina, Feld., Rem Nove pl. 134,
fig. 29.
(10). tConsTANTIA VULGARIS, Butl., P. Z.S., 1881, Aden, Persia,
Paps i.e pee ee eee pee : Sind.
b. Forewing with vein 4 stalked with 5 in male,
approximated to it in female.
(11). tCoNSTANTIA EREMIALIS, Swinh., P. Z. S.,
1889, p. 422 . - B . Aden, Sind.

Sect. III. Antenne of male bipectinate, with long
branches to apex.

(12), CONSTANTIA LEUCOGRAPHALIS, Rag., ?ined. Spain.

Auctorum.

Constantia pectinalis, H. S., fig. 50 : 5 . Corsica,Sicily.
Dattinia infulvalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1858,
p: 146; pl. 3; fig.96 : ° . 5 . Syria.

Type.

Classification of the Pyralide. 545

Dattinia subochralis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr.,

1891, p. 60 ; : ; , . Algeria,
Hercynodes miegi, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe. Fr., aes

p- Xxlil, Spain.
Tiypetia cubes Erschoff, Teo: ack eg D: 73,

pl. 5, fig. 10 , , Turkestan.
Hapeta bilinea, Bethune- Baker ivan: Ent. Si

1894, p. 46, pl. 1, fig. 15 4 Egypt.

Hypotia guttosalis, Christ., Deutsche Tee ert
ep vi. p96. : ; A - » ©) Asia

Genus ACTENIA.

Actenia, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 134 (1854).
Inbora, Rag. isa Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 89.
Elicia, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p- 644,

Proboscis minute ; palpi porrect and downcurved, extending
about twice the length of head, the 2nd joint clothed with hair ;
maxillary palpi long and triangularly scaled ; frons with a sharp
tuft ; antenne of male with two pairs of bristles on each joint ;

Actenia honestalis, 3, +.

tibia nearly smoothly scaled. Forewing with the costa nearly
straight ; vein 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from upper
angle ; 7 from 8 before 9; 10, 11 free. Hindwing with vein 3
from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

(1). ACTENIA HONESTALIS, Tr.) Schmett. Eur., C. & E. Ku-
Vil, Ds 40) X., 0,0 « : ° : . rope,Armenia.
(2). ACTENIA BRUNNEALIS, Tr. Schmett. Eur.,
vii., p. 48 5 3 A 5 - - 8S. Europe.
Pyralis comparalis, Hibn., Pyr., fig. 126.
(3), ACTENIA MALGASSALIS, Saal., Senck. Nat.
Ges., 1880, p. 298 . : : - « Madagascar.
(4). ACTENIA GADESALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc,
Hrs 1Ss2; palxv, Geo wie) i. >. Spal,

546 Sir George I’. Hampson on the

Auctorum.
Actenia borgialis, Dup., Lep. Fr., viii., p. 302,
pl. 230, fig.4 . ; . 8S. Europe.
Actenia byzacenicalis, Rag., ‘Bull. "Soe! Ent. Er,
1887, p. 138; and 1891, pl. 16, fig. 7 4 - Tunis.

Genus CLEDEOBIA.

Cledeobia, Steph., Cat. Brit. Ins., ii., p. 159 (1829).
Synaphe, Hiibn., Verz., p.347 (1827) non descr.

Proboscis small ; palpi porrect and downcurved, extending about
three times length of head, and thickly clothed with hair; maxil-
lary palpi long and triangularly scaled ; frons with a tuft of hair ;

aye

nok, Od

EEE Kae

Cledeobia bombycalis, 3, }.

tibiz nearly smoothly scaled. Forewing long and narrow, the
costa nearly straight ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4, 5 well-
separated at origin ; 6 from upperangle ; 7 from 8 before 9. Hind-
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4, 5 well separated at
origin ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Sect. I. Antenne of male bipectinated.

(1). CLEDEoBIA BoMBYCALIS, Schiff., Wien 8S. Europe,
Verz., p.120 . . . : Armenia.
Bowntye austriaca, Esp. iii., pl. 86, fig. 2)
Cledeobia provincialis, Den: .Wuep. Er., Vill:,
p. 74, pl. 214, fig. 3.
Cledeobia castillalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 143.
(2). CLEDEOBIA MOLDAVICA, Esp., iii., pl. 86,
fig. 1 . : . 8S. Europe.

Pyralis netricalis, Hibn. Eye fe. 158.

Cledeobia grecalis, Dap Lep. Fr., viii.,
p. 76, pl..214, fig. 1.

Cledeobia palermitalis,Guen., Delt.and Pyr.,
p. 141, pl. 7, fig. 3.,

Classification of the Pyralide.

Cledeobia aberralis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,

p. 141.
Cledeobia diffidalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,
p. 142.
(3). CLEDEOBIA CONSESSORALIS, Ersch., Lep.
Turk., p. 72, pli 5} figs. &7,-18 : ;
(4). CLEDEOBIA CONSECRATALIS, Led., Verh.
Z. B. Wien, 1855, p. 250, pl. 3 :
(5). CLEDEOBIA UxORIALIS, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1858, p. 146, pl. 3
(6). Sma ISTHMICALIS, Led., Wien Ent.
Mon., 1858, pl. 3, fig. 9 . : ‘
(7). CLEDEOBIA TURANICALIS, Rag., Ann, Ent.

Soc: Hr., (8915 p293

547

Turkestan,
Armenia.
Syria.
Syria.

Persia.

Sect. II. Antenne of male, with two pairs of bristles from

each joint.

(8). CLEDEOBIA ARMENIALIS, Led., Ann. Soc.
Ent. Belge., 1870, p. 51, pl. 11, figs. 7, 8 Armenia.
(9). CLEDEOBIA CONNECTALIS, Hiibn., Pyr.,
fig. 91 : S. Europe.
Pyralis luridalis, ¥. R. Ds 267, ai 90, ie 3.
Cledeobia lorquinalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyr.,
p. 138.
Cledeobia subolivalis, Oberth., Bull. Soe.
Ent. Fr., 6 (vii.), p. 76.
Type. (10). CLEDEOBIA ANGUSTALIS, Schiff., Wien
Verz., p. 120 . . : ; Europe.
Phalena erigalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., No. 408.
Phalena curtalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., No. 409.
Crambus erigatus, Fabr., Suppl, 469.
(11). CLEpEoBIA MORBIDALIS, Guen., Luc. Exp. Algeria, Mau-
Alg., p. 398, pl. 4, fig. 5 : ‘ : ritius,
(12). CLEpEoBIA BERYTALIS, Rag., Ann. Ent.
Soc. Fr., 1888, p: 276, pl. 6, fig. 1 . Syria.
Auctorum.
Cledeobia interjunctalis, Guen., Luc. ae Fat
p. 398 5 Algeria.
Cledeobia oculatalis, Bae Bull. teu: Ent. Fr., Spain,
1885, p. 201 ; and 1888, pl. 6, figs. 7 and 8 Algeria.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—Pakr Iv. (DEC.) 30

ra

548 Sir George F. Hampson on the

Cledeobia draconalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe. Pap:

1891, p. 94. Borneo.
Cledeobia bleusei, Obertttt Et. Ent,, xil., p. d4,
pl. vi.; figs 38" 5 : ; ; : : . Algeria.
Genus TynpIs.
Tyndis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1891, p. 83.

Actenioides, Warr., A. M. N. H. (6), ix., p. 173 (1893).
Palpi porrect, straight and reaching well beyond the frons, the
2nd joint clothed with hair, the 3rd small ; maxillary palpi minute
and filiform; antenne of male with fascicles of cilia, the basal
joint dilated, curved, and roughly scaled ; tibix moderately scaled.

&
S

Tyndis hypotialis, ¢, + (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

CE

exaden &

=)

Forewing narrow ; the costa nearly straight; the outer margin

oblique ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for one-
third length; 6 from upper angle; 7 from 8 before 9 ; 10, 11 free.
Hindwing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 approximated for

one-third length ; 6, 7 from upper angle.
Type. (1). *TyNnpys TANGANIALIs, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe.
Fr., 1891, p. 85
(2). }TYNDIS HYPOTIALIS, Swinh., P. Z.
p. 866 : , :
} Nephopteryx cionentien Swinh., P. Z:S.,

1885, p. 877, pl. 57, fig. 20.
(3); Tynpis PLANA, Wlk., Trans. Ent. Soc. (3),

. > By. Atrica:
8., 1885,
India,Ceylon.

BEpawa: W. India.

he zamia, Swioh. oe Z. S. , 1884, p. 518,
pl. 47, fig. 12.
+Hypotia allalis, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1886;
p. 462, pl. 41, fig. 2.
Genus Discorpta.
Discordia, Swinh., P. Z. 8., 1885, p. 448.
Palpi porrect, projecting about the length of head and fringed

with hair below at extremity ; maxillary palpi filiform ; antenne

Classification of the Pyralide, 549
of male nearly simple; mid and hind tibize with the outer terminal
spurs short. Forewing narrow ; the costa straight ; the inner and
outer margins evenly curved; vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

Type.

4, 5 from angle ;
free.
angle ;

Discordia basalis, 3, 4 (from Moths Ind., vol. iv.).

6 from upper angle ;

6, 7 from upper angle.
(1). fDiscorpia EvuLsa, Swinh., P. Z. S., 1885,

7 from 8 before 9 ;
Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell;

10; 11
4, 5 from

p. 448, pl. 27, fig. 2. ‘ ; . Bombay.
(2). -DiscorpiA BASALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 187 Ceylon.
(3). -|DiscoRDIA SINIFERALIS, Hmpsn., Moths of

India, vol. iv., p. 187 Ceylon,

Genera auctorum.

Essina atribasasilis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr.,
1890, p. 28

Arispe concretalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1890,

K. Africa,

p. 54, pl. 8, fig. 2 . . Mexico.
Arispe ovalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1290,

p. 55, pl. 8, fig. 3 : é : : . Mexico.
Aglossodes prionophoralis, Rag., Ann. Ent. Soe.

Fr., 1890,p.63; pl. 8; fig. 5 Natal.
Baniura syrticolalis, Rag., Ann. Ent. See. Fr,

1887, p. 137; and 1899, pl. 8, fig. 6 : « )Dunis:
Arsenaria dattiné, Rag., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887,

p. 138 $ Tunis:
Ctenarthria khorgosalis, wae ‘Anis Ent. Soe, Fr.,

1890, p.66; and 1891, pl. 16, fig. 11 . CrAsiaz
Precopia atomalis, Giiriei. Stett. Ent., 1887,

p. 166; and Rom. Mem., v., pl. ii, fig. 6 . C. Asia.
Exarcha ineptalis, Led., Wien Ent. Mon., 1863,

p. 50, pl. 7, fig. 8 : : ; : . Venezuela.
Epizonora speciosalis, Christ., Rom. Mem., ii.,

p. 141, pl. vii, fig. 11; and Rag., Ann. Ent.

Soc. Fr. 1891, p. 637 : C. Asia.

[=

550 Sir George F. Hampson on the Pyralide.

Species omitted.

Pyralis trilatalis, Wk., xxxiv., 1237, belongs to the Acontiina.

Stemmatophora nicalis, Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., iv., p. 671
= Bobys uxorculalis, Hulst., Tr. Ann. Ent. Soc., xiii., p. 153,
belongs to the Pyraustina.

Pyralis palesalis, Wik., xvii., 269, type lost.

Labanda herbealis, Wik., xvii., 284, belongs to the Noctuide.

Pyralis janiusalis, W1k., xix., 904, type lost.

Labanda saturalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1251, belongs to the Noctuida.

Pyralis egnusalis, Wik., xix., 905, belongs to the Phycitine.

Pyralis ratoalis, W1k., xix., 916, belongs to the Phycitine.

Pyralis noctualis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1231, is a Noctua = Celana
diffundens, Wk.

Pyralis plumbealis, Wik., xxxiv., 1232, type lost.

Pyralis humeralis, Wik., xxxiv., 1233, type lost.

Pyralis turbidalis, W\k., xxxiv., 1245, belongs to the Deltoidine.

Pyralis subcordalis, Wlk., xxxiv., 1248, belongs to the Noctuida.

Aglossa chloromelalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1249, belongs to the Tineide.

Sacoria congrualis, Wk., xxxiv., 1256, type lost.

Cledeovia albipalpis, Pag., Verz. Lep. Amb.,p.7, belongs to the
Deltoidine.

Pyralis obstructalis, Wik., xxxiv., 1210, isa Noctuid = Hypenodes
costastrigalis, Steph.

Kretmopteryx flabelligera, Saalm., Lep. Madag., 1., pl. vi., fig. 80, is
a Lithosid.

Pyralis admetalis, W1k., xix., 908, type lost.

Pyralis byzesalis, W1k., xix., 894, type lost.

Pyralis (?) contractalis, Wlk., xxxiv, 1230, belongs to the
Acidaliine.

Pyralis subjectalis, W1k., xxxiv., 1233, type lost.

Locastra sagarisalis, W1k., xvi., 160, type lost.

Stemmatophora albopunctalis, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am. Het., ii.,
p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 1, is a Noctua.

Diplopseustis haplodes, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1887, p. 197, is
a Pyraustid, gen. Cybolomia.

Diplopseustis hemiophthalma, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894,
p. 286, isa Pyraustid, gen. Sufetula.

Pyralis procrisalis, W1k., xvii., 272, belongs to the Phycitine.

Endotricha cydippealis, W1k., xvii., 391, type lost.

Pyralis atialis, Wik., xix., 896 = varipes, xxxiv., 1225, and
vexatilis, xxxiv., 1192, is a Tortricomorpha Tineide.

Labanda ceylusalis, W1k., xix., 919, belongs to the Noctuidae.

( 551 )

XLV. Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism in South African
Rhopalocera. By Guy A. K. Marsaatt, F.E.S.

[Read May 6th, 1896.]

I am much pleased to observe that the very important
and long-neglected subject of Seasonal Dimorphism in
African Butterflies is at last receiving the attention of
so eminent an authority on entomological matters as
Mr. A. G. Butler, and I trust that the short paper before
me will soon be supplemented by many of a like nature,
for it is high time that the nomenclature of African
Rhopalocera, and more especially the Pieri, should be
thoroughly revised from the standpoint of seasonal varia-
tion. ‘he opinions expressed by my friend, Mr. Cecil
W. Barker, in his most interesting paper on this subject
(Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895, p. 413) will, I think, be upheld
by all South African lepidopterists who have taken the
trouble to investigate the matter, though I consider his
rule that the dry season form is generally smaller than
the wet season one to be inadvisable, for the exceptions
to it certainly equal if they do not exceed the illustrations
of it. Mr. Butler’s remarks on the group of Teracoli,
represented by J’. vesta, Reiche, are in every way excellent,
but when he proceeds to discuss the seasonal forms of
the genus Acrea we have an instructive example of the
extreme difficulty in accurately defining the specitic
differences of butterflies merely from a series of muscum
specimens when not backed up by a practical knowledge
of the habits and range of the species involved. Indeed,
I have not the slightest hesitation in stating that, in the
present instance, the results arrived at are entirely in-
correct and misleading. Here is Mr. Butler’s provisional
revision of the Acrita group :—
Dry season form. Wet season form.

(1.) Acrea anacreon, Trim. = Acrea bomba, H. G. Smith.

(2.) Acrea guillemei, Oberth. = Acrea periphanes, Oberth.

(3.) Aerea doubledayi, Guer.

(4.) Acrea stenobea, Wallg.

(5.) Acrwa pudorina, Staud.,

Acraa dircaea, Westw.
Acrea caldarena, Hew.
Acrea cheribula, Oberth.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParRT IV. (DEC.)

552 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

It will be advisable to discuss each of these pairs
separately in order to properly test the truth or otherwise
of the contention that they are merely seasonal forms of
one species.

(1.) A. anacreon, Trim. = A. bomba, H. G. Smith.
Domba is quite unknown to me, and at the present time
I am unable to obtain access to the description of the
type, but I note that Mr. Butler considers it to be identical
with induna, 'Trim., described from specimens captured
by myselfin Mashunaland. Assuming this provisionally
to be the case, I think I can clearly show that bomba
(= induna) is very far from being a seasonal form of
A. anacreon, Trim. 1 have taken induna fairly commonly
in Salisbury (5,000 ft ) during every month in the year,
except the three driest and coldest, viz., May, June, and
July ; it is, however, most abundant during the height
of the rains, from the middle of December to the middle
of March. In the Gadzima district on the middle Umfuilt
River (4,200 ft.) it is not very common. On the sources
of the Mazoé Kiver (4,000 ft.), about 20 miles north of
Salisbury, it was distinctly scarce, and its eastern range
seems to extend only to Umtali (3,700 ft.).. Throughout
the whole of this area where I have been collecting care-
fully for the last three years, I have never seen or heard of a
single specimen of anacreon. Moreover it is noteworthy
that induna itself exhibits seasonal variation. ‘lhe
¢ and ¢ figured by Trimen (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895, pl. v.,
figs. 3, 3a) are wet season forms, though not very
strongly marked ones. [N.B. The figure of the ¢ does
not properly show the markedly paler tint of the ground-
colour of the forewings beyond middle, as compared with
the basal portion. |

In the extreme dry season form the ¢ and @ are
almost identically coloured, the black basal suffusion in
the hindwings being much reduced or even obsolete.
The black marginal edging of hindwings is also reduced,
so that the three yellow spots in it which are nearest the
anal angle merge into the ground-colour, and the re-
mainder up to the apical angle are clearly defined.

In the wet season form the ¢ has a strong black basal
suffusion in the hindwings, and the hindmargin is better
developed, the contained yellow spots being much
reduced, and those near apical angles almost always
obsolete. The ¢ also exhibits these differences, but the

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 553.

blackish suffusion in hindwings is usually more developed,
and in some specimens almost entirely obliterates the
red ground-colour. ‘The forewings are much _ paler,
being in some cases creamy with ochreous basal suffu-
sion.

Anacreon I have met with in Natal, where it occurs
commonly all the year round. ‘his species also exhibits
a distinct dry season form (variety A of Trimen) in which
the wings are more elongate with the black markings
attenuated. -Apart from the fact that anacreon itself
occurs abundantly during the wet season, if induna is
really the wet season form of this very common species,
how is it that it has never been met with in Natal, and
anacreon has never been met with in Mashuna-)
land ?

To summarise: We have here two species strikingly:
different in appearance, and of different habits, one of
which is only found within the tropic, while the other
only occurs to the south of it, and both of which exhibit
seasonal forms independently, yet we are asked to believe
that these are merely seasonal forms of one and the same
species. If such be the results of the theory that the
apical patch in Acrea is a seasonal and not a specific
difference, the sooner that theory is demolished the better.

(2.) A. guillimei, Oberth. = A. periphanes, Oberth.
Tam quite unacquainted with either of these species, and
therefore cannot comment upon their association.

(3.) A. doubledayi, Guer. = A. direxa, Westw.

A. stenobea, Wallg. = A. caldurena, Foe

This proposed alteration of nomenclature shows a most
lamentable confusion as to what are real specific differences
in Acrea. I entirely agree with Trimen that A. dircea,
Westw., is quite inseparable from A. caldarena, Hew.,
being merely a seasonal variation of it, as is also A.
amphimalla, Westw. As in the case of anacreon, a
study of the geographical range of the forms under con-
sideration would in itself be sufficient to show the fallacy
of Mr. Butler’s supposition. Caldarena is one of the
commonest butterflies in Mashunaland, and _ occurs
abundantly the whole year round, showing a slight
seasonal dimorphism. ‘The ¢ varies but little, showing
only a slight accentuation of the black markings in
summer, the ground-colour being of a richer pink; but
in the ? this accentuation is often carried to a much

504 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

greater extent, the fuscous suffusion in the hindwings
almost entirely veiling the ground-colour. The colour of
the forewings also shows a strong tendency, as in A.
induna, to become of a pale creamy tint. Such speci-
mens often exhibit more or less white clouding in the
hindwings. Caldarena is essentially a tropical species,
only just entering the extra-tropical area, whereas stenobea
is not found in the tropics at all, but occurs as far south
as the Hastern districts of the Cape Colony. The only
point at which its range overlaps that of caldarena
appears to be in the region of the Marico and Upper
Limpopo Rivers.

I have never met with this insect in life, but from the
description I have not the slightest doubt that 4. lygus,
Druce (= stenobea, var. A of Trimen) is merely the dry
season form of stenobea. The absurdity of amalgamating
stenobea with caldarena is therefore manifest. With re-
gard to doubledayi there is no question that it is quite
distinct from caldarena (= dircea), for apart from the
fact that they both occur at all seasons, their geo-
graphical ranges do not coincide at all—at least so far as
my experience goes. Dowbledayi does not occur in
Mashunaland proper, being there represented by A. axina,
Westw., and throughout South-Kast Africa it seems to
be confined more or less to the coast belt. While travell-
ing from Salisbury to Beira I observed that after leaving
Umtali caldarena became gradually scarcer, and after
crossing the Revné River it disappeared altogether. A.
doubledayt I first met with in the Manini Valley (some-
what west of the Revné River), and it was plentiful from
there right down to the coast.

(5.) A. pudorina, Staud. A. cheribula, Oberth.
I am unacquainted with either of these species; but I
notice that Mr. Butler considers A. acrita, Dew., to be
merely an intermediate form between the two. The
latter butterfly I have only met with on a few occasions
in Mashunaland throughout the dry season. Had Mr.
Butler’s theory been correct, I ought to have taken not:
acrita, but pudorina. Again, Mr. F.C. Selous, collecting
in Manica from January to June, through the height of
the rains, took a long series of acrita ; how is it he never
came across the so-called wet season form chxribula ?
These specimens have been referred to by Trimen
(P.Z.8., Jan. 16, 1894), and he has pointed out that they

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 555.

clearly exhibit seasonal variation along the normal lines.
This has been quietly ignored by Mr. Butler, who has
thereby fallen into the very error against which he warns
us later on, viz.: that of confusing local with seasonal
variation.

As the dimorphic forms in this genus seem to have
been so misunderstood, perhaps a few remarks on other
South African species may not be misplaced :—

Acrea asema, Hew. ‘The bright coloured, strongly
spotted summer form is replaced in winter by a duller
form, in which the black markings are reduced, the two
upper spots in subapical row usually being obsolete, and
very nearly the whole now is absent.

Acrea aglaonica, Westw. ‘Trimen, in discussing
Selous’? specimens of this species (P. Z. S., Jan. 16,
1894) refers to some of them as constituting rather a
striking variety in the direction of A. natalica, Boisd.
These are undoubtedly examples of the summer form,
which differ from the typical winter form in having, as
usual, all the black markings on the upper side very
strongly developed. But the most noticeable difference
is the disappearance of the peculiar transparent subapical
patch, a form of seasonal variation without parallel in
South Africa.

Several species, such as A. petrea, Boisd., A. rahira,
Boisd., and A. doubledayi, Guer., vary very markedly in
the ground-colouring of the ? ; but 1 need only cite the
most noticeable example, viz. :—

Acrva halali, n. sp. This species was first taken by
Mr. F. C. Selous on the Manini and Vanduzi Rivers,
between Umtali and Chimiro, and I have since taken it
very abundantly about Salisbury. T'rimen considers it to
be merely a slight variety of the southern A. nohara,
Boisd.; but if A. asema, Hew., be considered distinct
from A. violarum, Boisd. (which it is, in my opinion),
there is even still more reason for separating halal from
nohara. The description of the insect is as follows :—

¢ Wet season form. Bright brick-red, with a strong
pink tinge in hindwings, especially towards base. Spots
and markings of the sate general pattern as in A. nohara,
Boisd., but very much reduced, so as to give the insect a
markedly different appearance ; moreover, it differs con-
stantly in the complete absence of the discal spot below
first median nervule in forewing, and the third and fifth

556. Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

spots of discal row jn hindwing (I have taken one very
strongly marked ¢, in which the latter was present).
The sub-basal spot below median nervure in forewings’
is very much reduced and often obsolete.

The underside is as in nohara, but the ground-colour
in hindwing is of a rich pink outwardly tinged with
ochreous ; basal half of cell and a broad, irregular, trans-
verse, discal band whitish, and third, fifth, and ninth
spots of discal row wanting.

Dry season form, Larger ground-colour dull ochreous,
black markings as in summer form, but spots decidedly
larger. Underside much paler and duller. White mark-
ings almost obsolete.

? Wet season form. Ground-colour dull, pale grey,
with faint ochreous inter-nervular rays in forewing.
Markings as in wet season form of male, except that the
black hindmarginal borders in both wings are broader,
and suffused on their inner edges. On the underside the
forewing is much paler, shining, inter-nervular rays more
distinct. _Hindwing pale-yellowish creamy, basal half
variegated with patches of pink; markings as in ¢.

Dry season form. Larger, ground-colour as in dry
season form of d, but with basal half of hindwing suffused
with pinkish. Spots strongly developed, larger than in
preceding form; inner edge of margin in hindwings
clearly defined and not suffused. Underside as in dry
season forms of d.

This species exhibits a greater amount of seasonal
variation than any South African, Acrewa I know; but
the change in the ¢ cannot be properly appreciated in
dried specimens owing to the way in which the brilliant
colours of the summer form fade. The specimens de-
scribed are the extreme forms, and every grade between
them can be found. The variation is most curious, as the
black spots are much larger in the winter form instead of
in the summer one, which shows how impossible it is to
lay down any hard and fast rule in such matters. Owing
to this development of the spots, the winter form pre-
sents a greater general resemblance to A. nohara, but the
two cannot possibly be confused.

Several of the most striking and curious instances of |
seasonal dimorphism were passed over in Mr. Barker’s
paper. I will therefore now shortly refer to them.

When collecting specimens of the handsome genus

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 5d7

Precis, I was not long in noticing that many of the spe-
cies appeared only in winter, while others were confined
exclusively to the summer. A closer investigation of
these insects has convinced me that each of the summer
species is identical with one of the winter species. My
grouping of them is as follows :—

Wet season form. Dry season form.
(1.) Precis ceryne, Boisd. = Precis tukuoa, Wallg.
(2.) Precis simia, Wallg. = Precis cuama, Hew.

: ‘ j Precis sesamus, Trim.
(3.) Precis octaira, Cram. = ; '
(Precis amestris, Drury.

Dry season form. Wet season form.

i ; KEN \ Precis pelasgis, God.
eT Ngee | Pre ces chapunga, Hew.

(5.) Precis artavia, Hew. = Precis nachtigalii, Dew.

In P. natalica, Feld., P. tugela, Trim., and P. elgiva,
Hew., the seasonal forms are not nearly so marked, and
they have, therefore, not been separated. As regards
P. sophia, Fab., which can hardly be considered as a true
South African species, the West Coast variety mentioned
by Trimen (S. Af. But., vol. 1., p. 221) will doubtless
prove to be its dry season form.

The alterations exhibited in this genus are of special
interest, not only on account of the great differences in
the colouring of their two forms, but also because
of their marked change in habits, and a study of them
might give us a clearer insight into the true cause of
dimorphism.

The general lines on which the variation runs in the
genus is as follows :—

The dry season form is smaller, and usually assumes a
duller type of colouring on the upper side, sometimes of
quite a different hue; the underside becomes of a general
brownish tint, more or less resembling a withered leaf,
the likeness being heightened by an oblique line running
from the apex of forewing to the anal angle of hindwing
representing the midrib; also by the marked pro-
longation of the forewing, so well known in the winter
form of Melanitis leda. Lastly, the ocelli on the under-
side are much reduced or obsolescent.

558 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

For convenience the species may be divided into two
groups: (1) Those in which the seasonal forms do not
vary on upperside and very little on underside. (2) Those
in which a marked variation occurs. An interesting fact
about these groups is that the first, comprising P. natalica,
P. tugela, and P. elgiva, is confined to the warmer, low-
lying, or heavily-timbered districts (especially along the
Kast Coast), whereas the remaining more variable species
oceur more abundantly, or even exclusively, in the uplands
and in open country. Moreover, in the former, bush-
loving group, the underside of the wet season form
exhibits almost as great a resemblance to a leaf as does
that of the dry season one. The following notes on some
of the species may be of interest :—

Precis tugela, Vrim. The underside of the summer
form changes from its somewhat variegated colouring to
an almost uniform dark brown or grey brown; the mid-
rib stripe being very clearly defined, and the apex of the
forewing still more strongly produced. ‘lhe only differ-
ence on the upper side is the presence, in the winter form,
of an ochre-yellow line along costa of forewing. The
summer form was first taken by Messrs. J. M. Hutchin-
son and C. W. Barker, at Karkloof, Natal, in the end
of February, 1894; but by the middle of March it had
almost been superseded by the winter form. Mr. Hutchin-
son informs me that there is a marked difference in the
habits of the two forms. The smaller summer form is a
bolder insect, sailing around and settling on trees at a
fair height, almost after the manner of Charaxes, whereas
the other is much more retiring, keeping among the
thick bush and settling low down, or on the ground
among dead leaves, etc. ‘lhis fact will be of interest
when we come to discuss the species in which the
seasonal forms are not so universally acknowledged.

Precis elgiva, Hew. 'This species changes but little.
The upperside remains unaltered. The winter form is
darker and duller than the summer one below, the mark-
ings being more indistinct, and the ocelli reduced to mere
dots. ‘Fhe apex of forewing is slightly more falcate, as
usual.

Precis natalica, Feld. Varies on the same lines as
the preceding species, the white markings on the under-
side of the wet season form becoming much reduced or
even obsolete.

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 559

We now come to the second group in which the
seasonal forms are very distinct, and not generally recog-
nised as such. I will deal with them in the order given
in my list above.

(1.) P. ceryne, Boisd. =P. tukuoa, Wallg. I have never
met with these species commonly in life, and am, there-.
fore, unable, to speak from personal experience, but Mr.
Hutchinson, of Estcourt, and Mr. Barker, of Malvern,
who have both collected for many years in such different
parts of Natal, assure me that they are convinced that
tukwoa is only the dry season form of ceryne. Trimen,
too, notes the close relationship of the species; indeed,
in former years he held them to be the same. They ex-
hibit just the differences one would expect in this genus,
the bright tints of ceryne being replaced in tukwoa by
duller colours, the latter also having the ocelli reduced
and the forewings strongly falcated.

(2.) P. stmia, Wallg. = P. cuama, Hew. These two
so-called species are not common just round Salis-
bury; but in the upper Mazoe River and middle Umfuli
River they are abundant ; and I have had excellent oppor-
tunities of observing the gradual change from dry to wet
season forms, though, unfortunately not vice versa. This
is a very interesting case of variation owing to the dis-
tinct gradations exhibited between the two forms, which
may be grouped as follows, according to season :—

(a) Mipsummer Form.—The typical, small, heavily-
marked P. simia, Wallg.

(b) Earty Summer Form.—'he larger, more lightly
marked form of simia, with tendency to white
clouding on upperside, described by Trimen as
a variety (P. Z. 8., 16 Jan., 1894).

(c) Late Winter Form.—P. cuama, Hew., in which
the underside is very much darker and more
overclouded than in simia, though the markings
are precisely similar and well defined, showing
a preliminary sign of the midrib line. Apices
of forewings falcate.

(d) Mipwinter Form.—Cuama, in which the under-
side shows most strongly the leaf-like ap-
pearance, the simia markings being almost
obliterated by brown, grey, or yellowish cloud-
ing, with midrib line distinct, forewings very
strongly falcate.

560 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall's

The type appears to be intermediate between the last
two forms, as of course every grade can be found between
the two extremes. ‘The dry season form only frequents
the bush, settling on the ground among the dead leaves,
or very rarely on small plants, the underside colouring
affording it excellent protection. As the season advances
the habits of the insect change, and in October and Novem-
ber the later form (c) may be found in company with the
early form of simia (b), frequenting open tops of kopjes,
flying boldly about within a limited area, and settling
with expanded wings on shrubs and bushes. ‘This is the
habit of all summer forms of Precis, and in the end of
December in both the Mazoe and Umfuli districts I have
seen some numbers of P. octaira, P. simia, P. pelasgis,
and P. nachtigalii, chasing one another around in open
spots on hill-tops, and at the same time there were a few
battered specimens of I. sesamus, P. cuama, P. archesia,
and P. artavia, all of which were evidently on the verge
of disappearing.

(3:) 2P.Goctaira,’ Cram.’ ==> Ps. sesamis Trim (=P
amestris, Drury). The dissimilarity in seasonal forms is
most marked in this species, but there is much evidence
to show their identity. Apart from the fact that they are
confined respectively to the wet and dry season, they have
been taken in copuli by Mr. F. N. Streatfield in the
Transkri Territory, and on several occasions by Mr.
Barker, at Malvern. Moreover, intermediate forms are
by no means uncommon, many being recorded by Trimen.
On the strength of such seasonal forms alone Mr. Ober-
thur, in 1883, decided that P. octaira, Cram., and P.
amestris, Drury, were one and the same species. ‘his
latter insect is evidently the northern winter form of
octaira. The larvee and pupe of octuira and sesamus
seem to be indistinguishable. In February, 1888, Mr.
Hutchinson found a dozen Precis larvee feeding together
on one bush, and at the time he considered them to be
those of a single species. Harly in March they emerged,
there being two octaira and ten sesamus. The latter
differs from the normal type of winter Precis in the
absence of leaf-like colouring below, and the very slight
falcation of forewings. This is accounted for by its
different habits, for instead of frequenting dead leaves in
the bush it prefers the dark rocks on stony and wooded
kopjes. The development of the falcation in forewings is

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 561

evidently correlated with the leaf-like coloration on the
underside in this genus.

(A.)°P: archesia, Cram: = P. pelasgis; God. (= P.
chapunga, Hew.). The intimate connection between
these three forms is much more evident. The conspicu-
ous pale stripe of the summer Pelasgis is much darkened
and reduced in archesia on both surfaces, the underside
assuming the usual leaf-like markings, and the apices of
forewings being strongly falcate. ‘rimen’s var. A of
archesia is evidently an intermediate form. I have met
with only one example of chapunga, which I captured
on the 29th December, 1894, in the Maroé Valley in
company with pelasgis, and I am convinced that it is
nothing but an intermediate form of that insect in the
direction of archesia. In the latter the discal band of the
hindwings often shows a tendency to break up into rings
round the ocelli, as in typical chapunga. Mr. Barker
informs me that he has on one occasion taken archesia
and pelasgis in copula at Malvern.

(5.) P. artazia, Hew. = P. nachtigalii, Dew. These
forms are practically identical on the upperside, but the
undersides are very. different. Artaxia with its more
fulcate forewings and distinctly leaf-like underside, occurs
(in Mashunaland at least) only during the drier part of
the year, being replaced in December by the smaller P.
nachtigalii, which is darker and clearer below, with the
two ocelli of upperside cleariy reproduced in the hind-
wing. In December, 1895, on two occasions I took a
battered ¢ of artazia im copuli with a newly emerged
2 of nachtigalii. An objection to the amalgamation ot
these two forms was suggested to me in the fact that
Mr. Selous, collecting between Umtali and the coast
during the wet season, never took nachtigalit but only
artaxia. I have shown specimens of the former to Mr.
Selous, but he asserted that he had never seen the
insect. However, while going from Salisbury to Beira,
during January, 1896, I kept a careful look out for
nachtigalii. he most easterly specimens I captured
were two ds, in very bad condition, on the top of
Christmas Pass, near Umtali, on the 14th of January.
Beyond that I only observed artazia, taking a fine newly
emerged specimen at Chimiro on the 1Uth January. If
my remarks on the J'ugela group be borne in mind, it
will be seen that these facts do not at all invalidate my

562 Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

contention, but bear out Mr. Butler’s remark, that “ it
does not follow, because a species does not vary in one
part of Africa, that it therefore shows equal constancy
in another part.” In the warmer timbered coast belt
artaxia varies very little seasonally, but on the plateau
the variation is very marked. Mr. A. B. Koe, of Estcourt,
informs me that when on a shooting trip in Angoniland
(alt. circ. 4,000 ft.), near Lake Nyassa, he took P.
nachtigali in considerable numbers in the end of
December, 1892, and they were then just emerging.

Another genus presenting most interesting local
seasonal variation is Mycalesis, the winter forms in the
highlands of the interior being markedly different from
those of the coast region. [n the Mazoe and Umfuli
districts of Mashunalaud I captured Mycalesis simonsii,
Butl., and M. selowsi, Trim., very commonly during the
dry season, but they invariably disappeared as the rains
set in; in fact, the former is only to be found among the
long withered grass with which its colouring harmonizes
so well. As I have always considered it to be an axiom
that in South Africa there is no such thing as a species
(in the true sense of the word) which is confined exclu-
sively to the dry season, I therefore proceeded to investi-
gate the case of simonsii and selousi, and I am now
convinced that they are respectively the dry season forms
of M. perspicua, Trim., and M. safiiza, Hew.

Trimen has noted the close connection between
simonsii and perspicua, and, indeed, the underside of
the southern winter form of the latter is practically
indistinguishable from that of simonsii. Moreover,
towards the change of seasons siimonsii shows a strong
tendency towards the upperside coloration of perspicua,
some specimens becoming dark grey in the costal and
apical area of forewings, with a paler grey tint partially
obscuring the remaining yellow of upperside.

(6.) Such specimens also show a marked develop-
ment of the ocelli both above and beiow. I have
seen specimens of perspicua taken on the Shire
River by Mr. Koe, in June, 1892, and they are
similar to the Natal form. During the winter of
1898, when travelling from the Limpopo to Salisbury,
alone the main Mashuna plateau, I never saw a
trace of simonsii, though when Mr. Koe went up to
Matabeleland next winter he observed it first as he

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 563

reached the higher veldt as far south as Mangwe where
it was common.

The case of M. safitza, Hew., is yet more curious. It
is a common species on the Natal coast where it exhibits
a distinct dry season form described by Hopffer under
the name evenus. At Kuysua, in the Cape Colony, evenus
is found both in summer and winter; along the East Coast
safitza occurs in summer, evenus in the winter; on the
plateaux in Mashunaland we have safitza in summer and
selowsi in winter.

The nomenclature of the South African Mycalesis
should therefore stand thus :—

Wet season form. Dry season form.
§ Mycalesis evenus, Hopt.
( Mycalesis selousi, Trim.
Mycalesis perspicua, Trim. = Mycalesis simonsii, Butl.

Mycalesis safitza, Hew. =

There are several other species of the Nymphalide
which I believe will eventually be admitted to be merely
seasonal forms, but I have not sufficient data to deal with
them at present. Neither have I sufficient scope in the
limits of the present paper to attempt to offer any ex-
planation of the reasou of the greater or less seasonal
changes in various species, that being a subject of con-
siderable complexity, to which I hope to return later.

In conclusion, I can only trust that the foregoing re-
marks may show the field lepidopterists in South Africa,
whose numbers, I am glad to say, are increasing annually,
the immense importance of labelling every specimen in
their collections with locality and date of capture. And
further, I hope they may be induced to put on record
more than they have done in past years, their experience
of the habits, range, etc., of the various species with
which they are familiar, for the benefit of systematists at
home who are doing such excellent work, but who are
often liable to fall into error in differentiating species
merely from lack of support on the part of collectors.

Since writing the above I am glad to be able to record
an instance of seasonal dimorphism in the genus Terias
which has been proved by breeding experiments.

While staying with Mr. J. M. Hutchinson, of Estcourt,
Natal, in the latter half of last February, I succeeded in
obtaining a number of eggs of Terias zoe. On my leaving

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—partT ivy. (DEC.) 38

564. Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s

for England Mr. Hutchinson kindly undertook to rear the
larvee for me and communicate the result. I have just
heard from him that two specimens emerged on the 31st
of March, and they are undoubtedly Terias brigitta,
which Mr. Barker has already pointed out as being the
probable dry season form of 7’. zoé. Mr. Hutchinson
states that the two specimens are lighter on the under-
side than typical 7. brigitta, and this is what I should
haye expected as they are representatives of the early
dry season (winter) brood. ‘Their offspring, which would
emerge about midwinter, that is in June, will probably
show the strongly marked rcddish underside. of true
brigitta.

(1.) Since writing this 1 have had an opportunity of
examining the British Museum series upon which Mr.
Butler based his theory. There are five specimens
labelled as ‘ Acrwa bomba, Smith (= induna, Trim.),”
four of these are undoubtedly A. anacieon, 'Trim., and
are without any broad apical black patch. ‘he fifth
specimen, which has avery heavy black patch and pe
dise of both wings strongly suffused with blackish,
probably induna though differmg somewhat from ue
Mashunaland specimens, and has absolutely no connection
with the four examples associated with it. These latter
are somewhat lightly marked specimens of anacreon and
probably represent the dry season form in Nyasaland—
not the wet, as stated by Mr. Butler. Judging by the
figure of Mr. Crose Smith’s bomba it is not represented
in the series at all.

(2.) ‘Phere are only two specimens of A. periphanes in
the British Museum, and | certaimly doubt their being
the wet season form of quillemei. ‘The black edging of
primaries is certainly shghtly better developed in them, but
the hind marginal border of secondaries is not nearly so
heavily marked as in guillemei, and this does not in any
way accord with my experience of seasonal changes in
this. genus.

(3.) The form alluded to here is the Precis octaira, var.
natalensis of Staudinger. I agree with Mr. Butler in
considering it to be specifically distinct from the typical
octaira, Cram., from the West Coast, but I see no necessity
for renaming it. This species should therefore stand as
Precis natalensis, Staud. (= P. octaira, Trim. (part) =
Jun. calescens, Butl.).

Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism. 565

(4.) This form (6) has been named Junonia trimenii by
Mr. Butler, therefore both this name and J. micromera,
Butl. (which is absolutely identical with P. simia, Wallg.),
will stand as synonyms of Precis cuama, Hewitson.

(5.) Since writing I have been able to re-examine this
specimen which is in Mr. Trimen’s collection. It is
clearly an intermediate seasonal form of pelasgis; but I
cannot agree with Mr. ‘lrimen in attributing it to P.
chapunga. ‘This latter appears to be a Central African
variety of pelasgis, and P. archesia, var. staudingeri, Dew.,
13 probably its dry season form.

(6.) I have seen a specimen from Central Africa, in
which the whole upperside colouring is exactly inter-
mediate in tint between simonsii and perspicua.

XV. On the Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera
froma pupal and oval standpoint. By Dr. THomas
ALGERNON Cuapman, M.D., F.E.S.

[Read June 4th, 1896.]

THe title of this paper is perhaps too ambitious, and
would require a volume rather than a short paper to
elucidate it. Itis incorrect, in so far that I do not propose
to do more than state, as clearly as I can, what I believe
to be the special dominating condition that underlies the
evolution of the lepidopterous pupa, from its earliest to
its latest forms. It is obvious that if there be such a
condition, and it can be at all successfully apprehended,
it will give us much greater certainty in using the details
of pupal structure as guides to the true phylogeny of the
Lepidoptera, and will show us in what respects they are
of value, and where they give less definite indications.

Though I cannot claim to present the subject in more
than a tentative form, I am emboldened to do so by the
encouragement given by our President in his last address
to the use of the “ scientific imagination,” of which I hope
this is a legitimate instance.

What I have to advance may be stigmatised as a mere
speculative hypothesis. Perchance it may prove to be so
and nothing more. My own belief is that it will be
useful and valuable in guiding the study of pupal forms
and understanding their significance, even if it should
finally appear that it has a very secondary, instead of a
primary, place in marking out the lines of lepidopterous
evolution.

The precise lines by which the quiescent, inactive
pupa, say of bees or beetles, was derived from the active
larva-like pupa, if the term is indeed at all applicable,
such as those of bugs or crickets, hardly concerns me
here ; but it is of interest to note that the great mass of
Coleoptera and Hymenoptera have a pupa of very uniform
type, helpless from its quiescence, and hence resorting
for protection to some cocoon or other cavity. Probably
as secondary to such protection, being of very delicate

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—PART IV. (DEC.)

568 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

cutaneous structure and possessing no hard chitinous
parts, the imaginal appendiges are all present, quite dis-
tinct and separate from each other, but incapable of any
movement.

The exceptions in these two orders in which the pupa
is exposed, and consequently of harder external texture,
are by no means few in actual number, but are isolated
to single species, genera, and rarely families, and seem
nowhere to have given occasion to any further evolu-
tional dev elopment.

Actually numerous as these exceptions may be, in com-
parison with the totals of these large orders, it is hardly
erroneous to neglect them, and say that the protected
pupa of delicate texture is universal throughout these
two orders, and that no further development by
departure from this rule has taken place within them.

In all protected pupee the problem has to be faced, how
is the imago to free itself from the cocoon or other
envelope protecting the pupa. In the Hymenoptera and
Coleoptera this is effected by aid of the imaginal jaws.
The imago becomes perfect within the cocoon; it not
only throws off the pupal skin within the cocoon, but
remains there till its appendages have become fully
expanded and completely hardened, and then the man-
dibles are used to force an ontlet of escape. Throughout
these orders it is the rule that the imago requires its Jaws
for other purposes—purposes that we may regard as the
primary reason for their existence. Still, their use to
extricate the insect from its pupal residence can hardly
be called a secondary matter, and in many cases, even in
some whole families, they are of no use whatever to the
imago except in this one particular; the Cynipidx are
perhaps the most striking instance of this circum-
stance.

Certain families of the Neuwroptera struck out a new
line in this matter. One or two families appear to have
followed the same lines precisely as the Coleoptera and
Hymenoptera. Whether the new departure was a
development from these, or whether it was in some way
a partial retention of the characteristics of the active pupa,
t have no materials to decide; but the fact is, that in a
group of families the pupa, otherwise quiescent and of
delicate structure, retained well-developed mandibles,
and by aid of these the pupa extricates itself from the

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 569

cocoon immediately previous to the emergence of the
imago, |

When we note that the most neuropterous of these
families retain active and useful jaws as imagines, and
that some of these, as the Hemerobiidx, have jaws of a
remarkably modified structure, we may at any rate con-
clude that in this group of families the mandibular
structures were in a highly plastic condition for develop-
ment in any direction that appeared advantageous.

This peculiar method of escape from the cocoon
associates with these Newroptera, the Phryganside, and
the Micropterygidx, families whose affinities with the
Neuroptera ou the one hand, and the Lepidoptera on the
other, have long been recognized, as well established on
other grounds.

This relationship between the Lepidoptera and the
Neuroptera was first clearly established by McLachlan
at a time when it was rank heresy to make such a sug-
gestion, and to whom sufficient credit for so definite
a breaking of new ground has hardly yet been
accorded.

{ believe Dr. Sharp quite agrees with me in assimi-
lating the Phryganeide and the Micropteryjzide together,
as being, though somewhat far apart, still nearer together
than either is to the Neuroptera on one hand, or to the
Lepidoptera on the other. I believe he sets more value
on their neuropterous than on their lepidopterous affini-
ties, whilst [ take rather the contrary view, regarding the
lower Adelidz as being very probably directly derived
from the Micropteryges. No doubt the question is more
a question of personal equation than of fact, and I would
agree that Dr. Sharp, taking a broader standpoint than
inine, is possibly able to secure a more correct view.

There are two points that I may claim as making them
Lepidoptera rather than Newroptera. The first is that
Neuroptera are carnivorous, Lepidoptera phytophagous,
The phytophagous habit is strong in the Phryganeide,
absulute in the Micropteryges. ‘Che other, which more
concerns the subject of the present paper, is that they
have lost the imaginal jaws. Micropteryx has a distiactly
lepidopterons haustellum. Looking to the more neu-
ropterous families with pupal jaws, we find they have also
imaginal jaws; it is therefore apparently correct to con-
clude that the loss of the imaginal jaw is secondary to the

570 | Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

acquirement of active pupal jaws, and that the discovery
thus made that an imago without jaws was a satisfactory
organism, opened up the whole field for the evolution both
of the Lepidoptera and Diptera. I may say that I see
every reason to believe that the Diptera also originated
here, along with the Lepidoptera, and that they had to
face the same problems that beset the Lepidoptera as to
the escape of the imago from its cocoon, without the use
of imaginal jaws. Up to acertain point their solutions
were very similar, but later the Diptera made one or two
remarkable advances, of which we find no trace in the
Lepidoptera.

‘The history of the evolution of the Lepidoptera, from a
pupal point of view, is, then, from the very beginning, a
history of the solution in various ways and degrees, of the
problem of how to escape from the cocoon without the aid
of imaginal jaws ; if this was not the dominant feature in
lepidopterous evolution, it was at least so important as
to leave distinctive features on almost every family of
Lepidoptera, up to the point at which the problem appears
to have received the most satisfactory possible solution,
or rather a most satisfactory possible solution. When
this point was reached, and it appears to have been
reached by several different roads, their pupal structure
presents a great similarity amongst a large number of very
distinct and unallied families—those, in fact, which are
classed together as Macro-heterocera.

Taking, then, the Micropteryges as being the lowest
Lepidoptera from our present as from most other points of
view, we find a method of escape from the cocoon that
differs in several important respects from that in which the
perfect imago accomplishes this by the aid of its own jaws.

We may note, however, that though it is nominally the
pupa that escapes from the cocoon, it is in reality still the
imago, the imago clothed in the effete pupal skin. To
rupture the cocoon, it uses not its own jaws, but those of
the pupal skin, energising them, however, in some totally
different way from ordinary direct muscular action, their
movements being the result of the vermicular movements
of the pupa, acting probably by fluid pressure on the
articular structure of the jaws, by some arrangement not
altogether different perhaps from the frontal sac of the
higher Diptera.

How this extraordinary method of escape originated

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 571

and was developed from the earlier and simpler method,
is a matter deserving of investigation, and will no doubt
yield many interesting facts. ‘That I say nothing about
it is due to sheer ignorance, and not the ostensible reason
that it is outside the Lepidoptera.

In the Micropteryges the jaws of the pupa not only
rupture the cocoon, but appear to be the most active
agents in dragging the pupa through the opening in the
cocoon and through any superincumbent earth, being
merely assisted by the vermicular action of the abdominal
segments, and we find in accordance with this circum-
stance that the pupal envelope is still very thin and
delicate, and has little or no hardening or roughness by
which to obtain a leverage against the walls of the
channel of escape.

There are no doubt many lost families at this point,
and we do not find precisely the next stage in the pro-
gress of pupal evolution. In all other instances we not
only find the pupal jaws absolutely lost, and also a general
hardening of the pupal skin, with a development of
roughness across the abdominal dorsum, but, perhaps,
inevitable with the hardening pupal skin, we find also a
considerable consolidation of previously separate and
movable parts.

No doubt it was soon found that great assistance to
the emergence from the cocoon was obtained by a
hardened and rough abdominal integument, and this
directly led to the further step that by a little weakening
or valvular structure of the cocoon, the jaws might be
absolutely dispensed with.

In Limacodes we find a}l the segments of the abdomen
still free, and the appendages, though fused together,
are fused so slightly as to be easily separated without
injury, and the cocoon is provided with an easily separated
lid.

In the lower Adelids the segments are more fused
together, and by aid of a beak more or less developed,
and the cocoon being made of a valved larval case, exit
from the cocoon is achieved. It would seem that a beak
was early adopted as a weapon for breaking open the
cocoon, as it exists in nearly all the Incompletx, except
the Limacodid and Nepticulid section.

In all these instances the pupa emerges from the
cocoon precisely as in the Micrupteryges, that is, the moth

572 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

it really is that emerges, but does so encased in the
pupal skin. ‘To achieve this object, it seems to have
been found most efficient to have three, four, or five
abdominal segments capable of movement, but to have
the terminal sections soldered together. So few as two
free segments is found only in the Grac‘lartidex, and is,
therefore, probably a number disadvantageously small.

A cremaster is very rare in this section. and its use,
where it exists, appears to be to enable a cable of silk not
to retain the pupa within the cocoon, but to restrain 1b at
precisely that degree of emergence from the cocoon that
is most desirable; this is usually attained when the
movable segments have so far emerged from the cocoon
that they are no longer capable of acting in the cocoon
as locomotor organs. ‘The pupa usually retains this
position by the elasticity of the cocoon gripping it tightly,
but in many Tortrices and others a cremaster and loose
cable as just mentioned exists.

The next step, that intermediate between the Incom-
plete and Oblectz, | have so far only met with in the
genus l'permenia (Chauliodus). It probably results in
some instances from a cremaster preventing the escape of
the pupa from the cocoon, and a slender cocoon permitting
the escape of the moth.

We want many more facts at this point, if perchance
they are attainable. ‘The transition is a very notable one,
we pass from what we might almost call the true lepi-
dopterous (if 1t were not also equally dipterous) process
of emergence, emergence within the pupal skin, to the
direct emergence of the imago from the cocoon, leaving
the pupal skin behind it, precisely the process in the
bees and beetles, with the important difference that
imaginal jaws are not required, and the less important
one that some final expansion and hardening have still
to be accomplished.

It puzzled me a great deal to understand why the
Obtectx always had the fifth and sixth abdominal segments
free and no others, both sexes being the same. ‘The
exceptions being almost literally none, and Hpermenia
being, so far, the only transitional form I had met with.

Now throughout the Obtecte there are many devices
for breaking through the cocoon: specially constructed
weak places in the cocoon, special softening fluid, applied
by the moth, assisted by special appliances of diverse

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 573

sorts, such as in Hybocampa and Attacus, and so forth,
but all adhere to the special obtect formula of the fifth
and sixth abdominal segments only being: free.

I conclude that this structure of the pupa is that which
affords far beyond any other, at ouce, a solid basis and
an extensible ladder, by which the imago can attain a
pupal fulcrum from which to reach and rupture the
cocoon and force itself out.

The questions of animal mechanics involved are,
however, I must admit, too complex and difficult for me
to analyse them successfully.

A remarkable confirmation of this hypothesis is, how-
ever, presented by the butterflies.

It seems very probable that when the Skippers had but
recently obtained obtect rank, they were not only still
capable of further evolution in the direction of consolida-
tion of puval segments, but had, if it is legitimate so to
express it, a distinct impulse towards further consolida-
tion. ‘They would, however, no doubt ordinarily have
adhered to the usual obtect formula, but for one circum-
stance, viz., they succeeded in doing without any sort of
cocoon.

The mechanical problem of how to escape from the
cocoon by the way of least resistance, no longer
dominated them ; and accordingly we find in each group
of butterflies, that certain families have lost the power
of movement in one, two, or all three of the incisions
that are movable in the Obtecte. ‘That the families with
least movement in each division happen to be the highest,
may be the result of what I have called the impulse to
such progress, existing in the Skippers. Much more
probably the loss of movement occurred in each instance
for some special reason, probably in pursuance of pro-
tective devices that so dominate the evolution of
butterfly pupz, and as there was no going back, it
results inevitably that in cach line of development, the
most solid pupa must be the most recent.

In my first paper presented to the Society in 1893, I
believe I gave the impression that I believed that all the
Lepidoptera might be arranged by their pupze in one line ;
I had not this idea myself, but I had not formed any
alternative view with sufficient definiteness to enable me
to advance it.

I do not know that I can go much further yet, but I

574 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

may state what I believe to be the law on this point in
this way. The Lepidoptera certainly cannot be arranged
in one line by their pup, but the Lepidoptera of one
line can be arranged by their pupz.

Two forms having different pupz, are either—

1. Not related (that is not nearly enough for definition).

2. If related, then the pupze will tell which is descended

from the other or which is furthest from the
common ancestor.

A pupa with more movable segments cannot be
descended from one with fewer ; broadly, one that is more
consolidated or has lost certain parts, cannot be ancestral
to one with more movable parts, or that retains
appendages.

I have been forced to conclude that there have been
several lines of evolution in the Lepidoptera all more or
less parallel. hat the Obtectz in fact are not a homo-
geneous group and were not derived from the Incom-
pletz at one point only, and then diverged, but that the
obtect pupal form was reached from several different
stirps of Incomplete independently under the pressure
of the problem placed from the first before the Lepi-
doptera, viz., what is the line of least resistance by which
the imago may escape from pupa case and cocoon without
the aid cf mandibles? Iam not prepared to say how far
back it was that these several stirps diverged. I still
see many reasons for deriving them from different
branches of the Palzolepidoptera; on the other hand,
I see that it is necessary to admit that, if there can be
parallel lines in the neolepidoptera, there may equally
be lines in the neolepidoptera parallel to others in the
Paleeolepidoptera, just as we have parallel families in the
marsupials and placentals, and even in the Reptilia.

My arch heresy in this respect is in claiming a relation-
ship between Cossus and Hepialus. Hepialus (starting
from Micropteryx) presents many characters similar to
Cossus, and in some respects is even further removed
from Micropteryax than Cossus is. If we grant a parallel
progression to Cossus and Hepialus, some of my objections
to the orthodox view would be diminished.

It is no doubt very difficult to admit that neolepi-
doptera with the subcostal vein of the hindwing simplified
in precisely the same manner, should be equally derived
from a Hepialid and Micropterygid source, but there are
so many forms missing that it is not safe to form any

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 575

very precise theories. I am less puzzled by the question
of frenum and jugum. The jugum is certainly a remains
of a wing lobe well-developed in many Neuroptera, and
appears to have no such function as is attributed to it of
combining the wings in flight, whilst there are distinct
traces of a commencing frenulum in some stronger hairs
in Hriocephalids.

With regard to the Macro-lepidoptera, I have not been
able to find any definite pupal characters on which they
may be classified, still less distributed in accordance to
their phylogeny. A closer examination of a larger series
of species may throw more light on the matter, but this
is very doubtful, since, for example, I find in the Geome-
trides, pupee as thoroughly obtect as the highest Noctuz,
whilst in some groups there are pup with dorsal head
plates, and in some instances these even carry the
eye-covers, a very parallel condition to that in the
Skippers. Dorsal head plates also occur in Lasiocampids,
Thyatyrids, Notodontids and some others. Obviously
these remains of earlier structure appear in the lower
families of each division.

It occurred to me to recur to some old ideas I had
about the eggs of Lepidoptera, in hope of finding some
solution of this difficulty.

It seems very probable that the eggs of Lepidoptera
should give characters useful for classification, not only
for the simple reason that every structure and habit does
so, but because it is not merely a structure, but the whole
individual at one stage of its existence, and because the
circumstances of its environment being different from
those of the later stages, it cannot have responded in the
same manner as they have, and may, therefore, afford us
differences and resemblances when they do not do so, or
have them overlaid by various characters of more modern
acquirement and less fundamental significance. Especially
being the most ancestral stage, it may probably have
some earlier characteristics, in spite of having varied in
many particulars like the other stages.

We all know that in many genera the eggs of the
different species are easily recognisable, as in Vanessa,
Pieris, Ennomos, Acronycta, Cerura, &c. It is less easy
to find characters from eggs of families, yet most of us
can recognise a Noctua or a Geometra egg, one of a butter-

fly or of a sphinge.

076 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

Can we then find any characters of ova that will enable
us to determine the probable relationships of the
different families to each other. In studying the signifi-
cance of any structure, one must be led entirely by what it
teaches, in nowise straining the facts to meet precon-
ceived ideas, and not until this is done must one compare
the results with those otherwise attained, and then see
whether the differences in results are to be reconciled by
a fresh interpretation in the newer or older studies.

Approaching the question of egg form in this spirit,
lepidopterous eggs are seen at once to present at least
two very definite types of egg, which we may name the
upright and the flat egy.

The upright egg has the Micropylar avis vertical to the
surface on which the egg is laid, and the two axes at
right angles to this are equal in length, and in fact not
definite in position, the egg being circular on any
horizontal section.

The flat eyg has the Micropylar axis parallel to the
surface on which the ege is laid, whilst the other hori-
zontal axis and the vertical axis are usually of different
lengths.

When we examine the distribution of these two forms
of eggs in different families, we find that there is rarely
if ever an exception to the rule, that one form only exists
in each family, and even in each superfamily, and that,
broadly, there appears a very strong presumption that, at
least amongst the macros, there is never an abrupt
transition from the one form to the other, and that whilst
the flat egg is probably the earliest form, and may still
retain a “capacity for reaching the vertical form, any
reversion in this respect 1s very doubtful.

If we confine ourselves to the true Macro-lepidoptera,
we find the upright egg occurs in the kutterflies and in
the Noctuze, whilst the flat egg is characteristic of
the Geometre and the Bombyces.

Now I think nineteen times out of twenty, perhaps
ninety-nine out ofa hundred, I should recognise a butterHy
egg from any other, but I have so far failed to find any one
definite character that can be predicated of all butterfly
eges and will at once distinguish them from all other
upright eges. Notwithstanding this, I think, we may
properly divide the upright egg into two divisions—the
butterflies and the Noctue.

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 577

I feel satisfied that the flat ege in the Macro-hetzrocera
has also two (at least) different forms, the difficulty of
defining them does not deter me from this conclusion,
since the greater difficulty in the case of the upright egg
is, nevertheless, merely a difficulty, and not a reason for
refusing to accept two forms of upright egg.

The two forms of flat egy are the Geometrid and the
Bombycid. The former is marked by greater rough-
ness, the lines or ribs forming the network or
sculpturing, are larger and coarser, the Bombycid egg is
smoother and more polished, yet many instances could
be quoted in flat contradiction to this distinction. ‘he
tendency of the Geometrid egg is to have a denser harder
shell than the Bombycid, though kere, again, many of the
larger Bombycids have very firm eggshells.

Whether this division between Geometrid and Bombycid
egos will hold good, it remains true that both divisions
are, in their typical forms, very distinct from the upright
egg, and whilst I am, for reasons that may or may not be
sound, inclined to derive the two forms of flat egg from
distinct origins very low down in the evolutionary scale,
it appears probable that the two forms of upright eggs,
moths and butterthes, had a common origin, though very
low down, and have long b2en separate.

In placing together all the families (of Macros) that
have upright eges, and looking for some other character
they may have in common that will confirm such a collo-
cation, we find a most valuable one in the chin glands of
the larve. ‘This curious structure is of so special a
nature, that it would require very strong evidence to
make one believe that it was separately acquired in
different families, and so when we find that it occurs
in butterflies, in Noctue, and in Notodonts, but
nowhere amongst the families with flat eggs, the
conclusions derived from the egg seem very strongly
confirmed.

No one can doubt that the butterflies are widely
separated from the Noctuz, and the evidence of the
Hesperid pupa shows that the butterfly separated from
the Noctua stirps a very considerable way below any
Noctua-like form, usually placed with the Macros. But
this evidence of egg and larval chin gland suffices to
show that they jointly separated from the Geometrid and
Bombycids still lower down.

578 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

If we take Mr. Meyrick’s classification of Macros,
based on unstated grounds, but obviously chiefly on
venation, we find that he has collected together into his
Caradrinina all the Macro-heterocera with upright eggs,
with the single exception of the Notodontide.

It is interesting here, in passing, to note that though we
may gird at the earlier classifications, we have to admit
that, with no doubt some very important exceptions, they
had a grip of the main outlines, at least, amongst the
Macros.

The four chief groups that I make on egg characters
are, as I have stated, largely the four old ones of Butter-
flies, Noctus, Geometre, and Bombyces, and these are
also practically the groups framed by Mr. Meyrick,
though I think he has missed the real value of these
groups in placing the Notodontas and sundry Bombyces
in the Geometree. He would also, though that is a small
matter, have pleased me and many others had he kept the
time-honoured names for the groups.

If we are to attach any value to the egg evidence, it is
clear that the Rhopalocera are not derived, as Mr. Meyrick
surmises, from any Pyralid form, since the Pyralids are of
a higher type than the Hesperids, and still belong very
markedly to the flat egg stirps, or one of them. The
pupz of the two groups are not derivable from a common
form, without going very far back, much further back, than
is implied in an immediate common ancestor.

A consideration of great weight, that I ought perhaps
to have placed earlier, deserves attention, that is, the
great fixity of the two types of egg, the upright and the
flat, throughout the Macro-heterocera, which is still true,
if we add the Pyralidina, as of nearly Macro rank. There
is no clear indication, amongst all the upright forms, of
derivation from a flat form or vice versa.

A few Geometrid forms are hardly even apparent excep-
tions to this, such, for instance, as Hnnomos, where the
packing together of the eggs has placed them in a sloping
position, so that, so far as position goes, they can hardly
be called flat; and, further, there is a certain amount of
rim or crown round the micropylar end; but there is per-
haps no clearer instance of the secondary axes being
distinct amongst all the flat eggs than the eggs of
Ennomos present to us.

Again, in the Lasiocampide we find the flat eg¢e

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 579

set up on end in much the same manner as in sundry
Geometras.

In our common Neustiia and Lanestris the egos are set
up on end, so that, regarding the mere terms of the defini-
tion, they are vertical eggs. ‘They have, however, three
distinct axes, and may be regarded as being laid not on
the twig at the nadir from the micropyle, but really as
being laid on one another, a further development of the
condition presented in Hndromis and some Saturnids,
where the eggs are piled up on one another.

It must be noted, however, that in some families of
Geometre the eggs present a gradual development of the
hexagonal pitting into a regular ribbing of the noctua or
nymphalid type. These still retain the pitting over the
nadir of the micropylar area, and in the Acidalias preserve
three unequal axes, though in Acidalia imitaria they
even present a tendency to be laid on the end. These
are the nearest approach to an exception to the general
rule that I have met with, and they suggest that the
upright egg is the higher form, and that nymphalid rib-
bing is also a late development, and that the Geometrid
ege is still capable. of progress in these directions.
It would be interesting to find a similar progress amongst
Bombycid ova.

It is therefore obvious that the two forms of eves, as
we find them in the Macro-heterocera, must have been
derived the one from the other, or both from some other:
form, at some much lower point in the phylogenetic
series.

In trying to trace backwards the several forms of eggs,
we find amongst the lower (Micro) forms a great prepon-
derance of groups with flat eggs. ‘This appears to be so,
after making full allowance fur the fact that our (or at
least my) ignorance of the eggs of Micro-lepidoptera is
considerable. ‘The lowliest torm with upright eggs is
Cossus; this fact is curious, since both Zenzera and
Tortrix, to which it is allied, have flat eggs. It is pro-
bable, therefore, that we here have the point where the
two forms are still unfixed and capable of easy variation,
The alliance (by pupa) of Castnia to Cossus would
probably point to this being the origin of the butterfly
stirps.

But branches, by the way, are exceedingly scarce.

Sesiidx, that I had surmised to be, perchance, a low

TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1896.—ParT Iv. (DEC.) 39

580 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

branch of the butterfly stem, cannot be so, as the eggs
are flat.

Choreutide find their location somewhere low down, no
doubt on the Noctuid division of the stem. ‘This position
explains at once the difficulty that systematists have felt
to be unsolved, whether they place it on the Tineids or
Tortricids. ‘The egg is of a most beautiful and typical
upright form.

The dorsal armature of the pupa of some genera is
of a form I have met with nowhere else, being a close-
set row of nearly spherical cups instead of the usual
spines.

Nolidz are possibly a branch from a point tolerably
high up, but below the Notodontid division, advancing
separately, so as to take rank, as judged by the pupa, at
least as high as the summit of the Noctuid crown. ‘lhe
egg is extremely curious in one remarkable point ; it is
clearly an upright egg, ribbed, and broadly not unlike a
Noctua egg, but is the only upright egg I have met with
in which the horizontal section is not circular; this sug-
gests an origin from the main stem low enough down to
admit of such a variation taking place. ‘The young
larva, according to the opinion of Mr. Dyar, who kindly
examined them, agrees very well with this position, whilst
the loss of one pair of prolegs is a very ancient variation,
no trace of the missing pair being discoverable even in
the newly-hatched larva.

The pupa is also quite anomalous, regarded asa Macro;
but would be explicable in the position I assign to it. It
has only one movable segment, the fifth abdominal, and
the terminal segments are very curiously abridged, so as
to produce a flat end to the pupa, reminding one of
Hepialus; the arrangement of the appendages is also
inconsistent with a definite Macro position, the tarsi of
the second and third pairs of legs projecting side by side
beyond the wings and antenne as a free process as far
as the incision between the fifth and sixth segments.
The detection by Mr. Hampson of maxillary palpi
in a Nolid would not, in this view, be surprising ; but
would possibly suggest that Nolids are really a branch
of the 'lineid stirps that retains the maxillary palpi; the
unequal axes of the egg would be a record of more recent
and separate derivation from a flat egg form.

Chrysocorys, which a'most certainly belongs to this

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 581

stirps, in which flat eggs are the rule, has a remarkable
egg, which is distinctly upright, and proves the transition
from one form to the other not to be difficult at this point.
It also shows that families with upright eggs may have
more points of origin than the one apparently common
to butterflies and Noctuze.

The Chloephoride have also an upright egg; the
vertical axis 1s extremely short, the general form being
an exaggeration of the very depressed egg of the
Acronyctas ; but the ribbing is of a different type, it does
not fall in line with the Nocfuz, still less with Liparids
or Arctiids. ‘The larva and pupa also suggest ditferences
difficult to seize and impossible to put into description ;
that is to say, that they agree with, say Noctue, in any
point I can put into words, and yet leave me with the
impression that there is a fundamental difference. If
this be a correct impression, there is no doubt some
feature capable of observation and description that [
have overlooked.

The Noctux have a spherical egg, ribbed vertically and
with secondary transverse ribs. J do not know any egg
that departs widely from this ; Acronyctas are probably
the extreme as to flatness. In some few the ribbing is
obscure, apparently from being lost again. This egg is
essentially the same as the Piero-nymphalid egg amongst
the butterflies; that the higher development of the
upright egg in each of its two great branches should
be so similaris remarkable. We have already noted that
the Geometrid egg tends in the same direction. ‘The
greatest difference is that the Noctua egg tends to have
the micropylar axis shorter thau the transverse (Acro-
nycta, ete.), whilst the Piero-nymphalid egg tends to have
it longer in nearly all groups.

The Arctiid egg is nearly spherical, smooth, and
polished, with a netted surface very faintly marked.

The Liparid egg is not unlike the Arctvid, but with a
denser texture, duller surface, and often with a depression
at the summit. There is greater variation here than,
say, in the Noctua. Pudibunda egg might almost
be a Notodonta. Monacha is very like an Aretia.
Salicis is enveloped in a curious foam-like gum, and
one is not prepared to refuse a place to Coryli,
Ludifica, and some others, although their eggs are
distinctly Noctuan.

582 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

The Notodonta egg is dense, dull-surfaced, opaque, and
is a hemisphere laid on its flat side. N. bucephala has a
spherical egg very like Liparids. Cerwra erminea shows
the capability of the Notodontid egg to become very
depressed.

‘ne Notodontids are a lower family than the other
three typical ones, and it is interesting to find that as the
Noctux are parallel in egg specialisation to the Piero-
nynphalids, so the Notodontids are parallel with the
Hesperids, the forms being very similar.

Notodontids have been placed in more varied positions
in classification (always, however, within the Macros)
than almost any other family, and have especially been
supposed to be on the way up to Sphinges, ete.

It seems to me impossible to intercalate a group like
Notodonta between any two families with flat eggs, or even
to make it a terminal branch (as in one sense all families are)
from a tlat-egged stirps. ‘The chin-glands of the larva are
a very strong item also. Mr. Dyar’s researches on the
larvee do not seem to me to indicate with any certainty
in which of the three great divisions of the Macro-
heterocera it should be placed. He places it, however,
with the Noctuz. Mr. Meyrick places it with Geometre,
between the Hupterotidx and the Sphinges (both Bombyces),
apparently entirely on the evidence of the neuration.

Now it is unquestionable that the neuration of the
Noctuse, Arctiids, and Liparids is of a different character
from the mass of the Notodontids, especially as regards
vein 5; but this does not appear to disagree with the
position to which I assign them, viz., in the Noctuid
stem, some way below its final division into the three
(with other exotic) highest families. In this lower position
the venation is less specialised but more variable than in
them; now the typical Notodontid venation is less
specialised than in Noctua, but it varies more, in some
instances into quite a Noctuid form, in others vein 5 is
practically absent, and in some few forms there is even so
definite a trace of a lowlier origin as indications of veins
within the cell.

When we come to the pupa, we meet with the same
difficulty that affects all the Macro-heterocera, viz., that
the differences between different families are often less
than between different genera or even species within the
same genus.

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 533

A Geometra pupa is difficult to distinguish from a
Noctua, especially a deltoid pupa, and so on.

Most species of Notodontids possess the dorsal head-
plate (cephalo-thoracic piece) dwindled to a _ small,
but quite definite portion. ‘This does not at all settle its
position, but shows that it is below the summit level of
heteroceral, pupal evolution. The texture is distinctly
noctuid, but this has reference to the subterranean
position of the pupa. Ceruwra, with a different habit,
might almost be Saturnian.

The cremastral development, consisting of two or four
short spines, seem to be processes of the pupa rather
than separate spines or bristles, as in most Noctuee
i2 some species they are quite obsolete (as in many
Arctians), in others (Clostera) they are at the extremity of
a long slender process. ‘lhe chief feature in which they
differ from Noctuz is in the appendages falling short of
the wings, but in this there is a great variety within the
group. The way in which the abdominal segments do
not materially taper till the 8th or 9th segment is dis-
tinctly Noctuan, but both this and the short appendage
covers might be claimed as Lasiocampid.

The Lithosiide, Huchromitde, and Syntomide are
hardly distinguishable from Arctiide. The Agaristide
(Alypia octomaculata is the only species I have had from
the egg) is very close to Noctuide. Of other (exotic)
families and subfamilies (Pericopide, etc.) I am very
ignorant.

The Lithosiid# and some Arctiidx (Spilosona) are the
only Macro-heterocera I know whose pup seem fairly
on the way to lose all movement; in some instances,
possibly, they have achieved that result. This is
probably associated as cause and effect with their pos-
sessing a soft flimsy cocoon from which escape does not
much depend on the nature of the support and fulcrum
afforded by the pupal skin.

When we come to the Bombycid stirps, there appear to
be very good reasons for associating together a certain
group of families, and these all are characterised by pos-
sessing a flat egg—that is, an egg so laid that the micro-
pyle is not on top but at one end. ‘I'his egg has three
axes of different length, the micropylar being the longest,
the vertical the shortest ; it has generally a very smooth
surface, the sculpturing being very slight and shallow,

584. Dr. ‘Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

the texture often firm, but tending to be delicate, and it
has, I think, always both ends of equal size—that is, it
is not more narrowed towards the micropylar end or at
all pear-shaped, and it tends less than the Geometrid egg
to narrow towards the ends.

Packard’s description of the egg of Dryocampa rubi-
cunda may be taken as typical: ‘ Oval, a little flattened,
the shell yellow, thin parchment-like, the surface smooth,
polished ; under one-half inch objector showing no traces
of pits or polygonal areas. ‘he shell is so thin that
unfertilized eggs collapse irregularly.”

This group has three (at least) branches, the Lasio-
campida and Kupterotida; and two branches of which,
Endromidee is possibly the base passing by Aglia to Cithe-
ronidee and Sphingide on the one hand and to Bombycidee
and Saturnidz on the other.

The form of egg is so similar to that obtaining in
Anthroceride and Megalopygide, that I cannot resist the
conclusion that this series originates in my ‘‘ Micros whose
larvee are external feeders,” though intermediate forms to
bridge over the great distance between Limacodes and
Lasiocampa are unknown to me. My observations on the
spines of Limacodes and Eacles, and again of these and
Sphinges and Saturnids, together with the much larger
series on this subject published by Packard, and the
observations of Poulton and Weissman, on larve of Aglia,
Sphingidee, ete., leave no room for doubt that all these
families are related, to the exclusion of the Geometrid
stirps. Most Macro pupe, except, perhaps, the upper
families of the Noctuid series, present some indications:
of a Micro derivation. Here the Lasiocampids (like the
Notodontids) preserve traces of the dorsal head-piece ;
but a more important feature that is preserved is
that of pupal locomotion. Some Lasiocampids can
travel to and fro in their cocoons, whilst Hndromis
and Sphinx actaally present. instances of the pupzx
emerging from their cocoons, this seems to be a feature
distinctly binding this group together. They are all
thick bodied.

The Geometrid section has a thicker egg than the
Bombycid, usually with a bold raised netted sculpturing,
the ends are often narrower making the egg distinctly
ovoid, the micropylar end being the narrower. The
moths are slender, the pupe of not a few groups

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 585

possess the dorsal head-piece; in some few Geometers
the eye-pieces actually separate in connection with this
piece, there are others in which the pieces separate with-
out adhering to the head-piece. These forms are no doubt
the lowest of the group ; they occur in Eupithecia, Thera,
and some allied genera.

In tracing these series downwards, we find the same
form of egg in Crambus, in many Pyraloids, and in not
a few Tineina, such as Chaultiodus and Orneodes. In
many of these we find, as in most Geometers, but
never I think in Bombycids, that one end of the
egg is narrower than the other, making the egg pear-
shaped.

This stirps in fact includes nearly all the lower forms.
The egg in different groups of these varies within wide
limits. Insome families it is very depressedandscale-like ;
as, indeed, is the Bombycid egg in many Limacodids,
if we are correct in tracing the Bombycid egg to that
origin.

lf the Geometre really belong to this stirps, we must
note that the majority of the stirps culminating in the
Pyralids preserve the maxillary palpus, and that the
Geometrid Macros must be derived from branches lower
down which have lost the palpus.

The Cymatophoride (Thyatiride) unquestionably, on
the evidence of their ova, belong to the Geometrid divi-
sion, many of them are still characteristically slight bodied.
The larvee of some genera preserve the Micro habit of
living between leaves, though they have Macro legs. A
trace of dorsal head-piece is always. present in the pupa,
which has the tapering hind segments of the Geometrid
type. The Brephide almost certainly belong here and not
to the Bombycids. The egg proves they are not Noctue.

The Drepanulide are very puzzling. I incline to place
them here, they are probably like the Nolid# on the
Noctua stem, a form as high as any other, but witha
separate origin low down. The egg is rather Bombycid
than Geometrid, the larva is very isolated, the prolegs
are of the same formula in the newly-hatched as in the
adult larva, the pupa is of high Macro type. Whilst
the imago is slender-bodied, preserves a frenulum,
and has rather a Bombycid than Geometrid type of
markings.

The complete circles of hooks on the larval prolegs in

586 Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman on the

stage 1, with traces of the outer series of crochets in the
adult larva, prove that it cannot be closely associated
with any other Macro-heterocera, and whether we associate
it with the Bombyces or Geometre, it must have
departed from the main stem very low down, probably so
low that it would hardly be correct to recognise the stem
so low down by its Macro name.

Mr. Dyar associates the Drepanulids with the Geometre,
the fashion of the young larve fastening leaves together
flatly (like Cymatophorids) is the only character that is
difficult to recognise, as, perchance, Bombycine.

On submitting an outline of this classification, by ova,
to Mr. Dyar, it appears from the short criticism with
which he favours me, that it substantially agrees with
his larval classification, except on one point—that is, the
position of the Lasiocampide, which he derives from the
Notodontide. his, I find it extremely difficult to
agree with. I find a great many points in the Notodontid
pupa, in which it agrees with the Lasiocamps, so many
as to prevent my saying there may not be some way of
reconciling the differences. But I certainly do not see
any, and think the agreements are instances of parallel
variation or evolution, the two families being at very
nearly the same level on their respective stems.

Mr. Dyar derives Lasiocampids from Notodonts. The
Notodonts are higher in having less mobile pupz and
in having a vertical egg. Since the flat egg is probably
the earlier form, it is improbable to a degree, for which
impossible might not be too strong a term, that it should
revert from the upright form in Notodonts to a flat one
in Lasiocamps.

The Notodontas are, therefore, claimed both by Mr.
Meyrick and Mr. Dyar as presenting an instance of a
per saltum transition from a flat to a vertical egg, or
vice versa, but with very different results as to the
positions in which they place it. Whilst admitting that
the conclusions I derive from egg structure will probably
have to be largely modified by the acquisition of wider
knowledge and a closer comparison with other structures,
I do not think they will be so far overturned as to justify
the position assigned to the Notodontids, beside Lasio-
campa by Mr. Dyar, or beside Geowetre by Mr. Meyrick,
their results being as mutually incompatible as they are
with mine. Mr. Meyrick placing Notodonta amongst

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera. 587

Geometre and Sphinges, and deriving it (with them, and
at some distance) from Lasiocampa.

Mr. Dyar really agrees with me as to Notodonta, placing
it in Noctwina (Mr. Meyrick’s Caradinina), but differs as
to Lasiocampa, which he places above Notodonta. On
each point, therefore, I have the agreement of one of
these authorities, as against the other. I also agree with
them as to the many points of resemblance between
Notodonta and Lasiocampa, but differ in regarding
them as the result of parallel and not of derivative
variation.

oe

XVI. Termites in captivity in England. By Grorce
D. Havitann, M.A., and Davin Saarp, M.A,,
F.R.S.,, ete.

[Read October 21st, 1896.]

Ir will be recollected that at the meeting of the Society
on June 5th, 1895, I exhibited on behalf of Mr. G. D.
Haviland, who had brought them to Hngland from
Singapore, two societies of Termites in glass tubes.
‘hese small associations survived for a _ considerable
period—very different in the case of the two species,
however; and as there are some points of interest in
connection with them, Mr. Haviland has kindly put
together notes of his observations. ‘lhe association of
Calotermes domesticus was, however, in my charge
during most of the time it existed. [D.8.]

Calotermes artocarporum [n. sp.}.

* “The specimens were found by a native collector in
Sarawak in the dead stump of a Champadak or Jack-
fruit tree (Artocarpus integrifolia). He brought back a
log of wood full of them about the middle of September,
1894. Some individuals were mounted and sent to Dr.
Sharp.

‘“‘ September 23rd the log of wood was split open and
a search made for the queen; neither the queen nor any
winged forms were discovered, but a king was found.
Many of the individuals, including two or three soldiers,
were put in a pudding dish with plenty of wood, and the
dish was covered with glass. At first they were kept
damp with moist cotton wool, but a peculiar fly became
plentiful under the glass, so the damping of the cotton
wool was given up. They were also at first protected
from ants by placing their dish in water, but this
protection was found unnecessary and was given up.
They united the pieces of wood together by earthen
walls derived from proctodeal discharges, thus protecting
themselves from dry air and light. Generally, however,

* The parts in invertedcommasare furnished by Mr. Haviland.—D.S.
TRANS. ENT. Soc. LOND. 1896.—parT IV. (DEC.)

590 Mr. G. D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp on

they passed solid oval frass like the furniture Termite
(Calotermes domesticus). If picked up they discharged a
drop of muddy fluid from the auus, which under the
microscope was found to be literally crammed with
infusoria.

“ About December 16th some of these Termites were
taken and placed in glass tubes plugged at the mouth
with cotton wool and kept in a closed box in the dark.
In some of the tubes 12 individuals and in others 24
were put. Ina few days it was noticed that in two or
three of the tubes there were Termites without the
posterior end of their abdomen, they looked as if the
posterior half had been snipped off. They were alive and
on the wood. There was no evidence to support the
idea that they had been bitten. It is probable, how-
ever, that the condition was in some way the consequence
of insufficient food and moisture ; for the wood that they
were on was too hard for them.

“Many of the specimens preserved in spirit at this
time, or earlier, have compound eyes, are yellowish in
colour, and clearly are incipient neoteinic forms, un-
fortunately the exact dates at which the specimens were
put into spirit are not recorded on the tubes.

“On January 2nd the following record of the tubes
was made :—

“Tube 1. 19 individuals, without trace of wings, but
varying in size; one is brown with brown compound
eyes; another is yellowish white, uniform in colour
except for the dark streak of the cardiac vessel, it is of
smaller size than the first, and its compound eyes are not
pigmented ; the other 17 have no compound eyes, and
are white except where the brown colour of the miesviacs
shows through the cuticle.

“Tube 2. 16 are alive and two are dead at the
bottom of the tube. They all seem to be in a bad way,
and to be starving, the wood appears to be too hard for
them. None of them have signs of compound eyes.

“Tube 3. 18 individuals, none are yellowish or have
compound eyes, Their wood seems hard, but they are
healthy.

“Tube 4. 11 individuals, healthy, none appear to
have compound eyes.

“Tube 5. 7 individuals healthy, none appear to
have compound eyes.

~

Termites in captivity in England. ool

“Tube 6. 7 individuals, some small and dwarf
looking, none appear to have compound eyes.

“On February 21st the following observations were
made at sea off Aden :—

“Tube 1. 4 individuals; one of them is brown with
compound eyes; the other three are white and one of
them is very short.

“ Tube 2. 3 individuals, small and of starved appear-
ance.

‘“Tube 3% 4 individuals, one large and one very
short.

“Tube 4. 11 healthy individuals, one a well developed
brown form with compound eyes.

“Tube 5? 2 miserable individuals.

“Tube 6. All dead.

* March 13th in the English Channel. The Termites
seemed to stand the cold till the thermometer went down
to 50 degrees, but yesterday the thermometer went lower
and they were nearly dead, lying on their backs, just
able to move a leg when breathed on. I have taken
them down to the engine room where the majority at
once recovered.

“March 30th. Almost all these Termites now have
eyes and some of them are growing wings. In the dish
are 56 still alive, all the soldiers are dead and there are
no substitution forms; added 5 from a tube, making in
all 61. In one of the tubes there is a substitution form.

* April 6th. Put all the Termites from the tubes into
the dish, there is amongst them a good neoteinic
individual.

“On December Sth, 1895, all the Termites except the
neoteinic individual, which was a king, were dead. On
December 7th he died also.”

Calotermes domesticus [n. sp.].

“From the beginning of November to the 9th of
December, 1894, a good number of individuals were kept
in a tube-under observation, but as no neoteinic indi-
vidual could be seen spirit was added and some fresh
tubes started. The exact dates of the starting of these
tubes was not recorded, but none were started after
January, 1895.

592 Mr. G. D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp on

“On March, 17th, 1895, they reached England and
were sometimes exposed for brief intervals to cold, once
to below 45 degrees I’., when they were quite helpless,
but soon recovered; generally they were kept warm
artificially.

“On March 30th there was only one tube of them left,
but that had a good number of individuals init. It had
frequently produced winged individuals and continued
to do so at intervals, till there were but few left; these
imagos could not escape through the plug of cotton wool,
and did not seem to live many days after they had got
their wings. So far there was no neoteinic individual
recognized,

“On December 5th, 1895, Dr. Sharp, who then had
charge of them, wrote: ‘The colony is producing
winged forms and eggs: where the eggs came from I
have not ascertained, they are of comparatively large
size; the Termites lift them in their mouths and carry
them about as ants do.’ ”

The specimens of this species under my charge were
all contained in a test tube 6 inches long, 38-inch in
diameter. The tube contained a large splinter of the
wood tke Oalotermes eats, and was closed by a plug of
cotton wool; the ‘l'ermites never attempted to interfere
with this plug, but kept away from it; occasionally it
was taken out and a minute quantity of water was added
tomake the atmosphere damp. ‘The intra-tubai arrange-
ments of the Termites were interfered with in no other
way ; the tube was placed in a small card-box, packed
with cotton wooi to keep it steady, so that the Termites
were not exposed to light; during the winter the box
was placed in a corner of one of the apartments of the
new museums at Cambridge (the Bird-room), under the
hot-water pipes, but, notwithstanding this, it was exposed
to great vicissitudes of temperature. The Termites, on
the whole, did well, and had there been more of them to
start with, it is, I think, probable that the association
might have been maintained for a lone time, instead of
becoming extinct in October, 1896, after nearly two
years of this highly artificial kind of existence. At first
the colony produced numerous winged individuals, and this
process continued for about a year; none of the winged
individuals were taken out of the tube, and I think they
all soon died. As a result, at the beginning of the

a

Termites in captivity in England. 593

present year the number of individuals in the tube was
reduced to about twenty; for some time eggs in very
small number were to be seen, I doubt whether more
than four or five were produced; and they did not
hatch. The number of individuals of the association
continued to diminish throughout the summer, and as the
autumn set in they languished more and more so that on
the 17th October only a single individual was to be seen,
and this was evidently dying. Onthat date I opened the
tube and took out the fragment of wood, and splitting it
up I discovered, concealed in a cavity, another individual,
a neoteinic one, that doubtless had produced the eggs.
As this cavity had been the centre of activity during the
egg-laying period of the colony, I was not surprised at
finding this queen init. Although left quite alone, this
specimen seemed in good health (though one of her feet
had been amputated at some time). I removed her and
placed her in the small glass tube in which I exhibit ber
this evening. ‘The night of the 19-20th was cold, and
on the morning of the 20th the queen was torpid, but
revived on the tube being placed in a pocket of my
waistcoat. The chief point of importance is that though
this colony had abundant opportunities of using adult
individuals for the purposes of reproduction they did
not do so, but established a neoteinic queen. I have
no reason to suppose that there was a male present,
and this may have been the reason that none of the
eggs hatched.

Very little trouble has been taken with this colony ;
indeed, it has often not been looked at for several weeks,
and, as the result of this experiment, I feel sure that
observations on living Termites may be carried on in this
country with very little trouble. Ifan artificial termitariam
such as that recently designed for ants by Mr. Ch. Janet,
and described in the Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1893, p. 467,
were used, and care taken that the temperature never fell
below 60 or 65 degrees Fahr., I believe very little
difficulty would be experienced in keeping the creatures
in good health and in making valuable observations.
Calotermes domesticus seems specially suitable for the
purpose ; it is a very abundant and destructive insect at
Singapore, but there is not the slightest danger of its
doing any damage in this country. Indeed, I may
remark, that all the evidence goes to show that Termites

594 Mr. G. D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp on Termites.

can nowhere be destructive until after they have been
established for some considerable time in any given
locality. Their increase can be carried on at a good rate
only after a certain complexness of conditions has been
established. Finally, | may remark that 1 am inclined
to believe that the posterior parts of the bodies of
individuals of this species may have been eaten by their
associates, but I never saw the act.

18tH DEecEeMBER, 1896.

THE

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON

For tHE Yerar 1896.

February 5th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Mexpona, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Nomination of Vice- Presidents.

The President announced that he had already nominated
Dr. D. Sharp, F.R.S., Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S., and
Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford, Vice-Presidents for the Session
1896—1897.

Election of Fellows.

The Rev. John Hocking, M.A., of Copdock Rectory,
Ipswich, and Mr. J. C. Moberley, M.A., of 9, Radstock Place,
Southampton, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Correspondence.
Mr. Goss, one of the Secretaries, read the following letter
from Mr. 8. H. Scudder :—
Campripce, Mass., U.S.A., December 15th, 1895.
Dear Sir,
I have to-day received your announcement of my
election as an Honorary Fellow of the Entomological Society

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I., 1896. A

(oily)
of London, and hasten to assure you of my grateful recog-
nition of the honour.

In view of the limited membership and of the distinguished
ability of those upon whom this honour has been conferred
from the beginning, I can but regard it as the highest com-
pliment that can be paid an entomologist and a complete
recognition of his services to science.

Tf the Librarian will kindly send me a list of my publica-
tions in the Society’s possession not in the printed Catalogue
of 1898, I will make the series as complete as it is in my
power to do.

With cordial greetings to the Society,

T remain,
Very sincerely yours,
Samu. H. Scupper.
H. Goss, Esq.,
Hon, Sec. Entomological Society of London.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited pup and portions of pup of a
silk moth, Antherwa mylitta, selected from some scores of
specimens, which he had opened to see if they showed
stages of development agreeing with the examples given by
Dr. Spuler. Mr. Waterhouse’s remarks were illustrated by
a diagram. The results appeared to confirm Dr. Spuler’s
researches ; some specimens showed the tracheex, the median
vein having two branches, very rarely emitting a third branch
in the direction of the radial. Other specimens had faint
indications of the veins and of the discoidal spot of the
imago. Even at this very early stage the vein branching
from the subcostal vein to unite with the upper radial, and
the short branch uniting the second median vein with the
third median were distinctly traceable, no traches being yet
visible in these branches. Mr. Waterhouse said that these
specimens showed (1) that the branch vein connecting the
subcostal with the radial veins, and the short piece connecting
the second median with the third median veins were
developed quite independently of the trache seen in the early

Ct)

stages of the pupa; (2) that the subcostal trachea at quite a
late stage emitted a branch to join the radial vein, where it
either united with or took the place of the radial trachee ;
(8) that the median trachea at a late stage emitted a branch
to join the third median vein, which it entered and apparently
took the place of the first branch of the radial trachea.
Mr. Merrifield, Mr. Hampson, and Dr. Sharp took part in
the discussion which ensued.

Mr. E. E. Green remarked that in the Trans. Ent. Soc.,
1881, page 601, there was a short paper by the late
Prof, J. O. Westwood, describing a curious little insect from
Ceylon under the name of Dyscritina longisetosa. Prof.
Westwood believed his typical specimens to be immature.
Mr. Green exhibited what he supposed to be a later stage
of the same species. He said his example differed in some
particulars from Westwood’s description and figure—notably
in the proportions of the caudal appendages. Prof. West-
wood pointed out the affinities of Dyscritina to the Forfi-
culide. This was very apparent in the specimen under
consideration. Putting aside the nature of the caudal
appendages the insect was in all particulars an earwig.
The present specimen was taken in the Punduloya district
of Ceylon, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet. Mr. Green
said he had more than once seen this insect under loose
pieces of bark and in crevices of rocks, and had always
been struck by its likeness to an earwig both in appearance
and habits. Mr. McLachlan, Dr. Sharp, Mr. Gahan,
Mr. Blandford, and Mr. Hampson made some remarks on
the subject

Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited a Goliath beetle, from the
Upper Congo, which he believed to be the male of Goliathus
russus, Kolbe, described from a unique female example in the
Berlin Museum.

Mr, Blandford called attention to a case of the eye of a
boy affected with inflammation caused by the hairs of the
larve of Lasiocampa rubi. The attack recurred after an
interval of nineteen weeks, and in several continental cases
this recurrence of the attack had been found to take place,
and in some cases permanent injury to the eye had followed,

( iv )

Mr. Blandford discussed the various kinds of hairs on several
caterpillars, certain species having hairs of two kinds, one
kind being barbed, and thus having the power to work into
the skin. This was the case with Cnethocampa and Porthesia
similis; the urticating hairs in these species were from
‘1 to ‘2 mm. in length, sharply pointed at the base and
finely barbed, the apex in the latter species being trifid. The
number of these hairs on a single larva of C. processionea had
been estimated at 720,000. He said that the urticating
property of the hairs appeared to be mechanical: there was
no evidence of any poison glands. On this point the ex-
periments of Staff-Surgeon Liibbert (Judeich u. Nitsche,
Lehrb. der Mitteleur. Forstius., p. 907) appeared to him to
be conclusive. They showed that no reagent was capable of
extracting any irritating substance from the hairs, that they
retained their urticating properties without alteration and
indefinitely, and that these properties were unaffected by
treatment with acids, alkalies or other reagents, or heat, as
long as the structure of the hair remained unaltered. More-
over, hairs softened by prolonged maceration, e.g., in alcohol,
lost their power of irritation, but regained it fully on being
dried. He had examined the two hairs extracted from the
eye of Mr. Lawford’s patient, and found them to be identical
in all details with the shorter and stiffer hairs of the cater-
pillar of Lasiocampa rubi.

Mr. Lawford said he had had some difficulty in discovering
hairs in the lid, and he thought that the symptoms in the
case in question were not to be explained by mechanical
irritation alone due to the presence of hairs in the tissues.
The subject was a new one to him, and he had looked up all
the medical literature bearing on it. Lord Walsingham,
Mr. Tutt, Prof. Poulton, Canon Fowler, and Mr. Jacoby
made some remarks on the subject.

Papers, etc., read.

Dr. F. A. Dixey read a paper entitled ‘‘On the Relation of
Mimetic Patterns to the Original Form,’ in which he
dealt with (1) the Gradual Growth of a Mimetic Pattern;
(2) Sexual Dimorphism in Mimetic Forms; (8) Reciprocal

(Vv)

Mimicry between Inedible Forms, and (4) Divergent Members
of Inedible Groups. The paper was illustrated by coloured
_ drawings of the species referred to. The author said:

(1.) An objection often brought against the theory of
mimicry was the difficulty of imagining the first stages in
the production of a mimetic pattern. In reply to this Fritz
Miller urged that mimicry must be supposed to have origi-
nated between forms that already bore considerable re-
semblance to each other. His contention, though hardly
confirmed by the instances on which he relied, is sound in
so far as it emphasises the fact that the process of mimetic
assimilation depends’rather on the development of old than
on the starting of new features. An illustration of this is
afforded by a comparison of the non-mimetic butterflies,
Pieris locusta and P, phaloe, with the mimetic species of the
closely allied genus Mylothris, and with Heliconius numata,
which serves as the model for the latter; all these being
neotropical forms. The whole series shows (i.) that a
practically perfect mimetic pattern can be evolved by gradual
stages without any abrupt change ; (ii.) that it is not neces-
sary that the forms between which mimicry originates should
possess considerable initial resemblance; (iii.) that so small a
beginning as the basal red patches on the underside of the
hindwing of many Pierines gives sufficient material for the
assimilative process to work upon.

(2.) The feeble development of the mimetic pattern in the
males of this group calls for some explanation. No doubt
the females stand in greater need of protection, but does
there exist any active check on the fuller assumption of
mimetic patterns by the males? The retention of the
original white by the latter sex has been in similar instances
attributed to female choice; Mr. Wallace on the other hand
thinks it due to the difference of habits in the two sexes, the
females alone flying in company with the mimicked Heliconit.
But this leaves unexplained the presence of a partial mimetic
pattern in the male. The probability is that although on
the wing it may be advantageous rather than otherwise to the
male, as Mr. Wallace thinks, to be taken for an ordinary
white butterfly, yet when the insect is at rest, and settled

‘(( we)

with the wings erect, any Heliconine resemblance would
be to some extent protective ; and the whole aspect of these
males, the underside alone of which shows any mimetic
features, is the resultant of these two divergent tendencies.
The mimetic features of the male cannot be regarded as a
mere incidental result of the more complete transformation
of the female, because in many species of other groups the
female is completely mimetic while the male shows no
approach whatever to a mimetic change; moreover, there is
a species of Hesperocharis (H. hirlanda), in which not only
the male but both sexes show a partial mimetic pattern
no further advanced than that of M. lorena g or M. pyrrha
é. It is difficult to believe that in this case the pattern is
not in some degree protective.

(3.) Red basal spots in combination with a white or yellow
costal streak on fore or hindwing are found alike in some of
the mimicking Pierines, and of the mimicked Heliconii. These
spots are too widespread in the Pierine subfamily to have
arisen from imitation of the Heliconii. Their definite pre-
sence in the latter is probably due to reciprocal mimicry
between distasteful forms, as previously suggested by the
author. The same principle is applicable in a very large
number of mimetic groups, all or most of whose members
are probably inedible (Miillerian mimicry or convergence).
It would not be applicable in the longer-known cases where
a distasteful is mimicked by an edible form (Batesian
mimicry).

(4.) A curious case of a mimetic assemblage is afforded
by the Pierines Huterpe tereas and EF. bellona, together with
their respective models Papilio zacynthus and the Heliconii of
the erato group. The Papilio and the Heliconit have no
close resemblance to each other; but appear to be held to-
gether, as it were, by the intermediate Pierines. If the
Ffeliconti are considered as the models for the whole group,
the question arises, why F. tereas should copy a model (LP.
zacynthus @) and not a very good one, instead of the original
distasteful model (Heliconius). It is more probable that here
also we have an instance of an inedible (Millerian) associa-
tion; this conclusion being strengthened by the fact that a

Gy vat ~’)
certain amount of give-and-take, or reciprocal mimicry, seems
to have occurred not only between the Heliconii and the
Pierines, but also between the Pierines and the Papilio.

Dr. Dixey concluded by urging the importance of accurate
observations in the field, especially as regards the habits,
postures, modes and times of flight, prevalence, seasonal
occurrence and exact distribution of all forms associated in
mimetic relations. Only by such means, in conjunction with
experiments conducted in the midst of their natural surround-
ings, could the suggested explanations of these complex
phenomena be satisfactorily and finally tested.* °

Prof. Poulton expressed his gratification with the paper,
and at the fact that the Hope Oollection under his charge
had afforded material for the work. He thought the result
of the paper was to extend the theory of Fritz Miller over
some of the ground hitherto believed to be covered by the
theory of Bates. Myr. Blandford, Mr. Tutt, and Prof. Meldola
continued the discussion.

Dr. Sharp contributed a paper entitled ‘“‘ The Rhyncho-
phorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part IV.”

February I9th, 1896.

Professor RarpHart Merupoua, F.R.§S., President, in the
Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Election of Fellows,

Mr. T. Hudson Beare, of Park House, King’s Road, Rich-
mond; Mr. William James Kaye, of Worcester Court,
Worcester Park, Surrey ; and Mr. Charles H. Dolby-Tyler, of
the British Consulate, Guayaquil, Ecuador, South America,
were elected Fellows of the Society.

* The greater part of the above abstract has appeared in the “ British
Association Reports for 1894,””—H. G. and W. W. F., Eps.

( viii )

Exhibitions, ete.

Dr. D. Sharp exhibited preparations of Dytiscus latissimus
and Cybister roeselii, to show the so-called secondary wing,
noticed by Meinert. He stated that this structure is only a
part of the elytron, to which it is extensively attached, and
that he considered that it corresponded with the angle at the
base of the wing seen in so many insects that fold their front
wing against the body. He could not consider that this
structure afforded any support to the view that the elytra of
beetles correspond with the tegule of Hymenoptera rather
than with the front wings. He also exhibited specimens of
Neuroptera, and pointed out that this secondary wing agreed
in position and structure with a small lobe on the front wing
of Raphidia. Mr. McLachlan, Prof. Meldola, and Mr. Gahan
made some remarks on the subject.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited, for Dr. H. G. Knaggs, cells of
Retinia resinana formed of resin but lined with wax. A
portion of the cell had been removed and the resin dissolved
away with spirit, leaving a slight film of wax (cf. Ent.
Mo. Mag., Nov., 1895, pp. 251, 252). Mr. Tutt stated that a
secretion of wax had been detected by Dr. Chapman in Par-
nassius apollo. Prof. Meldola suggested that as Dr. Knaggs
had shown how to separate the resin from the wax it would
be of interest to make a chemical investigation of the latter,
since a sufficient supply of this material could easily be
obtained. No insect wax, with the exception of that of the
bee, had been submitted to investigation by chemists.
Mr. Hampson and Mr. Blandford continued the discussion.

Mr. Gahan exhibited drawings of the specimen of Dyscritina
longisetosa, which was shown by Mr. E. HE. Green at the last
Meeting of the Society, and pointed out that these drawings
confirmed the view which he then expressed as to its affinities.
Except as regards its caudal appendages the insect had, he
said, all the characters of an earwig. He regretted that no
drawing, showing the ventral surface, had yet been prepared
by Mr. Green. Mr. McLachlan, Dr. Sharp, and Mr. Green
made some remarks on the subject.

Mr. B. A. Bower exhibited specimens of Aryyresthia

( ix )

atmoriella, Bankes, taken in Kent, in June, 1894, a recent
addition to British Lepidoptera.

Mr. E. E. Green read notes on the habits of the Indian
ant, Gcophylla smaragdina, Fabry. He said he believed that
at some previous meeting of the Society, Mr. Ridley, of the
Singapore Museum, made some remarks on this ant and its
supposed habit of using its own larve as web-spinners in
the formation of its nest, but he had not been able to find
anything on the subject in the Proceedings. He stated that
he was now able to produce corroborative evidence from an
independent source. The facts were noted by his friend,
Mr. W. D. Holland, of Balangoda, Ceylon, a most careful
observer. Mr. Green exhibited the specimens referred to by
Mr. Holland, and pointed out that the larve were still tightly
grasped by the jaws of the ants, and he thought it probable
that other web-spinning ants utilized their larve in the same
way. He also read the following extracts from Mr. Holland’s
letters to him on the subject :—

‘“‘T send by this post a small bottle with ‘ red ants,’ and the
small grub they use to sew, or rather stick, the leaves to-
gether when making their nests. Their modus operandi is to
pull leaves together with their jaws, great numbers acting in
combination. When the leaves are in position they are sewn
together by the ants taking the grubs in their jaws and
passing them backwards and forwards from edge to edge of
the leaves to be sewn together. Where the grub touches the
leaf a thread is drawn out, adhering to the leaf much asa
spider attaches its thread. This process is repeated from edge
to edge until a felted waterproof kind of papery stuff is made,
somewhat resembling cigarette paper, by an innumerable num-
ber of threads glued or felted together. They also use these
grubs to spin webs when fortifying the tree in which they
live against the small ants with which they are continually
at war. Leaf stipules, dirt, small stones, etc., are brought by
the ‘red ants’ and inserted in the web spun with the aid of
the small grubs. On the tree I am watching now there is
nearly a complete circle round the trunk (a foot or more in
diameter). If you slightly part two leaves in a red ants’
nest, say a quarter of an inch, you will be able to see the

(a

process of fastening together again, though it is more
difficult to see in this case, as the sewing is done from the
inside. I saw it done myself, but could not make out the
process to my satisfaction until I saw the ants fortifying trees,
which, being done in the open, made the matter plain. Until
then I could not make out what the ‘ white thing was in the
ants’ mouth.’”’

Papers, ete., read,

Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot read a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on
Flower-Haunting Diptera.” The author pointed out that
some of the higher types of Diptera appeared to prefer red
and blue flowers, and oftener visited the complicated types of
plants than the smaller Hymenoptera. He also alluded to
the effect of insect visitors in isolating particular individuals.
Prof. Meldola expressed himself much interested in the paper,
and stated that although he was aware, from the writings of
Hermann Miller and others, that Diptera played an im-
portant part in the fertilization of flowers, he was unaware
of the very great importance which these insects possessed
for the function of pollination until he heard Mr. Scott-
Elliot’s paper. He also called attention to the urgent need of
a manual of British Diptera. Mr. Roland Trimen mentioned
that in South Africa some species of Orchidacew were
fertilized by Diptera. Dr, Sharp said Prof. Plateau thought
that neither the colour nor form of the flower played
any part in attracting insects. Myr. McLachlan remarked
that the flowers of Scrophularia possessed a great attraction
for wasps. Lord Walsingham enquired whether any obser-
vation had been made as to the Diptera which visited
differently coloured flowers of the same species, such as
Petunias. Mr. Barrett, Mr. Green, and Mr, Scott-Elliot
continued the discussion.

Mr. Tutt read the following paper, by Prof. A. Radcliffe-
Grote, entitled ‘‘On the Nomenclature of the Geometride ’’:—

“In the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 58, 1892, appeared an
extended paper by Mr. Edward Meyrick, on the classification
of the Geometride, The object of the present notice is to
offer comment on certain of the generic titles, without dis-

( xi)

cussing the systematic arrangement of the group therein
adopted. At the outset I may say it is a matter of regret
that Mr. Meyrick has not seen fit to give the name of the
typical species of each genus and the date of the generic
title. This would have made it easier for the nomenclator
to control the application of the terms, and might have
allowed me to extend the limit of this brief notice at the
present time.

‘* Geometra, Meyrick, l. c., 96. To this generic term Mr.
Meyrick cites Linné as authority, consequently papilionaria
must be assumed by him as type, since it is the only Linnéan
species included. But papilionaria became in 1806 (1811)
the type of Terpne, Hiibner, consequently the employment
of Geometra for this type is no longer admissible. The same
species is also made the type of Holothalassis, Hubner,
Verzeichniss, 285. I may say here, that in the Systema
Lep. Hildesiw, Aug. 15, 1895, I state my inability to give the
type of the Linnéan genus Geometra. Latreille, Gen. Crust.
Ins., 218, 1809, says: ‘ Linneus genus phalena in septem
sectiones distribuit:’ Attacus, Bombyx, Noctua, Geometra,
Tortriv, Pyralis, Tinea, Alucita. I have recently been able
to fix the type of Bombyx as mori, through Schrank, 1802,
who restricts the term to mori and versicolor, and again
through Ochsenheimer, 1810, who restricts the term still
further by making versicolor the type of Endromis, leaving
mori as the true type of Bombyx. I have also shown that the
type of Pyralis must be assumed as pinguinalis, again
through Schrank, 1802. But for the terms : Noctua, Geometra,
Tortriv, and Tinea, I can find, as yet, no type, and generic
terms without a type are useless in nomenclature, being
virtually nomina nuda until their types are ascertained.

‘¢ Plemyria, Meyrick, 1. c., 71. This is apparently the first
genus erected by Mr. Meyrick at the expense of Cidaria of
Lederer and Staudinger, as well as of Speyer, and conti-
nental writers. The generic title Cidaria is not only pre-
occupied, but it is later than a number of names proposed
for members of the Group by Hubner in the Verzeichniss,
1818 (1816—1827). Mr. Meyrick includes in his genus
Plemyria, the species hastata, L., and has thus apparently

(i-. <1")

overlooked the fact, that this species is the type of
Rheumaptera, Hiibner, 1806 (1811), and that this is the
earliest generic term applied to any member of the present
group. The initial fact, with which any study of this series
must commence, is expressed by thisname. Beyond Rheuma-
ptera for hastata, no generic title seems here to be quite
assured. Conceding Mr. Meyrick’s species to be correctly
associated, his genus, Plemyria, must give way to Rheumaptera,
with hastata as type. But there are further objections to
Plemyria. It is twice used in the Verzeichniss ; the second
time for fluviata (gemmata), for which species it not only falls
as a synonym, but the species itself is taken by Ochyria. The
first time it is used (p. 3827) by Hiibner for rubiginata,
Jluctuata, procellata, stragulata. Not one of these names
occurs in Mr. Meyrick’s list of species. Even if a specific
title there cited covers one of Hiibner’s original species of
Plemyria, the fact should have been mentioned, to avoid the
appearance of using a generic name for different species from
any of those for which it was originally proposed.

‘* Fustroma, Meyrick, l.c.,71. No mention is made by Mr.
Meyrick of the fact, apparent both from his diagnosis and the
list of species given by him, that this is equivalent to Lygris of
Lederer, 1852; the type of which is populata. For thisstructural
type the term Petrophora, Hiibner, 1806 (1811), is incorrectly
used by Dr. Packard, since the type of this name is maeniata.
Consequently Petrophora must be used instead of Ortholitha,
Hiibner, which falls as a synonym. ‘The trinomial use of
Petrophora, in the Sammlung, is not of authority, since our
nomenclature is binomial. And now as to Hustroma, It is
proposed in the Verzeichniss, 835, for sufumata, prunata,
silaceata, and reticulata. It contains thus two species in-
cluded by Lederer in his genus Lygris, and Mr. Meyrick’s
course virtually amounts to this, that he supplants Lygris,
with its type populata, by Fustroma, with the type reticu-
lata or prunata. The genus Lygris is proposed by Hiibner
on the same page, and immediately following, for pyropata
achatinata, populata, and pyraliata. The genus Lygris, of
Lederer, defined by the character of a hair pencil on the fore-
wings of the male primary beneath, contains as European

( xiii)

species: reticulata, prunata, pyropata, testata, populata, asso-
ciata. Thus Hibner’s genus Lygris is almost a clean one for
this type; as far as he knew the species, he left two in
HKustroma, while in Lygris he includes only one dissonant,
while similar looking, yellow winged form, which would
apparently fall into the section Cosmorhoe of Rhewmaptera,
were we to adopt Lederer’s classification, and name his
sections of Cidaria. Upon this ground Lederer’s action in
choosing Lyyris instead of Hustroma may be defended. But
in any event his action cancels the effect of the fact that
Eustroma precedes Lygris on the same page. From that time
the type of Hustroma must be sought in either swffumata or
silaceata, the remaining species after his restriction. Both
these and fluviata are referred by Mr. Meyrick to Hydriomene,
but this reference should clearly make Eustroma a synonym
of Hydriomene (teste Meyrick), and has no power to disturb
Lederer’s prior action as to Lygris. In these genera authors
are at variance as to their character and extent, but a struc-
tural type once precised by diagnosis, and with species covered
by the original application of the generic term should be
left as permanent. Another author may properly insist upon
suffumata or silaceata as distinct from Hydriomene, and restore
Eustroma for one of these, which became the true types of
Eustroma after Lederer’s course with regard to Lygris, and
the consequent removal of reticulata and prunata to that
genus. In this way we shall never gain ground in fixity, if
each succeeding author has the right to overturn the proper
work of his predecessor. Lederer gives us Lygris populata as
a second landmark in the Cidarian wilderness. In the
absence of any statement by Mr. Meyrick, showing that
Lederer’s prior action should not be followed, we may assume
that Lygris is the proper title for the genus, and that the type
is populata. It would seem, indeed, that Mr. Meyrick hag
here, as perhaps elsewhere, taken simply the oldest generic
name he found for any one of the species he would include
under his genus, without reference to its later use or restric-
tion. That this may sometimes be really the case appears
possible from Mr. Meyrick’s use of the following term.

‘« Hygrochroa, Meyrick, l. ¢., 118. Hiibner employs this

(> Sve)

term in the Verzeichniss, for syrinyaria and firmiana.
Unless these two are identical or congeneric, and from the
extent of my present knowledge I must assume neither to
be the case, the type of Hygrochroa became, in 1828, firmiana,
Cramer, through the action of Stephens in taking syrinyaria
as the type of Pericallia. Since Stephens’ term is pre-
occupied by MHiibner, Verzeichniss, 182, for Pericallia
matronula, I have labelled the material in the collection
Roemer Museum, Cyphosea syringaria, L. sp. I can attain
to no knowledge that Cramer’s species is the same as that
of Linné, which would justify Mr. Meyrick’s use of Hygro-
chroa, while all the authorities which I am now able to con-
sult, consider syringaria as peculiar and sud generis.

** Selenia, Meyrick, 7. c., 118. I had previously shown
that Hutrapela, Hubner, 1806 (1811), must be used for this
genus with the type lunaria.

. E'nnomos, Meyrick, J. c., 114. This term is correctly
employed by Mr. Meyrick, since Kugonia, Hiibner, com-
monly used for the species, is preoccupied in the Verzeichniss,
86,1818. Its use for a genus of Butterflies is sanctioned
by Mr. Scudder. The type of Hnnomos is alniaria, L. sp,

‘* Diastictis, Meyrick, /. c., 103. The type of this term is
artesiaria, The same term is subsequently used for argyralis
in the Verzeichniss, but its use in the Pyralide must of
course be abandoned. Mr. Meyrick, however, includes with
artesiaria the type of Cymatophora, Hibner, 1806 (1811).
Conceding the correctness of Mr. Meyrick’s grouping, then
this genus would have to be called Cymatophora with the
type roboraria. The species generally included under
Boarmia, Tr., appear to be divided between Diastictis and
Selidosema, by Mr. Meyrick. The American species formerly
classed under Boarmia have been separated by Dr. Packard
under Cymatophora, and the use of this term, at a later date,
in the Thyatiride has been properly abandoned. Again here
the use of Cymatophora as part of a trinomial term in the
Sammlung does not affect the question. Its type is roboraria,
but what American or European species agree with this type
it is not for the nomenclator to decide. All agreeing
with this type must be referred to Cymatophora, The
exceptional clauses in Mr. Meyrick’s diagnosis of Diastictis

Ci aye)

allow him to further include, in entire disagreement with
Continental authorities, the type melanaria. This species
is made the type of Rhyparia, Hubner, Verzeichniss, 805.
The term is there used by Hiibner for both grossulariata and
melanaria, and doubtless the correspondence in colour and
maculation induced their association. Since Rhyparia is pre-
occupied, ibid., 183, I have labelled the species in the Coll.
Roemer Museum as Hemipyrrha melanaria, L., sp.

‘“* Bupalus, Meyrick, l. c., 107. The type of Chleuastes,
Hiibner, 1806 (1811), is piniaria, and I know of no sufficient
reason why this term should not be used in place of Leach’s,
over which it appears to have decided priority.

“ Teucophthalmia, Meyrick, /. c., 91. For this genus the
term Cyclophora, Hubner, 1806 (1811), with the type pen-
dularia, should be employed.

“ Calothysanis, Meyrick, Ul. ¢., 91. For this genus the
term Hrastria, Hubner, 1806 (1811), with the term amata
(amataria) should be used. The employment of Frastria in
the Agrotide, being of subsequent date, should be abandoned.

‘A study of Mr. Meyrick’s paper is rendered a little diffi-
cult by the absence of index and of both generic and, in part, -
specific synonyms. ‘The omission of these details in a local
list of known species and genera would not be felt, but in a
new Classification becomes a hindrance to its comprehension.
The very interesting, but somewhat decidedly expressed,
remarks upon the origin and phylogeny of the different
groups, remain somewhat in the air, since their sufficient
support from metamorphological studies is wanting.”’

A discussion on the rules of nomenclature followed, in
which Lord Walsingham, Prof. Meldola, Mr. Hampson, and
Herr Jacoby took part.

March 4th, 1896.

Water F. H. Buanprorp, Hsq., M.A., F.Z.S., Vice-
President, in the Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

(- xvil }}

Election of a Fellow.

Mr. P. Marshall, M.A., B.Sec., F.G.S., of Canterbury
College, Lincoln, New Zealand, was elected a Fellow of the
Society.

Exhibitions, etc.

Mr. Percy H. Grimshaw exhibited specimens of Cephenomyia
rufibarbis, Meigen, a new British Bot-fly parasitic on the
Red Deer. He said that the specimens were collected by
Mr, L. W. Hinxman, in Ross-shire, in June and July, 1894,
and in the Cairngorm Mountains, in 1895.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited, for Mr. Porritt, a black variety
of Polia flavicincta, taken at sugar in his garden at Hudders-
field; a variety of Cosmia trapezina with a blue-black central
band; and a variety of Mania typica, with pinkish-white
central markings, bred by Mr. Turnstall of Huddersfield.

Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited specimens of the following
butterflies captured at Coomassie by Major Henry P. North-
cott during the recent expedition, viz., Papilio zenobia,
Elymnias bammakoo, Limnas alcippus, Romaleosoma gausape
(var.), Catuna cenobita, Terias sengalensis, and Neptis nemetes.

Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, Bart., M.P., exhibited specimens
of a small species of Diptera which he believed to be parasitic
on Trochiliun sphegiforme as he had bred a number from that
species. He remarked that 7’. sphegiforme, although one of
the most local and rarest moths in this country, had occurred
last year on the estate of Sir James Hills-Johnes, K.C.B.,
at Dolau Cothy, Carmarthenshire, in such numbers in the
larval state as almost to destroy the whole of the alders
crowing there. Mr. G. H. Verrall said that the insects
belonged to a species of Phora, possibly Phora rufipes, which
fed on almost everything but were not considered to be
truly parasitic; they seemed blacker than typical specimens
of that species.

Mr. Hampson exhibited an exotic species of Locustide
which Lord Walsingham had found in his conservatory at
Merton Hall, Norfolk. He stated that Lord Walsingham
had not imported any exotic plants for some years.

( xvi)

Dr. Sharp exhibited specimens of the pupz of Micropteryx
(probably semipurpurella) and drawings to illustrate their
structure. The pupe were sent to him by Dr. Chapman,
who had described their peculiarities in the Transactions of
the Society in 1898. Dr. Sharp considered the pupa to be
that of a Trichopterous insect ; most of its structures were
those of Trichoptera, and the account given by Dr. Chapman
of its emergence showed that this was essentially the same as
that of Trichoptera. He remarked that the imago of this
division of Micropteryx had been already shown to approach
Trichoptera in several respects, and suggested that it should
be treated as a group of Trichoptera whose larve are not
aquatic in habits. If this course were not adopted he felt
clear that Trichoptera could not be maintained distinct as
an order from Lepidoptera. He remarked on the peculiar
projection from the head of the pupa of Micropteryx, and
suggested that it might be comparable with the head-vesicle
of the nymph, or primary pupa, of Lepidoptera. He also
called attention to the importance, for a classification of
Lepidoptera, of obtaining a full knowledge of the structure
and life-history of Eriocephala calthella. Myr. McLachlan said
that so long ago as 1865 he had suggested the close affinity
of Micropteryx to the Trichoptera ; the opinion then formed
had since been much strengthened, but he was not disposed
to admit co-ordinal relationship. Mr. Hampson, Mr. Barrett,
and Mr. Blandford also took part in the discussion which
ensued.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a singular instance of monstrosity
in a Dragon-fly. The insect was a male of Heterina occisa,
Hag., from Venezuela. On the left side were three wings,
two mesothoracic and the other metathoracic; on the right
side only one wing, the metathoracic. The supplementary
wing on the left side was inserted almost immediately
beneath the ordinary wing; it was normal in form and
neuration, but the red pigment at the base (fully developed in
all the other wings) was not evident, the wing in this respect
being similar to those of highly immature examples of the
same species.

Mr, E. KE. Green exhibited a larva of an Homopterous

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I1., 1896. B

(. mv +)

insect—one of the Cicadine—from Ceylon, having what
appeared to be a head at its caudal extremity. He pointed
out that the larva had caudal appendages which might be
mistaken for hairy antenne, and pigment spots resembling
eyes on the antepenultimate segment of the body. The
insect walked either backwards or forwards, and when first
seen looked like a beetle of some kind, the caudal extremity
representing the head.

Papers, etc., read.

Mons. Louis Péringuey contributed a paper entitled
‘** Descriptions of New Species of South African Coleoptera,
chiefly from Zambesia.”’

Dr. Sharp read a paper, by Professor Williston, entitled
** On the Diptera of St. Vincent, West Indies. Part I.”

March 1I8th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Metpora, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Election of a Fellow.

Mr. T. A. Gerald Strickland, of Oakleigh, near Ascot,
Berkshire, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Eahibitions, ete.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited a series of drawings of
varieties of British Lepidoptera in the collection of Mr. 8S. J.
Capper, of Huyton Park, Liverpool. The drawings, which
were beautifully executed, were by Mr. 8. L. Mosley of
Huddersfield, and comprised 889 figures, representing 139
species, of which 83 were butterflies and 50 moths. Herr
Jacoby enquired whether any record had been kept of the
localities in which these varieties had been caught, or of the

( (xix )

conditions under which they had been bred. Mr. Barrett in
reply stated that none of the varieties exhibited had been
obtained by breeding under artificial conditions for the pur-
poses of experiment, but they were natural varieties, possibly
due to the influence of the climate or soil, or to the latitude
of the localities where they were caught or bred. Mr. Porritt
added that Mr. Capper had made a special collection of the
Yorkshire forms of Arctia lubricipeda.,

Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., exhibited a specimen of Procas
armillatus, taken on Durland Hill, near Chatham, during the
present month.

Herr Jacoby exhibited a specimen of Lowoprosopus ceram-
boides, Guér., from Brazil.

Mr. E. E. Green exhibited the eggs of some species of
Locustide extracted from the stem of a young Cinchona tree
at Punduloya, Ceylon. He said the species of the parent
insect was undetermined ; it was possibly either a Cymatomera
or a Cyrtophyllus, both of which possess large sabre-shaped
ovipositors, A slit half an inch deep and more than two inches
long had been cut into the hard wood, in which the eggs had
been symmetrically deposited, edge to edge, with the coloured
part inwards. The greater part of each egg was of fine
texture, and coloured green; but at the extremity from
which the young insect would make its exit the egg shell
was soft, pliant, and beautifully reticulated. The row of
flattened green eggs lying side by side resemble an acacia
leaf, but as they are concealed within the stem the resem-
blance was apparently without motive. It seemed curious
that as the eggs were embedded they should be brightly
coloured. Mr. Mclachlan and Dr. Sharp made some re-
marks on the subject.

Papers, etc., read.

Mr. Green read a short paper entitled “Notes on Dyscritina
longisetosa, Westw.” He remarked that drawings of the
species had been exhibited by him at a recent meeting of the
Society. Dr. Sharp said Mr. Green seemed to think that the
insect was an earwig, but he could not accept it as belonging

( xx)

to the Forficulide. He thought that further specimens for
examination were required before attempting to determine
its position, which was quite doubtful at present.

Mr. W. F. H. Blandford communicated a paper entitled
‘* Descriptions of New Scolytide from the Oriental and
Austro-Malayan Regions.”

April Ist, 1896.
Professor RapHari Menpora, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.
- Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Hlection of Fellows.

Mr. Luke Bishop, F.R.G.S., of 8, Tokenhouse Buildings,
E.C.; and Mr. Robert Nesham, of Utrecht House, Clapham
Park, 8.W., were elected Fellows of the Society.

Eahibitions, ete,

Mr. Champion exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Blatch, speci-
mens of (Quedius riparius, Kellner, captured in February last
on the banks of running streams at Porlock, Somerset. He
remarked that the insect was an interesting and unexpected
addition to the British list, and the second recent novelty
from the west country, the other being Ochthebius lejolisi,
Muls. and Rey, found at Ilfracombe in June last by
Mr. Bennett. It would seem to indicate that further
additions to our list of Coleoptera might be expected from
the country south of the Bristol Channel. He added that
Mr. Waterhouse had informed him that he had seen speci-
mens of the Quedius from Wales and Scotland. Mr. Water-
house said that Mr. Chitty and Mr. Beevor had shown him
specimens of Quedius riparius recently collected by them.

Mr. Champion also exhibited a small collection of
Coleoptera made by Mr. O. V. Aplin in Southern Tunis
during various expeditions inland from Gabes. The collec-
tion included some interesting Tenebrionide of the genera
Pimelia and Adesmia. My. Aplin noticed specimens of these

C xxie) )

insects impaled by shrikes. Dr. Sharp, Mr. R. Trimen, and
Mr. McLachlan made some remarks on the subject of the
impalement of insects by birds.

Mr. Goss exhibited, for Mr. Cameron, an apterous male of
Mutilla contracta taken by Mr. Rothney in Barrackpore,
India. The specimen was stated to be the first recorded
instance in this species of a wingless male, and was also
abnormal in having the thorax incised laterally.

Dr. Sharp called attention to the fact that at a recent
meeting of the Society (March 20th, 1895, see Proc., 1895,
p. X.) a specimen of a supposed dimorphic form of one of the
species of Dytiscus was examined, and Prof. Stewart enquired
whether any anatomical examination had been made of the
sexual organs. Dr. Sharp said that in the Comptes Rendus
Soc. Bordeaux, 1894, there was an account of the examination
of the sexual organs of the supposed second form of D. mar-
ginalis by Mons. Peytoureau, who came to the conclusion
that it was really a distinct species, which he called D. herbeti.
Dr. Sharp suggested that there must be some doubt as to
M. Peytoureau’s conclusion as there was a series of these
double forms in connection with this genus, and it would be
a very extraordinary fact if in one case the second form
should be a distinct species, while in other species of the
same genus the form corresponding to it should be only a
variety. Mr. Champion and Mr. Tutt made some remarks
on the subject.

Prof. Poulton exhibited examples of the type labels now in
use in the Hope Collection at Oxford, and illustrated their
employment by projecting on the screen, by the lantern, a
photograph of the Westwood types of African Husemia
described in F. Oates’ ‘‘ Matabele Land” (Lond., 1881). He
said that such labels, having been once set up in type, could
be reproduced in electrotype very cheaply and efficiently.
Black ink was considered better than red on account of its
greater permanence. Mr. Verrall said he was of opinion that
no species should be described from a single type, but from
many specimens, and he wished every so-called ‘‘ type’’ could
be destroyed as soon as a species had been described from
-it. He knew of cases in which a ‘species’? had been

( xxir, ))

described from a. single female specimen in bad condition.
Mr. Blandford explained the system of labelling types in the
Brussels Museum. Dr. Sharp, Prof. Meldola, Mr. McLachlan,
and Prof. Poulton continued the discussion.

Mr. Blandford exhibited a series of lantern slides showing
the uses to which photography could be put in entomological
illustration. The photographs shown included various
Saturntidea, Vanesside, species of Mamestra, Tipula, Ophion,
Carabus, Tucanus, Sitones, ete., as well as one or two
examples of insect-injury, and a view in Windsor Park
showing oaks defoliated by Vortrix viridana. Mr. Blandford
said that the photographs were taken without any consider-
able practice in photography; that good and _ well-set
specimens were desirable for reproduction ; the colour-values
had to be arrived at by the careful use of orthochromatic
methods, and a large lens of good focal length should be
used. Careful attention had to be paid to the lighting of the
objects, a point in which entomological experience was of
great value. The shadows cast by the insects were ob-
jectionable and could not satisfactorily be ‘‘ blocked out.”
He said that they could, however, be done away with by a
method used for some time by himself, and recently described
in an American journal, ‘The insects were pinned on to
small blocks of cork stuck on a sheet of ground glass,
which was illuminated from behind by white or grey paper.
Some experiments, which unfortunately had to be
abandoned, with a specially constructed lens, showed that
it might be possible to obtain satisfactory photographs of
such small insects as Sitones or Apion with an amplification
of two to five diameters. Prints could be made from the
negatives by photo-mechanical methods, but a large number
of the illustrations that have been thus published were of no
value owing to the inferiority of the process adopted.
Owing to the expense, and still more, the difficulty of
obtaining good illustrations of insects, photography deserved
more attention than it had yet received.

Prof. Meldola expressed surprise that photography had
hitherto been so little employed in the illustration of works
on Entomology.

(eS: e)

Papers, etc., read,

Prof. Poulton read a paper entitled ‘* On the Courtship of
certain European Acridiide.” The author said that these
observations upon the courtship of Swiss Acridiide were
made in the exceedingly favourable weather at the end of
August and beginning of September last year; and that he
was much indebted to Mr. F. Jenkinson, of Cambridge, and
Mr. F. V. Dickins for many independent observations and
valuable confirmation. The observations were almost all
‘made in the neighbourhood of the Weisshorn Hotel, high
above Vissoye, in the Val d’Anniviers. Prof. Poulton stated
that Dr. Sharp had been kind enough to name the species
referred to in the paper. The sombre brown male of
Pezotettix pedestris did not stridulate audibly and assumed no
remarkable attitudes, but lay in wait for the female and leaped
upon her unawares. The female almost invariably tried to
escape from the male, but if he succeeded in holding her for
a short time she submitted, and pairing took place. Before
pairing the male was seen to nibble the female gently with his
mandibles, and during the whole time that he was holding the
female, both before and during pairing, the male continually
moved his third legs up and down alternately. It was
suggested that this movement may be a vestige of true
stridulation, and that it may still perhaps be of value in
influencing the female in some way. It was frequently
observed that the females, although carrying males, and
in some cases pairing, were extremely indifferent, hopping
about, eating freely, and defecating, By keeping very
still it was possible to observe this and other species within
a distance of six or eight inches without disturbing them,
In strong contrast to Pezotettiv was the behaviour of
Gonphocerus sibiricus var. The males of this species courted
‘the females with much ceremony, raising themselves in a
very remarkable attitude, stretching out their four palpi,
stridulating, and in some cases patting or stroking the female
with their legs or perhaps antenne. In spite of this a success-
ful termination to courtship was never seen, although the
males were continually pursuing the females. Although both

(xxix)

sexes hopped freely when disturbed, the males invariably
ran after the females, and the latter only tried to escape
by running. In the case of Stethophyma fuscum the rivalry in
stridulation between the males was very apparent. Two
males were found fighting, and even then stridulation was
part of the contest, and always seemed to produce a very
irritating effect on the antagonist. In another case a
male was seen attempting to pair with a female which
was already paired, and in this case too stridulation played
an important part in the advances made by the former.
Stridulation was the chief or perhaps the only method of
courtship in two species of Stenobothrus, In Psophus stridulus
a rattling sound was made by the males during flight (pro-
bably by the wings), but they also made a curious kind of
twitter with their legs when in the presence of the females,
Prof. Poulton said that some slight observations upon Cidipoda
(probably (i. cwrulescens) were made at Fribourg, but far more
investigation was needed before it is possible to come to a
conelusion as to the habits of this species during courtship.
The habits recorded in the paper were greatly influenced by
temperature, and it was found that certain phases of court-
ship could be most satisfactorily studied when the insects
were first roused into activity by the morning sun. Prof.
Poulton further stated that it was probable that the pairing
time was nearly over in the case of some of the species under
observation, and this would explain the great difference
between Pezotettix and Gomphocerus in this respect. The
localities where the observations were chiefly made, and the
appearance of the three first named species, were illustrated
by lantern slides projected upon the screen.

Prof. Meldola expressed great interest in the paper, and
said that the observation of the habits of insects in the
field seemed to be much neglected by many Entomologists.
Dr. Sharp remarked that there was a greater variety in
‘the organs capable of producing sound in the Orthoptera
than was generally supposed.

Mr. G. F’. Hampson read a paper entitled ‘‘ On the Classifi-
cation of Three Subfamilies of Moths of the Family Pyralide ;
the Mpipaschtine, Endotrichine, and Pyraline.”

Chexy's)

May 6th, 1896.

Professor Rapnarnt Menpona, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Election of a Fellow,

Mr. Percy Evans Freke, of Step House, Borris, County
Carlow, Lreland, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Amara famelica,
Zimm., from Woking, Surrey, a recent addition to the
British list. He also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Dolby-
Tyler, a series of Hburia quadrinotata, Latr., from Guayaquil,
Keuador, showing variation in the number of the raised
ivory-white lines on the elytra, there being sometimes an
additional mark exterior to the short basal line and sometimes
an additional one on the inner side of the second line.
Mr. Gahan said he did not notice anything remarkable in the
species except in the arrangement of the spots.

Mr. Horace Donisthorpe exhibited a specimen of Ptero-
stichus gracilis with three tarsi on one leg, taken near
Weymouth last April.

Mr. G. T. Porritt exhibited a series of Arctia menthrastri
which he had just bred from Morayshire ova; the ground-
colour of the specimens varied from the usual white, through
shades of yellow, to smoky-brown.

Mr. Merrifield exhibited specimens of Gonepteryx rhamni
bred from larve found in North Italy and Germany, the
pupe of which had been subjected to various temperatures.

He said the general effect of high temperatures, up to 98° F.,
and of low ones down to 88° F. for twenty days, both of
which exposures were well endured and might doubtless with
this species be exceeded, was not considerable: the high
temperatures appeared to cause an increase of yellow scales in

PROC. ENT, SOC. LOND., U1, 1896. c

(- xxv 2)

the female, but he was not yet sure of this; in one exceptional
case there was so much yellow as to make it in appearance
almost intermediate between the two sexes. Low tempera-
tures in general reduced the size of the orange discal spot
on the forewings of both sexes, so that in a few it was scarcely
visible; in this respect there was a resemblance to the var. fari-
nosa from Kastern Europe, Armenia, and Syria, and the var.
nepalensis from North-West India, and it would be interesting
to learn whether these came from the plains or the moun-
tains. He also exhibited some species of Vanessa, the result of
experiments tried with a view to ascertain the extreme high
temperature that the pupze would bear, and its results. For the
benefit of other experimenters Mr. Merrifield said he might
mention that he had strong reason to believe that the greatest
results were obtained by a very high temperature—95° to
102° F. for different species—for from 12 to 24 hours imme-
diately after the pups had become hard or nearly so, gradually
lowered afterwards, but still kept high—say 85° F. or more—
till near emergence. Mr. Merrifield further exhibited some of
these high temperature results. In Vanessa atalanta the breadth
and brightness of the scarlet bands on all the wings would be
observed, and the appearance of scarlet patches and clouds
on parts ordinarily black; the scarlet patch close to and
above the projecting shoulder in the middle of the scarlet band
on the forewings and between it and the costa, he had not seen
before described; another unexpected result and not, he
thought, before noted, was the appearance of a long dash of
grey-blue scales near the inner margin of the forewing, and
on the inner side of the scarlet band. Some low temperature
~ examples were added for comparison. In the high temperature
Vanessa urtice exhibited, the three well-known isolated spots on
the forewings had in some almost disappeared, the blue was
much diminished, and the outer border of the forewings was
very much narrowed, especially tapering, almost to a point, at
the anal angle ; the outer edge of this border was very much
lighter in colour, and the outer edge of the forewing appeared
to be much less angulated than in normal specimens. In
this species also, some low temperature forms were shown
for comparison, and two of the Corsican V. urtiew var.

—

(say)

ichnusa. Mr. Merrifield said that his high temperature
examples resembled this local variety in some respects,
such as the increase in area of the red colouring and its
tendency to brick red, and the disappearance or great reduc-
tion of the three dark spots, but in the temperature speci-
mens this effect extended to the third spot, the one on the
costa, which was not the case in var. ichnusa; on the other
hand, the cooled specimens closely resembled the var. polaris.
Mr. Merrifield exhibited also some cooled V. antiopa, and a
normal specimen for comparison; with this species he had
not obtained results equal to those obtained and figured by
Dr. Standfuss, but the comparative darkening of the border and
great increase in the size of the blue spots would be noticed.
It was very gratifying to find that the effects of pupal tempera-
ture on the imago, and their causes, were now being made the
subject of systematic research, not only by Professor Weis-
mann, but by several other highly qualified observers, Dr. Stand-
fuss, Mr. KE. Fischer, and others, and it might be hoped that
they would be prosecuted and extended. He expected at a
future time to offer some observations on the general results
obtained. In the meantime it might be noted that what may be
termed the direct effect of temperature in some cases might be
taken as proved; also that, though, as a rule, the summer
pup appeared to respond much the more readily to varying
temperature, yet, in many species, among the Heterocera at all
events, the colouring and markings were much affected by
temperature applied in early spring to the winter pupe.

Mr. Elwes asked if these experiments had been made
on pup only or on the larve as well. Mr. Merrifield said
that the results were only noticeable when the experiments
were made on pupe. The effect of them on larvae was not
apparent.

Mr. Kirkaldy exhibited ova of Notonecta glauca var.
urcata, and read the following note :—

“In the Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1875, p. 204, Régimbart
briefly describes the oviposition of Notonecta glauca. He notes
that in the stem of a rush or other allied aquatic plant, a
separate incision is made for each ovum, which is inserted
two-thirds of its length, the cephalic extremity protruding.

(( Soxvill 9)

The specimens before you—owing probably to the absence of
rushes (Juncus) in the vessel, although Anacharis, which one
would have thought suitable, was in abundance—are entirely
external, affixed basally to the stalk by a glutinous substance
as in the allied Cortvida. That this basal-fixation is not
usual is evident from the fact that the ova are but feebly
adherent, dropping off upon a slight disturbance, whereas the
ova of the Corividw are attached exceedingly firmly.”

Mr. Tutt exhibited living larve of Apamea ophioyramma
together with the grass on which it was feeding. He said
the species was formerly considered rare in Britain, but was
now found freely in any localities where Ribbon grass
(Digraphis arundinacea) was plentiful. He enquired if the
grass on which the larve were feeding was identical with the
last named species. Professor Meldola said that perhaps
Professor Marshall Ward (who was present) would look at
the plant. Mr. Goss observed that the moth was common
on the banks and on the islands of the Thames, between
Kingston and Twickenham, and probably everywhere in the
neighbourhood where Ribbon grass was abundant. Mr.
McLachlan said the species was common about the Wandle
some twenty-five years ago, and the President stated that he
had taken it at Twickenham and Woodford, two widely
divergent localities.

The Secretary read the following note from Mr.
Meyrick :—

“In the report of the meeting held on Feb. 19th (Pro-
ceedings of the Society, 1896, pp. x-xv), is a short paper by
Prof. A. Radcliffe-Grote, criticising my use of some generic
terms in the group of Lepidoptera which he calls the Geome-
trida. Iwas not present to hear this read, or I would have
pointed out at the time that his criticisms all fall to the
eround, because he has failed to recognize that I intentionally
reject all the generic names of Hiibner’s ‘ Tentamen,’ which
he seems to suppose I have overlooked. I reject them because
they are unaccompanied by any diagnosis, and in this I am
supported by the great majority of zoologists. I think there
are other good reasons for their rejection, but am content to
rely on this, and shall continue to do so until a majority of

Ng

——

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a eo. 6 OR > ie ee eee

—— =

@ sexi)

zoologists decides in a contrary sense. It is sometimes stated
that the generic names of the ‘ Verzeichniss’ are unaccom-
panied by diagnoses, but this is not so; the characters used
are, it is true, often based on markings only, but they are
really diagnostic, and, in fact, more scientific than those of
many later writers who have pretended to draw up structural
definitions, which, after all, defined nothing. It must be
remembered that the ‘ Verzeichniss’ is analytical, the generic
definitions consisting, in fact, not only of the characters
immediately prefixed tc the genera, but also of the others,
defining each of the uumerous divisions and subdivisions.
under whose heading the genus falls. ‘I refrain, then,
from pointing out t | inconsistencies and errors in Prof.
Radcliffe-Grote’s crit sms, because I reject the main assump-
tion on which the cri ismsare based. He must convince me
that these names of loubtful value, doubtful date, doubtful
publication, but unc ibtedly undefined, are good, before I
need discuss the app.ication of them.”

Prof. Meldola sited that there were two papers to be
read, but that the T’ asurer had given notice of a subject
for discussion, and’ ° would ask him to introduce his subject
first. It was “A cussion as to the best means of pre-
venting the extin: « | of certain British Butterflies.”

Mr. McLachlan saic that so long ago as 18938 he chose the
subject of the decadence of British butterflies as a subject for
a Presidential Address to the West Kent Natural History
Society. The remavks he then made were published in
the ‘‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’”’ (June, 1893), in a
somewhat abridged form, and he thought a good many pre-
sent would remember the fact. He took it for granted that
British butterflies were on the downward scale. It was
certain that in the neighbourhood of London many butterflies,
common about the year he was born, or earlier, had become
extinct. Within the last fifty years, he thought three of our
British butterflies—Chrysophanus dispar, Lycena acis, and
Aporia crategi, had almost, if not entirely, disappeared. The
species, being weakened by some circumstances or other, were
unable to } xld up against a bad season or a series of bad.
seasons, anu so disappeared. ‘There were suspicions gener-

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 11., 1896. D

(xx: 2)

ally entertained that the action of collectors had had a good
deal to do with such disappearances. That might or might
not be. Then there were certain butterflies that were
vetting, year by year, more restricted in their range. One of
these was Melitea cinvia. He thought it had disappeared
from its favourite places in the Undercliff of the Isle of
Wight, and that if it existed at all, it was only in some
of the woods more in the centre of the island. Whether
it existed on the mainland of the South of England, he
did not know, but he thought it didnot. Mr. McLachlan then
referred to the case of Lycwna arion, which was, he said,
formerly common in the West of England, from Dorsetshire
to Devonshire, but was becoming rarer year by year. In
some localities the firing of the herbage had been a primary
cause of its disappearance. In others, he was inclined to
think that over-collecting had had a good deal to do with
its disappearance, and this opinion was supported by the
fact that where collecting had stopped, the insect was
again becoming more common. It was discovered, about
ten years ago, in Cornwall, and still existed there in
considerable numbers, although he heard it was becoming
rarer. One of the objects he had in bringing the matter
forward was to see whether some plan could not be devised
to protect local insects in their particular localities. He
was not one of those who believed in the absolute power
of man to exterminate species. But he did believe that in the
case of a local butterfly, five or six energetic collectors could
capture nearly every specimen on the wing on a particular
day. He thought some plan should be devised for checking
over-collecting. Papilio machaon flourished in one or two of
the fens in the Eastern Counties, year by year, notwith-
standing the ravages made on it. Had it the same habits
here that it had on the Continent, it would have gone years
ago; but in this country its larve apparently fed on a plant
that only grew in these fens. But it was hard pushed, and
only required a bad season or two to extinguish it alto-
gether. He should hope to hear some remarks as to pro-
tecting the two species he had especially mentioned, viz. :
M. cinvia and Lycena arion. His idea was that one of the

(eae 1)

best plans would be the formation of a Committee of the
Society (not composed necessarily of members of the Council),
to consider the whole subject.

Prof. Meldola said he quite sympathised with the remarks
of the Treasurer, and if he spoke then he must beg the
Fellows to excuse his interference at that point, because he
would probably soon have to leave the Chair in the posses-
sion of a Vice-President of the Society. It did seem to
him very desirable that some steps should be taken, even
although, as Mr. McLachlan said, there might be some doubt
as to man’s agency in the matter of extinguishing a lingering
species. But if there was any doubt let the butterflies have
the benefit of it, and let steps be taken to check the depre-
dations of the avaricious collector, and, worse still, the
dealers. As an abstract principle it was very well to make a
general statement of that kind; the difficulty would come in
reducing it to practice. He thought the Treasurer’s sugges
tion that a Committee should be formed was at any rate a step
in the right direction. He did not see how they were to go
to work, but it had occurred to him that in a case of this kind,
representations might be made to the local Societies with
a view to approaching the landowner on whose property
the rare species occurred, and asking him to take it under
his care. He thought most landowners would see the
importance of doing so. For insects the Society could
not appeal to popular sentiment. The birds had the benefit
of an Act of Parliament, but the Society could not appeal to
the public for the preservation of butterflies. He thought
some strong resolution passed by the Society, possibly in con-
junction with kindred Societies, might produce some effect.
The botanists were in an equal plight ; they dared not reveal
localities for fear of the extermination of species. He
thought representations might be made to schoolmasters with
the object of inculcating a little mercy into schoolboy
collectors. The mere sight of butterflies at large was a
pleasure of which we ought not to be deprived because certain
persons desire to have long rows of them on pins. He was
happy to believe that the practice of making pictures out of
butterflies’ wingshad died out.

(pesca, *))

Mr. Goss stated that he could confirm what Mr. McLachlan
said as to the disappearance of Melitea cinvia from many of its
old localities in the Isle of Wight. In 1873 he found it in
a cove at St. Lawrence, four miles west from Ventnor. A
few years afterwards it had entirely disappeared from that
locality, but was abundant at Mirables, some two miles
further west, both in 1878 and 1882. Last year, in the old
localities, he could not find a single specimen, but some
miles further west they were plentiful. A great part of the
ground over which they occurred in the new localities was
almost inaccessible, and that possibly accounted for their
preservation. Mr. Goss also said that in 1887 he explored the
Norfolk Broads in a boat, for a range of from fifteen to twenty
miles, landing on several fens, and found Papilio machaon
extending over the whole district. He observed that in Cam-
bridgeshire he was afraid it might in time disappear from its
chief locality, Wicken Fen, but that it would linger on in some
of the smaller fens—such as Chippenham, where the larvee had
been found on Angelica sylvestris. In Soham, near Wicken Fen,
the children were paid by dealers to collect the pupe, but only
certain parts of the fen were accessible, the three years’ growth
being impenetrable. As to Lycena arion, he said that, in 1866,
when he was staying at Oundle, in Northamptonshire, for
the purpose of collecting Thecla pruni, he was told by the
Rev. W. Wall, formerly Rector of Thurning, Hunts (whose
Rectory adjoimed Barnwell Wold) that he had not seen L. arion
since the wet summer of 1860. It seemed to have gone
rather suddenly, and its disappearance did not appear due
to collecting alone. My. Goss said that in 1876 he went
down to Gloucester in June, and was taken by a correspon-
dent to a spot eight miles distant, in the hill country, where
L. arion was very plentiful. In the following year he visited
the neighbourhood again, and found the range of the species
was more extensive than was supposed, extending in scattered
localities for about fifteen miles. He visited the locality again
in the middle of June, 1888, a cold, wet, and late summer,
but could find no specimens, and thought arion was extinct.
It occurred again freely in 1888, after the grand summer of
1887. He also saw specimens in the same localities in 1890.
Last year a friend of his went to the Cotswolds, on his recom-

Cy xxx) )

mendation, and had very fair success with the species over an
extensive range of country. In South Devon, where L. arion
was formerly abundant, its extinction was apparently caused
by the burning of the herbage. As to the Cotswolds the
specimens there were, as a rule, smaller than those from
Devonshire or Cornwall, and were less brightly coloured.
Some persons thought the species was dying out, but he did
not think there was much chance of L. arion being entirely
extirpated, in consequence of its wide range in the extreme
south-west. <Aporia crategi had disappeared about 1882, but
he did not think that such disappearance could be ascribed to
over-collecting. It was locally abundant in the New Forest
in 1866, 1868, 1869, and: 1870, and had an extensive range
in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire, but disappeared
suddenly about 1882 or 1883.

Mr. Elwes said the question seemed to him to divide itself into
two parts: (1) The causes of the increasing scarcity and partial
disappearance of our butterflies, and (2) The means of pre-
vention. As to (1) he was perfectly ready to admit that greedy
collectors might cause scarcity, which, followed by inclement
and bad seasons, might lead to the total disappearance of a
species, but he believed that climate, and a succession of bad
seasons, had infinitely more effect than the efforts of all the
collectors put together. We had not had a good farmer’s
year since 1874. With regard to the question of L. arion
he happened to live in a district where it was extensively found.
He had seen it in three or four places on his own property
not less than ten or twelve miles from the place where it used
to be most looked for; but, on the other hand, in two or three
places where the species used to abound he could now find
none. He was firmly convinced that if the butterfly had
adapted itself to the climate and vegetation of the neighbour-
hood, its existence in these spots would soon have been followed
by its increase ; and the fact that it had not increased in places
where he knew it occurred formerly was the best possible proof
that something was wanting either in the climate or the vege-
tation. Nearly all the butterflies mentioned were very com-
mon, and not at all local, on the Continent. You found them
everywhere there in places absolutely the most unlikely, under

() Sxxxy; 9)

very different conditions, both of soil and climate, and in
places, too, where the plants we considered necessary to
them did not exist. He thought that was an additional
proof that their disappearance was more or less a question of
climate. When we came to the second head, how collectors
were to be stopped, he did not think much could be done.
Powers had been given to the County Councils to list certain
birds during the breeding season, and prosecutions had been
enforced for taking the nests of those birds. Only the other
day, through the exertions of the Eastern Counties’ Natural
History Society, the foreshores all over the Hast Coast were
declared prohibited grounds. He had given orders on his own
land to the same effect, but with four hundred dredgers work-
ing there it was impossible to carry the orders out. He knew
a gentleman who appointed an inspector to guard and watch
in his district, and he succeeded for a little while. It was just
the same with the Osprey in Scotland. As to stopping the
schoolboy by a remonstrance to his master, he had not much
faith in it. He believed two or three favourable seasous would
do more to increase the numbers of a species than all the
efforts of collectors did to decrease its numbers.

Mr. Crowley observed that in hisown district he re-
membered, some forty years ago, Vanessa polychloros breeding
in elm trees; but he had not seen it lately. V. urticw and
V. to were also much commoner formerly. He had not
seen Aporia crategi for thirty years. Melitwa artemis used
to occur in one meadow near Alton, Hants. He used to find
it freely twenty-five years ago, but he never found it now.

Mr. Goss said M. artemis was, to his knowledge, still
abundant in some parts of Hampshire, Gloucestershire and
Cumberland.

Mr. McLachlan observed that with regard to Mr. Elwes’s
remarks, he would point out that in a paper read by him
some three or four years ago, he touched on all the points he
raised. He quite agreed with him as to natural causes
playing the greater part, but he thought that over-collecting
might be ‘‘ the last straw.”

Mr. Tutt stated that Apatura tris used to be common at
Chattenden, Kent, but it was now positively extinct. He had

(xxv)

seen ten collectors (including two dealers) standing in a straight
line in its restricted haunts, and the poor butterfly had cer-
tainly been over-collected. He thought one particular man
practically extirpated Melitwa athalia at Chattenden. He
remembered that a collector admitted taking 60 specimens
of Lycena arion in a year at Barnwell Wold, 50 the next
year, and so on. The whole question was one for local
Societies. If it was known that a species was being extermin-
ated in a particular district the local Society could be asked to
take some action in the matter. He thought the idea of mak-
ing laws was absurd. The local Societies might easily take
the subject in hand; but he did not think a resolution of any
Society would have much effect on the greedy collector.

Walter F.H. Blandford, Esq., M.A.,F.Z.8., Vice-President,
then took the chair.

My. Blandford said he thought if the Society itself appointed
a Committee, and the terms of the reference were as open as
possible, that would meet the views of all.

Mr. Waterhouse expressed an opinion that the Meeting had
no power under the Bye-Laws to appoint a Committee, but he
considered that they should request the President to lay the
matter before the Council, and ask them to appoint a
Committee as soon as possible to investigate the matter.

Mr. McLachlan said he thought that was what was in-
tended. He hoped some report of this discussion would get
into the papers, and shame some of the would-be despoilers.
Would it not be desirable to co-operate with other Societies
for the preservation of plants ?

Mr. Elwes said he thought that would probably be done.
The Council could communicate with the Selborne Society
and others of a like kind. He would move that a Committee
be appointed with power to add to its numbers if thought
necessary.

Mr. Blandford said that that was in the mind of the Council.

Mr. Goss asked Colonel Irby if he would state how and
when Lycena arion disappeared in Northamptonshire.

Colonel Irby stated that L. arion had disappeared many years
ago not only from Barnwell Wold, Northamptonshire, but from
another part of the county on the estate of Lord Lilford, not

(Gesoqnt 9)

accessible to the public, and that its disappearance there was
no doubt caused by the destruction of the food-plant and other
herbage by burning the pasture, and by the grazing of
sheep.

Mr. Tutt moved, and Mr. Elwes seconded, a resolution to
the effect: ‘‘That the Council be requested to appoint a
Committee (not necessarily restricted to Members of the
Council or of the Society) to investigate the matter.”” The
resolution was carried unanimously.

Papers read.

Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall communicated a paper entitled
** Notes on Seasonal Dimorphism in South African Rhopa-
locera.”’

Mr. P. Cameron communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Descrip-
tions of new species of Hymenoptera from the Oriental
Region.”

June 4, I896.
Dr. Davin Suarp, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Gervase F. Mathew exhibited the new species of
Leucania, L. jflavicolor, recently described by Mr. Barrett
(Ent. Monthly Mag., 2nd series, vol. vii., p. 99), and also the
varieties of L. pallens noticed by Mr. Barrett in the same
article (J. c., p. 100). He also exhibited a remarkable variety
of Mamestra abjecta, which bore a close resemblance to
Apamea gemina var. remissa and to Hadena geniste, and a
bred specimen of Hupithecia castigata (?), with nearly the
whole surface of the wings (the margins excepted) denuded
of scales.

Mr. Elwes exhibited a collection of butterflies taken in the

( xxxvi )

neighbourhood of Gibraltar during last April, and said that
he had found the district very unproductive, owing to the
great drought. Mr. J. J. Walker remarked that Mr. Elwes
had been very unfortunate, as during three spring seasons —
his experience had been very different; at the same time it
seemed to be agreed that Spain, as a whole, was not so rich in
Lepidoptera as in other orders of insects.

Dr. Sharp exhibited on behalf of Mr. Hampson specimens
of the female of Oiketicus crameri, recently sent by Mr.
Dudgeon from Sikhim. ‘The females in this species are so
maggot-like that it is difficult to recognize them as perfect
moths. ‘There were also two pupa shells, one of which was
used as a receptacle for eggs, and in the other eggs had
hatched, so that it had the appearance of a pupa filled with
young larve.

Mr. R. W. Lloyd exhibited a specimen of Athous hemor-
rhoidalis, from Savernake Forest, Wilts., with a curious mal-
formation of the right antenna,

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited several branches of oaks from
the New Forest entirely denuded of foliage, and stated that
throughout large tracts of the Forest the oaks had been
stripped of their leaves in the same fashion by Lepido-
pterous larve, especially Cheimatobia brumata, Hybernia
defoliaria, and Tortrix viridana. Certain trees, however,
though situated among the denuded trees, had quite
escaped. Dr. Sharp suggested that they belonged to a
different species; but Mr. Waterhouse said that he had
carefully examined them, and that this was not the
ease. Mr. Mclachlan said that the immunity of the
trees referred to was probably due to irregularity in coming
into leaf. The discussion was continued by Mr. Elwes,
Mr. Champion, Mr. Blandford, Mr. Jacoby, and others.

Mr. Tutt exhibited living pup of Mnodia hyperanthus and
E’pinephele ianira, and pointed out how different the pupe of
these two species were in general appearance, structure, and
cremastral attachment from each other. He pointed out
that these two species had for a long time been erroneously
placed in the same genus, but that, in all stages, they were
widely separated, and that not only should they be placed in

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv., 1896. E

(xxvii), )

different genera, but that they appeared to belong to different
tribes—Fnodia hyperanthus being in the Canonymphidi and
Epinephele ianira in the Epinephelidi (vide Entom. Record,
vii., p. 801). Healso exhibited living pupe of Thecla pruni
which had been sent to him by Mr. H. Mousley. He called
attention to the great resemblance that the pupa bore, in its
dorsal aspect, to a birddropping. Blackin ground colour, the
two whitish prothoracic patches and the similarly coloured
metathoracic patch which extend transversely across the
constricted waist, give it a resemblance that cannot be mis-
understood.

Mr. Blandford exhibited living specimens of Callidiwn
rariabile, L., bred from the bark of beech timber from
Blenheim Park.

Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited two specimens of Osphya bi-
punctata, F., which he had taken at Chattenden Roughs, and
two species of Psylliodes cyanoptera, Ill., from Wicken.

Canon Fowler exhibited specimens of Xyletinus ater, Panz ,
taken by Dr. Chapman in Herefordshire ; this was the first
time this beetle had been recorded from this or the neigh-
bouring counties.

Mr. Blandford exhibited and described series of Tropical
American butterflies from the Godman-Salvin collection,
arranged to slow the existence and geographical distribution
of homceochromatic groups.

Mr. Elwes characterised the exhibition as the most
interesting that had been before the Society for many
years, and hoped that the series would not be broken up,
as was intended, until an opportunity had been found for
full discussion of the various questions raised. The
latter point was also urged by Dr. Sharp and Colonel
Swinhoe, and at the conclusion of the meeting Mr. Bland-
ford announced that Myr. Salvin had kindly consented that
the series should be kept intact in order that it might form
the subject of a special discussion later in the year, and that
he himself would defer the publication of his remarks in
view of the anticipated re-opening of the matter.

Mr. Tutt, having carefully examined the specimens
of Leucania fiavicolor, said that he considered it as highly

(xxix? )

probable that it was a remarkable form of Leucania pallens,
but that more material was required before a final opinion
could be formed. The remarkable transverse (elbowed) line
of dots crossing the forewings was exactly parallel with that
of Leucania straminea and L. impura ab. punctalinea, and for
an aberration of this character to occur in L. pallens was as
probable as in L. impura, the typical form of which is but
sparingly dotted in the direction of the elbowed line. The
hindwings showed almost identical characters in the dark
shading, traces of dots in nervures, &c., as the red aberrations
of L. pallens exhibited by Mr. Mathew. He considered that
until the matter of its specific distinctness was finally settled,
Mr. Barrett had erred on the right side in giving it a dis-
tinctive name, even if the name subsequently fell as an
aberration of L. pallens.

Paper read.
Dr. Chapman communicated a paper entitled ‘‘On the
Phylogeny and Evolution of the Lepidoptera from a pupal
and oyal standpoint.”

October 2lst, 1896.

Professor RarHart Menpoua, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., exhibited a specimen of Emus
hirtus, L., taken at Gore Court Park, Sittingbourne, Kent,
on the 30th May last.

Mr. W. B. Spence sent, from Florence, for exhibition,
some specimens of a cricket, Gryllus campestris, in small wire
cages, which he stated were, in accordance with an ancient
custom, sold by the Italians on Ascension -day.

(ah

Mr. F. Enock exhibited a specimen of the curious aquatic
Hymenopteron Prestwichia aquatica, ¢, which Sir John
Lubbock first captured in 1862, but which had not been
recorded since that date until its rediscovery in May, 1896.
Mr. Enock said that the male had remained unknown until
June last, when he captured several swimming about in a
pond at Epping. The male was micropterous, and, like the
female, used its legs for propelling itself through the
water.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a beautiful aberration of Tephrosia
bistortata (crepuscularia), in which the ochreous ground-colour
was much intensified, and the transverse shade between the
median and subterminal line was developed into a brown
band; the transverse basal, median and subterminal lines
on the forewings, and the median and subterminal lines on
the hindwings, being strongly marked in dark brown.
It was taken by Mr. J. Mason at Clevedon in March, 1893.
Mr. Tutt further drew attention to the fact that it would be
well if the Fellows of the Society would, in future, to clear
up the confusion between this and the allied species, use
the synonymy recently worked out at length by
Mr. Prout. He had concluded that the double-brooded
species, normally appearing in March and again in July,
should be called bistortata, Goetze (= biundulata, Vill,
crepuscularia, Dbldy., laricaria, Sta.), whilst the single-
brooded species, appearing normally in May, should be called
crepuscularia, Hb. This latter has for some time, in the
magazines, been called biwndularia, Esp. It is the crepus-
cularia of Stainton’s Manual. He had no doubt whatever
of the distinctness of the two species which Mr. Barrett
would unite, and the difference of opinion at present existing
was largely a matter of definition as to what constituted a
species. Mr. Tutt also exhibited the cocoons, pupal-skin, and
aberrations of the imago of Zygena exulans. The cocoons
were spun upon one another, five in a cluster, and
Mr. Tutt stated that the species was exceedingly abundant in
the pupal and imaginal stages during the first week of
August on the mountain slopes above Le Lautaret, in the
Daupkiné Alps, at from 7,000 to 9,000 feet elevation. The

( mi)

pupa-skin was very similar to those of other Zygenids. The
imagines exhibited were all aberrations, and consisted of
females of the ab. flavilinea, with bright yellow nervures ;
a large male and several females of the ab. striata, with the
red spots more or less confluent and developed into streaks ;
also, an unique female aberration in which the wing, from
the base to far beyond the centre was entirely crimson.

Mr. Warburg exhibited a long series, showing considerable
variation in colour and curve of line, of what are considered
on the Riviera to be typical Bombyx querciis and ab. spartii,
with a few preserved larve of each. According to Hubner,
the insect he ealls spartii differs from quercis in being
darker brown with a white dot instead of a lunule, and a
narrower straighter band sharply defined outside in the ¢.
The fringe of hair was in the male dark brown instead of yellow
ochre. This description on the whole fits fairly with both
the S. French (Cannes) varieties, which are differentiated by
the colour of the larve, spartii being more fulvous than
queretis, According to Guenée this difference is constant, a
point which he said he was hoping to ascertain soon. Guenée
separates ¢¢ of spartii from querctts by the following
character, that spartii has the band of the forewing whiter in
colour than that on the hindwing, a character which however
appears to be present in Cannes querciis. His specimens of
both pupated about May, and emerged from 28th July, 1896,
to end of October, ovipositing as soon as paired. Some ova
were still unhatched and a few larve were already in their
second skin. He aiso exhibited a series of Aberdeen Bombyx
callune and some Swiss b, querciis.

Dr. Sharp exhibited a specimen of a lepidopterous insect
that had been alluded to in ‘“‘ The Entomologist’s Monthly
Magazine,” Sept., 1896, p. 201. It was a caterpillar which
had received the eggs of a parasite on the anterior part of the
body; the abdomen, nevertheless, went on to the pupal meta-
morphosis, while the head and thorax remained attached to
it in the caterpillar stage. He also called attention to some
peculiarities in the pupa of Plusia moneta, pointed out to him
by Mr. Fleet; in this species the pigmentation varies greatly
in extent, and is sometimes entirely absent.

( ‘xl )

Mr. Blandford called attention to the recent discoveries
relating to the Tsetse fly, made by Surgeon-Major Bruce in
Zululand, which proved that this insect affected animals by
injecting them with a parasitic Protozoon. The parasite was
communicated from wild animals to domestic animals, and
was probably more widely distributed than was generally
believed, it, or a closely allied form, having been found in
India and England in sewer rats. He said that Surgeon-
Major Bruce had proved that the Tsetse fly was pupiparous,
which was of importance as affecting the classification of
the Diptera. Dr. Sharp said that in his opinion the Tsetse
fly would cease to be troublesome with the advance of
civilization.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited the pupa-skin, cocoon and
eggs of Hesperia comma, L., found on chalk hills near Reading
by Mr. A. H. Hamm. He also exhibited and remarked on a
series of both forms of Tephrosia crepuscularia and T, biundu-
laria, showing an unbroken line of variation from brown to
white and also to grey and black. In addition, he showed
several second-brood specimens of both forms obtained in the
past summer by Mrs. Bazett of Reading. Mr. Tutt and Mr.
Fenn made some remarks on the specimens exhibited.

Papers, etc., read.

Mr. Tutt read the following paper entitled ‘‘ On the specific
identity of Cenonympha iphis and C. satyrion.”’

‘* In Staudinger’s Catalog, p. 32, the author gives satyrion,
Ksp. (= philea, Hb.) as a variety of Canonympha arcania.
He diagnoses it as ‘ var. alpina, minor, subt. fascia squali
alba, supra g¢ sepius [@ rarius] tota fusca.’ He mentions
as localities for it, ‘Alps, Mountains of Central France.’
Kane, in ‘ European Butterflies,’ p. 183, follows Staudinger,
and adds: ‘It is a variable form, and often approaches C.
arcania in more than one character.’ This view has been
repeated to me more than once in correspondence by col-
lectors, who ought, at least, to have doubted that a species
like C, arcania should have two so different Alpine forms as
darwiniana and satyrion.

“In referring to Mr. Lemann’s translation of Frey’s

( xiii)

‘Butterflies of Europe,’ p. 88, I was interested to see that
that author did not agree with Staudinger’s views. He
treats satyrion as a distinct species, and remarks of its dis-
tribution in Switzerland: ‘On all the Alps (from Wallis to
the Tyrol) somewhat variable, but without passing into
C. arcania. Commences to appear at about 4,000 feet. At
7,000 feet it begins to get scarcer in our fauna region, whilst
1,000 feet lower it often oceurs very abundantly.’ Ruhl also
adopts this view, and treats satyrion as a distinct species,
whilst I recently observed that Dr. Jordan wrote many years
ago (E. M. M., xvi., p. 89): ‘It requires a great amount of
faith to believe C. satyrion to be the same as C. arcania, At
Heidelberg, C. arcania is most abundant and has exactly the
same habits as tithonus, flitting about amongst the bushes
and settling on the blossoms. C. satyrion, like pamphilus, is
essentially a grass insect, and apparently very little subject
to variation,’

** Tn the opinion that C. satyrion and C.arcania are distinct
species, I quite concur, and would suggest that, with the
exception of the white band bearing the ocellated spots on
the underside of the hindwings, the two species have no
other character in common.

‘‘ Like most other lepidopterists, I have tried to unite
satyrion with arcania. Like Frey I have failed, although the
series of C. arcania var. darwiniana, which were captured on
Monte Cristallo (Cortina), on August 8th, 1895, at an
elevation of about 5,500 feet, by Dr. Chapman and myself,
and which I now exhibit, shows some approach as a con-
necting medium, when compared with the typical C. arcania
taken at Mendel Pass on July 31st, 1895, at rather less than
4,000 feet elevation. The approach is to arcania in the
females, and to satyrion in the darkest males of the darwiniana
group, which are becoming somewhat unicolorous; but I
think you will agree with me that the superficial resemblance
between these more unicolorous males of darwiniana and the
brighter of the Lautaret males of C. iphis is actually greater
than that between them and the especially bright males of
satyrion from the Swiss Alps, which were sent to me by
Prof. Blachier of Geneva. I have looked through the

( xiv)

British Museum material (containing Zeller’s and Frey’s
insects) and this helps me less even than the specimens I
am exhibiting, to unite, even in the most superficial and
artificial manner, C. arcania and C. satyrion.

‘‘ Although, as may be gathered from this, I consider C.
satyrion specifically distinct from C. arcania, Iam not at all
certain that it is distinct from another European species. I
have not seen it suggested before, but I believe that C. satyrion
is a high Alpine form of C. iphis. The reason for this
opinion is based on the remarkable variation exhibited by a
series of insects, some two hundred in number, which exhibit
both on the upper and undersides, and in both series, the
most complete gradation between typical satyrion and iphis ;
in fact, extending somewhat beyond typical iphis, as exem-
plified in lowland districts, in the matter of suppression of
ocellated spots on the underside, the range extending from
specimens with no ocellated spots and scarcely a trace of the
white band on the underside of the hindwings, to the strongly
banded and fully ocellated examples which resemble
typical satyrion.

‘Tt may be well to see how the material exhibited would
divide on the principle by which the species (?) are at present
separated, viz., by calling those satyrion with a white band on
the underside of the hindwings, and calling those iphis
without this band. By this method Nos. 1, 2, and 10, 11 in
Row 1 (males) would be satyrion, the remainder iphis. Nos.
1, 3 of Row 2 (females) would be satyrion, and the remainder
iphis. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of Row 3 (males, undersides) would
be satyrion, the remainder iphis. Of the female undersides
(Row 4), Nos. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 would be satyrion, the remainder
iphis, I think you will all agree with me that such a sub-
division of these specimens, which were all taken flying
together on one grassy slope at Le Lautaret at an elevation
of about 8,000 feet, would be somewhat absurd. When I
further add that, under this arrangement, of two specimens
taken in copulaé the male would go to satyrion and the female
to iphis, I think you will agree that I have very good ground
in supposing satyrion to be an Alpine form of C, iphis and
not of C. arcaniu.

( txlva)

“T find on searching through the works and figures of
various authors that my views are largely upheld. An
examination of Zeller’s material in the British Museum
collection has also proved interesting.

‘‘Hiubner’s three figures of C. iphis are of importance as
being the oldest figures of this species. Fig. 249 represents
a male, of a rich dark brown colour and with no darker
margin. There is a trace of one small ocellated spot near
the anal angle of the hindwing, and no trace of the orange
marginal line (or blotch) at the anal angle. Fig. 250 is a
female and has the forewings of an ochreous hue with a
darker shaded outer margin; the hindwings fuscous. There
ig an orange line edging the margin of all the wings; two
small ocellated spots on the forewings and three on the hind-
wings. Fig. 251 represents an underside exactly intermediate
between typical iphis and satyrion, inasmuch as the white
transverse band on the underside of the hindwings is
complete, but is just within, and does not contain, the series
of ocellated spots which are otherwise conspicuous.

‘“Hiibner’s figures (254, 255) of philea, referred by
Staudinger to satyrion, show distinctly the connection
between iphis and satyrion. Fig. 254 is of the same colour as
fig. 249 (iphis), but with a darker margin to the forewings
made up of triangular interneural blotches having the
bases on the margin of the wing. ‘The hindwings are
darker at the base, but there is a paler marginal band, in
which a series of five dots can be seen, showing through, as
it were, from the underside. An orange-red marginal line
runs round the hindwings as in his fig. 250 (iphis). Fig. 255
represents the underside, and is of a very characteristic iphis
appearance, as to colour and grey apex of forewings, but it
has a very complete transverse whitish band on the hind-
wings, in which is the series of ocellated spots. It is very
like the 9th specimen in Row 8, which, although banded, has
particularly strong iphis characters.

‘‘isper’s figure (Pl. 122, fig. 2) of satyrion, to which
Staudinger refers as the type of the species, is absurdly bad.
The bases of the forewings are orange and the outer margins
of the forewings and the bases of the hindwings are pink.

( xlvi_ )

There are traces of a hind marginal row of ocellated spots on
the hindwings and an orange marginal line. The underside
of the forewings is brown at the base with a broad yellow
margin. The hindwings have a blackish base and yellow
outer margin with six dots. It would appear that Charpentier,
in 1836, wrote the letterpress to this figure,* and the
description has been made quite independently of Esper’s
ridiculous figure.

‘The series of C. iphis in the British Museum collection
(called by the authorities amyntas) contains Zeller’s specimens
of this species. The males are all more fuliginous than the
Lautaret specimens, the undersides are well ocellated and
the hindwings show the white band in varying stages of
development, but never quite continuous the whole length of
the wing and never enclosing the ocellated spots. The females
have the colour of the forewings above darker than have
the specimens from Lautaret, and present no strikingly marked
distinction in tint between the fore and hindwings as do
those I exhibit, whilst all the females are more or less spotted
on the upper side of the fore and hindwings. The two
females that constitute the types of mandane, Kirby, are
much more like the Lautaret females than any of the
German and Swiss specimens, but one of the mandane has
strongly ocellated hindwings on the upperside, like the
German specimens. This character is quite absent in the
Lautaret examples, as my specimens show.

‘The female C. satyrion in the British Museum collection
do not maintain altogether the distinction that I observe in
the Lautaret examples, viz., the paler fore and the darker
hindwings, the forewings being in some instances much
duller than any I have taken. Other specimens have more
ochreous forewings and then approach the Lautaret specimens
more closely, but the latter, even in the most extreme forms,
are evidently not quite so dark as those that occur elsewhere.
The males in this series vary somewhat. Some have the
forewings entirely fuliginous, others approach the orange-

* There is a footnote stating this fact in the British Museum copy of
Esper’s work.

( *sxixaiy 5)

fulvous coloration of the more general form of iphis at
Lautaret. The undersides have, without exception, the
characteristic white band on the underside of the hindwings.
Of course I am quite aware that a specimen without this

band would be’ referred by

continental entomologists

elsewhere than to this species (satyrion).
‘Tt may be well to compare Berce’s description of C. iphis

with that of C. satyrion, which he calls philea.

These are to

be found on pp. 218 and 219, and read as follows :

“*Tohis. Wings of a clear brown,
the superior having the dise tinted
with tawny, without an apical ocell-
ated spot. The inferior wings
having often a short yellow line at
anal angle. The underside of the supe-
rlor wings tawny, with the apex and
marginal border yellowish-grey. The
inferior wings beneath of the same
colour (yellowish-grey) with the
median line,indicated by two irregu'ar
whitish spots, followed by a series of
four to six ocellated spots circled
with grey-white.

“© O, With the superior wings
tawny and the inferior wings grey-
BEORn, with an ante-marginal yellow

ine.

“¢ Philea (= satyrion). Wings of
a clear brown, the superior having
the dise tinted with tawny, without
an apical ocellated spot. The inferior
wings with a yellow mark at the
anal angle. The underside of the
superior wings tawny with the apex
greenish-grey. The inferior wings
beneath of the same colour (greenish-
grey), sometimes tinted with tawny,
up to the median band. Then a
yellowish-white band, broad and
conspicuous, containing six ocellated
spots. The outer margin reddish
tawny, traversed by a leaden line.

‘““®,. With the superior wings
tawny, bordered with grey-brown.
The inferior wings grey-brown with

an ante-marginal yellow line.

‘Tn conclusion, it may be well to remark that one of the
localities for C. iphis, mentioned by Berce, is Lautaret.
There can be, therefore, no doubt but that my material agrees
with that in the hands of continental entomologists. The
exact similarity, in all essential points, of the above descriptions
with the exception of the pale band present on the underside
of satyrion and absent on the underside of iphis, is remarkable,
and shows that, with the exception of this single unstable
character, there is nothing, even in the continental descrip-
tions of iphis and satyrion, to separate them.”

The Rev. T. A. Marshall communicated a paper entitled
‘<A Monograph of British Braconide. Part VII.”

Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell communicated a paper entitled
«« New Hymenoptera from the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico.”

Mr. E. Meyrick contributed a paper entitled ‘‘ On Lepido-
ptera from the Malay Archipelago.”

Dr. Sharp read a paper by Mr. G. D, Haviland and himself
entitled ‘‘ Termites in captivity in England.”

( xlviii_)

November 4th, 1896.

Professor RapHarL Menpona, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a collection of the cast nymph-
skins of more than one-third of the species of European
Dragon-flies from the Département de l’Indre, France, sent
to him by Mons. René Martin. ‘Two or three of the species
had been reared in an aquarium, but the identification of
most of them has been secured by finding the imago drying
its wings in the immediate vicinity of the cast skin.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a long series of Acidalia margine-
punctata taken on the sea-coast at Kastbourne, Sussex, during
the past eight summers. ‘The series included examples of a
bone-coloured form with slightly indicated transverse mark-
ings ; others much dusted with black scales giving them a
deep grey tone, with well developed markings; and sundry
forms intermediate between the two; also three taken this
year, in which the whole of the wings, with the exception of a
pale submarginal line, are densely covered with black scales,
giving them a similar appearance to the so-called ” black’’
forms that are found among some of the species of Boarmia
and Tephrosia.

Mr. Horace St. John Donisthorpe exhibited a female speci-
men of Dytiscus circumcinctus, Ahr., with elytra resembling in
form those of the male. He said the specimen had been
taken in Wicken Fen in August last.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a specimen of Mellinia (Xanthia)
ocellaris, captured by Mr. F. Whittle in September, 1894,
and for comparison a specimen of M. gilvago, the latter species
being common in the locality, and at the time that the speci-
men was captured. He referred to the fact that M. ocellaris
was usually captured in the same localities as M. gilvago, and
drew attention to the fact that Fuchs had considered them
the same species. Fuchs’ statement, as recorded in the

Gaal)
‘‘ British Noctue and their Varieties,”’ vol. iv., p.122, reads as
follows :—‘‘ My own captured gilvago and ocellaris lead me to
believe in the identity of these species, as I have one gilvago
with the tips of the forewings acutely pointed, as in ocellaris.
All my specimens, both of gilvago and ocellaris, have been
taken in the noted poplar avenue of Hamburg, where gilvago
is the rarer and ocellaris the commoner species. The freshly
emerged specimens were taken on the trunks of poplars during
the afternoon.’ Mr. Tutt said that, in his opinion, the species
were abundantly distinct, but that ocellaris was yet so rare as a
British insect that one wanted to see more specimens, and to
know the life-history of the insect before one could object to
Fuchs’ conclusion. He also exhibited four specimens of
Argyresthia atmoriella taken by Mr. Atmore last June at Lynn,
Norfolk. He also exhibited a pupa-case of Thymelicus lineola
from the Essex salt marshes. He drew attention to the
structural characters exhibited by it, and pointed out that it
differed markedly from the pupa of Pamphila comma exhibited
at the last meeting. These structural differences led him
to suggest that the separation of the old genus Hesperia (as
still maintained by some British lepidopterists) into Pamphila
and ‘Thymelicus should be insisted upon. Mr. Tutt also
exhibited a long series of a Melampias which he had captured
at Le Lautaret in the Dauphiné Alps, at an elevation of
7,000—8,000 feet. He observed that the specimens exhibited
were peculiar in some very important particulars. The males
varied somewhat in size and in the shape of the wings, and
the females showed a marked sexual dimorphism. Typically,
M. melampus was looked upon as a somewhat round-winged
species, with black dots in the fulvous band and spots of the
fore and hindwings, the females very closely resembling the
males, but having somewhat paler fulvous (almost orange)
markings and spots beneath. M. pharte, on the other hand,
was considered to be a longer-winged insect, without black
dots in the fulvous bands and spots on the fore and hind-
wings respectively, whilst the female is characterised by its
pale orange (instead of fulvous) bands and spots, both on the
upper and undersides, thus making a marked sexual dimor-
phism. Further, M. melampus was generally ecnsidered to

(aay)

occur at a lower altitude than M. pharte. He himself had
found M. melampus abundantly in various localities, at from
3,500—4,500 feet, in Piedmont, the Tyrol, ete. ; but M. pharte
occurred rather from 5,000—7,000 feet. Mr. Tutt said that
his attention was first drawn to the species by some very fine
examples captured at about 4,500 feet elevation, on Mont de
la Saxe (Courmayeur), on Aug. Ist, 1895, by Dr. Chapman
and himself. It was suggested to him that these specimens
were E’rebia eriphyle, but he was of opinion (and this opinion
was shared by Mr. Elwes) that the specimens represented
melampus. Compared, however, with Tyrolean (Campiglio,
Mendel) examples of the latter, these exhibited a tendency to
a lengthening of the forewings and to an obsolescence of the
black dots, thus coming in these particulars somewhat near
pharte ; but the females were very like the males, and pre-
sented none of the typical characters of female pharte. These
specimens were exhibited. Returning to the Lautaret cap-
tures, which were all taken together, flying in the same field
(some in copula), it will be observed, from the specimens
exhibited, that the males run from typical melampus, with four
or five black dots in the fulvous band, through specimens with
8, 2,1, and no black dots, i.e., to typical male pharte. The
shape of the wings, too, varies from the typical rounded-
winged melampus to the more pointed-winged pharte, some
of the specimens which are pharte, so far as their unspotted
band goes, being melampus by the rounded character of the
apices of the forewings. The females are all typical pharte,
with a band more orange than fulvous, and with the band
distinctly pale, as in pharte, on the underside. It would
appear that here (Lautaret) melampus and pharte form
but one species, however distinct they may be in some dis-
tricts. Of course it would be easy to separate the spotted
forms from the unspotted forms, and call the former melampus
and the latter pharte, but it would not get over the difficulty
of the females being all of one form, nor of the fact that a
proportion of the melampus-shaped males are unspotted, and
vice versa, nor of the fact that some of the males which are
typical melampus were paired with typical female pharte. The
species were not uncommon in the flowery meadows, but

(By
rather passé. Mr. Nicholson, to whom I have submitted the
specimens, writes: ‘I believe all these specimens to be
melampus. The round-winged specimens are very like
my Swiss ones. Melampus is hard to define as a species.”’
If Mr. Nicholson’s views were to be accepted, it would
create a difficulty, for he observed of Hiibner’s figs. 491—494,
from which the species pharte is named, ‘ Hiibner’s
figs. 491 and 492 are identical with the Lautaret females,
whilst his figs. 493 and 494 are identical with most
of the unspotted males, only Hiibner, strangely enough,
whilst showing the colour dimorphism that exists between
the sexes, has transposed the bodies, so that figs. 491 and 492
have ? coloration and ¢ body, whilst figs. 498 and 494 have
3 coloration and ¢ body.” (Ent. Rec., viii, pp. 258 &
259.) To illustrate his views more clearly he also exhibited
some typical specimens of M. pharte from the Swiss Alps,
captured by Professor Blachier of Geneva, July 10th, 1885.
It will be observed that these females are absolutely identical
in tint, bands, and spotting, with the Lautaret females, and
that if the Swiss specimens are pharte, then the Lautaret
specimens certainly are. Berce (p. 188) makes the following
suggestive observation about M. pharte : “ A little larger than
melampus, from which it differs in that the ferruginous
blotches are altogether devoid of black points, those of the
superior wings more rectangular, those of the inferior wings
a little oval. It has the same habits as melampus, and is
found at the same time, and in the same localities.’’ This
would suggest that Berce knew of the two so-called species
overlapping, but that it did not occur to him that they
really formed but one species. I do not doubt that in many
localities both melampus and pharte have specific value.
Here, at Lautaret, undoubtedly the species are (or is) in
a state of flux, and, like Canonympha iphis and C. satyrion,
not specifically differentiated. Mr. Tutt said he would explain
these peculiar facts much in the same way that he had
already attempted to explain the parallel case of mixing of
Cenonympha satyrion and C. iphis. The altitude at which
the insects are found at Le Lautaret tends to produce the
Alpine forms satyrion and pharte; whilst the marvellously

( lis)

luxuriant pasturages in which they occur (in August, there is, I
believe, nothing to equal these in Europe at the same altitude),
the peculiar position of this high lying Lautaret basin
(described Ent. Ree. viil., p. 253), and its high summer tempera-
ture (for the altitude), all combine to produce an environment,
characteristic of an elevation of 2,000—4,000 feet, rather than
of 7,000—8,000 feet, and, as a result, we find the attempt to
produce the form usually found at a higher, and that usually
produced at a lower, altitude, crowned with a certain amount of
success. Mr. Tutt said that, of course, he knew that melampus
and pharte do not normally represent such distinctly low alti-
tude and high altitude forms as iphis and satyrion respectively.
Two remarks of Frey (‘‘ Butterflies of Switzerland’’) deserved
notice. The first is that the female of melampus ‘‘ is only rarely
taken.’ Is this because the females in the districts known to
him would have been referred to pharte. The second is to the
effect that pharte is ‘‘ widely distributed in damp spots within
the tree line (4,000—6,000 feet),’”’ a description which would
apply to every place (except the Lautaret locality) in
which he (Mr. Tutt) had taken melampus.

Mr. Elwes observed that though all the continental butter-
flies had been so long studied by European entomologists, he
did not think the form exhibited by Mr. Tutt had been hitherto
noticed. He considered that Mr. Tutt had made out his case,
and he agreed in the conclusions at which he had arrived.
Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Jacoby, and Professor Meldola con-
tinued the discussion.

Mr. E. Ernest Green exhibited a typical specimen of
Ephyra omicronaria, together with what he believed to be a
remarkable melanic variety of the same species, taken by Dr.
Dudley Wright at Pegwell Bay, near Ramsgate, in September
last. Some of the Fellows present, after an examination of
the specimen, expressed an opinion that it was a variety of
an Acidalia, and not of Hphyra omicronaria.

Mr. Goss stated that Mr. Harry Fisher, the botanist to the
Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, had returned to England.
He hoped that he would have been present at the meeting to
exhibit a few minute Diptera and other insects which he had
collected in Franz Josef Land. Mr. McLachlan made some

€ lie)
remarks on insects and flowers in high latitudes, and Mr.

Klwes, Sir George Hampson, and Professor Meldola also
commented on the subject.

November /8th, 1896.
Professor RapHarL Menpona, F.R.S., President, in the
Chair.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Klection of Fellows.

Mr. Malcolm Burr, of ‘“ Bellagio,” East Grinstead, Sussex ;
Mr. G. H. Gale, of the Public Works Department, Hong-
kong; and Mr. A. E. Wileman, of the British Consular
Service, Yokohama, Japan, were elected Fellows of the
Society.

Exhibitions, ete.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a series of the ochreous form of
Tephrosia bistortata, Goetze, known as var. abietaria, Haw.,
captured by Mr. J. Mason in March, 1895 and 1896, near
Clevedon, Somerset; also a specimen of the black-brown
ab. passetit, Thierry-Mieg, captured by Major Robertson, at
Swansea in March, 1895; also a series of the second brood
= var. gen. 2, consonaria, St., of the same species bred June
16-23rd, i896, from ova laid by the March Clevedon examples.
The small size and dead-white ground-colour is very remark-
able in these specimens ; a specimen of the second brood bred
from Ramnor, July, 1889, is put in for comparison, as this,
although of the same small size, shows the ochreous hue of
the spring (abietaria) form. He also exhibited a series of
Tephrosia crepuscularia, Hb. (biundularia, Esp.), from Don-
caster, captured by Dr. H. H. Corbett, all from one wood.
These were captured in May, 1893-95, and exhibited every
grade of variation from the most typical crepuscwaria, Hb.,
to extreme forms of delamerensis, B. White. Mr. Tutt said

PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv., 1896. F

( livers)

that he would especially draw attention to the difference
existing between the white crepuscularia, Hb., and the second
brood of bistortata var. consonaria. It has been asserted that
‘‘ the second brood of bistortata is typical biundularia.”’ This
it would be seen is not so, although there is considerable super-
ficial resemblance between them. The question as to these
being two or one species turned on two points. If it be
admitted that the same species may comprise two forms, (1)
with distinct facies, (2) with distinct life-cycles, then it must be
admitted these may be the same species; but if on the other
hand it be granted, that (1) different facies and (2) distinct
life-cycles be sufficient to constitute species, then these must
be considered distinct species. The two species have very
similar environments, and exhibit a parallelism of variation,
but he did not think that parallel variation proved specific
identity in confessedly closely allied species. He also exhibited
a specimen of Hipparchia semele, captured by Mr. H. Short-
ridge Clarke, on the ‘‘Mooragh,’’ near Ramsey, Isle of
Man, July 12th, 1896; the specimen exhibited the usual
small size and bright fulvous coloration of the Isle of Man
forms, but had an extra ocellated spot in the third interneural
space below the normal apical one. He also exhibited an
aberration of Amphidasys betularia caught in the ‘“‘ Nunnery
erounds” near Douglas, July, 1896, the specimen being
remarkable in having a white ground-colour without the usual
black freckling which has earned for the species the name of
the “ Peppered Moth ;”’ the type occurs in the island. He
also exhibited a richly marked specimen of Abraxas grossula-
riata, caught in ‘ The Curraghs,”’ Ballaugh, July 16th, 1896,
which had especially well developed orange markings ; and
also a series of Plusia bractea bred from ova laid by a female
in July last. The eggs and larve were subjected to forcing
treatment from the first by Mr. Finlay of Morpeth, who
obtained the eggs, with the result that the whole batch pro-
duced moths in October. The larve were fed on that variety
of dandelion grown for salad purposes. One specimen was
remarkable in having at the base of the metallic spot on
the right forewing a small additional metallic spot. <A
very dark specimen of Polia chi ab. olivacea was also

C i

shown, the green ground-colour being especially well
developed. This also was captured at Meldon Park,
Morpeth, by Mr. Finlay. Mr. Tutt further exhibited eggs
of Knnomos autumnaria (alnriaria), showing the regularity with
which the rows are placed one inside the other ; specimens of
Orrhodia vaccinii ab. obscura, showing parallel variation
and considerable superficial resemblance to O. erythroce-
phala ab. glabra, captured by Dr. Riding, near Honiton,
Devon; also some specimens of O. vaccinii, showing an
intermediate stage between the type and aberration ; also
cases of an Australian Psychid Liothula omnivora, Fereday,
sent over by Mr. W. W. Smith, of Ashburton, New Zealand.
Mr. Tutt said that it would be remembered that he exhibited,
some twelye months ago, a number of cases of Thyr-
dopteryx ephemeraformis, or a species allied thereto, and gave
figures of the same in Ent. Rece., vol. viil., with notes. Mr.
Smith thought that the ‘‘ Basket Caterpillar of New Zealand ”’
might prove equally interesting.

Dr. Sharp called attention to Mr. Ernest Green’s plates of
the Coccida of Ceylon, which were exhibited on a screen in the
room, and said that he was inclined to consider the Coccida
as a distinct order of insects, but at present the evidence was
hardly sufficient to warrant this. He asked Mr. Green if he
could give him any information with regard to the develop-
ment of the wings in the male.

Mr. Green said that in the males of the Coceid@ the wings
first appeared in the penultimate stage as small projections on
the sides of the thorax. These wing-pads grew to a certain
extent without any further ecdysis. Though the insect was
then quite inactive, and took no food during this stage, the
rudimentary wings and legs were free from the body, and were
capable of some slight movement. After the final ecdysis the
wings of the imago were fully expanded, and assumed their
natural position before the insect left the sac, or pupariam, in
which the resting stage had been passed. Mr. McLachlan
and others continued the discussion.

Mr. Bethune-Baker exhibited a yellow spider from
Orotava, which was of the exact colour of the flowers that it
usually rested upon, and which had been observed to catch

(\ Tysge)

Vanessa which settled on these flowers. Mr. Barrett said
he had noticed a spider with the same habit on the Ox-Eye
Daisy in Surrey. Mr. Bethune-Baker also exhibited a very
curious dark variety of Arctia caja, bred by Mr. Moore.

Professor Meldola stated that it had been of late found
difficult to store bristles in the City owing to the ravages
of a moth, of which he exhibited lving specimens of the
larve and pupe. Mr. Barrett said that the moth was Tinea
hiselliella. Mr. Blandford stated that the bisulphide of
carbon treatment might be found to be of advantage if it
were practicable, but more would have to be ascertained
with regard to the extent and character of the ravages before
anything could be determined upon. Mr. Merrifield, Mr.
Green, and others took part in the discussion which followed.

Mr, Blandford called attention to the use of formalin as a
preventive of mould, and said that it would probably be found
of use in insect collections ; an object once sprayed with this
substance never became mouldy afterwards. Professor Mel-
dola said that formalin was another name for a solution
of formic aldehyde: it is now much used in the colour
industry and is, therefore, produced on a large scale.

Paper Lead.
Mr. Newstead communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ New Coc-
cid@ collected by the Rey. A. E, Eaton in Algeria.”

December 2nd, 1896.
Dr. Daviw SHarp, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the
Chair.
Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks
voted to the respective donors.

Exhibitions, ete,

Dr. Sharp exhibited the series of Longicorn Coleoptera of
the genus Plagithmysus from the Hawaiian Islands, of which
a preliminary account had recently been given by him else-
where. He said that these examples were the result of Mr.
Perkins’ work for the Sandwich Island Committee, and

¢ Avie)

afforded a fair sample of his success in the other orders,
which would be found to have completely revolutionised our
knowledge of the entomological fauna of these islands. He
stated that Mr. Meyrick had recently informed him that the
Geometridae would be increased from six species to forty-four,
and that the genus Playithmysus showed an almost equal
increase; and that the working out of the specimens was
very difficult, owing to the variability of the species and to
their being closely allied.

Mr. Malcolm Burr exhibited a specimen of a cockroach,
Pycnocelus indicus, Fabr., taken in a house at Bognor, Sussex.
He said this was the first record of the occurrence of the
species in England. According to De Saussure, it was dis-
tributed throughout India, Ceylon, Mexico, and the United
States.

Mr. P. Crowley exhibited a remarkable variety of Abraxas
grossulariata taken in a garden at Croydon last summer.

Mr. Tutt exhibited some Micro-Lepidoptera from the
Dauphiné Alps. Among them were several specimens of
Psecadia pusiella, Rém., showing considerable difference in
the width of the black zigzag band crossing the centre of the
forewings longitudinally. The species was taken at La Grave,
in a gully at the back of the village. A large number of
specimens was secured, chiefly resting on the trunks and
branches of two or three ash and willow trees growing on the
bank at the side of the gully. A few specimens, however,
were obtained drying their wings on the grass on the bank,
but Mr. Tutt stated that he failed to find pupa-cases. The
captures were all made on the mornings of August 7th and 8th.
In spite of the striking conspicuousness of the insect when set
out for the cabinet, it was by no means easy to detect at
first on the tree trunks, as it sat with its wings overlapping, in
the cracks and crannies of the bark. Mr. Tutt also exhibited
specimens of a ‘plume’ which had been named Levoptilus
(Alucita) scarodactyla. It was exceedingly abundant on the
Artemisia growing on the roadside just below La Grave. There
could be little doubt, he thought, from the habits of the insect,
that the Artemisia had been its food-plant. He also exhibited
specimens, from Le Lautaret, of Sericoris rivulania, Gelechia

PROC. EXT. SOC. LOND., v., 1897. G

( lviii )

spuriella, Sophronia semicostella, Pleurota pyropella, Acophora
stipella, and Butalis fallacella. The latter were chiefly
interesting from the fact that they were taken at an eleva-
tion of about 8,000 feet Lord Walsingham said that these
Micro-Lepidoptera from the Dauphiné Alps were exceed-
ingly interesting, and resembled those obtained by M. Mil-
liére in a more southern latitude. The ‘‘ plumes ”’ were
particularly interesting, and he had been much puzzled over
some species which Mr. Tutt had sent him, one of which he
considered was a strange form of Owzyptilus hieraciit. He also
remarked on the close resemblance between certain American
and European species of plumes.

Paper read.

Lord Walsingham read a_ paper entitled, ‘‘ Western
Equatorial African Micro-Lepidoptera.’’ A discussion en-
sued, in which Dr. Sharp, Mr. Jacoby, and others, took
part.

ANNUAL MEETING.
January 20th, 1897.

Professor RapHart Metpona, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Albert Hugh Jones, one of the Auditors, read the
Treasurer’s Balance Sheet, showing a balance of £10 8s. 2d.
in the Society’s favour.

Mr. H. Goss, one of the Secretaries, read the following

Report of the Council.

During the Session 1896-97 five Ordinary Fellows have
died, viz., Mr. Edward Armitage, R.A, Mr. Peter Inchbald,
F.L.8., Miss Georgiana EK. Ormerod, Mons. Auguste Salle,
and Mr. Arthur Dowsett; eleven Fellows have resigned, and
thirteen Ordinary Fellows have been elected.

The number of Fellows elected during the year is far below
the average, notwithstanding the successful effé6rts of one or
two Fellows of the Society to add to its numbers. :

At the present time the Society consists of 10 Honorary,
55 Life, and 819 Fellows lable for the Annual Subscription,

( lix )

leaving the total number now on the list 384, or three less than
this time last year !

Our Transactions for the year form a volume of 594 pages,
containing 16 Memoirs, contributed by the following authors,
viz., Mr. George C. Champion (2 papers); Mr. Kenneth J.
Morton; Dr. Frederick A. Dixey; Dr. David Sharp, F.R.S. ;
Mr. George F. Scott-Kliott; Dr. T. Algernon Chapman
(2 papers) ; Mons. Louis Péringuey ; Mr. Walter F. H. Bland-
ford; Mr. E. Ernest Green; Prof. Edward B. Poulton,
F.R.S.; Prof. Samuel Williston and Prof. J. M. Aldrich ;
Sir George F. Hampson, Bart. ; Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall; and
Mr. George D. Haviland and Dr. D. Sharp.

Of these 16 papers, 5 relate to Lepidoptera, or to enquiries
in which they were the subjects of experiment ; 5 to Coleo-
ptera, 2 to Neuroptera, 2 to Orthoptera, and 2 to Diptera.

Part of the cost of the publication of the longest of the two
papers on Diptera was defrayed by the Royal Society, who
contributed a donation of £50 from their Publication Fund.

The Memoirs above referred to are illustrated by 14
plates, of which 4 are coloured.

The Proceedings, containing an account of the Exhibitions
and Discussions at the Meetings, in‘addition to certain Papers
not published in the Transactions and to several Notes of in-
terest in connection with Exhibitions, extend to over 58 pages.

During the past year, 195 Books (in addition to the usual
Transactions, Pamphlets, and Papers) have been added to the
Library, which is increasingly used, no less than 335 volumes
having been borrowed during the year by Fellows. The Meet-
ings continue to be, as they have been of recent years, far better
attended than formerly. As pointed out last year, there is
probably no Society in London with a similar number of
Fellows on its list which has such a proportionately large at-
tendance, the Meetings of this Society comparing very favour-
ably in this respect with those of other kindred Societies.

The amount received for current Subscriptions is in excess
of that in anyformer year. The arrears paid up during 1896
have exceeded anticipations, There is a large falling off in
Admission Fees consequent on a diminished number of new
Fellows having been elected. The Donations are small,
if the amount received from the Publication Fund of

("dk )

the Royal Society, already alluded to, be deducted. The
income derived from the Sales of Publications during the
year is nearly the same as in 1895, and below the average.
Three Life Compositions have been received, two of which
have been invested in Consols, the amount so invested being
now £534 13s.

The disbursements for Printing and Plates have been
exceptionally heavy, but there is again a diminution in the
total of the various items classed under Office Expenses.
The actual financial working of the year results in a balance
to the credit of the Society of £10 8s. 2d.; but against this must
be placed the uninvyested Life Composition and a small sum
due to printers on an unadjusted account, so that there is
really a deficit on the year, due to the printers having very
largely underestimated the cost of two expensive papers.

11, Cuanpos STREET, CAVENDISH SquaRE, W.

20th January, 1897.

The Secretaries not having received any notice proposing
to substitute other names than those contained in the lists
prepared by the Council, the following Fellows constitute the
Council for 1897:—Walter F. H. Blandford, M.A., F.Z.S. ;
George C. Champion, F.Z.S.; The Rev. Canon Fowler,
M.A., F.L8.; Herbert Goss, F.L.S.; Sir George Francis
Hampson, Bart., B.A. ; Martin Jacoby ; Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S.; Prof. Raphael Meidola, F.R.S.; Frederic Merrifield ;
Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S.; Roland Trimen, F.R.S. ;
James W. Tutt; and George Henry Verrall.

The following are the Officers elected :—President, Mr.
Roland Trimen; Treasurer, Mr. Robert McLachlan ; Secre-
taries, Mr. Walter F. H. Blandford and Mr. Frederic Merri-
field ; Librarian, Mr. George C. Champion.

Professor Meldola, the out-going President, then delivered
an Address, at the conclusion of which Lord Walsingham
proposed a vote of thanks to the President for his Address,
and for his services as President during the year. This was
seconded by Mr. O. Salvin, and carried.

A vote of thanks to the ‘Treasurer, Secretaries, and
Librarian, was proposed by Professor Poulton. This was
seconded by Mr. R. Trimen, and carried.

( Ixi_ )

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Balance Sheet for the Year 1896.

RECEIPTS. | PAYMENTS.

: Less dr. | BSG. Gh
Balance in hand, Ist Jan., | Printing Transactions, &c. 253 14 11
1896 - + 1214 7 | Plates,&e. . . . 82 0 8

Subscriptions for 1896 . 313 19 0 | Ront and Office Ex-
Arrears 1818 0 penses . : 5 . 160 12 3
Admission Fees 25 4 0 | Books and Binding. 7 LOGO
Donations 719 0 | Investments in Consols . 3110 0

Grant from Publication

Subscriptions in advance
Fund of Royal Society. 50 0 0

carried to 1897. 4 ills!

| 7
Sales of Transactions, &e. 6110 0 | Balance . . . . 10 8 2
Interest on Investments : — |
Consols 5 eels) 15)
Westwood Bequest 6 19 0
——20 12 5 |
Life-Compositions . Bey) a Dal
Subscriptions in advance 7 18 7 |
£566 0 7 £566 0 7
————— | wee
ASSETS.

Subscriptions in arrear considered good (say) £15 15s. Od.

Investments :—
Cost of £546 3s. 8d. Consols ... £534 13s. Od.

Cost of £239 12s. 4d. Birmingham Corporation 3 per cent.
Stock (Westwood Bequest) £250.

Rospert McLAcutan,

Treasurer.

Audited and found correct,
SAMUEL STEVENS.
G. F. Hampson.
R. Wruir Lioyp.
A. HucH JONES.

13th January, 1897.

(asa =)

THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

The affairs of the Society, as set forth in the
Counc!l Report, call for no special comment from the
presidential chair. You will hear with satisfaction that we
have been included among those Societies which are entitled
to send up applications to the Scientific Relief Committee of
the Royal Society, a concession which we must acknowledge
to be a recognition of the status which our Society has
reached in the scientific world. During the past year we
have also, at the instigation of our Treasurer, taken action
with respect to the over-collecting of British insects, and a
Committee has been formed, with Mr. Barrett for Secretary,
for dealing with this subject. Having myself long ago come
to the conclusion that there was a real cause of alarm, so far
as concerns the rare and local species of this country, it is
with great interest that I have taken part in the work of the
Committee. As yet two meetings only have been held, and it
has become evident that the task of dealing with the matter
in a practical way will be a very difficult one. It is
encouraging to learn, however, that the mere announcement
that our Society had taken up the subject has given general
satisfaction throughout the country, and we have received
promises of support and co-operation from several local
societies as well as from individuals. Whether any feasible
scheme of protection can be devised, and, if so, can be put
into operation, must be left for decision by the Committee at
future deliberations. In the meantime the moral influence
of the movement cannot but make itself felt.

(ee as)

One memorable incident that has occurred during the past
year has been the visit of the Officers and Council of the
Society to Oxford at the invitation of the Hope Professor of
Zoology. It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the
kindness with which we were received by all Members of the
University with whom we came into contact. The Vice-
Chancellor was only prevented by another pressing engage-
ment from participating personally in our reception, but he
showed his appreciation of our visit by extending the
hospitality of his house to your President. The various
specialists among our Councillors who were present on this
occasion must have noted with satisfaction the improvement
in accommodation and the great progress that has been
effected in the arrangement of the collections since Prof.
Poulton came into office. If, as my friend the Hope
Professor intimates, this visitation is to become an annual
institution, I can only rejoice that a movement calculated to
be of great benefit to our Society, as well as to the Hope
Museum, should have been inaugurated during my occupancy
of this chair,

Many papers, both of general and of special importance,
have appeared in our 1896 volume of ‘‘ Transactions.”” I may
mention, among the subjects of particular interest to myself,
the very valuable contribution to the theory of the
development of mimetic pattern by Dr. Dixey, Prof. Poulton’s
observations on the courtship of Acridiide, and Dr. Chap-
man’s papers on Lepidopterous pupe. One yery lengthy
systematic paper on the Diptera of St. Vincent, by Profs.
Williston and Aldrich, communicated by Dr. Sharp, occupies
practically the whole of Part IIL, and would, I am afraid,
have been beyond our resources had we not received a grant
from the Royal Society for defraying the cost of its
publication.

In resigning the honourable duties which I have been called
upon to discharge during the last two years, I cannot but feel
how largely I am indebted to the Officers who so ungrudgingly
devote their time to the interests of the Society. It is with
considerable regret that we must accept the simultaneous
withdrawal of both Secretaries. These gentlemen have served

( lxiv® )

us long and well. Mr. Goss has for a period of eleven years
undertaken the larger share of those duties which, as I can
testify from personal experience, are by no means light to a
professional man having many other occupations; he has
certainly earned his retirement, and with it the gratitude of
the Society. To Canon Fowler are we no less indebted when
we bear in mind the distance at which he resides from
London, and the numerous other claims upon his time. It
must temper our regret at the loss of these gentlemen,
however, to know that we have been so fortunate as to secure
the services of Mr. Blandford and Mr. Merrifield, in whose
hands we may feel assured the scientific status of the
Entomological Society of London will be well maintained.
With regard to my own position I can only feel that I have
been a usurper in the chair which should have long ago been
occupied by the distinguished entomologist who succeeds me.
It is only due to the circumstance that Mr. Trimen has for so
many years been in charge of the South African Museum
that we have never before had the opportunity of seeing him
in that position which is his due. Our new President has for
thirty-eight years been a Member and Fellow of the Society ;
he has won his spurs, not only as an entomologist, but as an
all-round naturalist, and it is to me a matter of congratu-
lation that I have this evening the privilege of handing over
to him the reins of office.

THE UTILITY OF SPECIFIC CHARACTERS AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATION.

Among the subjects of general biological interest which
have been discussed during the past year, I have selected as
the theme of my address one which was introduced by our
eminent colleague, Dr. A. R. Wallace, at a meeting of the
Linnean Society held on June 18th. The importance of this
paper is due not only to the circumstance that it was read ia
person by its veteran author, but also to the fact that, after
the lapse of thirty-eight years, the principles of the theory of
natural selection, as a theory competent to explain the
formation of species, have been reaffirmed with renewed

Clase)

emphasis by one of the founders of the doctrine. All who
have concerned themselves with the species question are
aware that the validity of natural selection as an efficient
cause has now reached a stage in which opinions are divided
between two extremes. Some naturalists regard this agency
as the sole and all-sufficient cause of species transformation,
while others recognize in natural selection only a feeble or
quite unimportant factor. A few, but not many, reject
natural selection altogether. The majority of biologists in
this country, perhaps, hold an intermediate position, recog-
nising the importance of natural selection but unconvinced as
to the residuary phenomena.* The discussions which have

* It is surprising to find that Signor Todaro, in a recent address to the
Reale Accademia dei Lincei, of which an abstract appears in “‘ Nature ’”’
(Dee. 10th, 1896, p. 138), should have said that ‘‘ Natural selection, which
tried to explain everything, has had its day, and now is only invoked to
account for certain secondary characteristics, or those attributed to the
adaptations of individual forms.’’ The context, if correctly representing the
speaker’s views, shows not only that he has completely failed to grasp the
principles of the theory, but also that he is unaware of the state of current:
biological thought in this country.

It is notorious that this same complaint of being misunderstood was fre-
quently made by Darwin after the publication of the ‘“ Origin of Species.’’
In this connection the following unpublished letter, unfortunately undated,
addressed to the late Prof. D. T. Ansted, F.R.S., and now in the possession
of my father-in-law, Dr. Maurice Davis, will be of interest:—

*©15, MARINE PARADE, EASTBOURNE,
* Oct. 27.
““My DEAR ANSTED,

“As I am away from home on account of my daughter's health, I
do not know your address, and fly this at random, and it is of very little con-
sequence if it never reaches you.

‘‘T have just been reading the greater part of your ‘ Geological Gossip,’
and have found part very interesting ; but I want to express my admiration
at the clear and correct manner in which you have given a sketch of natural
selection. You will think this very slight praise; but I declare that the
majority of readers seem utterly incapable of comprehending my long argu-
ment. Some of the reviewers, who have servilely stuck to my illustrations
and almost to my words, have been correct, but extraordinarily few others
have succeeded. I can see plainly, by your newillustrations and manner and
order of putting the case, that) you thoroughly comprehend the subject. I
assure you this is most gratifying to me, and it is the sole way in which the
public can be indoctrinated. I am often in despuir in making the generality
of naturalists even comprehend me. Intelligent men who are not naturalists
and have not a bigoted idea of the term species, show more clearness of mind.
I think that you have done the subject a real service, and I sincerely thank

(Tsar)

arisen of late years appear to me to turn rather upon the
degree of efficiency which can be assigned to the process.

It is not my intention to enter now into the question as
to what Mr. Darwin meant by this or that passage in his
writings ; neither am I about to take upon myself the respon-
sibility of clatming to be among his infallible interpreters. I
am simply a disciple of nearly a quarter of a century’s stand-
ing of the doctrine formulated by him and by Wallace. If,
with the progress of discovery and the advancement of know-
ledge, new considerations have arisen in the course of time
which are not to be found within the two covers of the
‘*Origin of Species,” or any other of Mr. Darwin’s books,
then, from what I knew of Mr. Darwin himself, I am bound
to say that it is doing an injustice to the scientific spirit of
our great leader if we allow that the acceptance of any exten-
sion or completion of his work justifies our being branded
with a denominational epithet, as though we had founded a
new sect.* We either accept the theory as Darwin left it,
after making use of all the knowledge available at his time
viz., that natural selection is the main but not the exclusive
means of the modification of species, or we may, following
Weismann and Wallace, reject the factor of use-inheritance,
and so give more weight to natural selection as a prime factor.
The only really important modification of the theory since
Darwin’s time, is this elimination of the remnant of Lamarck-

you. No doubt there wil be much error found in my book, but I have great
confidence that the main view will be, in time, found correct ; for I find,
without exception, that those naturalists who went at first one inch with me
now go a foot or yard with me.

‘*'This note obviously requires no answer.

‘© Pray believe me,

‘* Yours sincerely,

’

“SC. DARWIN.’

My friend, Mr. Francis Darwin, who has sanctioned the publication of this
letter, informs me that it must have been written in 1860.

* T have in my mind, among many similar instances of Darwin’s scientific
eandour, the readiness with which he accepted Fleeming Jenkin’s criticism
as to the improbability of single varieties gaining a footing, owing to the
‘“swamping effects’’ of intercrossing. This point is well brought out m
Poulton’s recent work on ‘‘ Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural
Selection ” (p. 81; also the ‘‘ Life and Letters,’’ Vol. IIT., p. 107).

@ Exvii ~)

ism which lingers under such an expression as “ use-inherit-
ance,’ or Buffon’s factor of the “ direct action of the environ-
ment.”’ On this point I venture to think that the general ten-
dency of work and thought in this country has been to strengthen
the contention of Prichard,* Galton, and Weismann, that ac-
quired characters are not transmitted. It is true that many
naturalists, whose opinions are entitled to the greatest weight,
and more particularly a certain school of American biologists,
are not prepared to accept this doctrine. While admitting
that there are difficulties which require further elucidation,
it still appears to me that the balance of evidence is in favour
of this amendment of the theory. Certainly the transmission
of acquired characters cannot be regarded as a general law of
nature, in view of the vague conclusions which have resulted
from all attempts at the verification of this doctrine by obser-
vation or experiment. It is satisfactory to know that the
surviving founder of the theory of natural selection, Dr. A. R.
Wallace, has fully accepted the Weismannian modification.
The present position of biological theory, apart from any
working hypothesis as to the mechanism of heredity, the
struggle of parts within the organism, germinal selection, etc.,
may thus be summed up in the statement that while the broad
principle of evolution is on all hands admitted, there are
differences of opinion as to the process or processes by which
species and (by implication) the higher taxonomic divisions
have been produced. But these differences of opinion ulti-
mately resolve themselves into the acceptance or rejection of
the special method of evolution which is associated with the
names of Darwin and Wallace, because, as far as I have been
able to follow the course of post-Darwinian biological specu-
lation, I cannot come to any other conclusion than that beside
the theory of natural selection there is no rival doctrine of
organic development which will bear analysis in the light of
reason and of fact. Of course it is quite legitimate for any
naturalist to deny the adequacy of natural selection as the

* Tt has strangely been overlooked that Dr. James Cowles Prichard, in
his ‘‘ Researches into the Physical History of Mankind,’’ published in 1826
(2nd ed.), should have most distinctly formulated the doctrine that acquired
characters are not transmitted.

( Ixvii )

prime factor, or even as a factor of any value, in specific
modification ; it is perfectly logical to hold the mind in a state
of suspension, and to declare that the theory is inadequate,
but it is not given to many minds to rest content with a pure
negation. It will mark a decadent period in the history of
science when destructive criticism alone prevails. For my
own part, I long ago came to the conclusion that the funda-
mental principles were established with sufficient firmness to
warrant the deductive use of the theory in the same way that
we use working hypotheses in other departments of science,
and the result has not been disappointing.*

The essence of the theory of natural selection is contained
in the phrase “utility of specific characters.” The sub-
title of the ‘Origin of Species,’ published in 1859 and
retained in all subsequent editions, is ‘‘ The Preservation of
favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.’ The races are
‘favoured ’’ because they have acquired, by the action of
selection upon favourable variations, some character or
characters which give them a more or less permanent
footing in the economy of nature. The distinction, if any
exists, between a race and a species is, as systematists well
know, often quite arbitrary and frequently, if not invariably,
resolves itself into a question of individual judgment. The
criterion which the producer of artificial races employs as an
argument in favour of community of descent from a common
stock, viz., fertility, znter se, finds no place in the specific
diagnoses of the systematists. The question whether this
distinction is an absolute one remains as a subject for experi-
mental investigation in much about the same condition as it
was left by Darwin. It is surprising that this point, which,
as I may remind you, is the one flaw of which the existence
was frequently pointed out by Prof. Huxley, has not been
taken up as a matter of serious inquiry by biologists. The
want of an experimental station, to which allusion was made
in my address of last year, is no doubt responsible for the

* See some remarks by Prof. Poulton in this sense (op. cit., p. 143). Even
Mr. Bateson, whom nobody will accuse of any bias in favour of Darwin’s
views, admits that ‘‘ Natural selection . . . is obviously a ‘true cause’
at the least ’’ (‘‘ Materials for the Study of Variation,’’ p. 5).

@ -lnixg)

absence of work in this direction. I am glad to say, how-
ever, that, thanks to the zeal of our distinguished Fellow,
Mr. Francis Galton, there is some prospect of this want
being supplied at no very distant future. From the theoretical
side, Dr. A. R. Wallace’s ingenious treatment of this problem
is doubtless familiar to all who have considered the question.*

It seems necessary to apologise for occupying your time
with this recapitulation of old and well-worn topics. But in
the discussion at the Linnean Society, and subsequently in
“Nature,”’+ the whole question of the utility of specific
characters, and with it the interpretation of the principles
of the selection theory, has again been raised, The question
is of supreme importance to entomologists, because the diffi-
culties which have prevented many workers in our subject
from accepting natural selection as a sufficient cause of species
transformation, appear to me to be largely, if not entirely,
due to the meaning of the term ‘“‘utility” as applied to
specific characters. In fact, the various opinions expressed
by those who have taken part in the discussion, resolve
themselves into a few very simple questions: Are the
systematic characters by which species are diagnostically
separated from one another, those characters which, accord-
ing to the theory of natural selection, have given their
possessors that advantage in the struggle for life which has
led to their survival ? Are the external, visible, appreciable,
measurable characters alone to be regarded as of selection
value? May not some at least of the minor, more or less,
constant ‘‘ specific’ characters be the outward expression of
some constitutional or physiological differences at present
beyond the power of our methods of discrimination ?

The chief objection which has been urged against this last
view is that it necessitates the extension of the meaning of
the term ‘ correlation’’ beyond that originally assigned to it
by Darwin. Even if this were the case I do not, for the
reasons already stated, attach much weight to objections of
this class. If Darwin in his time did not contemplate cor-

* “Darwinism,’’ pp. 173-179. See also a letter by the writer, in ‘‘ Nature,”
1886, Vol. XX XIV., p. 384.
+ 1893, Vol. LIV., pp. 245, 293, 242, 365, 413, 435, 460, 491, 529, ete.

(SS)

relations of this order, I fail to see why we should not con-
sider them now. As a matter of fact it does, however, seem to
me that Darwin did most distinctly admit this principle of phy-
siological correlation. There is, for example, the well-known
argument of Dr. Wells, quoted by Prof. Ray Lankester, cor-
relating the colour of the dark-skinned races of man with
immunity from the attack of malarial fevers. It will be found,
moreover, on reference to Darwin’s writings, that he gives
many similar instances showing that, even within the limits
of the same species, certain constitutional differences, such
as immunity to natural poisons, are correlated with external
differences of colour, etc. There is, among others, the familiar
case of the black hogs of Virginia being less subject to suc-
cumb to the effect of eating the root of Lachnanthes tinctoria
than those of other colours.* The same principle is adopted
and extended by Wallace,+ who, in his last paper, sums up
the position by stating that “every truly specific character is
or has been useful, or, if not in itself useful, is strictly corre-
lated with such a character.’’{ There is here no limitation of
the term to structural correlations only, and I learnt from my
friend, Dr. Wallace, after the meeting, that he admitted cor-
relation, in the sense advocated by Prof. Lankester and myself
during the discussion. In justification of my own view I will
beg permission to quote from an obituary notice of Darwin
which was written in 1883, and which I now only make use
of because it occurs in a publication which may not be
generally accessible :—

‘Tt is most important to bear in mind that Darwin’s prime
mover, natural selection, acts not only upon external
characters, but likewise upon internal organization ; minute
constitutional or physiological deviations at present utterly
beyond the ken of science, can be seized upon and perpetuated

* “Origin of Species,’ 6th ed., p. 9; ‘‘ Variation of Animals,” etc., Vol.
II., pp. 227-230 and 336; ‘‘ Life and Letters,’ Vol. II., p. 800. See also
the concluding part of Chap. XXV. of the “‘ Variation of Animals,”’ ete.

+ “Darwinism,’’ pp. 140, 170. Also the section on the direct action
of the environment, pp. 418—420. See likewise Note 2, p. 42, of Weismann’s
latest essay on ‘‘ Germinal Selection,’’ 1896.

{ ‘‘ Journ. Linn. Soc.,’’ Dec., 1896, Vol. XXV., p. 496.

(7 assxit 3)

by this agency when of any advantage to the possessor. The
survival of the fittest is utilitarianism in eavcelsis.’’*

In endeayouring to interpret specific characters from the
utilitarian point of view we have therefore to consider not
only the possibility of direct, but likewise the possibility of
indirect utility. If the direct and obvious utility of every diag-
nostic character be insisted upon as an essential condition of
the theory of natural selection, then we are imposing upon that
theory a burden which its founders did not and do not sane-
tion. Ifin the name of that theory we are told that all the
trivial differences of colour, pattern, marking, ete., with
which entomological systematists have made us so abun-
dantly familiar, must be assigned a direct use in the
economy of the species, then it appears to me that we are
pushing Mr. Darwin’s teaching beyond its legitimate limits,
and I for one should candidly confess that the theory had
broken down. I should be among the first to admit that
such a strain could not be borne by the doctrine, and that
an implicit faith in the direct adaptational value of every
detail would transcend the limits of legitimate scientific
faith. But it cannot fairly be urged that either Darwin
or Wallace have narrowed us down to this restricted
view. The tenour of their teaching is simply to urge
caution before deciding that such or such a character is not
of adaptational value, a caution which has surely acquired
greater and greater significance with the progress of ‘dis-
covery since the promulgation of the theory. Of all classes
of the animal kingdom, insects have furnished the most
numerous and the most striking examples of the adaptational
value of characters which, but for the light of the doctrine,
would be absolutely devoid of meaning.

* «Trans. Essex Field Club,” Vol. III., p. 81.

+ A most remarkable contribution to this phase of evolutional biology has
recently been furnished by Mr. Walter Garstang with respect to Crustacea.
See his paper ‘On the Functions of certain Diagnostic Characters of
Decapod Crustacea,” read at the last Liverpool Meeting of the British Asso-
ciation; also ‘‘Contributions to Marine Bionomics; the Habits and
Respiratory Mechanism of Corystes cassivelaunus," ‘‘ Journ. Marine Biol.
Assoc.,” Vol IV., p. 223. Mr. Garstang informs me that a more complete
paper is in course of preparation.

( Ixxii_ —)

The @ priori considerations which appear to me to justify the
belief that correlation may exist between obvious and concealed
characters, and that such correlation is therefore a worthy sub-
ject of investigation, are, in the present imperfect state of know-
ledge, necessarily of a very general character. The complexity
of the living organism regarded as a machine actively trans-
forming matter and energy, renders it almost certain that any
variation in a particular structure or function must be accom-
panied by a simultaneous modification of some other structure
or function. Moreover, since every external part of the
organism is more or less variable, it is a fair inference that
internal parts are also variable. On this point there is much
actual evidence with respect to the higher animals, but little
or nothing is known about the internal variability of the
‘lower’ animals, and this remark is particularly true with
regard to insects. Now, if internal structures are variable,
there is no reason why internal functions should not also be
variable. If, therefore, natural selection can take advantage
of variations of structure, I do not see how we can refuse to
admit that it can take advantage of variations of function
when such modifications are required in response to some
change in external conditions. It is to this point that I wish
particularly to direct attention on the present occasion, because
in view of the more obvious action of selection as an agency
capable of leading structural modifications in desired direc-
tions, it has not been sufficiently insisted upon that functional
variations must equally come under its influence. It is no
doubt due tothe circumstance that variability of function is
so very much more difficult to deal with by observational or
experimental methods than variability of structure that the
contributions of morphology to the theory of descent have
hitherto far outweighed those of physiology.

If it be admitted on such grounds as these that diagnostic
characters may not as such be of direct selection value, the
systematist will do well to pause before declaring the in-
adequacy of natural selection in any particular case. There
are many characters of direct and obvious utility, such as
those connected with the procuring of food, defence, con-
cealment, or other means of protection, secondary sexual

© ixxne >)

characters, characters for insuring specific segregation
(Wallace’s ‘‘ recognition marks”), etc. Then also there is
the possibility of functional change, such for example as the
ocellated spots on certain Sphinx larve which may have
been originally developed for terrifying enemies and after-
wards, in some species, converted into protective mark-
ings, or vice versa.* With regard to colour and pattern as
a means of recognition—I mean, of course, by the insects
themselves and not by systematists—a wide field for observa-
tional entomology has been opened up by the suggestion.
That such characters are of value for the purpose of recog-
nition would appear probable from certain well authenticated
observations which indicate a temporary failure of the pro-
cess. I refer to those cases where a male butterfly has been
seen pursuing a mimetic female of another species until he
discovered his mistake.t This seems to show that the male
is guided at first sight by visible characters.

At the risk of digressing from the main topic of my address,
I cannot avoid dwelling a little longer upon this all-important
distinction between diagnostic characters and those of utili-
tarian significance from the selectionist’s standpoint. In the
class of insects most particularly is it necessary to bear in
mind that our systematic methods are more or less artificial.
The ‘‘ species” are generally described without reference to
life-history, without a knowledge of habit, often in profound
ignorance of the function of the structural characters which
are made use of for diagnostic purposes. He must, indeed,
be a bold systematist who unhesitatingly declares that this
or that specific character must be non-significant, and therefore
cannot have been produced by natural selection. This atti-
tude has always appeared to me as much wanting in scientific
caution as that opposite and illogical rashness with which the
supporters of the theory of evolution by natural selection are
sometimes credited. It is much about the same attitude as

* Weismann’s ‘Studies in the Theory of Descent,” English Edition,
p. 365. The tailed wings and ocelli in certain species of Thecla may pos-
sibly come under this heading. See Poulton’s work on “* The Colours of
Animals,”’ p. 207.

+ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 158.

( Ixxiv )

might be ascribed to a savage who, never having seen a
watch in movement, was for the first time shown the silent
mechanism, and who, in complete ignorance of its mode of
action, declared his belief that this or that wheel was useless.
Surely it is more scientific to use a reasonable hypothesis as
a weapon instigating inquiry into all possible uses of specific
characters than to put one’s own negative conclusions in the
place of positive knowledge.

To realise fully how much of importance may be dropped
out of consideration by paying exclusive attention to the
external characters of cabinet specimens, it is only necessary
to recall the numerous cases of mimicry and protective and
aggressive resemblance which are so commonly met with
among insects. I take it for granted that the characters
which contribute to these disguises are useful. If utility is
not obvious in all such instances, then nothing in the realm
of organic nature will bear the interpretation of utility.
Would any naturalist accept as an explanation of these
phenomena the statement that there existed a natural force
tending to mould organisms into a resemblance to their en-
vironment ? We might as well say that the laws of planetary
motion were brought about by the intervention of guiding
spirits, as was the belief of pre-Newtonian astronomers.
Now these adaptive and demonstrably useful characters are
surely ‘‘ specific,” whether the systematist attaches much or
little weight to them in his diagnoses. Moreover, the dis-
guise is enhanced and, in many cases, is only really effective
when combined with certain habits which are not, and cannot
be taken into consideration in ordinary diagnostic work.
Nevertheless, such habits are as truly ‘‘ specific ’’ as the form,
colour, and pattern with which they are associated. The
attitude of a stick-like Geometer larva, of a flower-like
Mantis, or of a deceptively marked spider, is as fairly
attributable to natural selection as the form, colour, and
pattern. Such habits must also be associated with specialisa-
tions of nervous function—with psychological characters which
find no expression in modern systematics.* It is obvious

* For remarks on this subject see Chap. I. of Lloyd Morgan’s recent
work on ‘‘ Habit and Instinct.”

(ox)

that diagnostic work, as at present conducted, gives us only
a restricted view of specific characters. Before pronouncing
upon the inutility of any character we should do well to bear
this fact in mind; I put forward once again a plea for
studying the action of the living machine as a whole before
we decide that any single detail of structure or function is
useless.

The correlation of habit with protective and aggressive
resemblance,* is to me one of the most striking illustrations
of the power of natural selection to utilise internal, in this
case psychological, characters.t I may remind you that on
the doctrine of the non-transmissibility of acquired charac-
ters, such habits are to be explained in the same way that we
account for useful structures, viz., by the action of selection
upon psychological congenital variations, and not by the
inheritance of a habit assumed by the individual during its
lifetime.t From this same point of view it may be remarked
in passing, that the whole subject of habit and instinct

* Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 158. Also Lloyd Morgan, op. cit., p.11,
et seq.

+ This point was fully recognized by Darwin and Wallace in their original
essays in 1858 (See Poulton’s ‘‘ Charles Darwin and Natural Selection,”
pp. 78, 79).

{ I use the word ‘‘ psychological’? in the general (Spencerian) sense of
indicating nervous function. Objections as to the improbability of such com-
plex correlations having arisen through the action of natural selection
because of the chances against the necessary co-adaptation of structures and
functions ever occurring in individuals never appeared to me to be of any
weight. Underlying these objections there is the gratuitous assumption that
the different components of the complex of characters have all been developed
simultaneously. But no evolutionist of the selection school has ever asserted
that this has been the mode of development of such characters. It is more
reasonable to believe that the various components have been added suc-
cessively in the order of time during the phylogeny, and that we now behold
the summing up of the results of a long series of superimposed characters,
some external and obvious, others internal and latent, but all of use by direct
or indirect adaptation (see Wallace’s ‘‘ Darwinism,” p. 418; also the present
writer in “‘ Nature,” Vol. XLIII., pp. 410 and 557, and Vol. XLIV.,
pp. 7 and 28). The late Dr. Romanes admits that if co-adaption can be
proved to result froma blending of adaptations, the difficulty would disappear
(‘‘ Darwin and after Darwin,’’ Vol. II., p. 68). Unfortunately the element
of time interposes itself as an obstacle to the experimental investigation of
such problems; more hopeful would appear to be the study of the compara-
tiv> ontogeny in allied groups of species.

(Slxacvie”)

requires reconsideration. It is certainly with great satis-
faction that I am enabled to state that Prof. Lloyd Morgan
has recently given us in his work bearing this title a contri-
bution of a very high order of importance. The author, as
the result of carefully conducted observations on young
birds and a very complete analysis of the evidence at present
available concerning young mammals, is disposed to accept
the view of the non-transmissionist school with respect to
acquired habits. It would be impossible to give here an
adequate notion of the contents of the book; but in
view of the wonderfully fascinating problems of habit and
instinct offered by insects, I can with confidence invite the
attention of entomologists to this latest discussion of the
subject.*

The bearing of these remarks on the question before us
—the utility of specific characters—is simple enough. A
difference of habit presupposes some difference of nervous
function, which again necessarily implies some difference of
structure. Until we know the complete life-habits of species
in nature, it would be rash to state that the systematist has
not included in his diagnosis some external characters corre-
sponding with these internal differences. The probability is
that he would, perhaps unconsciously, if he knew the organ-
ism only as a museum specimen, include such characters in
his description. But the external signs of internal differences
of vital importance to the welfare of the species might be
quite trivial, and, when considered quantitatively, might be
pronounced valueless from the Darwinian point of view. Any
systematist who adopted this course would be lable to fall
into serious error. If the theory of natural selection has
taught us anything with regard to species describing, it has
brought into greater prominence than before the import-
ance of trivial differences—not as of direct selection value,
but as the outward and perhaps the only detectable sign of

* Two very interesting papers bearing on the development of the habits
of social Hymenoptera have been published during the year by Dr. Paul
Marchal, viz. : ‘La Réproduction et 1’Evolution des Guépes’’ (Arch. Zoo.
Exp. et Gén. [3] IV., 1-100) and ‘‘ Observations sur les Polistes’ (Bull. Soc.
Zoo. France. XXI., 15-21).

(© lxxvn=)

internal differences incapable of being estimated by our
present methods, *

From these considerations another step brings us back to
physiological correlation. If variability of nervous function
can be seized upon by natural selection, it is but reasonable
to suggest that variability of other internal functions can also
be utilised when of advantage. Of the functions discharged
by the internal organs other than the nervous system, all
those obscure chemical processes concerned with metabolism
and nutrition, waste and repair, secretion and excretion, and
so forth, must be in adjustment with the life conditions of the
organism. If species are adapted to their mode of existence,
as is admitted by all schools of evolutionists,| the selectionist
must explain the physiological adaptation in the same way
that he explains the structural adaptation, viz., by the sur-
vival of individuals whose physiological processes are best in
harmony with their mode of life. But this explanation starts
from a variability of physiological function, and here I con-
fess that systematic observation is sadly wanting. Considering,
however, how much practical difficulty surrounds the investi-
gation of the physiology of any one organ, even in the higher
animals, it is by no means surprising that the question of
functional variability of this kind should not hitherto have
received the same attention from physiologists that the more
obvious structural variability has received from the morpholo-
gists. From analogy with the known variability of structure
it is fair to infer that a physiological variability also exists,

* “What student of the animal kingdom is ignorant of the deep correla-
tion existing between seemingly immaterial outward characters and import-
ant points in internal organisation, so that artificial systems built on the
former alone nevertheless result in a grouping quite corresponding to natural
relationships? ’’—From a lecture on ‘‘ Zoology since Darwin,” by Prof.
Ludwig von Graff, ‘‘ Natural Science,’’ Vol. LX., p. 366.

+ ‘ Not only do specific forms exist in nature, but they exist in such a way
as to fit the place in Nature in which they are placed; that is to say, the
specific form which an organism has, is adapted to the position which it fills
. . . . the adaptation is not absolute.’’—Bateson’s ‘* Materials for the
Study of Variation,’? p. 3. “ Darwin's ‘survival of the fittest’ we may
alone regard as absolutely demonstrated as a real factor, without committing
ourselves as to the ‘origin of fitness.’ ’’—From the fifth (Prof. H. F. Osborn's
biological lecture, delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s
Holl; Boston, 1895,

( bexyaite 9)

with the range of which we are at present ignorant. At any
rate, it appears to me inconceivable that any change of
environment requiring a modification of structure of suffi-
cient magnitude to rank as diagnostic in the systematic sense,
should not also be accompanied by a greater or less amount of
physiological readjustment.

The practical outcome of the foregoing suggestions is the
very pertinent question whether morphological are not also
physiological species, in the sense of having specific physio-
logical activit:es—if not invariably, at least in many cases.*
And out of this arises the further question whether such
physiological differences may not be correlated with external
characters which might or might not be considered of diag-
nostic value. Such characters might be non-significant from
the point of view of direct utility, but, by hypothesis, they
could never be harmful. The external and the internal
characters are alike under the control of natural selection.t
If a physiological modification is necessarily accompanied by
some harmful outward token it could never survive; but, on
the other hand, there is no reason why physiological modifi-
cations should not also be correlated with external useful
characters, in which case natural selection could take advan-
tage of them. We have here the suggestion that physio-
logical variability may be the cause of external visible
variability, and on this point entomology has much to
contribute.

* Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell has in a recent paper on ‘‘ The Bees of the
Genus Perdita, F. Smith ’’ (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jan., 1896)
come to the conclusion that “‘the essential distinctions between species are
physiological, the morphological ones being only valid for diagnostic purposes
just so far as they happen to coincide with the physiological.’’ I only came
across this statement after the above was written. J am bound to state that
the evidence does not appear to me at present to warrant such an extreme
view. ‘There must be so much in common in the physiological processes of
allied species, that well-marked physiological differences cannot, without
further evidence, be regarded as the universal characteristic of specific
differences.

+ ‘‘ With cattle, susceptibility to the attacks of flies is correlated with
colour, as is the lability to be poisoned by certain plants; so that even
colour would be thus subjected to the action of natural selection.’’
(‘‘ Origin of Species,’’ 6th ed., p. 159. Also the ‘‘ Variation of Animals and
Plants, etc.,’’ Vol. II., p. 229.)

(g dbeckes })

I will, in the first place, appeal, as I did last year in
connection with the general subject of speculation in biology,
to the green colour of leaf-feeding larve. It cannot be sup-
posed that this colour is of direct physiological use in the
same way that it is of use in the leaf. If it has any use at all,
and I think that this has been shown to be the case, it is for
the purpose of concealment. Among the first entomological
guesses I ever attempted in my younger days was the sug-
gestion that the colouring-matter of the leaf had in such eases
been utilised. That guess was converted into a demonstrable
fact by the experiments of my friend, Prof. Poulton, which
are now so well known as to require no recapitulation. But
the verification of my crude guess carries with it very wide-
reaching consequences, which bear directly upon the present
subject. If this character is of use, and is the result of the
action of natural selection, it must have arisen from physio-
logical variability, 7.e., out of generations of leaf-feeding
larve belonging to various orders of insects there have sur-
vived those groups whose digestive arrangements were capable
of allowing chlorophyll to pass in a modified form into the
blood, and so to colour the larva. <A physiological process of
a most remarkable kind has here been called into existence
because it is correlated with a useful external character.
What particular organ or organs have had their functions
modified for this purpose is a question of the greatest physio-
lozical interest, but doesnot immediately concern us now. The
fact that the colour is possessed by larvee belonging to different
orders of insects points to a community of character to start
from, and this is just what might have been anticipated with
respect to such fundamental functions as those of a physio-
logical nature. On the other hand, it may be necessary to
point out that chlorophyll does not furnish the only road to
green coloration in animals, because there are many green
species in which this substance cannot have been utilised in
the way that has been indicated.

From community of internal function, such as may fairly
be regarded as the characteristic of physiological processes,
it is not a very rash jump to the suggestion that all or many
of those causes or species transformation which have been

(\ ‘Vxacx |)

grouped under the headings climate and food, direct action
of the environment and so forth, may be of the nature of
physiological adaptations correlated with external significant
or non-significant characters. Certainly where colour as the
result of pigmentation comes into question, such a view
seems unavoidable. Of all the characters which appeal to
the eye of the systematist, colour, when due to pigment, is
one of the most obvious products of physiological activity.
In harmony with this view is the fact that where colour
variability exists—and there is no character more obyiously
variable—it is generally pigment colours that are concerned,
and not those due to physical structure such as striation or
lamination. Moreover, the observations of Mr. Gowland
Hopkins, to which I referred last year, and which have now
been published in extenso in the “‘ Philosophical Transactions ”’
of the Royal Society,* show how an excretory product, uric
acid, can be utilised in the production of colour and pattern.
IT say ‘‘utilised’’ advisedly, because uric acid itself is colourless,
but can give rise to coloured products by chemical trans-
formation. In the case of mimetic Pierids, some of which
have been examined by Mr. Hopkins, the coloured derivatives
of uric acid are of direct use because they contribute to the
disguise. Therefore, it may be said that natural selection
has here made use of physiological variability by picking out
individuals whose uric acid transforming powers were capable
of being exerted in a particular manner, é.e., those individuals
having an advantage in the way of approximating to the
model in colour and pattern. And what is true of uric acid
must be true of all other physiological products, whether they
are utilised for the production of colour and pattern or for
any other purpose. Thus the secretions employed for
defensive purposes, such as the formic acid of the larva of
Dicranura vinula,t the butyric acid of Carabide,} ete., may
fairly be ranked with those characters which, like adaptive
colouring, have an obvious use. If this be admitted we claim

* Vol. 186, 1895, B., pp. 661-682.

+ Poulton, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1886, p. 157: ‘The Colours of Animals,’’
p. 274.

t Pelouze, Jahresbericht iber die Fortschritte der Chemie, 1856, p. 716. /

(Oo ilbcxsis)

these products and the mechanism which produces them as
the result of natural selection acting upon physiological
variability as a basis. Whether these defensive secretions
have been directly developed for that particular purpose, or
whether, as appears more probable, a waste-product of
metabolism has been utilised, is at present an open question,
but the main contention that physiological processes can be
brought under the influence of natural selection is not
thereby influenced.

Incases such as have now been considered there are outward,
visible, and therefore ‘ specific ’ characters in the systematic
sense, such as colour, the formic acid gland, ete., which may
be regarded as the correlates of special physiological pro-
cesses. But if external characters such as these, which are
significant, can be legitimately correlated with special physio-
logical activities, is it not reasonable to suspect that there
may exist in any species special physiological activities which
are equally correlated with external non-significant characters
which have been allowed to persist simply because they are
indifferent ? It seems to me that such a suspicion would be
well founded. It is not going too far to say that the pigment
colours of organisms generally are due to their special phy-
siological activities, and any modification of these activities
would result ina modification of colour. Now, those external
conditions classed under the action of food and climate, etce.,
are just those conditions which might be expected to affect
physiological processes. If these processes are thus affected,
a local race, or ‘‘ geographical species,’ or, as far as we
know, a permanent species, might be produced by a true pro-
cess of physiological selection—not in the sense used by the
late Dr. Romanes—but by the ordinary operation of natural
selection. The suggestion is, I venture to think, worthy of
serious consideration. The mode of action may be rendered
more explicit by an example.

Supposing a butterfly physiologically susceptible to climate,
i.e., a Species whose special vital chemical processes are upset
in the pupal state by change of temperature, degree of
humidity, etc., ranges into new districts, or experiences a
change of climate in its own region. Since no two indi-

(Mrsecit ,))

viduals can be expected to be influenced by external conditions
in precisely the same way, there would at first arise a fluc-
tuating and undirected variability, representing physiological
modifications, of which some would be better adapted to the
changed conditions than others. Those individuals whose
physiological processes were best suited to the new conditions
would survive and gradually supplant the less suited indi-
viduals in the usual way. This might be called natural
physiological selection. With this change there would occur
a simultaneous change of external correlates—the outward
manifestation of the internal readjustment; the undirected
variability would become more definite, and, finally, the
species would become transformed by a process which at first
sight might appear to be simply climatic, but which in reality
would have been brought about by the displacement of the
physiologically unfit. Or, again, a species might experience
periodic climatic change in its own region, and require periodic
physiological readjustment. Of all the functions of an organ-
ism, those classed as physiological are probably the most
elastic—the most susceptible of meeting new conditions. In
insects undergoing complete metamorphosis, the pupal period
of histolysis and histogenesis is no doubt as critical physio-
logically as it is morphologically. But an exaggerated
physiological elasticity is required to meet some kinds of
periodic change, such as that of the seasons, and it is worth
considering the whole phenomenon of seasonal dimorphism
from this point of view. Is it not that the two seasonal forms
represent different physiological forms, the special activities
being adjusted to differences of temperature, amount of
moisture, etc.? May it not be that the selection of individual
physiological adaptability has brought about this result? If
these questions can be answered in the affirmative, then the
experiments of Dorfmeister, Weismann, Edwards, Merrifield,
Fischer, Standfuss, and others, simply mean that these
observers have produced, by the action of temperature, an
effect upon pupe which by natural selection have been
rendered adaptable* to changes of temperature, and that the

* This remark, of course, only applies to species which have become
seasonally dimorphic, and of such species only to those in which the two

@alkxxxiley))
effect thus produced upon the pupal physiology finds visible
expression in the colour and form of the imago. I may
call attention, in connection with this point, to a very valu-
able contribution to the physiology of wing pigments in
Lepidoptera, by Mr. A. G. Mayer, who has recently shown
that the pigments of the scales are derived from the blood
(hemolymph) of the pupa.* If, therefore, any systematist
asks of what use it can be to a butterfly or moth to have a
winter form of a different size, colour, and pattern to the
summer form, an answer might be suggested on the above
grounds. And if, further, the adaptability of the pupal physio-
logy makes itself manifest in this way in the imago, why
should we not regard permanent climatic change as a pos-
sible cause of species transformation through this same
process of physiological adaptation ? +

The question of the utility of specific characters in the
form that it has assumed of late years, appears to me to be

forms are not modified for direct protective purposes (Weismann’s ‘‘ direct
seasonal dimorpbism’’; see this author's ‘‘New Experiments on the
Seasonal Dimorphism of Lepidoptera,’ Eng. Ed. from ‘‘ Entomologist,’’
eos mee «Seq. When temperature changes induce modification in
species which are not ordinarily seasonally dimorphic, then the influence
may be ascribed either to reversion or to ** direct action ’’ on physiological
function. But the latter could not (on Weismannian principles) give rise to
permanent seasonal dimorphism (it required by the species) unless the
physiological modification corresponded with some increased fitness for a
higher or lower temperature, in which case selection would act in the usual
way. Perhaps this is what Standfuss had in mind when he says :—‘t These
experiments give rise to phylogenetic forms; forms, that is, which are no-
where to be found on the earth at the present day within the compass of the
species, but which may either have existed in past epochs, or may, perhaps,
be destined to arise in future ”’ (‘‘ Entomologist,’? May, 1895, p. 146). In
other words, the physiological disturbance induced by temperature change
produces results in the imago which may furnish the raw material for a visible
seasonal dimorphism in the future or which have already been made use of
for this purpose in the past, the los5 character reappearing when the physio-
logical processes are submitted to the same influence as that under which
they were developed.

* “Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo. Harvard Coll.,’’ Vol. XXIX., pp. 211—236,
No. 5, June, 1896.

+ After the above was in type I was made aware by Mr. J. W. Tutt, that
he had stated similar views befure the City of London Entomological Society
on Dee. Ist, 1896. I was, of course, ignorant of this at the time of writing,
and I am indebted to Mr. Tutt for forwarding me advanced proofs of his
address. Itis to me interesting to find that we have arrived by different
roads at somewhat similar conclusions.

( Texxaiy)

the result of an attempt to force upon the theory of natural
selection a narrow and rigid interpretation which is not
warranted. When we hear that such or such diagnostic
characters are too trivial to be explained on the Darwin-
Wallace principles, there is underlying such criticism the
quite gratuitous assumption that every external character
must be in direct and obvious relationship with some
external condition of life—that there must be some mani-
fest adaptation, such as that between a key and its lock.
My object in this address is simply to plead for a relaxation
of this rigid interpretation of the term ‘ utility.” The
theory has always been conceived by me to be not only a theory
of obvious adaptations, but also a theory of latent adapta-
tions. Itis not only a theory of obvious and latent adap-
tations, but it is also a theory of obvious and latent
adaptability. All those cases of variable protective colour-
ing which entomological observation has brought to light,
such as the colour adaptability of larve and pup, may
be referred to physiological correlation. The adaptability is
manifest to us only through its visible token of colour; of
the nature of the physiological processes which have been
utilised by natural selection we are as yet ignorant.
Poulton’s researches have brought us many steps nearer to
the intermediate mechanism, but there is yet a long road to
traverse before the mode of action of the external stimulus
(in this case light) upon the physiological processes can be
rendered apparent.* All that is now claimed is an extension
of the principle of physiological adaptability from obviously
significant characters to those which may be functionless
from the point of view of direct utility, but which may,
nevertheless, be of supreme importance when regarded as
physiological correlates. If such characters are sufficiently
constant in the assemblage of individuals constituting a

* In interpreting results of this kind by the selection theory, it may be
advisable to point out once again, that ‘‘ co-adaption” offers no fatal
objection. It is not necessary to suppose that a complex colour-adaptability
was developed all at once. There may first have arisen a responsive power
of change towards one colour, and then at a later period a similar power for
another colour, and so on until, in the most highly perfected species, all
possible natural contingencies were provided for.

( lxxxv )

species to take diagnostic rank, then the systematist may
pursue his labours with renewed zest, inspired by the idea
that there is something more underlying his studies than the
association of a name with a ‘‘ type.”

How far the principle of physiological correlation will
enable us to explain trivial and non-significant characters
I will not pretend to say. I merely formulate the sugges-
tion in order to prompt observation and experiment, and I
ask systematists to allow that indirect utility of this kind
may have to be reckoned with. In the interpretation of
diagnostic characters we have to consider that some are
obviously useful now, that others may be ancestral, that
others are obvious correlates, that others, again, must have
some direct use of which we are ignorant, and that a residue
of inexplicable characters may exist of which some are the
correlates of latent specific characters. Considering the
small amount of progress that has been made in the physio-
logy of the lower classes of animals, it is not surprising that
I should have been unable to draw largely upon entomo-
logical examples. It is certainly to me a matter of wonder
that the species question should not have been handled to
a greater extent by professed physiologists. Most cordially
can I endorse the recent utterance of Prof. Ludwig von
Graff :—

‘‘ Looking back, we see how in all the chief branches of
zoological science the theory of descent newly formulated by
Darwin has become the motive of a thoroughness in research
not found in any earlier period. It is characterised by the
preponderance of the morphological interest, which has led to
such a one-sided neglect of physiology, that to-day, when the
development of morphology forces the formulation of questions
whose answers experiment alone can supply, neither the
methods of work nor the worker himself are at hand to solve
them.’’*

Although in the absence of a sufficient body of definite
experimental evidence physiological correlation can only be
regarded as a hypothetical factor in the production of specific
characters, it has appeared to me sufficiently plausible as a

* “ Natural Science,’ Vol. IX., p. 368.

@ ixxxw )

speculation to formulate the idea into a working hypothesis
worthy of the attention both of systematists and of physiolo-
gists. One of the most promising lines of advancement in the
future is in that field where these two classes of workers will
co-operate. A large amount of observation is on record which
will bear interpretation by this hypothesis, but much of it
requires confirmation, and allis more or less indefinite. Whole
chapters of facts which have been accumulated by writers on
evolution since Darwin’s time might profitably be recon-
structed from this point of view. The nearest approach to
the systematic treatment of physiological correlation that I
am acquainted with is to be found in H. de Varigny’s
little work on ‘“ Experimental Evolution,’* but even this
author does not make any attempt to co-ordinate his results
in the light of the selection theory.

The experimental and observational verification of the
hypothesis is obviously surrounded by immense practical
difficulties—the difficulties naturally arising from the com-
plexity of the phenomena presented by living organisms, the
imperfection of our resources, the obstacles in the way of
disentangling one particular factor out of a multitude, and so
forth. None the less does it appear to me of the greatest
importance that the problem should be seriously attacked by
any and every means in our power.t The facts themselves are

* Lectures delivered in the University Hall, Edinburgh, 1891. ‘‘ Nature
Series,” 1892. Many of the observations in Prof. Karl Semper’s work on
‘© Animal Life,” ‘* Internat. Sci. Series,” are also worthy of being recon-
sidered in connection with physiological correlation, as well as certain
chapters in Eimer’s ‘‘ Organic Evolution,’? Cunningham’s Translation.

+ Prof. H. F. Osborn, in the lecture referred to, argues in favour of new
and unknown factors in organic evolution on the ground that the old factors
areinadequate. He says (loc. cit., p. 82) :—‘' We are far from finally testing
or dismissing these old factors, but the reaction from speculation upon them
is in itself a silent admission that we may reach out for some unknown
quantity. If such does exist there is little hope that we shall discover it except
by the most laborious research; and while we may predict that conclusive
evidence of its existence will be found in morphology, it is safe to add that
the fortunate discoverer will be a physiologist.’? The only point on which I
should differ from my friend, Prof. Osborn, is that the ‘‘ unknown quantity ”’
should necessarily be outside the pale of Darwinism. Physiological charac-
ters must be as subject to natural selection as morphological characters ;
physiological fitness must be as important an element in determining survival
as morphological fitness.

@ tiexxvay )

most difficult to ascertain, and when ascertained most difficult
to interpret. Consider, for example, the case already alluded
to, the relative immunity of dark-skinned races from malarial
fever, which fact was made the basis of a restricted theory of
natural selection by Dr. Wells, in 18138. The most reason-
able interpretation that can be placed upon this observation is
that the dark-skinned races have already undergone the
action of natural selection by the elimination of those indi-
viduals most sensitive to the attack of particular micro-
organisms. There has thus arisen a race less liable to
malarial fever than the white races which have not been for
so long subjected to this selective process. Since the dark
races come from regions where malarial fever is most preva-
lent and fatal, dark pigmented skin has become associated
with immunity from this class of diseases. The immediate
cause of the immunity, whether, as suggested by Prof. Ray
Lankester, ‘‘ a certain germ-slaying quality in the phagocytes,”’
or any other quality of the blood, is physiological, and natural
selection may therefore be considered to have acted in this
case by taking advantage of physiological variability. But
the difficulty of interpretation will appear when it is called to
mind that selection may have had in this instance a dark-
skinned race to deal with from the very beginning, so that
there may be no necessary correlation between the colour and
the power of resisting fever germs. The dark colour of the
skin may be a concomitant and not a correlate of the germ-
slaying faculty in the blood. Thus in all such cases the first
thing to be settled is whether a particular external character
is a true correlate or only an accidental concomitant of cer-
tain internal physiological characters.

With respect to the action of food, a certain number of
instances have been recorded which appear to indicate that
colour, at any rate, may in certain cases be influenced by this
means.* The evidence, on the whole, is not very satisfactory. +

* De Varigny, op. cit., p. 57; Romanes, “‘ Darwin and after Darwin,”
Vol. II., p. 217; Beddard, ‘‘ Animal Coloration,” p. 48; Eimer, ** Organic
Evolution,’’ Cunningham’s Translation, pp. 147, et seq.

+ Semper, op. cit., p. 69. Among recent workers at this subject,
Dr. Standfuss, after many experiments, obtained only negative results (see

( hesxyur =)

I personally have always felt anxious to obtain confirmation
of that oft-quoted instance communicated to Darwin by
Moritz Wagner, according to which a Texan species of
Saturnia transported to Switzerland became transformed by
feeding the larve on Juglans regia instead of J. nigra. But
if food can modify an organism —and all the evidence on this
point cannot be swept aside—consider the difficulties of inter-
pretation. In the first place, we must be sure that it is the
food material as such which induces the change, and not
some other concomitant external change which had not been
taken into account. In the next place, the food-stuff itself
may act directly as a disturber of physiological processes, and
so affect external characters with which the processes are
correlated. But an action of this kind could, on Weisman-
nian principles, produce only a temporary local race which
would revert as soon as the source of disturbance was
removed. How many systematists have applied a test of this
kind to ascertain whether a named ‘type ’’ represents a per-
manent species? Then, again, a species might be physio-
logically susceptible to the influence of food through having
been compelled by stress of circumstances to adapt itself to
changes of diet. Such individual adaptability could be con-
ferred by natural selection by the picking out of those indi-
viduals whose capabilities of assimilation were congenitally
the more elastic. It is not unreasonable to suppose, for

the translation of his paper by Dr. Dixey, in the ‘‘ Entomologist ’’ for March,
1895, p. 75). Mr. F. W. Merrifield informs me that his own experience is in
accordance with this, 7.e., so far as concerns Lepidoptera the nature of
the larval food does not appear to influence the character of the
imago, excepting in so far as it affects vigour, and ‘‘that vigour affects
colouring in the way of rendering it more vivid, and, where there are several
colours, in rendering the contrasts between them more striking. Where this
is the case it is always or usually associated with greater size or robust-
ness.’’ This may be translated into the statement that certain kinds of food
stimulate all the physiological functions. Mr. Beddard states that the tiger-
moth (Chelonia caja) is ‘‘ almost the classical instance of the effects of
food upon colour” (‘‘ Animal Coloration,”’ p. 52). If this be so—and it is
certainly not in accordance with my experience—it is remarkable that
varieties should be so rare, in view of the fact that the larva feeds on such a
number of different plants. Moreover, when well-marked aberrations
occur, they appear generally singly out of a whole brood fed on the same
plant.

(@e beexix )

example, that the success of polyphagic species, such as the
species of Hybernia, etc., is attributable to this kind of
adaptability to various distinct kinds of foliage. If, more-
over, this adaptability corresponded with a visible effect upon
the colour or form of any subsequent stage, we should have a
character which might be considered of diagnostic value, and
which might be erroneously quoted as another example of
the inutility of specific characters. There is also the possi-
bility that the action of the food may be only apparent and
not real, resulting in fact from the indirect action of the
colour of the surroundings upon the physiology of the indi-
vidual (Poulton’s factor).

Finally, the action of other external agencies may, as
already indicated, be referred to physiological adaptation of
the species as a whole, or to individual physiological adapta-
bility. These two modes of action must be disentangled, and
systematically conducted experimental observations alone will
enable us to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion. If a species
requiring concealment under variable external conditions
acquires a power of individual adaptability by any physio-
logical mechanism whatever, the stimulus under which that
adjustability was first produced by natural selection will
always tend to produce the necessary colour change, even
when the individual is removed from its surroundings, by
virtue of the conservative tendency of heredity. It inherits a
power of responding to light, heat, ete. Natural selection does
not concern itself with physiological mechanisms as such ; it
utilises their effects whether obvious or latent. The problem
before us is to determine whether any, and if so, which of the
‘« specific’ characters are physiological correlates. If, as the
experiments of Vulpian and Monnier, quoted by De Varigny,
seem to show,* the two allied frogs, Rana esculenta and
R. temporaria, differ to such an extent in their physiological
characters as to react in quite different ways to the same
poison, who can say that some of the diagnostic characters of
these species are not the correlates of the physiological differ-
ences? These and whole groups of similar cases are await-

* Op, ctt., p. 130, et seq.

( xe)

ing investigation by the only legitimate method, viz., by
experiment and observation. If, owing to the community of
the physiological activities of different species not very closely
related from the systematic point of view, a physiological
variability gives rise to the appearance of the same type of
variation (Darwin’s ‘‘ parallel or analogous variation ’’), such,
for example, as melanism, or a darker suffusion of pigment,
it is quite intelligible that such a type of variation, if of use,
would be seized upon and perpetuated by natural selection.
Thus, in accordance with Lord Walsingham’s ingenious
theory of the dark forms of Lepidoptera from high latitudes,
an advantage is conferred upon such forms by their superior
absorbing power for solar radiation. Natural selection has
here again utilised physiological variability ; it happens that
it is a variability of a type common to widely divergent forms,
by virtue of its being connected with internal processes which
are common to such divergentforms, The result is that
different species of butterflies and moths are alike affected,
not by the direct action of low temperature, but by the selec-
tion of darker forms—by the survival of certain special types
of physiological activity. But if divergent forms can be made
by such means to display a similarity in external useful
characters, it is conceivable that a similarity of external non-
significant characters may also result in groups of different
species by the selection of the physiologically fit—the adapta-
tion in such cases having reference to latent characters. In
this light “the direct action of the environment ’’ disappears
as a distinct factor of organic development.

The bearings of the suggestion which I have attempted to
put into a somewhat more definite form in this address will,
I hope, be perceived by practical workers. It will be realised
perhaps more clearly that there is a very human element in
the term ‘specific character,” and that the differential
characters which the systematist has learnt to detect with
such consummate skill bear no proportional relationship to the
actual differences between the forms described. It will also
appear that physical external conditions, as factors in the

(4 Xcine )

transformation of species, may require raising into greater
prominence than they have hitherto occupied. ‘he fact that
the struggle for life is not only between living forms but also
between the organism and its physical environment was
clearly enough perceived by the founders of the theory of
natural selection, although they attributed greater weight to
the former; the tendency of my remarks is simply to give
renewed emphasis to the action of the physical as distinguished
from the organic environment. In contemplating the fact
that only a small number of the whole offspring reach maturity,
we must bear in mind the possibility of physiological unfitness
being a cause of elimination.*

Iam most anxious to avoid the appearance of founding a
new sect, and I again remind you, in concluding, that I am
not laying down any new law; neither do I assert that
physiological correlation is a proved factor, It is my
object simply to suggest that such a factor may _ pro-
fitably form the subject of experimental investigation.
Until we are enabled to penetrate further into the latent
mysteries of the living organism and the relationship between
its inner activities and the external conditions of its existence,
it appears to me that discussions as to which out of a group
of correlated characters, some obvious and others latent, is to
be regarded as the cause of its survival are likely to prove
barren. If, on the other hand, my remarks do but prompt
further inquiry into the subject of physiological variability—
if they only bring about a closer rapprochement between

* The problem as it presents itself for investigation may be put in other
words thus:—Supposing all the offspring of one pair to be kept under
identical physical conditions, supplied with plenty of food, and removed
from all competition with other forms of life, would all the individuals
reach maturity and, if not, what influence would determine which should
survive and which succumb? It seems but reasonable to suppose that
physiological unfitness for those particular physical conditions would be one
important factor in determining survival. In any experiments undertaken
in this direction the possible selecting action of micro-organisms must be
taken into consideration. It is generally believed, for instance, as the result
of Pasteur’s investigations, that the larvee of Bombyx mort which spin
white silk are less liable to the attack of fungoil disease than those which
spin yellow cocoons. If this be the case the colour of the silk is a correlate
of some constitutional or physiological character of the larva.

© exc)

systematists and physiologists—they will not have been made
in vain. I cannot but feel the great imperfection of my plea,
but if I have been unable to offer a more substantial
contribution you must attribute my shortcomings to want
of time for working at any special branch of entomology.
The little part that I have endeavoured to play has always
been to help, Iam afraid by somewhat disjointed efforts, in
overthrowing that threatening notice of “no thoroughfare ”’
which was at one time interposed in the path of speculation
in our department of zoological science. The labours of those
who have entered our domain by this path have encouraged
and confirmed me in the belief that such efforts have not been
altogether devoid of value.

OBITUARY.

Artaur Srpney Onur, F.E.S.—Although Mr. Olliff died
in December, 1895, the news of his death did not reach
England until after my last address. I therefore think it
necessary to refer to him at the present time. He died at
Sydney, N. 8. W., on December 29th, 1895. He was the
only son of Mr. §. J. Olliff, of Hornsey, London, and was
born in 1865, being just over thirty years of age when he
died. He was first employed in the office of the late Mr.
KE. W. Janson, and afterwards obtained a post at the British .
Museum ; subsequently he was curator and private secre-
tary to Lord Walsingham. In December, 1884, he left
Kingland, having obtained a position in the Australian
Museum at Sydney. In 1890 he was appointed Govern-
ment Entomologist in connection with the Agricultural
Department of New South Wales. He recently published
an important official pamphlet of fifteen pages with four
plates, on the so-called ‘‘ vegetable caterpillars,’ under the
title ‘‘ Australian Kntomophytes.’’ He joined the Entomo-
logical Society of London in 1886.

Epwarp Armitace, R.A., F'.K.8., died at Tunbridge Wells,
on Sunday the 24th of May last, from apoplexy and ex-

(| xeili )

haustion following pneumonia, after having been ill for about
three weeks. Mr. Armitage was born in London in 1817, so
that he had but just completed his 79th year. Educated
principally in France and Germany in 1837, he entered
the studio of Paul Delaroche in Paris, and was elected by
that artist to assist him in a decoration he was then engaged
upon at the School of Fine Arts. At Paris Mr. Armitage
exhibited his first independent work, ‘‘ Prometheus Bound,”
and subsequently gained a first class prize of £300 in the
Cartoon Exhibition at Westminster Hall, for his ‘‘ Landing
of Julius Cesar in Britain.” After a year’s study at Rome
he returned to England and exhibited his first pictures at
the Royal Academy, in 1848, ‘‘Henry the Eighth and
Katherine Parr’? and ‘‘ The Death of Nelson’; and to the
annual exhibitions of that body he had, until a year or two
ago, been a constant contributor. I am not aware that he
ever published any papers on entomological subjects, but he
possessed a collection of exotic Coleoptera, and, moreover, he
was one of the oldest Fellows of the Entomological Society
of London, haying been elected in 1856. Some years ago he
exhibited at the Royal Academy a picture of a ‘“ Sale of an
Insect Collection at Stevens’s Great Rooms.”

Peter Incupatp, F.L.8., F.E.S.—This well-known York-
shire naturalist died at Hornsea, Yorkshire, on 138th June
last, in his 82nd year. He joined the Entomological Society
in 1880.

Miss Gerorcrana EinizasetrH Ormerop, F.E.S., died at
St. Albans, Herts, on August 19th, aged 73. She was a
daughter of the late Dr. George Ormerod, and a sister of
Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, so well known as a writer on
economic entomology. She was an accomplished artist.
Miss G. E. Ormerod was elected a Member of the Entomo-
logical Society of London in 1880.

Aueuste Satut, F.E.S.—This well-known French entomo-
logist died at his residence in Paris, on May 5th, in his 76th
year. M. Sallé travelled much in the Southern States, the
West Indies, Central America and Venezuela, making collec-
tions in all branches of entomology. On his return he estab-
lished himself as a Natural History Agent in Paris. He

€ xciv’ )

several times took temporary charge of important collec-
tions; the rich collection of Baron de Chaudoir was, it is
said, in his house during the siege of Paris, in 1871. His
Central American collections were purchased by Messrs.
Godman and Salvin, and formed part of the materials for the
‘‘ Biologia Centrali Americana.’’ Most of his papers were
published in the ‘* Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France,’ of which
Society he was elected a Member in 1852. He joined the
Entomological Society of London in 1875. Sallé was ex-
tremely genial and courteous in his manners.

Artur Dowsert, F.Z.S., F E.S., died at Reading, on
the 6th November last. He was formerly in business in
Brighton as a dispensing chemist, and on retirement from
business went to reside at Reading. He was one of the
founders of the Reading Natural History Society, and had
occupied the position of President of the Society since 1884.
Mr. Dowsett possessed large collections of birds and insects.
Beyond a few notes in the ‘‘Proceedings of the Brighton
and Sussex Natural History Society,’ and in the ‘‘ Kntomo-
logist,” I am not aware that he published anything on the
subject of entomology. He joined the Entomological Society
in 1874, and the Zoological Society in 1876.

Amongst the names of other entomologists, not Fellows of
the Society, who have died during the year, the following
deserve mention :—

Jutius Fronr.—This well-known Coleopterist died in
Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 8th, after a few weeks’
illness. He was born at Hamburgh in 1837. He was
educated in his native city, and from his boyhood took
an interest in Coleoptera. After several years’ residence
in England he went to Mexico in 1859, and entered a
banking-house in which he subsequently became a partner.
In 1877 he retired from business, and from that period
to the time of his death he devoted his attention to the
investigation of the Coleopterous fauna of Mexico. To him
we are largely indebted for a knowledge of the Coleoptera of
that country. He was always ready to assist the contributors
to the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali Americana’’ by working up
neglected groups. From time to time he visited England,

Cxcw -)

and made the acquaintance of Bates and many of the other
leading entomologists. One or two papers on Mexican
Coleoptera were contributed by him to German periodicals.

JosEPH CHAPPELL.—Joseph Chappell died on October 8rd
last in Manchester, in his 67th year. By his death Lan-
cashire has lost a fine example of its many working-men
naturalists. For upwards of forty years he collected, studied,
and observed the insects of the Manchester district. He ren-
dered valuable assistance to Dr. Ellis in his ‘‘ Catalogue of
the Lepidoptera of Lancashire and Cheshire,” and he also
helped Canon Fowler in his ‘‘ Coleoptera of Great Britain and
Treland.’’ He discovered Lymeaylon navale in Durham Park.
He worked out the life-history of Sesia culiciformis on Chat Moss,
and was the first to detect T'apinostola elymi as a British insect.
During the Jubilee Exhibition at Old Trafford he was in
charge of the exhibition of living silkworm moths. Mr
Chappell was an Honorary Member of the Lancashire and
Cheshire Entomological Society. His extensive collections
were recently purchased by Mr. C. H. Schill.

Dr. F. F. Morawrrz, who died at St. Petersburg on the 17th
ult., was, I believe, the founder of the Russian Entomological
Society. He was born at St. Petersburg, of Silesian parents,
on August 8rd, 1827. He studied at the University of
Dorpat, became physician at the Empress Marie Institute,
and at various times travelled all over Europe. Twice he
joined scientific expeditions to the Caucasus. He is said to
have possessed one of the finest insect collections in the world.

( “xeviy )

PN Ditoxs

Notr.—Where the name only of the Species or Genus is mentioned, the
description will be found on the page referred to.

The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman
numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’

The New Genera and Species, and those which have been redascribed, will
be found in detail, but certain of the longer papers are arranged generi-
cally under their headings.

Page | Page
GENERAL SUBJECTS ......... xevi FLY MENOPTE RIA. csesacoaesseecees civ
COLEOPTERA geroccsec-esternces X¢Vil IGEPIDOPTER A receceee: caeteee Civ
ID EPTER AD hose sce enero eee c INEGROPTERAG ceesccsccceas-eee- cv
ED MITPT RAGE. cereceeoemeeece ee civ ORTHOPT PRA sesceseeesscesee ee evi
———————=

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Annual Meeting, lviii.

Acridiid, on the Courtship of certain European species of, xxiii.

Antherea mylitta, pup of, notes on, ii.

A discussion as to the best means of preventing the destruction of certain
British butterflies, xxix.

Cenonympha iphis and C. satyrion, on the specific identity of, xlii.

Diptera, notes on flower-haunting, x.

Dytiscus, notes on dimorphic forms of, xxi.

CGonepteryx rhamni and Vanessa atalanta, temperature experiments on, xxv.

Insects, photography of, xxii.

Lastocampa rubi, inflammation of the eyes caused by the hairs of the lirva
of, iii.

Lepidoptera, use of generic terms in, xxviii.

Locustidx, eggs of, xix.

Melampias, notes on species of, xlix.

Micropteryx, notes on, xvii.

New Forest, trees in, denuded of foliage by moths, xxxvii.

Nomenclature of the Geometridz, on the, x.

Notonecta glauca, oviposition of, xxvii.

(Kcophylla smaragdina, notes on the habits of, ix.

On the relation of mimetic patterns to the original form, iv.

President’s Address, Ixii.

Retinia resinana, cells of, viii.

Tephrosia bistortata (crepuscularia) and biundularia, notes on, xl., liii.

Tropical American butterflies, Homcochromatie groups of, xxxviii.

Tsetse fly, notes on, xlii.

( xevii )

COLEOPTERA.

Acastus, n. g., 177. A. agrestis, n. s., 178.—impressicollis, n. s., 179.—
rusticus, u. s., 178.—segnis, n. s., 178.

Acropteron quadraticolle, n. s., 29.

Adoretus melanoleucus, n. s., 161.

Amara famelica, from Woking, exhibited, xxv.

Anviantus costatus, 168.—globulipennis, n. s., 167.—octocostatus, n. s., 167.
—mashunus, un. s., 167.

Anedus quadrinotatus, n. s., 26.

Anomala pinguis, n. s., 161.

Anomaliplus (Acm:eus) marshalli, n. s., 170.—plebeius, n. s., 169.—podag-
ricus, n. s., 168.—proxinvus, 169.—segnis, n. s., 178.

Anthicus grenadensis, n, s., 48.—sulcipennis, n. s., 46.

Apoderus geitilis, n. s., 189.

Arrhabeus debilis, n. s., 20.

Arrhenoplita suilla, n.s., 11.

Asphalmus, n. g., 94. A. japonicus, n. s., £5.

Asyleptus,n. g,, 179. A. funosus, n. s., 179.

Attelabus carneolus, n. s., 188. .

Blapida castaneipennis, n. 8., 28.

Blosyrus japonicus, n. s., 88.

Bolboceras panza, n. s., 159.

Brachycerus divergens, 187.—effertus, n. s., 188.—indutus, n. s., 187.

Brimus pascoei, n. s., 180.

Byzacnus capensis, n. s., 171.

Callidium variabile, from Blenheim, exhibited, xxxviil.

Catapionus obscurus, n. s., 90.

Ceroplesis fallax, n. s., 183.—manicana, n. s., 183.

Cetonia aspersa, n. s., 163.—nigropunctulata, n. s., 163.

Chlorophanus grandis, var. lugubris and metallicus, 111.—planus, n. s.,
iia

Cimbus viridanus, n. s., 185.

Conalia fulvoplagiata, un. s., 50.

Copidita costata, n. s., 40.—frovtalis, n.s., 42.—grenadensis, n. s., 42.—
quadrilineata, n. s., 42.

Crossotarsus cavifrons, n. s., 192.

Cryptarthrum, n. g., 200. C. walkeri, n. s., 200.

Crypticus undatus, n. s., 5.

Ctesicles, n. g., 7. C. insularis, n. s., 7.—maritimus, n. s., 8.

Cyrtotriche rikatle,n. s., 172.

Diallobius, n. g., 104 D. inornatus, n.s., 104.—mundus, n. s., 104.—
lewist, n. s., 105.

Dryocetes gravidus, n. s., 206.—rugatus, n. s., 204.—sumatranus, n. s.,
205.—taprobanus, n. s., 203.

Dytiscus latissimus, exhibited, viii.

Eburia quadrinotata, from Eeuador, exhibited, xxv.

Emus hirtus, from Kent, exhibited, xxxix.

Episomus mundus, n. s., 93.

Epitragus eraratus, n. s., 2.

( xviii)

Eumyllocerus, n. g., 109. EH. gratiosus, n. s., 109.

Euretus, n. g., 186. EH. aurivillii, n. g., 186.

Goliathus russus, exhibited, iii.

Helicopris selousi, n. s., 153.

Heteromerous Coleoptera, changes in nomenclature in certain species of, 447.

Heteromerous Coleoptera of St. Vincent, Grenada, and tbe Grenadines ;
species belonging to the following families and genera described and
alluded to {G. OU. Champion): — Acropteron, 29.—Alegoria, 21.—
Alphitobius, 24.—Anzedus, 26.—Anthicide, 45.—Anthicus, 46.—
Arrhabeus, 20.—Arrhenoplita, 11.—Blapida, 28.—Cantharide, 52.—
Cistellide, 33.—Conalia, 49.—Copidita, 40.—Crypticus, 5.—Ctesicles,
n. g., 7.—Cyrtosoma, 28.—Doliema, 25.—Echocerus, 18.—Epitragus, 2.
~—Horia, 52.—Iccius, 18.—Lagriidx, 36.—-Lobopoda, 33.—Lorelopsis,
n. g., 15.—Lorelus, 14.—Lystronychus, 34.—Macratria, n. g., 16.—
Macrosiagon, 51.—Menimopsis, nu. g., 16.—Mentes, 30.—Mordella, 48.—
Mordellide, 48.—Mordellistena, 50.—Myodes, 51.—Hdemeride, 39.—
Opatrinus, 6.—Ovxacis, 39.—Ozolais, 10.—Paratenetus, 27.—Phaleria,
9.—Pythidx, 38.—Rhipidophoridx, 51.—Rhipidophorus, 51.—Scaptes,
9.—Schenicus, 4.—Sosthenes, 83 —Statira, 36.—Talanus, 19.—Tene-
brionide, 2.—Tetraonyx, 53.—Tribolium, 19.—Uloma, 21.-—Xylophi-
lidx#, 43.—Xylophilus, 43.—Zonitis, 53.—Zophobas, 25.

Hylesinus despectus, alluded to, 197.—wallacei, n. s., 197.

fecius grenadensis, n. s., 19.—rufotestaceus, n. s., 18.

Kurilonus, n. g., 113. K. insolitus, n.s., 114.

Lobopoda ebenina, n. s., 34.—insularis, n. s., 33.

Lorelopsis, n.g., 15. L. pilosus, n.s., 16.

Lovelus brevicornis, n.s , 14.

Lystronychus rufonotatus, n. s., 35.—tuberculifer, n. s., 34.

Macratria femoralis, n. s., 45.

Malthodes australis, n. s., 166.

Mazoe, n. g., 162. M. jucunda, n. s., 162.

Menimopsis, n. g., 16. M. exceecus, n. s., °7.

Mentes eneopiceus, n.s., 30.

Meotiorhynchus, n. g., 85. M. querendus, 86.

Micrantereus, new species described :—algoensis, 176.—carinatus, 173.—
deverus, 176.—fallax, 175.—gratiosus, 174.—limpopoanus, 172.—luc-
tuosus, 173.—ovampoanus, 175.—pronus, 176.—scaberrimus, 172.—
spurius, 174.

Mordella serguttata, n. s., 48.

Mordellistena pallida, n. s., 50.

Myllocerus (?) abnormalis, n. s., 108.—hilleri, 107.—naso, n. s., 106.

Myosides pyrus, n. 8., 93.

Omoiotus, n. g., 95. O. ovatus, n. s., 96.

Onitis dispar, n. s., 155.—zambeziana, n. s., 154.

Onthophagus gemmeus, n. s., 157.—insignis, n. s., 157.—mashunus, n. 3.,
155.—ponderosus, n. s., 156.

Orphnus mashunus, n. s., 158.—ovampoanus, n. s., 158.—pugnaa, 159.—
zambezianus, n. s., 157.

Osphya bipunctata from Chattenden Roughs, exhibited, xxxviii.

Ovacis antillarum, n. s., 39.

(exci)

Ozolais tuberculifera, n. s., 10.

Parasitones, n. g., 113. P. gravidus, n. s., 118.

Paussus arduus, n. 8., 149.—barkeri, n. s., 152.—concinna, n.s., 150.—
manicanus, n. s., 149.—marshalli, n. s., 153.—raffrayi, n. s., 150.—
viator, n. s., 151.

Phleosinus cribratus, n. 8., 198.—vilis, n. s., 199.

Phyllobius annectens, n. s., 97.—inconptus, n. s., 103.—japonicus, 101.—
leechi, n. s., 103.—nigritus, n. s., 100.—polydrusoides, n. s , 102.

Plagithmysus, series of, exhibited, lvi.

Platydema apicenotatum, n. s., 13.—piliferwm, n. s., 12.

Platynotus insularis, synonym of Hypaulaw iridescens, 449.

Platypus biuncus, n. s., 194.—philippensis, n. s., 198.

Polycleis decorus, n. s., 185.—prasinus, n. s., 185.—swimptuosus, n. s., 184

Procas armillatus, from Chatham, exhibited, xix.

Psiloptera eneola, n. s., 164,.—chalcophoroides, n. s., 164.

Psylliodes cyanoptera, from Wicken, exhibited, xxxviii.

Quedius riparius, from Porlock, exhibited, xx.

Rhabdopholis irrorata, n. s., 160.

Rhipidophorus sancti-vincentis, n. s., 51.

Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan; species belonging to the following

' families and genera described or alluded to (D. Sharp) :—Amystaz, 87.
—Anosimus, 110.—Arraphogaster, 94.—Asphalmus, n. g., 94.—
Blosyrus, 88.—Calomycterus, 84.—Canoixus, 112.—Catapionus, 83.—
Chlorophanus, 110.—Copanochys, 84.—Diallobius, un. g., 104.—
Episomus, 92.—Eugnathus, 112.—Eumyllocerus, n. g , 109.—Hypery-
stylus, 110.—Kurilonus, n. g., 118.—Macrocorynus, 106.—Meotiorhyn-
chus, n. g., 85.—Myllocerus, 106.—Myosides, 93.—Omoiotus, n. g., 95.
—Otiorhynchide, 82.—Parasitones, n. g., 118.—Phyllobius, 97.—Phy-
toscaphus, 118.—Piazomias, 87.—Pseudocneorrhinus, 83.—Ptochus,
112.—Scepticus, 87.—Scythropus. 106.—Sitones, 112.—Sitonides, 112.—
Trachyphleosoma, n syn., 92.—Trachyrhinus, n.g., 91.

Scaptes ciliatus, n. s., 9.

Schenicus antillarum, n. s., 5.—brunneus, 4

Scolyto-platypus (Teniocerus) eutomoides, n. s., 19°.—raja, alluded to,
195.

Sosthenes parvulus,, n.s., 38.

Statira antillarum, n. s., 35.—vittata, n. s., 37.

Sternotomis mozambica, n. s., 181.

Talanus ferrujineus, n. 8., 31.—lexvicollis, n. s., 32.

Timoreticus, n. g., 181. T. armaticeps, n. s., 181.

Tonricus pereviguus, n. s., 201.

Tracyrhinus sordidus, n. s., 91.

Tragocephala rikatle, n.s., 182.

Uloma antillarum, n.s., 22.—grenadensis, 23.—parvula, n. 8., 23.—sul-
cata, n. s., 21.

Xyleborus, new species described :—andamanensis, 222.—andrewesi, 227.
—arcticollis, 217.—colossus, 207.—destruens, 221.—dolosus, 225.—
eviguus, 228.—fornicatus, 213.—fraternus, 212.—globus, 208.—lati-
collis, 226.—papuanus, 209.—puberulus, 215.—pruinosus, 214.—

(Bre 28)

scabripennis, 216.—semigranosus, 211.—semirudis, 210.—spatulatus,
218.—subcribrosus, 224.—submarginatus, 225.

Xyletinus ater, from Herefordshire, exhibited, xxxviil.

Xylophilus guttatus, n. s., 44.— nigricollis, n. s., 48.

Zonitis lineata, n. s., 58.

DIPTERA.

Achalcus sordidus, n. s., 339.

Aides pertinans, n. s., 271.—perturbans, n. s., 271.

Agromyza anthraz, n. s., 430.—innominata, n. s., 443.—lateralis, n. s.,
428.—sorosis, n. s., 429.—xvanthophora, 429.

Anepsius linearis, n. s., 317.

Anthomyza cinerea, n. s., 444.—wanthopoda, n. s., 445.

Aochletus, 300. A. bistriatus, n. s., 300.

Arthyroglossa nitida, n. s., 397.

Asundetus fratellus, n. s., 332.

Atarba pleuralis, n. s., 271.—puella, n. s., 288.

Atrophopoda braueri, n. s., 357.—townsendti, n. s., 356.

Borborus illotus, n. s., 434.—venalicus, 434.

Calobata mellea, n. s., 373.

Cephenomyia rufibarbis, exhibited, xvi.

Ceratomyza dorsalis, 428.

Ceratopogon, new species described :—decor, 281.—eriophorus, 279.—
flavus, 280.—lituratus, 281.—longicornis, 280.—lotus, 282.—maculi-
thorax, 277.—phlebotomus, 281.—propinquus, 279.—punctipennis,
278.—pygmeus, 278.—sequax, 282.—thersites, 280.—venustulus, 278.

Ceroplatus longimanus, n. s., 258.

Chironomus, new species described :—anonymus, 274.—innocuus, 274.—
longimanus, 274.—lugubris, 274.—spilopterus, 273.

Chlorops trivittata, n. s., 425.

Chordonota leiophthalma, n. s., 301.

Chrysopila atra, n. s., 304.

Chrysotus, new species described :—acutus, 329.—albipalpus, 327.—api-
calis, 330.—eacisus, 325.—flavus, 326.—hirsutus, 328 —inermis, 330.—
longipalpus, 329.—niger, 327.—provimus, 326.

Cistogaster insularis, un. s., 351.

Celoglutus, n. g., 338. C. concavus, n. s., 338.

Cenosia flavipes, n. s., 370..—insularis, n. s., 371.

Cyphomyia lasiophthalma, n. s., 301.

Cyrtoneura maculipennis, n. s., 368.

Degeeria nigriventris, n. s., 359.

Diaphorus, new species described :—approrimatus, 321.—contiguus, 323.—
dimidiatus, 322.—dubius, 324.—flavipes, 323.—parvulus, 321.

Didyma calyptrata, n. s., 359.

Diotrepha. D. concinna, n. s., 291.

Diplosis pictipes, n. s., 253.

Diptera, flower-haunting, 117. |

Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies) ; species belonging to the following
families and genera described or alluded to (S. W. Williston and

(cy)

J. M. Aldrich) :-—Achalcus, 339.—Aciuwra, 376.— Ades, 271.—Agromyza,
428, 443.—Agromyzide, 426, 443.—Allograpta, 348.—Anepsius, 317.—
Anthomyza, 444.—Anthomyiide, 367.—Aochletus, 300.—Arthyro-
glossa, 397.—Asilide, 304.—Asyndetus, 332.—Atarba, 288.—Atro-
phopoda, 356.—Baccha, 347.—Beskia, 360.—Bibionidx, 269.—Blepharo-
ceride, 269.—Bombyliide, 306.—Borboride, 43!.—Borborus, 434.—
Calobata, 372.—Cecidomyitide, 258.—Ceratomyza, 427.—Ceratopogon,
276.—Ceroplatus, 258.—Chironomide, 273.—Chironomus, 273.—
Chlorops, 425.—Chordonota, 302.—Chrysopila, 303.—Chrysotus, 325.
—Cistogaster, 351.—Celoglutus. n. g., 338.—Cenosia, 370.—Cypho-
myia, 801.—Cyrtoneura, 368.—Culex, 272.—Culicide, 270.—Degeeria,
359.— Deaitide, 360.—Diaphorus, 320.—Didyma, 359.—Diotrepha, 291.—
Diplosis, 258.—Discocerina, 395.—Discomyza, 392.—Dira, 298.—
Dizide, 298.—Dolichopodide, 309.—Drapetis, 308—441.—Drosophila,
405 —Drosophilide, 405.—Elachipalpus, 352.—Elachiptera, 417.—
Elephantomyia, 283.—Elliptera, 290.—Empidide, 307, 439.—Ensina,
377.—Ephydra, 402.—Ephydridex, 389.—Epiphragma, 294.—Epiplatea,
376.—Erav, 305.—Erioptera, 294.—Eristalis, 346.—Eutarsus, 334.—
Eusesta, 374.—Evaresta, 377.—Ecaorista, 355.—Geomyzide, 444.—
Geranomyia, 284.—Geron, 306.—Gnamptopsilopus, 341.—Gonia, 353.—
Gymnopternus, 309.—Hemagogus, n. s., 271.—Haplusia, 254.—Heca-
mede, 398.—Hemerodromia, 439 —Hercostomus, 311.—Hermetia, 299.—
Heteroneura, 386.—Heteroneuridx, 386.—Hippelates, 417.—Hippobos-
cide, 439.—Holcocephala, 306.—Hybos, 307.—Hydrellia, 399.—
Hydrina, 400.— Ilythea, 403. — Jurinia, 353. — Leptide, 303. —
Leptocorypha, n. g., 315.—Leptogaster, 305.—Leptorhethum, 345.—
Limnobia, 287.—Limnophora, 369.—Limosina, 431.—Lispa, 368.—
Lobioptera, 431.—Lonchea, 378.—Lucilia, 367.—Lyroneurus, 333.—
Macrocera, 255.—Manota, n. g., 260.—Megharrhina, 270.—Meromacrus,
346.—Mesogramma, 349.—Miastor, 254.—Micropezide, 371.—Mongoma,
291.—Mycetophila, 264.—Mycetophilide, 255.—Musca, 366.—Muscide,
366.—Neoémpheria, 262.—Neoglaphyroptera, 259.—Nerius, 373.—
Neurigona, 337.—Notiphila, 389.—Ochthera, 402.—Ochtheroidea, 401.—
Ocyptamus, 348.—Ommatius, 304.—Ophthalmyia, n. g., 426.—Ophyra,
367.—Ornithomyia, 439.—Ortalide, 374, .431.—Orthocladius, 275.—
Oscinide, 417.—Oscinis, 421.—Pachyrrhina, 295.—Paltosoma, 269.—
Paraclius, 314.—Paralimna, 390.—Pelagomyia, 299.—Pelastoneurus,
312.—Pericoma, 284.—Phora, 435.—Phoridz, 435.—Phorocera, 354.—
Phortica, 416.—Phthinia, 263.—Phyllomyia, 443.—Physogenua. 379.—
Pipunculide, 351.—Pipunculus, 351.—Plagiotoma, 378.—Platophry-
myia,n. g.,426.—Platyura, 256.—Pecilobothrus, 310.—Polymedon, 318.
—Polymera, 296.—Probolzus, n. g., 261.—Psilocephala, 306.—Psilopa,
292.—Psilopus, 343.—Psychoda, 283.—Psychodidz, 283.—Rhamphidia,
288.—Rhipidia, 285.—Rhynchodewxia, 360.—Rhyphidz, 298.—Rhypus,
_ 298.—Sapronyza, 379.—Sapromyzidz, 378.—Sarcophaga, 362.—Sarco-
phagide, 861.—Sarcophilodes, 361.—Sargus, 299.—Scatella, 403.—
Scatopse, 269.—Sciara, 265.—Sciophila, 263.—Sepsidx, 421.—Sepsis,
431.—Simuliide, 268.—Simulium, 268.—Siphomyia, 418.—Spherocera,
435.—Stegana, 404.—Stomorys, 366.—Stratiomyidz, 299.—Sympycnus,
336.—Syneches, 308.—Syrphidz, 346.—Tabanidz, 302,—Tabanus, 302.

(‘cit )

—Tachinide, 351.—Tanypeza, 371.—Tanypus, 275.—Tephritis, 377.—
Teucholabis, 289.—Therevide, 306.—Tipula, 295.—Tipulide, 284.—
Trichopoda, 352.—Trichopteromyia, n. g., 255.—Trigonometopus, 388.—
Trypeta, 376.—Trypetide, 376.—Urellia, 377.—Volucella, 347.—Win-
nertzia, 254.—Xanthotricha, n. g., 339.—Zygoneura, 268.

Discocerina leucoprocta, 395.—nana, 396.—obscura, 397.

Discomyza dubia, n.s., 392.

Diva clavulus,n. s., 298.

Drapetis apicis, n. s., 442.—flavidus, n. s., 308.—minuta, n. s., 442.—
wanthopodus, n. s., 308.

Drosophila, new species described :—annulata, 409.—bellula, 410.—biline.
ata, 409.—coffeata, 409.—fasciola, 410.—frontalis, 413.—illota, 415.—
limbata, 414.—nana, 416.—opacu, 411.—ornatipennis, 407.—pallida,
415.—pleuralis, 411.—pollinosa, 414.—procnemis, 412.—similis, 415.—
sororis, 408.—splendida, 412.—thoracis, 411.—verticis, 413.—vittati-
frons, 408.

Elachiptera flavida, n. s., 417.

Elephantomyia longirostris, nu. s., 288.

Ephydra pygmza, n. s., 417.

Epiphragma sackent, nu. s., 294.

Epiplatea amabdilis, n. s., 376.

Erioptera annulipes, n. s., 294.

Eutarsus sinuatus, n. s., 334.

Euzesta apicalis, n. s., 375.

Ezorista nobilis, n. s., 355.

Geranomyia pallida, n. s., 284.

Gnanptospilus flavicornis, n. s., 342.—flavidus, n. s., S41.

Gymnopternus ruficornis, n. s., 309.

Hemagogus, n. g., 271. H. splendens, n. s., 272.

Hecamede abdominatlis, n. s., 398.

Hemerodromia defessa, n. s., 439.

Hercostomus latipes, n. s., 272.

Heteronewra, new species described:—concinna, 887.—flavipes, 887.—
lumbalis, 888.—pleuralis, 387.—v alida, 388.—zxanthops, 386.

Hippelates dorsalis, 419.—dorsatus, n. s., 419.—equalis, n. s., 419.—
flavipes, 420.—proboscideus, n. s., 418.—scutellaris, n. s., 420.

Hydrellia parva, n. s., 399.—pulchra, n. s., 399.

Hydrina nitifrons, n. s., 401.—nitida, n. s., 400.

(?) Ilythea flavipes, n. s., 498.

Leptocorypha, n. g., 315. L. pavo, n. s., 317.

Leptogaster rederi, n. s., 305.

Leptorhethum angustatum, 315.

Limnobia insularis, n. s., 287.

Limnophora debilis, nu. s., 369.—ewvilis, n. s., 369.—erul, n. s., 870.

Limosina dolorosa, n. s., 432.—lugubris, n. 8. 433.—perparva, 433,—
pumila, 432.—scutellaris, 432.

Lonchea brevieornis, n.s., 379.—longicornis, n. s., 378.

Lyroneurus simplez, n. s., 333.

Macrocera concinna, n. s., 255.

Manota, n. g., 260. M. defecta,n.s , 260.

( ciii_ )

Mongoma, 291. M. manca, n. 8., 293.—pallida, n. s., 293.

Mycetophila dolosa, n. s., 264.—insipiens, n. s., 264.—nodulosa, n. s., 264.

Neoempheria maculipennis, n. s., 262.

Neoglaphyroptera concinna, n. s., 259.—nitens, n. s., 259.

Nerius bistriatus, n. s., 373.

Neurigona signifera, n. s., 337.

Notophila bellula, n. s., 390.—decorata, n. s., 889,

Ochthera cuprilineata, n. s., 402.

Ochtheroidea, n. g., 401. O. atra, n. s., 401.

Ophthalmomyia, n. g., 423. O. lacteipennis, 427.

Orthocladius debilis, n. s., 275.

Oscinis, new species described :—anonyma, 423.—apicalis, 422.—concinna,
424,.—fur, 425.—incipiens, 424.—mitis, 424.—nana, 423.—quadriline-
ata, 422.

Pachyrrhina elegantula, n. s., 295.

Paltosoma schineri, n. s., 269.

Paraclius filiferus, n. s., 314.

Paralimna multipunctata, n. s., 890.—obscura, n.s., 391.

Pelagomyia albitalus, n. s., 299.

Pelastonewrus argentiferus, n. s.,313.—lineatus, n. s., 312.

Pericoma albitarsis, n. g., 284.

Phora, new species described :—aurea, 437.—divaricata, 437,—furtiva,
436.—magnipalpis, 438.—(?) rufipes, exhibited, xvi.—venata, 486.

Phorocera puer, n. 8., 354.

Phortia scutellaris, n. s., 416.

Phthinia fraudulenta, n. s., 263.

Phyllomyza magnipalpis, nu. s., 443.

Physogenua nigra, n. s., 379.

Pipunculus politus, n. s., 351.

Platophrymyia, n. g., 426. P. nigra, n.s., 426.

Platyura fasciventris, n. 8., 258.—ignobilis, n. s., 257.—parva, n. s., 257.—
pictipennis, n. s., 257.

Pecilobothrus unguiculatus, n. s., 310.

Polymedon superbus, n. s., 318.

Polymera albitarsis, n. s., 296.

Probolwxus, n. g., 261. P. singularis, n.s., 261.

Psilopa aciculata, 394.—desmata, n. s., 395.—nigra, n. 8., 393.—nigrimana,
n. s., 893.—nigropuncta, 393.

Psilopus bellulus, n. s., 843.—insularis, n. s., 344.

Psychoda angustipennis, n. s., 284.—antennalis, n. s., 283.—pallens, n. s.,
283.

Rhipidia bipectinata, n. s., 285.—costalis, n. s., 286.—subpectinata, n. s.,
287.—wunipectinata, n. s., 286. :

Rhynchodewia sororia, n. s., 360.

Rhyphus dolorosus, n. s., 298.

Sapromyza, new species described :—angustipennis, 381.—exul, 382.—in-
grata, 385.—lineata, 385.—octovittata, 382.—puella, 381.—sordida,
383.—sororia, 885 :—macula, alluded to, 380.

Sarcophaga chetopygialis, n. s., 366.—concinnata, n. s., 364.—micro-
pygialis, n. s., 363.—otiosa, n. s., 364.—pavida, n. s., 369,

Ci cigs)

Sarcophilodes puella, n. s., 361.

Scatella obscura, n. s., 403.

Sciara concinna, n. s., 266.—germana, n. s., 266.—debilis, n. s , 266.—
delectata, n. s., 267.—equalis, alluded to, 265.—zygoneura, n. s , 267.

Sciophila diluta, n. s., 263.

Sepsis insularis, n. s., 431.

Simulium tarsale, n. s., 268.

Spherocera bimaculata, n. s., 435.

Stegana hore, n. s., 405.—tarsalis, n. s., 404.

Sympycnus falco, n. s., 836.—similis, n. s., 336.

Tabanus alcis, n. s., 302.

Tanypus flaveolus, n. s., 278.

Teucholabis annulata, n. s., 290.

Tipula subinfuscata, n. s., 295.

Trichopteromyia, n. g., 255. T. modesta, n. s., 255.

Trigonometopus rotundicornis, n. s., 388.

Trypeta incompleta, n. s., 378.

Xanthotricha, n. g., 839. X. cupulifera, n.s., 339.—minor, n. s., 340.—
singularis, n. s., 340.

Zygoneura sciastica, n. s., 268.

s

HEMIPTERA.

Notonecta glauca, notes on, xxvii.

HYMENOPTERA.

Mutilla contracta, wingless male, exhibited, xxi.
(Ecophylla smaragdina, notes on, ix.
Prestwichia aquatica, from Epping, exhibited, xl.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acidalia marginepunctata, from Eastbourne, exhibited, xlvii.

Acrea, dry and wet season forms, 551.

Antherea melitta, pup exhibited, ii.

Apamexa ophiogrammia, larvee of, exhibited, xxviil.

Argyresthia atmoriella, from Kent, exhibited, ix.

Lasiocampa rubi, inflammation of eyes caused by hairs of larvae of, iii.

Lepidoptera, Phylogeny and Evolution of, from a pupal and oval standpoint,
5676

Leucania flavicolor, n. s., exhibited, xxxvi.

Lophopalpia, n. g., 626.

Mamestra abjecta, var. exhibited, xxxvi.

Mellinia ocellaris, &c., exhibited, xlviii.

Mycalesis, dry and wet season forms of, 562.

Oiketicus crameri, from Sikkim, exhibited, xxxvii.

Omyphalobasis, n. g., 525.

Orneodes, &c., pupee of, 129.

Papilio zenobia, &e., from Coomassie, exhibited, xvi.

Parachmidia, n. g., 495.

Pieris locusta, &e., 66.

Flusia bractea, exhibited, liv.

Polia flavicincta, black var., from Huddersfield, exhibited, xvi.

Precis, dry and wet season forms of, 557.

Psecadia pusiella, lvii.

Pyralidz, on the classification of three subfamilies of: the Epipaschiine,
Endotrichine, and Pyraline; genera alluded to (G. F. Hampson) :—
Actenia, 545.—Aglossa, 505.—Arnatula, 454.—Astrapometis, 461.—
Bostra, 533.—Burathema, 494.—Cangetta, 487.—Cardanyla, 513.—
Catacrocis, 521.—Cataprosopus, 490.—Cecidipta, 468.— Centropseustis,
496.—Cledeobia, 546.—Cenodonws, 467.— Constantia, 543.—Cotachena,
497.—Crocalia, 503.—Curena, 516.—Dilowia, 549.—Diplopseustis, 489.
—Discordia, 549.—Endotricha, 481.—Euryzona, 521.—Gauna, 486.—
Hendecasis, 493.—Herculia, 517.—Heterocrasa, 533.—Hyboloma, 524.—
Hypanchyla, 510.—Hypotia, 504.—Hypsopygia, 507.—Ischnoscopa, 492.
—Isolopha, 478.—Jocara, 460.—Lamacha, 526.—Larice, 515.—Lept-
dogma, 459.—Locastra, 469.—Lophopalpia, n. g., 526.—Loryma, 541.—
Macalla, 463.—Mapeta, 5389.—Myrmedonistis, 494.—Cnogenes, 497.—
Omphalobasis, n. g., 525.—Onvphalocera, 527.—Orthaga, 475.—Ory bina
540.—Parachmidia, n. g., 495.—Paracme, 512.—Paractenia, 5380.—
Persicoptera, 487.—Petta, 488.—Pleonectoides, 493.—Pococera, 456.—
Propachys, 588.—Prosaris, 531.—Proteinia, 541.—Pyralis, 507.—
Rhynchetera, 523.—Rhynchopygia, 522.—Rodaba, 481.—Rostripalpus,
495.—Sacada, 528.—Scenedra, 486.—Sindris, 538.—Spectratrota, 462.—
Stemmatophora, 513.—Stericta, 471.—Syntonarcha, 496.—Tamyraca, 516.
—Tegulifera, 510.—Termioptycha, 462.—Tioga, 455.—Toccolosida, 528.
—Trebania, 531.—Tretopteryx, 542.—Trichophysetis, 491.—Trieropis,
490.—Triphassa, 522.—Tyndis, 548.—Ulotricha, 504.—Vitessa, 502.—
Xenomilia, 5382.—Zitha, 536.

Sericoris rivularia, &e., exhibited, lvii.

Terias brigitta, dry season form of T. zoé, 564.

Tephrosia bistortata, &c., notes on, xl., li.

Tinea biselliella, damaging bristles in London, lvi.

Trochilium sphegiforme, alluded to, xvi.

NEUROPTERA.

Calotermes artocarporum, n. s., alluded to, 589.—domesticus, n. s., alluded
to, 591.

Capnia affinis, n. s., 60.—atra, n. s., 58.—nigra, alluded to, 60.

Capnopsis, nom. nov., 61. C. Schillerz, 61.

Hetxrina occisa, monstrosity in, xvil.

Nemowra Sahlbergi, n. s., 56.

Teniopteryx Risi, n. s-, 56.

Cnicva

ORTHOPTERA.

Gomphocerus sibericus (var.), alluded to, 241.

Gryllus campestris, from Florence, exhibited, xxxix.

CEdipoda cerulescens, alluded to, 251.

Psophus stridulus, alluded to, 250.

Pycnosclus indica, from Bognor, exhibited, lvii.

Pezotettiz pedestris, alluded to, 236.

Stenobothrus (?) elegans, alluded to, 249.—hxmorrhoidalis, alluded to, 249.
Stethophyma fuscum, alluded to, 247.

SPECIES INCERT& SEDIS.

Dyscritina longisetosa, exhibited, iii.; drawings of, exhibited, viii.; alluded
to, 229, xix.

Printed by Stmuons & Borren, Limited, 4a, Shoe Lane, London, E.C.

Trans Ent. Soe Lond. 1896. Pu.

W.Purlaiss del et bth Mintern Bros imp
Heteromerous Coleoptera ot St:Vincent, Grenada,
and the Grenadines.

C.Schilleri.
K.J.Morton del.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1896. PUA.

°
~-.

a0 : za & Mintern Bros. lith.
New or little known Palearctic Perlidee .

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Mullerian Group:

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Trans. Ent: Soc. Lond 1896. PU.

T. : :
. 7 Mintern Bros. lith.
EdwinWilson .
HJ Pocock. ian Pupee of Epermenia &Orneocdes.

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EXpLANATION oF Prater VIII.

es

Diplosis species, wing.
” species, ”
Winnertzia species, wing.
Miastor species, wing, 4a part of antenna.
Haplusia species, wing.
Trichopteromya modesta, wing, 6a tarsus, 6b part of
antenna.
7. Macrocera concinna, wing.
9. Platyura ignobilis, wing.
10. FS pictipennis, wing.
Hil. .) Sasciventris, Wing.
12. Ceroplatus longimanus, wing.
13. Neoglaphyroptera nitens, wing.
14. Aanota defecta.
15. Proboleus singularis, wing, 15a head, 155 mouth parts,
15¢ hypopygium.
16. Neoémpheria maculipennis, wing.
17. Sciophila diluta, wing.
18. Phthinia fraudulenta, wing.
19. Mycetophila insipiens, wing.
20. - nodulosa, wing.
21. Sciara germana, wing.
22. » debilis, wing.
23. » zygoneura, wing.
24, Zygoneura sciastica, wing, 24a part of antenna.
25. Stmulium tarsale, wing, 25a ¢ front tarsus.
26. Scatopse pygmea, wing.
27. Paltostoma schineri, wing, 27a hypopygium, 27) head of g.
28. Megarrhina portoricensis, head of ¢, 28a wing.
29. Atdes pertinans, antenna, 29a hypopygium.
30. » perturbans, 9 head.

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

Edwin Wilson Cambridge.

HiGaols

32,
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46,
47.
48.
49.
50.
ol.
52.
53.
o4,
5d.
56,
57.

EXPLANATION oF Piate IX.

Hemagogus splendens, 2 head, 3la palpus, 31d ¢ claw,
3le wing.
Chironomus spilopterus, wing.
A longimanus, wing.
Orthocladius debilis, wing.
Tanypus indecisus, wing.
Ceratopogon maculithorax, wing.

" pygmaeus, wing.

. venustulus, wing, 38a front leg, 386 palpus.
s punctipennis, wing.

eriophorus, tarsus, 40a antenna, 406 palpus.
x propinquus, tarsus, 41a wing.

‘s Jlavus, wing, 42a tarsus.

5 longicornis, wing, 43a antenna.

i thersites, wing.

a decor, wing.

phlebotomus, wing, 46a palpus,
5 lotus, wing.
. sequax, wing.

Psychoda alternata, wing.
f pallens, hypopygium, 50a wing.
s angustipennis, wing.

Pericoma albitarsis, wing.

Geranomyia pallida, wing.

Rhipidia bipectinata, wing.

unipectinata, antenna.

a costalis, antenna.

subpectinata, wing.

99

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Trans Ent Soc. Lond 1846 Pl.

Edwin Wilson Cambridg c.

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

;

EXPLANATION OF Puatr X.

Fic. 57a. Rhipidia subpectinata, ¢ antenna.

58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
cae

72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
Wik
78.

Limnobia insularis, wing.
Rhamphidia albitarsis, wing, 59a hypopygium,.
Atarba puella, wing, 60a hypopygium.
<5 pleuralis, antenne, 61a, 616 genitalia, 61¢ wing.
Teucholubis complexa, wing.
; annulata, wing.

Elliptera species, wing, 64a genitalia.
Diotrepha mirabilis, wing, 65a hypopygium.

5 concinna, Wing.
Mongoma pallida, wing.
Epiphragma sackeni, wing.
Tipula subinfuscata, wing.
Pachyrrhina elegantula, wing.
Polymera albitarsis, § part of antenna, 71a ? antenna,

716 wing.

Genus near Rhipidia, part of antenna, 72a hypopygium.
Dixa clavulus, wing.
Rhyphus dolorosus, wing.
Pelagomyia albitalus, ¢ head.
Aochletus bistriatus, antenna.
Tubanus alcis, antenna.

. species, antenna.

78bis. Chrysopila atra, wing.

79.

Erazx rufitibia, wing.

= in 5
x T
6

Pint ak sane - 7

Trans Lint Soc. Lond 189 LUX

78bcs

Edwin Wilson Cambridge

WEST. INDIAN DIPTERA.

Fia. 80.
81.
82.

EXpLANATION oF Pirate XI.

Leptogaster roederi, wing.

Geron senilis, antenna.
Psilocephala argentata, antenna,
Hybos dimidiatus, wing.
Syneches pusillus, wing.

Drapetis canthopodus, antenna, 85a wing.
» flavidus, antenna, 86a wing.
Pipunculus aculeatus, wing, 87a antenna.

a politus, wing.

. Jurinia species, antenna.

» apicifera, antenna.
Gonia pallens, antenna.
Phorocera puer, ¢ head.
Exorista nobilis, ¢ head.
Atrophopoda townsendii, head and part of antenna,
93a ¢ tarsus, 93b 2 tarsus, 93¢ wing.
¥, braueri, g head, 94a ? tarsus, 94) ¢ tarsus,
94c¢ wing.
Didyma calyptrata, ¢ head.
Degeeria nigriventris, $ head.
Beskia cornuta, g head, 97a wing.
Rthynchodexia sororia, ¢ head.
Elachipalpus macrocerus, wing.
Trichopoda pennipes, wing.
Pecilobothrus unguiculatus, $ last joint of front tarsus.
Paraclius filiferus, tip of wing.
Polymedon superbus, ¢ head:
Hutarsus sinuatus, wing.
Ceeloglutus concavus, wing.
Aanthotricha cupulifera, wing, 106a hypopygium.
Achaleus sordidus, ¢ wing, 107a ? wing.

Trans. Lnt Soc. Lond 18% Pt XL

Edwin Wilson Cambridge

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

Fic. 108.
109.
TOS
Halle
112.
Melts
114,
iD iby
116.
HZ.
118.
119.
120.

EXpLaNaTion or Prats XII.

Leptorhethum angustatum, g wing.
Gnamptopsilopus flavidus. wing.
Eutarsus sinuatus, ¢ wing.
Hercostomus latipes, tip of wing.
Leptocorypha pavo, wing.
Polymedon superbus, wing.
Asyndetus fratellus, tip of wing.
Hutarsus sinuatus, 9 wing.
Pecilobothrus unguiculatus, tip of wing.
Lyroneurus simplex, & wing.
Polymedon superbus, 2 head.

5 > od head.
Ophyra enescens, ¢ head, 120a wing.

120bis. Sarcophilodes puella, ¢ head.

121.
122.
123.
124.
125;
126.
127.
128.
129.

Cyrtoneura maculipennis, g head, 12la wing.
Limnophora exul, ¢ head, 122u wing.
Cenosia insularis, g head, 123a wing.
Tanypeza claripennis, § head, 124a wing.
Calobata mellea, wing.
Nerius bistriatus, 9 head, 126a wing.
Euzesta stigmatias, wing,

» apicalis, wing.
Trypeta (Tephritis) fucata, wing.

_? a i)
ae a es ‘uy
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fi
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.
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eta Yo a NE Eo LOE LOBEL IEA LIAS

WEST

INDIAN DIPTERA.

118

Edwin Wilson. Camoridg &

EXPLANATION OF Prats XIII.

Fic. 130. Trypeta (Ensina) peregrina, wing.

137. %) (Evaresta) melanogastra, wing.
132. is (Urellia) solaris, wing.

133. Physogenua nigra, g head.

134. Supromyza angustipennis, wing.

135. Heteroneura flavipes, wing.

136. * valida, wing.

137. Trigonometopus rotundicornis, & head.

138. Discomyza dubia, wing, 138a ¢ head.

139. Psilopa nigra, 2 head.

140. » aciculata, wing.

141. Discocerina facialis, ¢ head.

142. Arthyroglossa nitida, g head.

143. Hydrellia parva, wing.

144, #4 pulchra, wing.

145. Hydrina nitida, wing, 145a ¢ head.

146, Ochtheroidea atra, wing, 146a ¢ front leg.

147. Ephydra pygmea, wing, 147a head.

148. Ochthera cuprilineata, wing.

149. Stegana tarsalis, g front leg, 149a ¢ middle tarsus,
1496 palpus, 149¢ wing.

150. Bs hore, @ antenna,

151. Drosophila ornatipennis, wing.

152. “ vittatifrous, wing.

aa
ee

Trans. Ent Soc. Lond 189% P

152
Edwin Wilson. Cambridge.

INDIAN DIPTERA.» |

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Fig. 153.

EXPLANATION OF Piate XIV.

Drosophila species, wing.

153a. Oscinis triangularis, wing.

154,
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.

Ophthalmomyia lacteipennis, wing, 154a ¢ head.
Ceratomyza dorsalis, wing, 155a head.
A gromyza lateralis, head.

55 xanthophora, wing.

5 innominata, ¢ head.
Sepsis insularis, wing, 159a ¢ front leg.
Limosina pumila, wing.

» _perparva, wing, 161a@ antenna.

5 lugubris, wing.
Borborus venalicus, wing.

as éllotus, wing.
Spherocera bimaculata, wing.
Fiemerodromia defessa, wing.
Drapetis apicis, wing, 167a¢ antenna.

9 minuta, wing, 168a antenna.

Phyllomyza magnipalpis, 9 head.
Anthomyza cinerea, ¢ head,

Trans. Lint Soc. Lond 18% FP).

ae 162 en cy —“‘

——— oe 167a
ae cS

Edwin Wilson Cambridge

WEST INDIAN DIPTERA.

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